Energy Conservation System Research Articles

Research on Improvement of China’s Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Legal System under the Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality Background

Research on Improvement of China’s Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Legal System under the Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality Background

Insights into the evolutionary and ecological adaption strategies of nirS- and nirK-type denitrifying communities.

Denitrification is a crucial process in the global nitrogen cycle, in which two functionally equivalent genes, nirS and nirK, catalyse the critical reaction and are usually used as marker genes. The nirK gene can function independently, whereas nirS requires additional genes to encode nitrite reductase and is more sensitive to environmental factors than nirK. However, the ecological differentiation mechanisms of those denitrifying microbial communities and their adaptation strategies to environmental stresses remain unclear. Here, we conducted metagenomic analysis for sediments and bioreactor samples from Lake Donghu, China. We found that nirS-type denitrifying communities had a significantly lower horizontal gene transfer frequency than that of nirK-type denitrifying communities, and nirS gene phylogeny was more congruent with taxonomy than that of nirK gene. Metabolic reconstruction of metagenome-assembled genomes further revealed that nirS-type denitrifying communities have robust metabolic systems for energy conservation, enabling them to survive under environmental stresses. Nevertheless, nirK-type denitrifying communities seemed to adapt to oxygen-limited environments with the ability to utilize various carbon and nitrogen compounds. Thus, this study provides novel insights into the ecological differentiation mechanism of nirS and nirK-type denitrifying communities, as well as the regulation of the global nitrogen cycle and greenhouse gas emissions.

Design and Fabrication of Energy Conservation System using Fly Wheel

The aim of this project is to design and manufacture an energy conservative system using flywheel and to analyze the input and output characteristics of the designed system. Using the principle of conservation of energy the system, it recovers energy from the input, producing enough energy to reach the installed project and producing additional energy to power the external electricity to be used. Design and analyze energy conservative systems using flywheel for this project, the continuity of kinetic energy is proportional to its mass density of flywheel. This huge kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy according to Lee Tseung's theory that controls the production of electrical energy. The system can be used as a backup power source to equipment used to provide electricity in case of a power outage, providing uninterrupted power supply. It can be used as an energy storage device for renewable energy sources. However, the proposed project cannot operate for a long time due to the high energy consumption in the fault zone. Finally, significant losses occur in the entire system, such as air friction losses and mechanical losses, which reduce efficiency.

Evaluation of upper-room ultraviolet germicidal irradiation system for air disinfection and energy conservation in multi-patient ward

High occupancy rates significantly increase the risk of airborne transmission of respiratory infectious diseases in multi-patient wards. While increasing air supply can effectively reduce airborne transmission, it also substantially raises energy consumption. Therefore, developing low-energy methods in multi-patient wards to suppress airborne transmission is essential. This study aims to evaluate the inactivation performance of upper-room ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) against SARS-CoV-2 virus aerosols in a typical multi-patient ward using computational fluid dynamics at different ventilation rates, as well as its energy-saving effects. Upper-room UVGI reduced the virus aerosol concentrations, with a maximum decrease of up to 159 copies/m3 in the occupied zone (zone less than 2.1 m in height) observed at 8 ACH. However, increased ventilation rates limited the inactivation performance of upper-room UVGI. Two parameters of UVGI, irradiation height and irradiation flux, had been detailly evaluated. Elevating the irradiation height of upper-room UVGI could significantly enhance the inactivation performance. Increasing irradiation height from 0.3 to 0.6 m reduced the concentrations in the occupied zone by up to 11 copies/m3, while a further increase to 0.9 m decreased the concentrations by up to 55 copies/m3. However, increasing irradiation flux could only approximately linearly enhance the virus aerosol inactivation performance of upper-room UVGI. The energy consumption evaluation of upper-room UVGI shows that UVGI activation could conserve 100 kWh per year in one multi-patient ward, with a maximum saving of 333.7 kWh. These findings provide insights into the setups strategies and the energy-saving performance of upper-room UVGI systems in multi-patient wards.

Implementation of Sensor based Energy Conservation System for College Library

Abstract: The lighting libraries and maintaining fans and lights need an extensive amount of energy in the majority of educational establishments. Nevertheless, this may lead to more expenses and wasteful energy use. We have created an improved lighting control system to solve this problem and reduce energy consumption during daylight and vacant hours. This system makes sure that the library's light connections and fans stay off while no students are present and turn on automatically when they do. For the purpose of managing the automated lighting system, we created an integrated module. The contrast of the library is determined as well with an LDR sensor

Development of a Home Energy Conservation System Using Power Saving Modes

Energy conservation has become more and more popular in recent years, both on the supply and demand sides. This is sponsored majorly by the rising price of energy production affecting both residential homes and industrial sectors. This project proposes a home energy conservation system using three different energy saving modes such as free, normal and extreme modes of operation. Energy was save based on mode of operation using different parameter as the limiting factors that include time, temperature and current respectively. The system comprises of temperature sensor, motion sensor, current sensor, real time clock, 4x4 keypad, LCD screen and an Arduino microcontroller. The Free mode makes use of time limiting factor to alter the time on and off of output, the Normal mode makes use of temperature sensor and motion sensor to regulate the outputs and the Extreme mode males use of current limiting capability to regulate outputs. The project was designed with the proteus software, while the programming was done on the Arduino IDE software. Result of this project shows the system can help conserve up to 45% energy depending on user’s preference.

Energy Budgeting and Efficiency Analysis of Organic Cotton: A DEA Approach

Background: Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is crop of economic importance in global and national scale. India is the greatest producer of quality cotton, the third largest exporter and the second largest consumer. Conventional cotton farming creates environmental pressures and negative impact on public health. Organic farming is the sustainability option in cotton production. Cotton is the energy intensive crop, which uses high amount of input energy to produce seed cotton. Hence, energy budgeting is highly essential for better energy utilization and resource conservation and also measuring the input use efficiency of a farm/agronomic practices is vitally important in present day Indian agriculture. Methods: Sensing the economic importance of cotton, ten number of eco-friendly, ecologically safe organic nutrient management (ONM) practices were framed and field experiment was conducted in split plot design with two main plots (M) and five subplots (S) and replicated thrice. The direct and indirect energy used in different ONM practices were computed and energy coefficients were computed from energy equivalents and that has been used as inputs to generate efficiency coefficients by using an input oriented DEA approach. Result: Energy budgeting on field operation basis reported that, the field preparation and irrigation operation uses most of the energy (in non-renewable forms) which needs attention and there is the scope to find alternative energy conservation systems. Results on input use efficiency reported that the ONM practice, double green manuring followed by cotton and application of well decomposed poultry manure and foliar application of fermented fish extract at 5% concentration at 25 and 35 DAS are 100% efficient in terms of technical CRS, technical VRS, scale, allocative and cost efficiencies. This organic nutrient management practice would produce optimum output from the least amount of input and would be ideal for sustainable cotton production.

Study on influence factors and control optimizations of sewage sludge drying and incineration system for energy conservation

Study on influence factors and control optimizations of sewage sludge drying and incineration system for energy conservation

Theoretical Framework and Research Proposal for Energy Utilization, Conservation, Production, and Intelligent Systems in Tropical Island Zero-Carbon Building

This study aims to theoretically explore the technological systems of tropical island zero-carbon building (TIZCB) to scientifically understand the characteristics of these buildings in terms of energy utilization, energy conservation, energy production, and intelligent system mechanisms. The purpose is to address the inefficiencies and resource wastage caused by the traditional segmented approach to building energy consumption management. Thus, it seeks to achieve a comprehensive understanding and application of the zero-carbon building (ZCB) technology system. This article focuses on the demands for energy-efficient comfort and innovative industrialization in construction. Through an analysis of the characteristics of TIZCB and an explanation of their concepts, it establishes a theoretical framework for examining the system mechanisms of these buildings. Additionally, it delves into the energy utilization, energy conservation, energy production, and intelligent system from macro, meso, and micro perspectives. This approach results in the development of an implementation strategy for studying the mechanisms of energy usage, conservation, and intelligent production systems in TIZCB. The results show that: (1) this study delves into the theoretical underpinnings of TIZCB, emphasizing their evolution from a foundation of low-carbon and near-zero energy consumption. The primary goal is to achieve zero carbon emissions during building operation, with reliance on renewable energy sources. Design considerations prioritize adaptation to high-temperature and high-humidity conditions, integrating regional culture along with the utilization of new materials and technologies. (2) A comprehensive technical framework for TIZCB is proposed, encompassing energy utilization, conservation, production capacity, and intelligent systems. Drawing from systems theory, control theory, and synergy theory, the research employs a macro–meso–micro analytical framework, offering extensive theoretical support for the practical aspects of design and optimization. (3) The research implementation plan establishes parameterized models, unveiling the intricate relationships with building performance. It provides optimized intelligent system design parameters for economically viable zero-carbon operations. This study contributes theoretical and practical support for the sustainable development of TIZCB and aligns with the dual carbon strategy in China and the clean energy free trade zone construction in Hainan.

A study of home energy management considering carbon quota

The household energy management system (HEMS) has become an important system for energy conservation and emission reduction. In this study, home energy management considering carbon quota has been established. Firstly, the household photovoltaic output model, load model of various electrical appliances, battery load model, and charging and discharging of electric vehicles (EVs) model are established. Secondly, the carbon emission and carbon quota of household appliances and EVs are considered in these models. Thirdly, the energy optimization model of minimum the household user’s total comprehensive operation cost with the minimum total electricity consumption, carbon trading cost, battery degradation cost, and carbon quota income are proposed, taking into account constraints such as the comfort of users’ energy use time. Subsequently, the improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) algorithm is used to tackle the problem. Compared to the standard particle swarm optimization (PSO), the IPSO has significantly improved the optimization effect. By comparing the optimization results in different scenarios, the effectiveness of the strategy is verified, and the influence of different carbon trading prices on optimal energy scheduling has been analyzed. The result shows that the comprehensive consideration of carbon trading cost and total electricity cost can reduce the household carbon emissions and the total electricity cost of the household user. By increasing the carbon trading price, the user’s carbon trading income and the EV carbon quota income increase, and the overall operating cost decreases; the guidance and regulation of carbon trading price can make a valuable contribution to HEMS optimization. Compared to the original situation, the household carbon emissions are reduced by 14.58 kg, a decrease of over 21.47%, while the total comprehensive operation cost are reduced by 14.12%. Carbon quota trading can guide household users to use electricity reasonably, reducing household carbon emissions and the total cost of household electricity.

Key Issues and Solutions in the Study of Quantitative Mechanisms for Tropical Islands Zero Carbon Buildings

Faced with the challenges of global climate change, zero-carbon buildings (ZCB) serve as a crucial means to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, particularly in the development of tropical island regions. This study aims to establish a ZCB technology system suitable for the unique climatic conditions of tropical islands. By employing methods such as energy flow boundaries, parametric design, and data-driven optimization algorithms, the research systematically analyzes the integrated mechanisms and optimization solutions for energy utilization, energy conservation, energy production, and intelligent systems. The study identifies and addresses key technical challenges faced by ZCB in tropical island regions, including the accurate identification of system design parameters, the precise quantification of the relationship between design parameters and building performance, and the comprehensive optimization of technical and economic goals for zero-carbon operational design solutions. The research results not only provide a comprehensive theoretical framework, promoting the development of architectural design theory, but also establish a practical framework for technology and methods, advancing the integration and application of ZCB technology. The study holds significant practical implications for the green transformation of the tropical island construction industry and the realization of national dual-carbon strategic goals. Future research should further explore the applicability of the technology system and the economic feasibility of optimized design solutions, promoting continuous innovation and development in ZCB technology.

Analysis of Vaporizer Effect for Accelerated Heat Dissipation of Car Air Conditioner (AC)- An Experimental Study on Gas-Fueled Cars

It is a concrete effort today in realizing the concept of Low-Cost Green Car (LCGC) through the conversion of oil-fueled cars to the form of fuel gas. In the system (fuel system) gas car there is a vaporizer unit that functions to change the liquid phase to the gas phase while stabilizing it at a working pressure of ± 1.5-2 bar, thus the work of the vaporizer unit requires heat. On the other hand, the car’s AC system will dissipate heat through the condenser, where the performance of the cooling system will be better by accelerating the heat disposal in the condenser. This research aims to build an energy conservation system between the AC and Vaporizer systems using an efficient control valve model with the concept of rotation. With the application of this rotational valve system, it is expected that the control of hot fluid to the vaporizer is faster and faster. The results of data analysis showed enthalpy (h) refrigerant changes before and after the expansion valve/capillary pipe, down at 240 kJ/kg. COP increased slightly with efficiency figures rising by 0.03.

Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Potential Evaluation of a Coal Mine Based on Fuzzy Hierarchical Analysis

Due to the non-renewability of coal resources and the effect of excessive resource loss on the economic development of enterprises forming a constraint, breakthroughs in high energy consumption to achieve energy saving and emission reduction in coal mines represent an important way to promote the development of coal enterprises. This paper takes the energy-saving work of the Wuyang coal mine, which is very representative of China’s Shanxi Province, as an example, and uses hierarchical analysis to establish an assessment system for energy conservation and emission reduction in coal mines. We adopted on-site research, expert scoring, and project guidance to divide the factors affecting energy conservation and emission reduction in the Wuyang coal mine into 24 categories, and we then used fuzzy mathematical calculations to assess potential, which is of better practicability. The study shows that the grade of energy saving and emission reduction in the Wuyang coal mine is of a medium level, and the potential of energy saving and emission reduction is large. The main influencing factors are improving the recovery rate of refined coal, renovating pressurized filters, eliminating high-energy-consuming equipment, optimizing the parking process, replacing the flotation machine, and ensuring the intelligent management of power metering. According to the relevant factors derived from the energy-saving and emission reduction work at the Wuyang coal mine for implementing the relevant measures, we provide a reference for the work of energy saving and emission reduction in mines in order to promote the sustainable development of the coal mining industry.

Research on solar-driven interfacial evaporation regeneration performance of different solutions for liquid desiccant cooling system

Liquid desiccant cooling systems (LDCS) are promising air-conditioning systems for energy conservation in buildings. However, their development is limited by significant energy waste and low regeneration efficiency. To improve, a solar-driven interfacial evaporation (SDIE) regeneration method is proposed: adopting photothermal materials to locate heat at the regeneration interface can prevent heat loss into the bulk solution and enhance efficiency. The thermal efficiency of the new regeneration method is about 2.5 times that of the conventional regeneration method. The type of desiccant greatly influences the performance of SDIE, but its impact has not been fully studied yet. To select the best desiccant for optimization, different solutions have been investigated with theoretical analysis and experiments. Considering both regeneration performance and economic benefits, the influence of some key parameters has been revealed. The results show that LiBr has the best regeneration performance, but MgCl2 and CaCl2 are more economical. Mixed desiccant could be a better substitute, showing a good balance between performance and cost. It was found that mixing CaCl2 and MgCl2 solutions in an appropriate proportion is a very cost-effective selection. These advances could make LDCS based on SDIE a potential competitor for the future air-conditioning system.

Power Monitoring and control System Using IoT

Internet of things has been a great use in the modern world and the importance of IoT is increasing day by day. The wastage of energy is a very serious concern, and energy consumption of all our appliances are in huge level. So, proper usage of this resource is of immense important. And this increase in power requirement has pushed the researchers and industrialist to design low power systems with smart power management. In this paper, design of a smart system for energy conservation is proposed to reduce the energy consumption which is based on some distributed components like sensors, micro controller and google sheets. The smart power management system can monitor, measure and control electricity usage in real-time. With this proposed system, users can automatically and manually control the unwanted real-time electricity usage, which can also be viewed through graphical representation. Key words: - Sensors, IoT, Arduino IDE, ESP32, Google sheets, Power management system

Designing of an Enhanced Fuzzy Logic Controller of an Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator under Variable Wind Speed

On account of active governmental stimulation operations in many countries, the residential production of electricity from renewable resources has increased considerably. Due to high efficiency and reliability, a recommended solution for residential wind energy conservation systems (WECS) is permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG). A higher torque ripple (TR), engendered by the contact of the stator with the rotor's magnetomotive force harmonics, is one foremost issue in PMSGs. To control the synchronous generator, numerous control schemes have been proposed. However, it still faces a challenge in the diminishment of the TR. An enhanced fuzzy logic controller (EFLC) in interior PMSG (IPSMG) under variable wind speed (WS) has been proposed in this article to address this challenge. Initially, the wind turbine (WT) system was designed, and the IPMSG was proposed. A hysteresis controller (HC) and fuzzy logic controller (FLC) are the two controller types utilized in this model to control TR. This methodology used the EFLC to eliminate errors during the control. By using the proper membership function (MF) for boundary selection in the WDCSO algorithm, an enhancement was executed. Better performance in TR reduction was attained by the proposed model grounded in the analysis.

Intelligent management of industrial building energy saving based on artificial intelligence

In order to improve the efficiency of energy-saving management of industrial buildings, this paper combines artificial intelligence technology to analyze the intelligent energy-saving of industrial buildings, and reduces the energy consumption of industrial buildings through intelligent energy-saving management. Moreover, this paper analyzes the circuit structure design, work flow, and functional description of industrial energy-saving buildings to realize the control interface of electrical equipment, and explains the specific hardware design of energy consumption acquisition module and intelligent gateway. In addition, this paper uses the data collected by the hardware as the input to establish the impulse prediction model. Finally, this paper constructs an intelligent management system for industrial building energy conservation based on constraints and optimization conditions. The data analysis results show that the intelligent energy-saving management system of industrial buildings based on artificial intelligence constructed in this paper has good effects and can play an important role in the energy-saving management of industrial buildings.

Effect of carbon nanotube and microencapsulated phase change material utilization on the thermal energy storage performance in UV cured (photoinitiated) unsaturated polyester composites

The utilization of phase change materials in the synthesis of polyester is an economically viable approach for the production of polymer composites with remarkable thermal and mechanical characteristics, thereby facilitating thermal energy savings. This study manufactured a series of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR)/carbon nanotubes (CNT)/MPCM composites via mechanical mixing and ultrasonication processes and the produced composites were cured with ultraviolet (UV) curing technology. The unsaturated polyester resin was utilized as a support matrix, and to improve the thermal conductivity of MPCM-UPR composites, CNT were introduced into the matrix. This paper discusses the effect of CNT and MPCM on the mechanical, thermal, and thermal regulative performance of polyester composites. A 10 wt% incorporation of MPCM led to an almost 77 % and 15 % drop at Charpy impact strength and Shore D hardness values of reference UPR, respectively. Similarly, the introduction of substitution of 0.005 wt% of CNT reduced the impact strength of the specimen with 10 % MPCM by 31 %, while it increased the Shore D hardness by almost 5 %. Although the thermal conductivity of reference resin was reduced by 15 % with a 10 % addition of MPCM, CNT content increased the thermal conductivity values by almost 20 % regardless of MPCM concentration. The onset melting and freezing temperatures of MPCM were found to be 21.71 and 22.74 °C, respectively; while for the composites with and without CNT, this value ranged between 20.70 and 22.39 °C and 22.45–22.90 °C, respectively. Thermoregulation test results indicate that MPCM improved the thermal energy storage capacity of composites. The results of this research will be of great significance in order to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the thermal properties of polyesters with MPCM/CNT, thus allowing for the utilization of this material as a latent heat thermal energy storage system for energy conservation.

ALGORITHMIC APPROACH TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE USE OF BIOENERGY RESOURCES

This study is devoted to the use of an algorithmic approach to the development of the use of bioenergy resources. The purpose of the article is to describe the application of an algorithmic approach in the process of improving the use of bioenergy resources in the national energy conservation system. The authors characterize the stages of research on the development of the use of bioenergy resources in Uzbekistan. The proposed algorithmic approach can be applied to improve the use of bioenergy resources in the national energy conservation system. The use of an algorithmic approach makes it possible to create an information base for making sound management and technical decisions in the field of bioenergy development, to make a reasonable choice of priority bioresources at the regional and local levels; provides complexity in considering the needs for bioresources and the possibilities of meeting them.

Friction heat energy recovery system based on hydraulic brake system by wire of heavy vehicle

In order to reduce fuel consumption and environmental pollution, the author proposes a friction heat recovery system based on the hydraulic brake by wire system of heavy-duty vehicles, the system uses the heat energy generated by friction generate electricity, and stores the electric energy in the vehicle battery. This can provide power for the lighting equipment on the vehicle. The experimental results show that after using the recovery system, the braking energy consumption is reduced, and the fuel consumption is 10% less than before, which fully demonstrates the effectiveness of the recovery system for energy conservation, and proves that the heat energy recovery system can effectively reduce fuel consumption and reduce environmental pollution.