Energy Awareness Research Articles

Energy efficient routing for improving lifetime in MWSN: A clustering approach

A Mobile wireless sensor network (MWSN) consists of mobile sensor nodes, which can be deployed in any specific environment, and due to its’ mobility it can perform with rapid topological transformations of a network. The sensor nodes having limited battery power are used to collect specific data and this raw data is sent to a static sink node of the network. Under such a scenario, to avoid frequent disconnections due to topological change in the network and can avail more reliable data transmissions in energy awareness perspective, an energy efficient routing protocol for MWSNs to improve its lifetime is proposed here by utilizing a clustering approach. A MWSN with random number of sensor nodes are initially considered and then, clustering algorithm K-means is used to determine a predefined number of clusters with their initial cluster heads (CHs) and centroid locations of these clusters is also determined. The role of these CHs is to elect our DDBLACH (distance to sink and cluster centroid with battery level aware cluster head) nodes from each cluster, by sending and receiving intra-cluster messages among other member sensor nodes. A DDBLACH node is determined by using three factors, such as minimum distance from cluster centroid location, minimum distance from sink and the maximum battery level of the node from each cluster. These DDBLACH nodes are used to collect data from intra-cluster sensors and thereafter, send those towards sink node for further processing using tree-based hierarchical routes. Finally, an energy efficient routing technique for MWSNs is proposed for data transmission from DDBLACH nodes of clusters to sink of the network. Simulation results indicate the superiority of our proposed scheme over other existing methods in various aspects, such as improving more data packet transmission by 14%-23%, presence of alive nodes and subsequently average network lifetime by 5%-24%.

Interactive Cycles between Energy Education and Energy Preferences: A Literature Review on Empirical Evidence

The ultimate goal of energy education is to cultivate citizens with energy literacy, which in turn influences the energy preferences of the general public. Various aspects, such as teaching, practice, publicity, and participation, all profoundly impact the formation of energy literacy. This study reviews the role of energy education in educational policy-making, the operation of educational systems, the design of innovative energy industry environments, and public participation. Through a systematic review, this study integrates empirical research across various contexts and environments. The relevant topics of empirical research include ‘energy education’, ‘energy literacy’, ‘energy preferences’, ‘energy education policy’, ‘operation of energy education systems’, ‘creation of a renewable energy industry environment’, and ‘public participation’. These studies indicate that energy education can enhance participants’ awareness of energy through knowledge transfer, enabling them to adopt more effective energy solutions and cultivate citizens with energy literacy. Energy education not only shapes the public’s energy literacy but also further influences energy preferences, which in turn can have profound effects on social interactions, market outcomes, and political and social systems. Finally, from the perspectives of ‘educational shaping’ and ‘cultural shaping’, the research explores the impact of energy education on the energy environment and people’s values. The findings reveal that society gradually forms a consensus on energy through long-term interactions, establishing a unique energy culture that subsequently influences the direction and implementation of national energy policies. There exist interactive cycles between energy education and energy policy: energy education influences public energy preferences, while energy culture, in turn, affects policy formulation.

Energy Aware Technology Mapping of Genetic Logic Circuits.

Energy and its dissipation are fundamental to all living systems, including cells. Insufficient abundance of energy carriers─as caused by the additional burden of artificial genetic circuits─shifts a cell's priority to survival, also impairing the functionality of the genetic circuit. Moreover, recent works have shown the importance of energy expenditure in information transmission. Despite living organisms being non-equilibrium systems, non-equilibrium models capable of accounting for energy dissipation and non-equilibrium response curves are not yet employed in genetic design automation (GDA) software. To this end, we introduce Energy Aware Technology Mapping, the automated design of genetic logic circuits with respect to energy efficiency and functionality. The basis for this is an energy aware non-equilibrium steady state model of gene expression, capturing characteristics like energy dissipation─which we link to the entropy production rate─and transcriptional bursting, relevant to eukaryotes as well as prokaryotes. Our evaluation shows that a genetic logic circuit's functional performance and energy efficiency are disjoint optimization goals. For our benchmark, energy efficiency improves by 37.2% on average when comparing to functionally optimized variants. We discover a linear increase in energy expenditure and overall protein expression with the circuit size, where Energy Aware Technology Mapping allows for designing genetic logic circuits with the energetic costs of circuits that are one to two gates smaller. Structural variants improve this further, while results show the Pareto dominance among structures of a single Boolean function. By incorporating energy demand into the design, Energy Aware Technology Mapping enables energy efficiency by design. This extends current GDA tools and complements approaches coping with burden in vivo.

Empowering energy conservation: A prototype of household energy consumption monitoring based on Internet of Things

Abstract One of the obstacles to control household energy consumption is unavailability electricity instruments/tools to monitor electricity energy consumed by appliances causing a lack of awareness of household energy saving. Energy meter installed on buildings only show electricity consumption in total. This study aims to design and create a prototype system that can monitor and control the electrical appliances usage utilizing the Internet of Things (IoT)-based electronic devices where electricity usage data is stored in Firebase real-time database. The methods carried out are arranged in several stages, starting from data collection, design, configuration, and implementation. The tools used in this research will utilize the ESP8266 as the microcontroller, the PZEM-004T as current sensor and the Blynk as the web server. The tool will send current voltage (Volt (V)) and capacity (Watt (W)) data and then converted to energy and also the costs incurred from electricity usage based on the basic electricity tariff of National Electricity Company (PLN) and the results can be seen directly through IoT (i.e. smartphone, PC, laptop). The accuracy of power measurement by the system is 97.4% compared to measurement used by watt-checker. The results of this study show that an electrical power monitoring system makes people easier to monitor electrical power consumption by appliances used. The pilot measurement shows that a unit system can monitor electricity usage for four units of electronic equipment i.e. water pump, Television, fridge, electrical iron, rice cooker, etc. precisely and succeeded to control and increase energy saving awareness to reduce electricity consumption at the end.

Survey broach for clustering in wireless sensors protocols and types

Sensor network applications have become part of everyday life applications. Creating such networks needs to meet its own constraints, such as: the energy consumption, scalability, fault tolerance, estimated cost, and the possibility of changing the network topography and the environment. In this work, a survey on hierarchical routing protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) was performed. WSNs hold tiny nodes with ability of sensing, communications, and computation. Due to the power limitation of the sensor unit, several hierarchical routing protocols have been proposed for minimizing power exhaustion. Much research labor has been implemented to overcome weakness and to upgrade the performance of hierarchical routing protocols. So, a universal review is needed which can review latest technologies, construe functional and performance sides, and focus on issues and challenges of hierarchical routing protocol in WSNs. lastly, the paper focus on issues and challenges in current routing protocols of WSNs, which can aide in outlook research for election of appropriate research field and supply guidance in selection of energy awareness techniques in the design of improving energy of routing protocols for WSNs.

Energy Awareness, Energy Use, and Energy-Saving Opportunities in the Caribbean: The Island Curaçao as a Case Study

Energy Awareness, Energy Use, and Energy-Saving Opportunities in the Caribbean: The Island Curaçao as a Case Study

Using social network analysis to assess connections within climate and energy education organizations: A case study conducted by the Climate Literacy and Energy Awareness Network (CLEAN)

Climate change education (CCE) plays a critical role in climate empowerment and addressing the challenge of climate change. We present results from the first social network analysis of CCE in the U.S. We surveyed CCE professionals through an established CCE network and wide dissemination from CCE professionals about their interactions with others across 5 dimensions: (1) climate and energy education; (2) climate action, climate empowerment, or community engagement; (3) workforce development in the climate and energy field; (4) diversity, equity, inclusion, and anti-racism; and (5) climate or energy policy. The resulting network analysis shows some cohesiveness, especially for the first two dimensions; however, network cohesiveness could be improved. The findings also show the keystone organizations and brokers across the CCE field. This study provides a foundation for developing targeted strategies to strengthen CCE for improving coordinated and collaborative climate action.

Energy Aware Technology Mapping of Genetic Logic Circuits.

Energy and its dissipation are fundamental to all living systems, including cells. Insufficient abundance of energy carriers -as caused by the additional burden of artificial genetic circuits- shifts a cell's priority to survival, also impairing the functionality of the genetic circuit. Moreover, recent works have shown the importance of energy expenditure in information transmission. Despite living organisms being non-equilibrium systems, non-equilibrium models capable of accounting for energy dissipation and non-equilibrium response curves are not yet employed in genetic design automation (GDA) software. To this end, we introduce Energy Aware Technology Mapping, the automated design of genetic logic circuits with respect to energy efficiency and functionality. The basis for this is an energy aware non-equilibrium steady state (NESS) model of gene expression, capturing characteristics like energy dissipation -which we link to the entropy production rate- and transcriptional bursting, relevant to eukaryotes as well as prokaryotes. Our evaluation shows that a genetic logic circuit's functional performance and energy efficiency are disjoint optimization goals. For our benchmark, energy efficiency improves by 37.2% on average when comparing to functionally optimized variants. We discover a linear increase in energy expenditure and overall protein expression with the circuit size, where Energy Aware Technology Mapping allows for designing genetic logic circuits with the energy efficiency of circuits that are one to two gates smaller. Structural variants improve this further, while results show the Pareto dominance among structures of a single Boolean function. By incorporating energy demand into the design, Energy Aware Technology Mapping enables energy efficiency by design. This extends current GDA tools and complements approaches coping with burden in vivo.

Developing a web-based visualization tool for solar energy awareness in Malaysia

Developing a web-based visualization tool for solar energy awareness in Malaysia

A Blockchain and PKI-Based Secure Vehicle-to-Vehicle Energy-Trading Protocol

With the increasing awareness for sustainable future and green energy, the demand for electric vehicles (EVs) is growing rapidly, thus placing immense pressure on the energy grid. To alleviate this, local trading between EVs should be encouraged. In this paper, we propose a blockchain and public key infrastructure (PKI)-based secure vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) energy-trading protocol. A permissioned blockchain utilizing the proof of authority (PoA) consensus and smart contracts is used to securely store data. Encrypted communication is ensured through transport layer security (TLS), with PKI managing the necessary digital certificates and keys. A multi-leader, multi-follower Stackelberg game-based trade algorithm is formulated to determine the optimal energy demands, supplies, and prices. Finally, we propose a detailed communication protocol that ties all the components together, enabling smooth interaction between them. Key findings, such as system behavior and performance, scalability of the trade algorithm and the blockchain, smart contract execution costs, etc., are presented through numerical results by implementing and simulating the protocol in various scenarios. This work not only enhances local energy trading among EVs, encouraging efficient energy usage and reducing burden on the power grid, but also paves a way for future research in sustainable energy management.

Direct Effect of Interactive Mobile Learning Approach towards Renewable Energy on Children in Malaysia

Renewable energy (RE) is getting more attention in solving the escalating global warming issue. However, the community has not been sufficiently educated about this fact. Exposure to renewable energy technology in Malaysia, especially for children, is still lacking, leading to a lack of awareness on the importance of renewable energy. Besides, children’s lack of knowledge about renewable energy and lack of interest in the field of science became problems in this study. Therefore, this study on effect of usefulness, user friendly, quality and user acceptance toward mobile application approach in introducing knowledge of renewable energy. The main software in developing the RE application consist of five components, i.e. introduction, video, game, quiz and news. Testing was carried out on selected children to evaluate children’s satisfaction in terms of using the application in learning RE. A pilot study was conducted on 30 children and the application model was validated by three experts and evaluated for its effectiveness through quantitative studies. Then, the mobile apps were tested on 77 9-year-old children with a quantitative research method to assess the level of knowledge acceptance and awareness of renewable energy. Results indicate that the children’s knowledge of RE increased with the use of this RE mobile application because RE information is delivered in the form of images, audios, and videos. More than 98% of the respondents agree that the application helps in understanding RE. The mobile application also successfully attracted the children’s interest in RE innovation and increased their awareness on the importance of RE.

Regional Interferences to Photovoltaic Development: A Polish Perspective

The stability of energy generation is crucial for the functioning of every country. Currently, the EU policy is moving towards becoming independent of fossil energy sources, which can be replaced with sources that are not exhaustible, for example, energy from the sun. Public awareness of renewable energy is increasing. People are willing to invest in natural solutions. However, planning large photovoltaic farm projects is difficult due to complex location requirements. The study aimed to analyse the interferences/barriers to be considered when searching for a suitable location to install a photovoltaic farm. The analysis was conducted for the territory of Poland. The study used a literature and local legislation query and the Delphi method. The Delphi method identified the most important interferences from the investor’s perspective. Eleven interferences have been identified, classified into legal, spatial, technical, social, and financial groups. Several are locally determined and only exist in selected locations (e.g., technical determinants of the power grid condition, etc.). In contrast, others are unitary (e.g., concerns about the impact of PV on human health, etc.). The decision-makers are aware of the existing interferences/barriers, and the proposed administrative, legal, and technical solutions marginally mitigate barriers. System solutions are recommended, allowing an easier way to find a suitable location for a PV system.

Cross-national examination of facilitators and hindrances to the public acceptance of hydrogen refuelling facilities

Recognising the factors that shape the public acceptance of hydrogen refuelling facilities is essential for gaining social support for the widespread implementation of hydrogen infrastructure. This study applies a cross-national research perspective to investigate the public acceptance of hydrogen refuelling facilities using stated-preference survey data. Moreover, multidimensional explanatory variables encompassing hydrogen energy awareness levels, hydrogen refuelling station configurations, residential characteristics, car ownership and use, and sociodemographics are used to interpret public acceptance. The data revealed that 21.1 %, 45.5 %, and 31.5 % of the respondents in Japan, Spain, and Norway expressed support for such facilities near their residences, respectively. An important discovery was the validation of nonproportional odds in acceptance measurements across countries, which challenges the conventional assumptions of parallel regression and suggests that distinct behavioural determinants shape positive, negative, and neutral attitudes. Consequently, a generalised ordinal logistic regression approach was applied to identify the determinants of varying acceptance levels and mitigate the biases from nonproportional odds. In addition to identifying facilitators and hindrances, the results highlight several predictors with polarising effects. These findings provide public feedback for enhancing the planning of hydrogen infrastructure and offer potential pathways for hydrogen risk communication and policymaking.

The learning activities of RBL-STEM: Prototyping a water-powered lamp to enhance students' climate change literacy

Addressing climate change and the finite nature of fossil fuels necessitates proactive solutions, one of which is embedding climate change literacy within educational frameworks. This form of literacy aims to equip students with a comprehensive understanding of the concepts, causes, impacts, and potential solutions related to climate change. An educational approach that integrates these elements is the RBL-STEM learning model, particularly through the study of Renewable Energy. For instance, students engage in practical activities like constructing simple water-powered lights, which helps con textualize energy availability issues. This developmental research employed the 4D model to create and refine teaching modules, student worksheets (LKPD), and assessments for climate change literacy. The effectiveness of these materials was evaluated with a cohort of 25 fourth-grade students at SDN Tenggilis Mejoyo I in Surabaya. The findings indicated that the RBL-STEM learning resources related to Renewable Energy were well-designed, effective, and suitable for educational use. Importantly, they significantly enhanced the students' understanding and literacy regarding climate change, demonstrating the value of integrating hands-on, practical learning experiences in the curriculum to foster a deeper awareness and knowledge of renewable energy and climate-related issues.

Social acceptance and associated risks of geothermal energy development in East Africa: perspectives from geothermal energy developers

Abstract Social acceptance is a challenging aspect that affects the development of geothermal energy and such issues have been reported in many countries, such as Germany, Japan, Greece, and Kenya. In this study, we discuss the barriers to social acceptance and associated risks faced by geothermal energy developers in East Africa. We have conducted semi-structured interviews with international organizations (38.5%), public companies (38.5%), and private companies (23.1%). The interviews were qualitatively analysed using inductive content analysis. The key barriers identified by respondents were the lack of political, market, and community awareness; lack of local political support; lack of public funding; human resource shortages; involuntary resettlement; local cultural aspects; employment issues; and demographic change. The lack of awareness of geothermal energy affects public and private funding, and leads to negative risk perception by communities. Risks, such as air, soil, and water pollution, land acquisition, social exclusion, resource risks, and drilling and project costs, were considered important by our respondents. In this study, we emphasize the need for the following: raising awareness regarding geothermal energy; training professionals; implementing strong surface studies to reduce the risks associated with the exploration stage; and conducting environmental and social impact assessment reports to mitigate negative risks to local communities, while also ensuring their engagement and raising their awareness about the negative risks of geothermal energy.

Utilization of green internet of things (GIoT) applications towards sustainable performance: The antecedents and consequences of carbon footprint

This study aims to propose and investigate the key factors that predict the Utilization of Green Internet of Things (U-GIoT) applications by business organizations. This study will also look at the effect of using GIoT applications on energy efficiency and carbon footprint reduction, which in turn, contributes to the sustainable green performance. Therefore, value-belief-norm theory (VBN) was chosen as the theoretical basis for this study's conceptual model. Two constructs derived from VBN (i.e. biospheric value and ecological worldview) are suggested as key predictors for the use of GIoT applications. The conceptual model is extended by considering the role of green marketing orientation (GMO); green energy awareness; and energy knowledge/technical capabilities. The current model also suggests that the utilization of GIoT applications would impact both energy efficiency and carbon footprint reduction. Online questionnaires are used to gather data from a purposive sample (n = 500) of managers and employees at different levels in different service organizations. Statistical results show strong evidence demonstrating the significant effect of biospheric value; ecological worldview; green marketing orientation (GMO); and energy knowledge/technical capabilities with GIoT. This study presents a valuable contribution that helps researchers; policy-makers, and practitioners to identify and understand the most important antecedents and consequences of U-GIoT. It is also worth noting for future studies looking at different applications of pro-environmental behaviour such as sustainable practices, green mobility and transportation, paperless work; recycling; reducing waste levels; and smart green solar. Policy-makers, decision-makers, practitioners and specialists in green energy systems (i.e. GIoT) will be able to use this information for future improvement.

ФОРМУВАННЯ ТА ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ СВІТОВОГО ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНОГО РИНКУ: ЕКОНОМІЧНІ ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ

The article examines the development of the world energy sector. It identifies new trends that are determined by the growth of integration processes, intensification of inter-fuel competition in the energy market, progress in the application of advanced technologies, production of new energy resources, the emergence of routes formed to establish a more successful mechanism for their transportation, and increased energy awareness. The article also notes that current trends are aimed at making electricity not only economically affordable but also environmentally friendly. A significant increase in electricity production in 2023 was observed, which led to an increase in carbon dioxide emissions both in the global electricity sector and in individual countries. Based on an analysis of the dynamics of global energy supply, the author identifies an increase in renewable energy sources (wind, solar, etc.) compared to previous years. It is shown that many countries, seeking to ensure energy security, make nuclear energy an important part of their energy strategies. Notwithstanding the fact that some countries are gradually abandoning nuclear power or decommissioning plants ahead of schedule, it is predicted that nuclear generation will grow by an average of almost 3% per year until 2026. The global energy market is influenced by a multitude of factors, both primary and secondary, which collectively aim to guarantee the stability and reliability of the energy supply system. These factors also serve to determine the extent to which a country can be considered to have achieved an adequate level of energy security. The energy sector in Ukraine, which is particularly vulnerable due to the introduction of martial law in the country since February 2022, is therefore susceptible to fluctuations in the global energy market.

Home-personas meet energy narratives of demand response: Uncovering mismatches between Swedish stakeholder expectations and everyday life

Smart grids are proposed to enable the integration of renewables and facilitate the energy transition. Households have been pointed out as a significant resource for demand response, that is to adapt their electricity consumption based on the status in the grid. This article analyses narrative mismatches in the context of smart grid implementation in Sweden. We compare policy narratives on the role of homes in the future energy system with home personas, emerging from interviews with households. The policy narratives envision households to become either actively engaged in time-shifting motivated by information and incentives, or bypassed through automation. The home personas, although seemingly similar, show great diversity, being well informed about their electricity use, concerned regarding the safety of technology, preferring to manage flexibility themselves, and reluctant to give up control. Several dissonances are identified between narratives and the home personas regarding smart meter communication, energy awareness, trust, agency, and control, that need further attention for demand response to be realised. The analysis illustrates how policy visions of the home in the future grid would encounter severe challenges in living up to values and characteristics of real households. Policy thus needs to acknowledge households as a diverse group to ensure a sustainable and democratic energy transition. We encourage the use of home personas to substantiate this diversity.

Impact of Economic Awareness on Sustainable Energy Consumption: Results of Research in a Segment of Polish Households

This manuscript explores the relationship between the economic awareness (as a part of energy awareness) of Polish households and their sustainable energy consumption practices. Sustainable consumption is measured by the frequency of behaviors such as turning off electrical devices when not in use, removing mobile device chargers from sockets, switching off lights when leaving a room, preferring showers over baths, using washing machines and dishwashers only when full, and purchasing energy-efficient appliances and light bulbs. Economic awareness is gauged through variables such as knowledge of electricity tariffs, understanding of electric bill components, awareness of electricity prices, exact knowledge of electricity expenses, electricity usage in kWh, knowledge of effective energy-saving methods, and familiarity with the energy efficiency classes of appliances and light bulbs. This study presents profiles of households with high and low economic awareness regarding their electricity expenditures and examines how these profiles differ in their sustainable energy consumption behaviors. This research is based on a survey of 1407 Polish households conducted online in 2023. Data collected from the survey were subjected to statistical analysis and are presented in tables and graphs. The findings are discussed in the context of the existing literature in the field, highlighting the implications of economic awareness on sustainable energy consumption practices. This research contributes to understanding how economic knowledge influences energy-saving behaviors among Polish households, providing insights for policymakers and energy conservation initiatives. One of the key findings of this paper is the significant association between economic awareness, energy-saving knowledge, and the adoption of sustainable energy consumption behaviors among Polish households. This study reveals that households with higher levels of economic awareness demonstrate a notably higher frequency of practices related to sustainable energy consumption compared to those with lower economic awareness. Similarly, households equipped with greater knowledge about energy-saving techniques exhibit a higher propensity to adopt energy-efficient behaviors. This underscores important roles of economic literacy and education in fostering behavioral changes towards more sustainable energy practices, highlighting the importance of targeted interventions and educational campaigns aimed at enhancing economic awareness and promoting energy-saving knowledge among consumers.

Factors determining people’s use of renewable energy

Although awareness and preference for renewable energy is increasing, users still pay higher prices for renewable energy than for fossil fuels. Therefore, assessing renewable energy demand is necessary to find new opportunities and drivers from buyers in the upcoming flexible and competitive energy market in the context of social and environmental responsibility to enhance consumer market. A clear trend is taking place among electricity users and small-scale electricity generation investors. The development of decentralization in global power production and distribution is also quite similar to this trend. Although many of these studies have noted this trend, there are still limitations that have not been further clarified. One thing to note is that when people invest in renewable energy to make a profit, there may be some risks due to the incomplete legal and technical framework. For example, investors can ignore strict infrastructure standards, use cheap, low quality products or the ability to reduce subsidies and replace them with more market prices; Or they can aim to make a profit immediately. Therefore, people must pay attention and understand their intention to use renewable energy. This reduces business risk by supporting the development of financial and investment solutions for citizens. At the same time, setting standards and establishing a comprehensive communication plan will provide the basis and tools for the sustainable and effective development of renewable energy by the people.