Energy Consumption In Sectors Research Articles

Data Value-Added Service Comprehensive Evaluation Method on the Performance of Power System Big Data

With the development of digital economy, the integration and secure sharing of energy big data have become pivotal in driving innovation across the energy production, distribution, and consumption sectors. For power enterprises, leveraging data to enhance operational efficiency and drive business development will play a crucial role in value added. Firstly, based on the value-added service framework system of grid enterprises, this paper explores the basic technologies for power data applications and designs a technical roadmap for value-added services. Secondly, the proposed methodology incorporates the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and gray comprehensive evaluation method (GCE) to determine the weights of key factors affecting the value-added services. Empirical research is conducted to validate the feasibility of typical value-added services. Additionally, this paper proposes methods for evaluating the benefits of value-added services and identifies key technologies in data mining and management, customer value discovery, and data asset utilization, providing theoretical support and practical pathways for the digital transformation of power enterprises.

The Determinants of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Intensity in Global Value Chains1

This paper tracks the greenhouse gas emissions intensity embedded in global value chains observing 186 countries from 1990 to 2015 and then looks at the determinants of emissions intensity considering both country and sector-level variables in a gravity-like framework. Our graphical visualization displays that as expectedly, developed countries appear to be both major GHG emissions producers and outsourcers in the highly fragmented world. Indeed, China, the USA, Germany, Japan, and Russia are the top five countries in terms of greenhouse gas emission intensities embedded in trade flows. Moreover, our empirical results reveal that while higher capital stock is attributable to higher greenhouse gas emissions intensity embedded in GVCs, the renewable energy consumption of sectors can be seen as an emissions intensity-decreasing factor. While higher income levels seems to deteriorate environmental quality, regional or global integration in trade agreements seems to be consistent with the current increasing efforts and concerns regarding environmental issues. Given the current trajectory and the findings of this article; encouraging renewable energy usage in the production process, monitoring detrimental trade and production activities, and cost-sharing plans between exporters and importers should be carefully considered to decrease GHG emissions intensities.

Climate Policy Uncertainty and CO2 Emissions Dynamics in the USA

ABSTRACTUncertainty in climate policies is a new topic of study that could impact environmental issues such as CO2 emissions. Using a recently developed monthly dataset on the Climate Policy Uncertainty index (CPU), spanning from April 1987 to September 2022, we investigate whether CPU can be used as a tool to predict total and sectoral energy consumption CO2 emissions changes relying on a time‐varying and frequency‐domain Granger causality techniques for short‐, middle‐, and long‐runs. The current study also investigates symmetric and asymmetric causality between CPU and CO2 emissions. Our results based on the time‐varying Granger causality test show that uncertainty about climate policies causes CO2 emissions. Similarly, the frequency‐domain Granger causality test results reveal that CPU is also a significant cause of CO2 emissions in the long and medium terms. We also search for the asymmetry between CPU and CO2 emissions since positive and negative CPU shocks may have contrasting impacts on CO2 emissions. To see whether this effect changes over time, we conduct the asymmetric Granger‐causality test in the frequency domain and verify asymmetrical associations for some cases. Our findings give policymakers and academics fresh views by highlighting the significance of time‐varying and frequency‐domain aspects in the dynamics of the CPU‐CO2 emissions nexus.

A multi-objective optimization approach for interprovincial carbon emission reduction in China: Considering industrial structure and ownership attributes.

Balancing economic growth with carbon emission control requires the coordination of policy preferences for economic and carbon reduction goals, as well as the low-carbon transformation of industrial and ownership structures. This study employs a multi-objective input-output optimization model to investigate the trade-offs among maximizing GDP growth, minimizing carbon emissions, and minimizing energy consumption within the planning period of 2017-2035 in China. The model accounts for the heterogeneity of industrial structures and ownership attributes, examining both national aggregates and the adjustment paths and ownership trends across different provinces. The findings reveal: (1) Sectors with high output and low energy consumption are growing, while high pollution and high energy-consuming sectors are declining, driven primarily by technological levels, followed by policy and development preferences. (2) Domestic capital expanding into high technology and capital-intensive sectors, HMT capital favoring the economically developed high technology regions, and foreign investment declining. (3) Regional adjustment in high-value or high-energy-consumption sectors are more pronounced in central and western provinces and less economically developed regions, while industries that are neither high-energy-consumption nor high-value show greater increases in resource-rich provinces with better infrastructure.

Energy finance strategy and governance nexus with economic growth: Results from emerging economies.

The rapid economic development in emerging economies, particularly in BRICS nations, is closely intertwined with their energy consumption and financial investment in energy sectors. However, the global shift towards sustainability has raised concerns about the continued reliance on fossil fuels and the environmental implications of such practices. Energy finance-particularly the balance between fossil fuel energy finance (FFEF) and renewable energy finance (RENF)-plays a critical role in shaping economic growth trajectories in these economies. At the same time, governance frameworks can either enhance or hinder the effectiveness of energy finance strategies. As the global push for sustainability intensifies, the need to balance these two energy sources becomes increasingly important. This study investigates the impact of energy finance on economic growth in BRICS nations and explores how governance moderates these relationships. Using data from the World Development Indicators (2000-2023) and employing econometric models, including Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) for robustness, the findings reveal that both FFEF and RENF positively impact EGR. However, RENF also offers the added benefit of environmental sustainability, positioning it as a viable alternative for economic development. Good governance emerges as a critical factor that can mitigate the negative environmental effects of FFEF and further amplify the positive impact of RENF on EGR. The study highlights that BRICS nations have the option to shift from FFEF to RENF, as RENF not only promotes economic growth but also aligns with environmental goals. Strengthening governance frameworks will be essential in facilitating this transition and supporting sustainable economic growth.

GAPS OF INDIAN ELECTRICAL ENERGY SECTOR AND ITS OPTIMAL MITIGATION BY USING OPTIMAL UTILIZATION OF INDIAN RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY WITH THE HELP OF THE P&O MPPT TECHNIQUE

Developing countries, especially, India, depend importantly on energy sources to perform their country’s industrial and economic activities. Mainly the two factors continuous population growth of the country and the rapid growth rate of industrialization of the country, the gap between electrical energy supply and demand for electrical energy is slowly and consistently increasing. To resolve this unevenness, there is a jointly planned attempt is required to enhance the contribution of renewable energy in the all over mix of energy. Despite these attempts, unexpected surges caused by the sector of domestic energy consumption could lead to important shortfalls between energy requirements at peak demand and available supply in India. As a solution to this challenge, the Union government of India has launched a new policy, named PM SURYA GHAR: MUFT BIJLI YOJANA, targeted to handle this crucial problem head-on. This initiative requires addressing the increasing energy demand by promoting the utilization of solar power in households throughout the length and breadth of the country. With the implementation techniques of Photo voltaic optimization, this analysis explores how such types of strategies can play a significant role in filling the gap between the energy supply-demand in the Indian context. Employing the solar energy potential and optimizing and utilization of solar energy, creates a path to not only meet the enhancing energy requirements but also creates the path for a more environmentally friendly and sustainable energy in India. By integration of innovative technologies and solutions of renewable energy holds the key to ensuring a balanced, sustainable, stable energy supply for the future of India and country’s growth and development.

Numerical optimization and experimental study of helically coiled tube heat exchanger based on Entransy degeneration theory

Heat exchangers are the most frequent energy transfer equipment in energy-consuming sectors, and their design and optimization are critical for reducing environmental impact and energy waste. In this study, a thermodynamic model of a spiral coil heat exchanger is reconstructed, and the use of Entrancy degradation theory is reviewed. The idea of layered modeling of helically coiled tube heat exchanger and the double-layer cycle model with simultaneous optimization of structural parameters and flow conditions are proposed, and experiments are performed to verify the reliability of the numerical model through. Multi-objective genetic algorithm is adopted for optimization with Entransy degeneration number (NgHE), Performance Evaluation Criteria (PEC) and Field Synergy Number (Fc) as optimization criteria to achieve multi-layer structure, multi-layer cycle and multi-objective optimization. The correlation equations for flow and heat transfer in the tube and shell sides of the heat exchanger are obtained, which are explored and verified. The results show that the heat exchanger thermodynamic modification model and the derived Entransy degeneration optimization criterion for the heat exchanger can reduce the overall useful energy loss by 11.2 % ∼ 15.2 %. When the minimum NgHE is taken as the optimization criterion, the NgHE is reduced by 13.6 % compared to the PEC and by 12.2 % compared to the Fc.

Comparative thermoeconomic analysis of integrated hybrid multigeneration systems with hydrogen production for waste heat recovery in cement plants

The cement industry is a widely used and energy-consuming sector, making it one of the largest CO2 emitters, primarily to meet its energy demands. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate the waste heat recovery process from a cement factory to fulfill a portion of its energy requirements. In this study, four scenarios have been evaluated, including power production scenarios, hydrogen production scenarios, methanation production process evaluation scenarios, blending hydrogen with natural gas, oxy-fuel combustion scenarios, and scenarios for producing the required freshwater for the factory and the water electrolysis process. The results show that the steam Rankine cycle with the reheating process and the organic Rankine cycle with methanol working fluid with a production capacity of 24.35 MW, and a payback period of 2.4 years with levelized cost of energy being 0.005809 $/kWh, is the most favorable scenario for the power generation cycle. Also, the process of alkaline electrolysis with a hydrogen production rate of 0.1648 kg/s, and a payback period of 5.816 years, and also with the levelized cost of hydrogen being 1.001 $/kg, happened to be the most suitable hydrogen production scenario compared to other electrolysis scenarios such as PEM and SOEC. Moreover, the process of water desalination by reverse osmosis with the energy consumption of 2.7 MW of power is capable of supplying all the required water of the factory and the water electrolysis process, and it was determined as the most suitable scenario for supplying the required water.

A new hybrid approach to the impact of renewable energy consumption on economic growth: sectoral differences in European Union countries

The current energy crisis has shown all states that energy from renewable sources can be a determining factor in the states’ sustainable development. Several papers have studied the relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic development, finding various situations, but there is no consensus. Thus, this study aims to first investigate the causal relationship between economic growth and total and sectoral renewable energy consumption (European Union and each Member State, for 2004–2020) by testing various linear and non-linear regressions to choose the fit model. Second, the investigation extends to analysing the impact of renewable energy consumption by sector on economic development. A hybrid approach is used, namely structural equation modelling and artificial neural networks. The study findings indicate the effect and the meaning (directly or inversely) exerted by the three sectoral components on economic growth, with different intensities from one country to another. There is a significant influence on the consumption of renewable energy in the heating and cooling sectors and transport on gross domestic product at the European Union level and for most member states. Based on the obtained results, a series of theoretical, practical, and political implications are provided.

Enhancing environmental sustainability in Asian textile supply chains: insights from agile practices and mediating variables

The current energy crisis has shown all states that energy from renewable sources can be a determining factor in the states’ sustainable development. Several papers have studied the relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic development, finding various situations, but there is no consensus. Thus, this study aims to first investigate the causal relationship between economic growth and total and sectoral renewable energy consumption (European Union and each Member State, for 2004–2020) by testing various linear and non-linear regressions to choose the fit model. Second, the investigation extends to analysing the impact of renewable energy consumption by sector on economic development. A hybrid approach is used, namely structural equation modelling and artificial neural networks. The study findings indicate the effect and the meaning (directly or inversely) exerted by the three sectoral components on economic growth, with different intensities from one country to another. There is a significant influence on the consumption of renewable energy in the heating and cooling sectors and transport on gross domestic product at the European Union level and for most member states. Based on the obtained results, a series of theoretical, practical, and political implications are provided.

The Use of PCMs and PV Solar Panels in Higher Education Buildings towards Energy Savings and Decarbonization: A Case Study

Buildings are one the largest energy-consuming sectors in the world, and it is crucial to find solutions to reduce their energy consumption. One way to evaluate these solutions is using building simulation software, which provides a comprehensive perspective. In this article, using DesignBuilder software (v 6.1), the effect of using phase-change materials (PCMs) on the external walls and ceiling of the Department of Mechanical Engineering of Shahid Beheshti University (Tehran, Iran) has been investigated. The methodology involves the use of a layer of PCMs for three locations: (1) on the walls; (2) on the ceiling; and (3) on both the walls and ceiling, with/without PV panels, which leads to seven scenarios (alongside the reference one). The result shows that using PCMs has a greater impact on the heating load than the cooling one and is more effective on ceilings than walls. For the simultaneous use of PCMs in the ceilings and walls, the heating and cooling loads, in comparison with the initial condition of the building, are reduced by 24%, and 12%, respectively. When using solar panels, the heating load increases by 12.6%, and the cooling load decreases by 8.6%, whereas the total energy consumption of the building is fairly constant when using both PV panels and PCMs. In these last conditions, the primary evaluated values shifted significantly. Notably, CO2 emissions saw a nearly 50% reduction, making the simultaneous use of PV panels and PCMs on both walls and ceilings the best performance option.

Energy consumption decomposition analysis using European official statistics: Methodology and input data

Deciphering energy efficiency is a critical component for the sustainability and energy policies of the European Union (EU) and its Member States. Decomposition analysis is a key method that helps distinguish real energy efficiency gains from other external factors. This article presents a decomposition analysis method using official EU statistics, its results, and associated limitations. Although separating structural changes and activity levels from energy efficiency poses a challenge, an adapted Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) method was utilised to isolate and highlight energy efficiency. This article outlines this method and how the European official statistics were exploited. Firstly, it examines the factors affecting energy consumption in various sectors within EU-27. Secondly, it examines the factors affecting energy consumption in various sectors. In doing so, it also addresses potential obstacles in data collection, and presents improvements to the LMDI analysis. The findings in this study make a substantial contribution to the fields of national statistics, methodological applications, and energy data analysis in the context of the EU’s energy policies.

The relationship between energy consumption and GDP in countries of the world

The article provides analysis of the influence of energy consumption on GDP in various regions and countries of the world (America, Europe, Post-Soviet space, Middle East, Africa, Asia-Pacific region). It is shown that: 1) there is a direct linear causal relationship between the growth of energy consumption and economic development in the absence of external effects in the field of energy efficiency; 2) external factors that contribute to the efficiency of energy consumption – ​institutional environment and scientific and technological achievements in the field of energy efficiency; change of the structure of the economy in favor of less energy-intensive industries. Models based on linear algebra, such as the Leontief model, can be used to describe the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth. Energy consumption in different sectors of the economy can have both positive and negative relationships with economic growth. A reduction of the share of industry and agriculture does not guarantee a simultaneous decline of energy consumption in the service sector. There is a direct linear relationship between energy consumption in the services sector as well as in the transportation sector and economic development of different countries around the world. Increased energy consumption in the transportation sector which supports economic development is connected with an increase of the well-being of the population in several countries. The inverse relationship shown by some of the study results does not indicate that all countries studied are more energy efficient. This outcome reflects only the presence of external influences that encourage energy efficiency. Energy saving is not a limiting factor for economic growth, but it does not occur in economic system without a set of external incentives in different sectors of economy.

Water and Energy Conservation across Provinces and Sectors in China: Based on a Complex Network Perspective

Previous studies on the water–energy nexus mainly focused on the calculation and comparison of resource consumption at the national or regional level, lacking interprovincial sector-sector transfer analysis. In this study, the intensity of water and energy consumption of various sectors in China was calculated, the key nodes and paths of resource networks were identified, and countermeasures for resource conservation were proposed from the new perspective of the “dual saving” and “bidirectional saving” of water and energy. The results showed that the metallurgical industry (Me) in Jiangsu and the chemical industry (Ch) in Hebei and Jiangsu had high node strength in the water and energy network and were key sectors in China with “dual saving” effects of water and energy. The construction industry, Ch, Me in Jiangsu, electricity and hot water production and supply industry in Beijing, and Me in Hebei had high node strength in the water-related energy network and energy-related water network, significantly supporting the “bidirectional saving” effect of water and energy in China. The electrical equipment industry (El) in Jiangsu → El in Zhejiang, El in Zhejiang → El in Shanghai frequently appeared in key paths, which could effectively reduce the resource consumption of the entire network.

Life cycle assessment and comparison of energy supply system technical innovation: A case study

As the key sector of energy consumption in China, the industrial sector contributes the most to environmental pollution and CO2 emissions. With the goals of reaching the peak of CO2 emissions by 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality by 2060, optimizing the energy supply system of industrial enterprises is significant to achieve low-carbon development. In this study, the case of system upgrading concerning waste heat utilization in a manufacturing unit is applied. The total environmental impact of the energy supply system before and after transformation is quantified and compared based on life cycle assessment method, with “cradle to gate” as the system boundary and one year of system operation as the functional unit. It can be found that the environmental impact of the energy supply system is reduced from 4.54 to 4.14 through technical innovation. The key processes contributing to the environmental impact of the system are the refrigeration system, soft water system and boiler system. Electricity consumption of refrigeration system, NaCl of the soft water system and natural gas of the boiler system are identified as key substances. Sensitivity analysis reveals that the environmental benefits of reducing electricity consumption will be more effective than that of NaCl and natural gas. With the transformation of waste heat utilization and the increase of photovoltaic power generation, the environmental impact of the system is reduced obviously, which is significant for the low-carbon transformation of the manufacturing industry.

Analysis of energy consumption and change structure in major economic sectors of Pakistan.

Studying and analyzing energy consumption and structural changes in Pakistan's major economic sectors is crucial for developing targeted strategies to improve energy efficiency, support sustainable economic growth, and enhance energy security. The logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method is applied to find the factors' effects that change sector-wise energy consumption from 1990 to 2019. The results show that: (1) the change in mixed energy and sectorial income shows a negative influence, while energy intensity (EI) and population have an increasing trend over the study period. (2) The EI effects of the industrial, agriculture and transport sectors are continuously rising, which is lowering the income potential of each sector. (3) The cumulative values for the industrial, agricultural, and transport sectors increased by 57.3, 5.3, and 79.7 during 2019. Finally, predicted outcomes show that until 2035, the industrial, agriculture, and transport incomes would change by -0.97%, 13%, and 65% if the energy situation remained the same. Moreover, this sector effect is the most crucial contributor to increasing or decreasing energy consumption, and the EI effect plays the dominant role in boosting economic output. Renewable energy technologies and indigenous energy sources can be used to conserve energy and sectorial productivity.

Quantifying the impact of earthquakes on urban energy consumption and carbon emissions in Tokyo from a nexus perspective

Unexpected events can have profound impacts on urban resource supply and consumption. The Great East Japan Earthquake (3.11 hereafter) triggered not only the planned blackout in the Tokyo Metropolitan Region soon after the disaster but also the energy shift to fossil fuels to recover from the disfunction of Fukushima nuclear power plants. Previous research has mainly focused on the direct energy consumption and carbon emissions of different sectors while the intensity and extensity of the impact on industries and the environment have never been empirically addressed. This study explores energy-use efficiency and carbon emissions in Tokyo from 2011 to 2015 through a lens of nexus using environmentally extended input-output analysis and community-wide carbon analytic approaches. Results show that the energy consumption is the largest exporter and importer of carbon emissions, whereas energy losses and carbon emissions caused by energy conversion and transmission are almost twice as much as those caused by the direct parts. Strong nexus effects among building and material, transportation, and energy consumption were observed. The 3.11 greatly impacted the energy structure and carbon emission patterns because of the increased consumption of coal for electricity. The share of energy consumption and carbon emissions by raw materials for construction also increased because of the increased demand for the reparation and reconstruction of buildings and transport systems. This structural change provided new scientific evidence for governments to implement decarbonization policies while preparing for unprecedented events.

Natural Gas as an Alternative to Fuel Oil Usage in the Steel Industry

Steel industry is a major energy consumption sector requiring large quantities of fuel in order to operate its various units. There are two main types of fuel used in the steel industry, fuel oil and natural gas. Natural gas burns better than fuel oil and produces less combustion products that are harmful to the environment. The Libyan Iron and Steel Company uses fuel oil as a main source of energy in its operations. Calculations are carried out to determine equivalent amounts of natural gas to fuel oil being used in the company as well as quantities of CO2, SO2 produced from combustion of both fuels. The results showed the possibility of reducing the amounts CO2 by about 25.7% and eliminating SO2 by switching to natural gas usage in the company.

Natural Gas as an Alternative to Fuel Oil Usage in the Steel Industry

Steel industry is a major energy consumption sector requiring large quantities of fuel in order to operate its various units. There are two main types of fuel used in the steel industry, fuel oil and natural gas. Natural gas burns better than fuel oil and produces less combustion products that are harmful to the environment. The Libyan Iron and Steel Company uses fuel oil as a main source of energy in its operations. Calculations are carried out to determine equivalent amounts of natural gas to fuel oil being used in the company as well as quantities of CO2, SO2 produced from combustion of both fuels. The results showed the possibility of reducing the amounts CO2 by about 25.7% and eliminating SO2 by switching to natural gas usage in the company.

Modeling the water use associated with energy consumption changes on saltwater intrusion in the Pearl River estuary, China

The intrusion of saline tide into estuaries is one of the major environmental issues impedding the regional development of the Pearl River Estuary, which has been exacerbated by increasing water use associated with energy consumption in the estuary areas. However, the relationship among water use, energy consumption and saltwater intrusion remains ambiguous. Firstly, this paper established a k-nearest neighbor model that identified the correlation between inputs of precipitation and sectoral energy consumption and output of runoff in the Humen Channel as part of the Pearl River Estuary during 2019–2020. Then, the Finite–Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM) was employed to explore the process-based mechanism between runoff and salinity via three scenarios simulated for the periods 2030–2031 and 2060–2061 with different water use and precipitation levels. Finally, the impacts of sectoral energy consumption on saltwater intrusion under the different scenarios were analyzed. The results showed that the increase of the energy consumption was positively correlated to runoff, especially in the wet season of Humen Channel. The monthly average salinity exhibited remarkable seasonal variations with similar trends under three scenarios. Totally 654 days with salinity exceeding the standard were projected to take place in the downstream of Humen Channel during the simulation period.