Energy Consumption Of Process Research Articles

Dehumidification performance of PEDOT:PSS film based on direct electric heating regeneration

In order to solve the problem of high energy consumption in the regeneration process of solid adsorption dehumidifying material, a direct electric heating regeneration dehumidifying film (PPF)was designed and prepared by Soaking −Drying method utilizing poly (3,4-vinyldioxthiophene) −polystyrene sulfonic acid (PEDOT:PSS) as material. Comparing with the film prepared by two times Soaking −Drying processes (PPF-2), the moisture adsorption of the film prepared by four times Soaking −Drying processes (PPF-4) increased from 5.1 g/m2 to 9.1 g/m2, and the edge-to-edge resistance (Rs) decreased from 13.3 Ω/sq to 5.6 Ω/sq. The maximum mean surface temperature of PPF-4 was 42.3 °C under regeneration voltage of 6 V, and the regeneration efficiency was 84.6 %. Subsequent continuous experiments were conducted to clarify its dehumidification process and effectiveness. The results indicated that the dehumidification performance of PPF-4 was influenced by absolute humidity and regeneration voltage. The mean regeneration rate was changed by about 0.15 g/(kg·s) when the inlet absolute humidity was varied by 1 g/kg under the regeneration voltage of 6 V. The continuous five-cycle tests maintained stable adsorption and regeneration, with a dehumidification coefficient performance (DCOP) ranging from 2.00 to 3.80.

Well-to-Wheel Efficiency and Energy Consumption Analysis for Mild Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Over the last few decades, there has been an increased focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions among all sectors to keep the global temperature increase below 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. Automotive sector has been at the fore front of this transition as necessitated by the impact that gas powered vehicles play on overall greenhouse gas emissions. Consequently, the past few decades saw rapid increase in the efficiency of gas-powered vehicles as well as introduction of alternative technologies to power ground transportation such as hybrid electric vehicles and battery powered electric vehicles. Hybrid electric vehicles have been prominent in increasing vehicle efficiency owing to the unique architecture of power generation and transmission. Today, most automotive OEMs have a significant hybrid electric vehicle portfolio along with battery electric vehicles and traditional combustion engine portfolio. Although battery electric vehicles have been gaining in popularity, hybrid electric vehicles have been in the market for more than two decades and there are still a considerable number of vehicles being developed and operated as compared the battery electric vehicles running today. Thus, understanding the chain of energy conversions and transmissions in operating a hybrid electric vehicle is crucial to formulate strategies to improve the overall efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Although, efficiency is a universally used term that signifies the energy consumed to energy generated, the scope of application is different. Most generally, efficiency of a vehicle refers to the amount of energy consumed (via the fuel) vs amount of useful energy generated at the wheels. This scope is limiting as it does not consider the energy consumed in processes relating to sourcing of the fuel, transportation of fuel, manufacturing and maintenance of the vehicle. Therefore, it becomes essential to compute an efficiency term that involves the impact of all the energy consuming processes in the lifecycle of the vehicle for a more comprehensive understanding of efficiency. This efficiency term that encompasses all the energy consuming processes is known as well-to-wheel (WTW) efficiency. This study examines the energy transfer chain of a hybrid electric vehicle, providing a detailed measurement of the efficiency in the entire process, from the supply of fuel to the energy transmitted to the wheels of the vehicle. Within the scope of the analysis, every stage of the energy transfer process from the well to the vehicle, such as extraction, transportation, processing and storage of the fuel is included. The first part of this study focuses on estimating the energy consumption of processes involving mining, transportation, refining and distribution of the fuel to compute the well-to-tank efficiency (WTT). The next part of the study uses this well-to-tank efficiency along with the conversion efficiency and energy consumed during manufacturing and maintenance of the vehicle to compute the overall well-to-wheel efficiency of hybrid vehicles.

Allosteric regulation of pyruvate kinase enables efficient and robust gluconeogenesis by preventing metabolic conflicts and carbon overflow.

Gluconeogenesis, the reciprocal pathway of glycolysis, is an energy-consuming process that generates glycolytic intermediates from non-carbohydrate sources. In this study, we demonstrate that robust and efficient gluconeogenesis in bacteria relies on the allosteric inactivation of pyruvate kinase, the enzyme responsible for the irreversible final step of glycolysis. Using the model bacterium Bacillus subtilis as an example, we discovered that pyruvate kinase activity is inhibited during gluconeogenesis via its extra C-terminal domain (ECTD), which is essential for autoinhibition and metabolic regulation. Physiologically, a B. subtilis mutant lacking the ECTD in pyruvate kinase displayed multiple defects under gluconeogenic conditions, including inefficient carbon utilization, slower growth, and decreased resistance to the herbicide glyphosate. These defects were not caused by the phosphoenolpyruvate-pyruvate-oxaloacetate futile cycle. Instead, we identified two major metabolic consequences of pyruvate kinase dysregulation during gluconeogenesis: failure to establish high phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) concentrations necessary for robust gluconeogenesis and increased carbon overflow into the medium. In silico analysis revealed that, in wild-type cells, an expanded PEP pool enabled by pyruvate kinase inactivation is critical for maintaining the thermodynamic feasibility of gluconeogenesis. Additionally, we discovered that B. subtilis exhibits glyphosate resistance specifically under gluconeogenic conditions, and this resistance depends on the PEP pool expansion resulting from pyruvate kinase inactivation. Our findings underscore the importance of allosteric regulation during gluconeogenesis in coordinating metabolic flux, efficient carbon utilization, and antimicrobial resistance.IMPORTANCEPyruvate kinase catalyzes the final irreversible step in glycolysis and is commonly thought to play a critical role in regulating this pathway. In this study, we identified a constitutively active variant of pyruvate kinase, which did not impact glycolysis but instead led to multiple metabolic defects during gluconeogenesis. Contrary to conventional understanding, these defects were not due to the phosphoenolpyruvate-pyruvate-oxaloacetate futile cycle. Our findings suggest that the defects arose from an insufficient buildup of the phosphoenolpyruvate pool and an increase in carbon overflow metabolism. Overall, this study demonstrates the essential role of pyruvate kinase allosteric regulation during gluconeogenesis in maintaining adequate phosphoenolpyruvate levels, which helps prevent overflow metabolism and enhances the thermodynamic favorability of the pathway. This study also provides a novel link between glyphosate resistance and gluconeogenesis.

Azeotropic formic acid-water separation by sulfolane extractive distillation feasibility study

ABSTRACT Due to the formation of an azeotrope at 57.6 mol.% formic acid under atmospheric pressure, conventional distillation is ineffective for separating formic acid and water into pure components. This study explores the use of extractive distillation with sulfolane as a solvent to overcome this limitation. The binary interaction parameters for the formic acid-water and sulfolane-water systems were determined using the NRTL model in Aspen Plus V10 software, based on experimental data. The investigation focuses on the effect of varying solvent concentrations on the thermodynamic equilibrium and the relative volatility of water to formic acid. The proposed process design incorporates two sequential columns: an extractive distillation column and a solvent regeneration column, both operating under reduced pressure. Simulation results confirm the feasibility of this method for purifying formic acid. For water concentrations between 80% and 50%, the boiler energy consumption in the extractive distillation process decreases by 42%. The regeneration column operates at 0.254 bar to minimise corrosion and ensure complete recovery of sulfolane. This study highlights the effectiveness of extractive distillation with sulfolane, achieving a high recovery rate of nearly pure formic acid.

"Energetics of the outer retina II: Calculation of a spatio-temporal energy budget in retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor cells based on quantification of cellular processes".

The outer retina (OR) is highly energy demanding. Impaired energy metabolism combined with high demands are expected to cause energy insufficiencies that make the OR susceptible to complex blinding diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Here, anatomical, physiological and quantitative molecular data were used to calculate the ATP expenditure of the main energy-consuming processes in three cell types of the OR for the night and two different periods during the day. The predicted energy demands in a rod dominated (perifovea) area are 1.69 x 1013 ATP/s/mm2 tissue in the night and 6.53 x 1012 ATP/s/mm2 tissue during the day with indoor light conditions. For a cone-dominated foveal area the predicted energy demands are 6.41 x 1012 ATP/s/mm2 tissue in the night and 6.75 x 1012 ATP/s/mm2 tissue with indoor light conditions during daytime. We propose the likely need for diurnal/circadian shifts in energy demands to efficiently stagger all energy consuming processes. Our data provide insights into vulnerabilities in the aging OR and suggest that diurnal constraints may be important when considering therapeutic interventions to optimize metabolism.

A Dynamic Energy‐Efficient Scheduling Method for Periodic Workflows Based on Collaboration of Edge‐Cloud Computing Resources

ABSTRACTEdge‐cloud computing offers an efficient method to flexibly allocate various computing resources for periodic workflow applications commonly employed in industrial production, commercial operations, and scientific research. Rationalized allocation of computational resources for scheduling in the edge‐cloud environment is the key to reducing energy consumption of the periodic workflows scheduling process. To this end, this paper proposes an optimization method for dynamic energy‐efficient scheduling of periodic workflows based on the collaboration of edge‐cloud computational resources while satisfying the constraints of workflow deadlines. In our method, periodic workflow scheduling is defined to be performed on a three‐tier integrated scheduling architecture of user terminals, edge computing platform, and cloud computing platform. Task groups are generated based on workflow critical paths, and appropriate edge‐cloud computing resources are selected for workflow tasks using corresponding scheduling policies at each scheduling stage. It reduces energy consumption during task scheduling while satisfying workflow deadline constraints. Comparative experiments in a simulated edge‐cloud environment show that our method reduces energy consumption of the scheduling process by 19.38%, 22.7%, and 37.34% compared to GA, PSO, and cloud computing, respectively. That is, the method effectively reduces the scheduling energy consumption during periodic workflow processing and significantly improves computational resource utilization.

Synergistic Removal of Rare Earth Elements from Radioactive Molten Salt via Electrodeposition and Adsorption.

Recycling waste salt in the dry reprocessing of nuclear fuel and reducing electric energy consumption in the electrorefining process are crucial steps toward addressing significant challenges in this field. The present study proposes a novel approach to purify waste salt by selectively adsorbing excessive fission products using 5A molecular sieves (5A), based on the principles of electrorefining, with the ultimate aim of achieving sustainable development in nuclear fuel. First, Lutetium (Lu)-Bi alloy was synthesized through constant potential electrolysis in the LiCl-KCl-LuCl3 melt, resulting in a 90.59% extraction rate of Lu(III) on the Bi electrode. Subsequently, following the electrolysis process, the waste salt underwent high-temperature adsorption with a 5A for purification. The results of the experiment indicate that the utilization of 5A for adsorption can lead to a remarkable removal efficiency of Lu, reaching an impressive rate of 99.70%. Consequently, when combined with electrolytic reduction, the overall extraction rate of Lu is significantly enhanced to a remarkable 99.98%. Finally, experiments on the coexistence of rare earth elements were conducted, revealing a significant removal rate for Y, Ho, Tm, Yb, and Lu. This study presents innovative solutions for effectively utilizing waste salt in the nuclear fuel cycle.

An Optimization Design of Energy Consumption for Aluminum Smelting Based on a Multi-Objective Artificial Vulture Algorithm

In the process of regenerative aluminum smelting, the temperature of the furnace needs to be maintained between 700 and 850 by adjusting the setting parameters of the smelting furnace. The setting parameters are usually adjusted by manual work, and inaccuracies in manual operation can lead to wasted energy as well as unstable temperatures. Energy consumption and temperature stability are two conflicting objectives, which are difficult to find optimal parameters for the aluminum smelting process. In this paper, an improved multi-objective artificial vulture algorithm (IMOAVOA) is developed to solve a multi-objective problem of energy consumption and temperature deviations in the regenerative aluminum smelting process. The dynamic switching–elimination mechanism based on crowding distance is proposed to maintain the archive, which enhances the diversity of solutions by dynamically switching the operation space for deleting redundant solutions in the archive and dynamically deleting the solution with the smallest crowding distance in the operation space. The multi-directional leader selection mechanism is developed to select better leaders. To improve the convergence of the algorithm, the bounce strategy is introduced in the IMOAVOA. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by UF1-UF10, kursawe, Viennet2, Viennet3, ZDT1-ZDT6, DTLZ4, and DTLZ6 test functions with several multi-objective algorithms. The experimental results indicate that IMOAVOA outperforms the original algorithm and three other multi-objective algorithms in terms of the algorithm convergence, the Pareto front coverage, and the solution diversity. Finally, the proposed algorithm is tested in an application case of regenerative aluminum smelting process. The results show that the optimal parameters for the aluminum smelting process using the proposed algorithm can reduce the consumption while meeting the objective of furnace temperature.

Targeting aldolase A in hepatocellular carcinoma leads to imbalanced glycolysis and energy stress due to uncontrolled FBP accumulation.

Increased glycolytic flux is a hallmark of cancer; however, an increasing body of evidence indicates that glycolytic ATP production may be dispensable in cancer, as metabolic plasticity allows cancer cells to readily adapt to disruption of glycolysis by increasing ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation. Using functional genomic screening, we show here that liver cancer cells show a unique sensitivity toward aldolase A (ALDOA) depletion. Targeting glycolysis by disrupting the catalytic activity of ALDOA led to severe energy stress and cell cycle arrest in murine and human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. With a combination of metabolic flux analysis, metabolomics, stable-isotope tracing and mathematical modelling, we demonstrate that inhibiting ALDOA induced a state of imbalanced glycolysis in which the investment phase outpaced the payoff phase. Targeting ALDOA effectively converted glycolysis from an energy producing into an energy-consuming process. Moreover, we found that depletion of ALDOA extended survival and reduced cancer cell proliferation in an animal model of hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, our findings indicate that induction of imbalanced glycolysis by targeting ALDOA presents a unique opportunity to overcome the inherent metabolic plasticity of cancer cells.

Low-Waste Technology for High-Precision Connecting Rod Forging Manufacturing.

This study refers to the application of an advanced tool in the form of numerical modelling in order to develop a low-waste hot die forging technology to produce a connecting rod forging. The technology aims at ensuring a limited amount of the charge material is necessary to produce one forging, as well as minimizing forging forces, and thus the electric energy consumption. The study includes a verification of the current production technology, which constituted the basis for the construction and development of a numerical model. A new construction of the forging tools was developed, with an additional pre-roughing pass (0X). The new process consists of die forging in the pre-roughing pass (0X), the roughing pass (1X) and the finishing impression (2X). Numerical modelling was subsequently conducted with the use of the Forge 3.0 NxT software. A detailed analysis was conducted on the accuracy of the tool impression filling (including the pre-roughing pass) by the deformed material, the distribution of temperatures for the forgings and the plastic deformations, as well as the courses of forging forces and energy. The results were verified under industrial conditions and compared with the forgings obtained in the previous technology (a roughing pass and a finishing impression). As a result of introducing the pre-roughing pass 0X, the forces were distributed between three impressions, including the especially developed pre-roughing pass. It was confirmed that the abovementioned changes in terms of forging tool construction had a positive effect on relieving the roughing pass and the finishing impression as well as limiting the charge material, and they also lowered the process energy consumption by 10%. This study also validated the relevance of using FE modelling to verify processes under virtual conditions before being implemented under industrial conditions. Therefore, the proposed approach based on multi-variant numerical simulations can be successfully used to improve other manufacturing processes in terms of reducing energy and material consumption and increasing tool service life.

Greenhouse gas emissions from dry season rice irrigation in Bangladesh

Pumping groundwater for irrigation in Bangladesh is a major energy-consuming process and mostly depends on diesel fuel, which is related to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. But that issue has not yet been addressed in Bangladesh. `In this study, we have estimated GHG emissions for dry season (DS) irrigated rice considering all irrigation devices with their lifting heads, area coverage, and water sources (surface and groundwater) and power sources (diesel and electricity) during 2019–2020. GHG emissions varied with locations, sources of irrigation, fuel and water sources used. Irrigation water driven GHG emission in Bangladesh is about 2.27 million tons (Mt) CO2e DS−1, which is about only 4% of agricultural sector GHG emission. Groundwater pumps contributed the lion shares (2.04 Mt CO2e DS−1), and surface water pumps contributed only 0.23 Mt CO2e DS−1. Based on the GHG emissions, Rajshahi Division is the main hotspot followed by Rangpur and Mymensingh Divisions, because of intensive groundwater used in these areas. Current deep tubewells (DTWs), shallow tubewells (STWs) and low lift pumps (LLPs) area coverage is about 19.2%, 56.8% and 24.0% of the total cultivable areas of the country; but it contributes about 49.1%, 40.6% and 10.3% of emitted GHG, respectively. The results revealed that withdrawal of groundwater is an important source of GHG emission. Therefore, expansion of surface water irrigation facilities with the adoption of different improved distribution systems, water and energy saving technologies like alternate wetting and drying practices, conservation agriculture along with water use-efficient varieties for rice cultivation can be promoted for reducing GHG emission.

Improving the energy efficiency of a galvanic area with a small-scale nature of production

The article considers the problems of energy efficiency of the galvanic section of an industrial enterprise with a small-scale production nature. An analysis of the energy resources consumed by the galvanic section is carried out. The galvanic bath load factors are determined for the section as a whole and for each metal coating application operation separately. The reason for the low energy efficiency of the section's heat supply associated with the uneven equipment load is revealed, due to the impossibility of regulating the consumption of thermal energy with a centralized steam supply. An energy balance of heat supply for the technological process of galvanic application of metal coatings is compiled for two operating modes of the process equipment: bringing to the mode and maintaining the mode. The energy costs required for heating the galvanic baths to the nominal temperatures regulated by the technology of the metal coating application process and the energy costs required to stabilize the temperature mode of the electrolysis process are determined, taking into account the nomenclature of the processed parts, the duration of the working cycle, the required thickness and physical characteristics of the galvanic coating. The article considers options for decentralized heat supply of galvanic baths taking into account process temperatures, load factors and the sequence of metal coating application operations. It defines a rational method for organizing uneven loading of galvanic baths and process energy consumption during decentralized heat supply of the production area. It establishes an acceptable level of efficiency reduction of industrial serial heat sources with increased uneven loading of process equipment. It proposes a method for utilizing unclaimed process heat in the hot water supply system in order to stabilize the efficiency of heat supply sources at a level close to the nominal one. It defines the economic effect of utilizing unclaimed process heat for the needs of hot water supply and heating of the galvanic area.

Toxic Effects of Butanol in the Plane of the Cell Membrane.

Solvent toxicity limits n-butanol fermentation titer, increasing the cost and energy consumption for subsequent separation processes and making biobased production more expensive and energy-intensive than petrochemical approaches. Amphiphilic solvents such as n-butanol partition into the cell membrane of fermenting microorganisms, thinning the transverse structure, and eventually causing a loss of membrane potential and cell death. In this work, we demonstrate the deleterious effects of n-butanol partitioning upon the lateral dimension of the membrane structure, called membrane domains or lipid rafts. Lipid rafts are regions of the cell membrane enriched with certain lipids, providing a reservoir of high melting temperature lipids and a platform for membrane protein partitioning and oligomerization. Neutron scattering experiments and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that n-butanol increased the size of the lipid domains in a model membrane system. The data showed that n-butanol partitions more into the disordered lipid regions than into the raft-like phase, leading to a differential thinning of these coexisting phases in the plane of the membrane and increasing the hydrophobic mismatch. The resulting increase in line tension at the interface favors domain coalescence to minimize the ratio of the interfacial length to domain area. A detailed computational investigation of the lipid domain interface identifies the boundary as a site of membrane disorder and thinning due to an accumulation of n-butanol. Solvent-induced changes to domain morphology and membrane instability at the domain interface are unrecognized modes of solvent-induced stress to fermenting microbes, representing targets for new solvent tolerance strategies to increase the n-butanol titer.

How Structure and Hydrostatic Pressure Impact Excited-State Properties of Organic Room-Temperature Phosphorescence Molecules: A Theoretical Perspective.

Organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) emitters with long lifetimes, high exciton utilizations, and tunable emission properties show promising applications in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and biomedical fields. Their excited-state properties are highly related to single molecular structure, aggregation morphology, and external stimulus (such as hydrostatic pressure effect). To gain a deeper understanding and effectively regulate the key factors of luminescent efficiency and lifetime for RTP emitters, we employ the thermal vibration correlation function (TVCF) theory coupled with quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations to investigate the photophysical properties of three reported RTP crystals (Bp-OEt, Xan-OEt, and Xan-OMe) with elastic/plastic deformation. By analyzing the geometric structures and stacking modes of these crystals, we observe that the geometric structure variations influence the electronic structures, subsequently modifying the transition properties and the energy consumption processes. Specifically, the presence of strong π-π interactions and hydrogen bonds in the Xan-OEt crystal inhibits a nonradiative decay process, thereby realizing long-lived emission. Additionally, the hybridized local and charge-transfer (HLCT) excited-state feature with the largest charge transfer excitation contributions (57.74%) for Xan-OEt stabilizes the triplet excitons and facilitates the radiative decay process, ultimately achieving high efficiency and long lifetime emissions. Furthermore, by applying high hydrostatic pressure for the Bp-OEt crystal, the RTP emission efficiencies and lifetimes are enhanced and blue-shifted. All of these results demonstrate the crucial role of molecular structure and stacking modes as well as the hydrostatic pressure effect in regulating RTP properties. Thus, our findings reveal the structure-packing-property relationship and highlight the control of molecular packing and the related tunable approaches, which could provide prospective strategies for constructing stimuli-responsive RTP emitters in practical applications.

Investigation of the steady regimes in a cross-shaped reactor by particle image velocimetry

In the chemical engineering area, impinging flow plays a significant role in process intensification and energy consumption reduction. Thoroughly revealing the formation and evolution of vortices within the reactor has emerged as a crucial scientific issue. This paper systematically studies the steady-state flow at low Re (1 ≤ Re ≤ 200, where Re is the Reynolds number) in a cross-shaped reactor by particle image velocimetry technology. The evolution, distribution, and intensity characteristics of vortices in the reactor chamber are focused on. We show that at 55 ≤ Re ≤ 120, the distribution of vorticity and shear rate in the chamber show unimodal and bimodal patterns, respectively, and the center of the chamber is a local area with high vorticity and low shear. In contrast, for 120 < Re ≤ 200, the distribution of vorticity turns into a bimodal pattern, and the shear rate develops into a trimodal pattern. The center of the chamber constitutes a local area characterized by low vorticity and high shear. Additionally, based on the modified monopole vortex model, the distributions of vorticity and velocity of vortices in the steady engulfment flow are accurately depicted.

INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE PROCESS OF SEPARATING LINTERS FROM COTTON SEEDS

Analysis of the studies conducted by domestic and foreign academic researchers to improve the lint separation process shows that the existing lint separation machines have high energy consumption and low process efficiency. The main reason for these shortcomings is the high coefficient of friction of the working surfaces of the lint separation machines that come into contact with the raw materials, and the rapid corrosion of the working surfaces is the cause of these problems. Especially in the autumn and spring months with high air humidity, the working surfaces are quickly corroded, causing a sharp increase in the coefficient of friction between the surface and the seed mass. This study focuses on the effect of the coefficient of friction on the parameters of the lint separation process and its reduction.

Research on the Carbon Footprint Impact of Using Individual Plastic Bottles in Orienteering Events in China

Global warming is nowadays seriously affecting people’s production and life and causing great harm to the natural environment. The main cause of global warming is the greenhouse effect, which is due to the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. As a measure of an activity’s contribution to global warming, the calculation of carbon footprint is essential. In China orienteering events, single-use bottled water is widely used as post-race supplies, which generates a large amount of carbon emissions and carbon footprint. However, although bottled water is convenient, this consumption is still unnecessary, since there are other efficient alternatives. In this paper, the author discusses the possibility of changing the water supply strategy and method for orienteering events in China. Comparing the basic information and carbon footprint results produced by bottled water, barrel water and tap water, the author concludes that plastic materials required for barrel water are much less than bottled water since bottles own larger surface area than barrels when containing same amount of water. The author also summarizes that single-use bottled water system produces much more carbon footprints than municipal tap water system does due to the former one’s more complex and energy consuming process. In conclusion, the author considers that replacing single-use bottled water with barrel water and recycled cups or tap water is promising and has great benefits for the environment.

Minimizing Process Water and Energy Consumption in Styrene Production by Ethylbenzene Dehydrogenation

Styrene is a crucial unsaturated aromatic monomer with a wide range of industrial applications. Styrene production faces several problems where the water supply and energy usage are keep increasing. Process modifications were implemented to minimize process water and to optimize the energy consumption. The modification uses Aspen HYSYS simulation by replacing coolers and heaters with heat exchanger and implementing water recycling system. Aspen HYSYS simulations show these changes reduce water usage by 89.8% and significantly decrease energy consumption up to 54.69%. This modification shows the water and energy usage have been significantly reduced than the basic process. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by Universitas Diponegoro and BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Hydrogen Bond "Double-Edged Sword Effect" on Organic Room-Temperature Phosphorescence Properties: A Theoretical Perspective.

The strategy of designing efficient room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) emitters based on hydrogen bond interactions has attracted great attention in recent years. However, the regulation mechanism of the hydrogen bond on the RTP property remains unclear, and corresponding theoretical investigations are highly desired. Herein, the structure-property relationship and the internal mechanism of the hydrogen bond effect in regulating the RTP property are studied through the combination of quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics methods (QM/MM) coupled with the thermal vibration correlation function method. Intermolecular interactions, excited-state transition properties, reorganization energies, radiative and nonradiative decay rates, and the intersystem crossing rates are analyzed in detail. Results show that intermolecular hydrogen bonds can effectively delocalize molecular orbitals, enhance spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effect, and thus accelerate intersystem crossing (ISC) processes. In addition, an intermolecular hydrogen bond can also suppress nonradiative transition by restricting molecular motion, thereby promoting generation of phosphorescence. However, an excessively enhanced intermolecular hydrogen bond effect promotes molecular vibrations, leading to increased reorganization energies and thus facilitating nonradiative energy consumption process. The hydrogen bond "double-edged sword" effect on RTP properties and nonradiative decay process is theoretically revealed. Therefore, reasonable control of the hydrogen bond strength is beneficial for the development of efficient RTP emitters. Our research provides rational explanations for previous measurements and highlights the hydrogen bond effect in constructing efficient RTP emitters.

STUDY OF EXPRESSING OF OIL-CONTAINING RAW MATERIALS ON A SCREW PRESS

The object of the research is the technological process of pressing oil from oil-containing raw materials with a laboratory screw oil press OR-600M. An analysis of scientific and technical information on obtaining oil by mechanical pressing was carried out. Vegetable oil is a food product that is in great demand among people. Unrefined cold-pressed first-pressed oils were obtained from ten types of oilseeds: sunflower, sesame, peanut, mustard, pumpkin, rye, flax, hemp, rapeseed, corn. The oils obtained by the cold pressing method are characterized by low peroxide and acid values and are suitable for food consumption while preserving their valuable quality. It was analyzed that the oil content of the studied raw materials is at least 12 % for corn germs, and the maximum oil yield is 54 % for sunflower. The productivity of the screw oil press was determined experimentally and the minimum productivity of the press was established, which is 401 g/h for corn germs, and the maximum productivity for sunflower is 1522 g/h. The quantitative content of oil in oil-containing raw materials was calculated and determined: the minimum yield of oil is 10,12 % for corn germs, the maximum yield of oil is 50,74 % for sunflower. It was also found that with an increase in the productivity of the screw press, the output of oil increases. The main features of using the press are characterized, including the simplicity of the technological equipment, low energy consumption of the technological process of pressing, requirements for a small area of use. The ratio of fatty acids in the studied oils was substantiated and it was found that the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids, the consumption of which contributes to strengthening human health, prevails. The obtained results of the research of the range of oil raw materials on the screw press are expedient to use in the production technology of vegetable oils of increased biological value, dietary supplements and cosmetics.