Energetic Environment Research Articles

The Application of Total Physical Response (TPR) Method Through Songs to Improve Students' Vocabulary Mastery and Creativity: A Classroom Action Research at The First Grade

This study investigates the efficacy of using songs in conjunction with the Total Physical Response (TPR) method to enhance vocabulary mastering and creative thinking in EFL students. 36 first-grade students participated in two cycles of Classroom Action Research (CAR) at SMAN 03 Pamekasan. Students' low average score of 58 on the pre-test and initial observations indicated serious difficulties with vocabulary retention, spelling, pronunciation and accurate usage. TPR, which combines movement with language learning, was combined with songwriting exercises. In order to improve memory through dance and music, students worked in groups to compose and perform songs utilizing vocabulary words in the first cycle. Despite a 12.1% improvement in post-test scores, the results fell short of the minimal passing requirements set by English Teacher of SMAN 03 Pamekasan. Within the moment cycle, extra hone and anxiety-reducing measures, such as singing and acting out melodies some time recently testing, driven to a eminent advancement, with the normal score rising to 80. The think about found that the TPR strategy, when combined with tunes, altogether improved students' lexicon run, spelling, articulation, and exactness of utilization. Additionally, it cultivated more prominent understudy engagement, motivation, and inventiveness within the classroom. By and large, the investigate illustrates that TPR and tunes offer an compelling, intuitively approach to lexicon learning, making a difference understudies overcome challenges in dialect securing and making a more energetic and agreeable learning environment.

JWST MIRI and NIRCam observations of NGC 891 and its circumgalactic medium

We present new JWST observations of the nearby, prototypical edge-on, spiral galaxy NGC 891. The northern half of the disk was observed with NIRCam in its F150W and F277W filters. Absorption is clearly visible in the mid-plane of the F150W image, along with vertical dusty plumes that closely resemble the ones seen in the optical. A $ kpc ^2$ area of the lower circumgalactic medium (CGM) was mapped with MIRI F770W at 12 pc scales. Thanks to the sensitivity and resolution of JWST, we detect dust emission out to $ 4$ kpc from the disk, in the form of filaments, arcs, and super-bubbles. Some of these filaments can be traced back to regions with recent star formation activity, suggesting that feedback-driven galactic winds play an important role in regulating baryonic cycling. The presence of dust at these altitudes raises questions about the transport mechanisms at play and suggests that small dust grains are able to survive for several tens of million years after having been ejected by galactic winds in the disk-halo interface. We lay out several scenarios that could explain this emission: dust grains may be shielded in the outer layers of cool dense clouds expelled from the galaxy disk, and/or the emission comes from the mixing layers around these cool clumps where material from the hot gas is able to cool down and mix with these cool cloudlets. This first set of data and upcoming spectroscopy will be very helpful to understand the survival of dust grains in energetic environments, and their contribution to recycling baryonic material in the mid-plane of galaxies.

Dramatic Influence of Temperature on Charging

Charging of cables outside of a spacecraft has been cited as the cause of multiple spacecraft anomalies based upon correlations with peaks in the energetic electron environment and because the electron flux exposure of external cables is much higher than internal cables. However, external cables are subject to much wider temperature changes than hardware located inside a thermally regulated spacecraft. Temperature affects bulk resistivity and radiation-induced conductivity, but temperature is often ignored in charging analyses and tests. In this paper, temperature effects are combined with a diurnal temperature variation and an external electron environment to simulate the charging of an external coax. The simulation shows that the coax dielectrics behave as perfect insulators during the cold portion of the 24 h cycle, but the accumulated charge leaks out during the hot portion of the cycle. There is no memory or hysteresis of charge density from one day to the next. This behavior is compared to the behavior of materials inside the spacecraft, where low flux and stable temperatures lead to charging time constants ranging from weeks to months that produce a slow, stair-step increase of trapped charge in response to multiple electron storms. These variations in charging response explain why some anomalies correlate best with peak 24 h average flux, whereas others correlate well with 14- or 21-day averaged flux. Analyses and tests used to qualify designs or investigate anomalies must account for the dramatic effects that temperature variation can have on the charging of insulators and isolated conductors.

Electron Density Distribution in H ii Regions in IC 10

We present the [O III] λ52 μm map of the dwarf galaxy IC 10 obtained with the Field-Imaging Far-Infrared Line Spectrometer on board the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy. We combine the [O III] λ52 μm map with Herschel and Spitzer observations to estimate the electron density distribution of the brightest H ii regions of IC 10. We find that the line ratio [O III] λ88 μm/[O III] λ52 μm gives electron density (n e) values (n e [O III]) that cover a broad range, while the n e values obtained using the line ratio [S III] λ33 μm/[S III] λ18 μm (n e [S III]) are all similar within the uncertainties. n e [O III] is similar to n e [S III] for the M1, M2, and A1 regions, and it is higher than n e [S III] for the two regions, A2 and M1b, which are the brightest in the 24 μm continuum emission. These results suggest that for these regions, the two ions, O++ and S++, trace two different ionized gas components and that the properties of the ionized gas component traced by the O++ ion are more sensitive to the local physical conditions. In fact, while the gas layer traced by [S III] does not keep track of the characteristics of the radiation field, the n e [O III] correlates with the star formation rate, the dust temperature, and the 24 μm. Therefore, n e [O III] is an indicator of the evolutionary stage of the H ii region and the radiation field, with higher n e [O III] found in younger star-forming regions and in more energetic environments.

Resources modulate developmental shifts but not infection tolerance upon coinfection in an insect system.

Energetic resources fuel immune responses and parasite growth within organisms, but it is unclear whether energy allocation is sufficient to explain changes in infection outcomes under the threat of multiple parasites. We manipulated diet in flour beetles ( Tribolium confusum ) infected with two natural parasites to investigate the role of resources in shifting metabolic and immune responses after single and co-infection. Our results suggest that gregarine parasites alter the within-host energetic environment, and by extension juvenile development time, in a diet- dependent manner. Gregarines do not affect host resistance to acute bacterial infection but do stimulate the expression of an alternative set of immune genes and promote damage to the gut, ultimately contributing to reduced survival regardless of diet. Thus, energy allocation is not sufficient to explain the immunological contribution to coinfection outcomes, emphasizing the importance of mechanistic insight for predicting the impact of coinfection across levels of biological organization.

Ocean Wave Directional Distribution from GPS Buoy Observations off the West Coast of Ireland: Assessment of a Wavelet-Based Method

Abstract Knowledge of the directional distribution of a wave field is crucial for a better understanding of complex air–sea interactions. However, the dynamic and unpredictable nature of ocean waves, combined with the limitations of existing measurement technologies and analysis techniques, makes it difficult to obtain precise directional information, leading to a poor understanding of this important quantity. This study investigates the potential use of a wavelet-based method applied to GPS buoy observations as an alternative approach to the conventional methods for estimating the directional distribution of ocean waves. The results indicate that the wavelet-based estimations are consistently good when compared to the framework of widely used parameterizations for the directional distribution. The wavelet-based method presents advantages in comparison with the conventional methods, including being purely data-driven and not requiring any assumptions about the shape of the distribution. In addition, it was found that the wave directional distribution is narrower at the spectral peak and broadens asymmetrically at higher and lower scales, particularly sharply for frequencies below the peak. The directional spreading appears to be independent of the wave age across the entire range of frequencies, implying that the angular width of the directional spectrum is primarily controlled by nonlinear wave–wave interactions rather than by wind forcing. These results support the use of the wavelet-based method as a practical alternative for the estimation of the wave directional distribution. In addition, this study highlights the need for continued innovation in the field of ocean wave measuring technologies and analysis techniques to improve our understanding of air–sea interactions. Significance Statement This study presents a wavelet-based technique for obtaining the directional distribution of ocean waves applied to GPS buoy. This method serves as an alternative to conventional methods and is relatively easy to implement, making it a practical option for researchers and engineers. The study was conducted in a highly energetic environment characterized by high wind speeds and large waves, providing a valuable dataset for understanding the dynamics of marine environment in extreme conditions. This research has implications for improving our understanding of directional characteristics of ocean waves, which is crucial for navigation, offshore engineering, weather forecasting, and coastal hazard mitigation. This study also highlights the challenges associated with understanding wave directionality and emphasizes a need for further observations.

Using Molecular Structure to Tune Intrachain and Interchain Charge Transport in Indacenodithiophene-Based Copolymers.

In this work, we compare two structurally near-amorphous rigid-rod polymers─poly(indacenodithiophene-co-benzothiadiazole), p(IDT-BT), and poly(indacenodithiophene-co-benzopyrollodione), p(IDT-BPD)─with orders of magnitude different mobilities to understand the effect charge carrier intrachain delocalization has on electronic transport. Quantum chemical calculations show that p(IDT-BPD) has a barrier to torsion that is significantly lower than that of p(IDT-BT) and is thus more likely to have reduced conjugation lengths. We utilize absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy to characterize energetic disorder and show that p(IDT-BPD) has higher energetic disorder. Charge modulation spectroscopy (CMS) and model calculations are used to show that charge carriers are substantially delocalized in p(IDT-BT) and occupy near-uniform energetic environments. We find that mobility activated hopping barriers are similar in these two materials. Electronic structure calculations show that both intrachain and interchain couplings of monomer units are poor enough in p(IDT-BPD) that charge carriers collapse to single IDT units and transport via a through-space tunneling mechanism. This work highlights the remarkable charge transport properties of p(IDT-BT) by showing that high mobilities are achievable on device-relevant length scales with only 1D carrier delocalization.

On the Performance of a Horizontally Mounted ADCP in an Energetic Tidal Environment for Floating Tidal Turbine Applications.

Incident flow measurement is key in the tidal industry for conducting power performance assessments. This paper explores the use of a horizontally mounted Nortek Signature 500 Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) as a means for incident flow measurement onboard a utility-scale tidal turbine. This study shows that the measurement range of an ADCP mounted horizontally in highly dynamic tidal flow (up to 4 m/s) is less than the maximum range stated by the manufacturer. The ability for the horizontal ADCP to accurately resolve velocities in a multi-beam configuration is also analysed. Effects from both vertical shear and beam selection result in incident flow velocities that differ from a single horizontal beam recording. The maximum measurement range of the instrument is found to depend on current speed and on the proportion of data loss that is acceptable to the user. The ability of the ADCP to record data from the free-stream velocity two equivalent diameters upstream of the O2, as set out by IEC TS 62600-200, is considered. It is found that at this distance, there is 90% data loss. Accepting only 10% data loss across all flow speeds resulted in a maximum range of 31 m for a Nortek Signature 500 in this study. While some limitations of an ADCP deployed horizontally in highly energetic tidal flow are identified, the benefits of mounting the sensor close to the rotor facing horizontally into the incoming flow mean that valuable data are still produced for tidal turbine operators.

From thermoeconomics to environomics and beyond

Modern energy systems are more and more based on integrated technologies in a world evolving towards increasing concerns not only for economics but also for environmental issues with a growing focus on resources and emissions. In parallel, information technologies including advanced simulation and optimisation algorithms develop at a rapid pace. Thermoeconomics based on either the First Law or exergy, together with cost factors distributed through its equipment, also evolved during the last 30 years. However modern muti-objective evolutionary optimisation techniques, extending the capacity to tackle optimisation considering a growing number of parameters including the internalization of the costs of emissions of whole systems has also emerged. The latter is called environomics. So far, the supply of energy services was essentially dominated by fossil-based resources with a high focus on operational costs. The new trends towards renewable energies requires a growing need to consider the embedded exergies since renewable energy, like solar energy, is economically free and operational costs are inherently low. While economic factors can vary over a broad spectrum throughout the years of operation, the embedded exergies are more stable values, particularly because the systems are built in a known economic and energetic environment. A new class of methods is only emerging to deal with more complete exergy approaches to formulate more holistic exergy life cycle analyses. Those should provide a lower bound of the expected exergy payback over the lifetime of the systems to be compared with thermoeconomic or environomic optima. It is still a huge challenge ahead to provide practical tools to do it.

Navigating the Indian Tax Landscape: An Introduction to the Current Regime

India's charge framework comprises a complex exchange of coordinate and roundabout charges required by both the central government and state governments. This unique gives a brief diagram of the current assess administration in India, with a specific center on the later changes presented for person taxpayers. The presentation highlights the two essential charge structures accessible to people: the conventional administration and the recently presented administration. The conventional administration offers different derivations and exceptions, whereas the unused administration gloats lower assess rates but kills these benefits. The unique digs into the key highlights of the current administration, counting the later adjustments made in the 2023 budget. It emphasizes the significant choice person citizens confront: choosing between maximizing derivations beneath the conventional administration or selecting for the lower charge rates of the unused regime. The Indian assess scene presents a complex and energetic environment molded by advancing administrative systems and financial objectives. This unique gives an early on investigation into the winning assess administration in India, highlighting key highlights, later advancements, and challenges confronted by citizens and policymakers alike. Our examination dives into the foundational viewpoints of Indian tax assessment, including coordinate and circuitous assess frameworks, counting wage charge, corporate assess, products and administrations charge (GST), traditions obligations, and other demands. We illustrate the transaction between these components, emphasizing their affect on businesses, financial specialists, and people working inside the Indian market. India's energetic assess administration presents both openings and challenges for citizens. This paper investigates the current scene, diving into the complexities of coordinate charges pertinent to people. The investigation centers on the later presentation of a modern charge administration nearby the existing conventional administration, highlighting the key highlights and contemplations for exploring this double framework.

Morphology‐Dependent Magnetic Properties in Shallow‐Water Ferromanganese Concretions

AbstractFerromanganese concretions commonly occur in shallow‐water coastal regions worldwide. In the Baltic Sea, they can record information about past and present underwater environments and could be a potential source for critical raw materials. We report on their microstructural characteristics and magnetic properties and link them to their formation mechanisms and environmental significance. Microstructural investigations from nano‐ and micro‐computed tomography, electron microscopy, and micro‐X‐ray fluorescence elemental mapping reveal diverse growth patterns within concretions of different morphologies. Alternating Fe‐ and Mn‐rich growth bands indicate fluctuating redox conditions during formation. Bullet‐shaped magnetofossils, produced by magnetotactic bacteria, are present, which suggests the influence of bacterial activity on concretion formation. Spheroidal concretions, which occur in deeper and more tranquil environments, have enhanced microbial biomineralization and magnetofossil preservation. Conversely, crusts and discoidal concretions from shallower and more energetic environments contain fewer magnetofossils and have a greater detrital content. Our results provide insights into concretion formation mechanisms and highlight the importance of diagenetic processes, oxygen availability, and bacterial activity in the Baltic Sea.

The Impact of Strategic Physiognomy Elements on Organizational Success

They work in a energetic, complex, and competitive environment. So, the victory and disappointment of numerous companies depend on a few components and the plausibility to analyze them agreeing to the data level. The significance and the needs of variables investigation change from one circumstance to another due to the particular nature of the item and benefit, company, and industry. In this manner, the organizational forms ought to be based on and adjusted to the outside environment. Study of the impact of strategic external elements on organizational success has the following key objectives First to study, survey, and analyze the characteristics of the company. and external factors That affect the choice of organizational strategies and competitive strategies of entrepreneurs. 2. Explore organizational strategies and competitive strategies of entrepreneurs. 3.Analyze the relationship between the company's characteristics and outside variables that influence its operations. Choose to use organizational strategies and competitive strategies of entrepreneurs. To analyze the information collected through the surveys, we utilized measurable tests such as cruel, middle, and standard deviation as well as particular weights to rank the assessment impact of each outside calculate. This paper reports discoveries on the relationship between outside variables and organizational execution. The ponder found critical positive and negative impacts of outside variables on execution as well as classifying them into the components that encourage or make obstructions to trade.

Electrically conductive cementitious composites for marine applications

Conductive cement-based materials have attracted particular attention due to their potential to enable low-cost continuous monitoring of next-generation smart structures. This feature is relevant in highly energetic marine environments, where structural damage due to excessive loads and remote locations are critical to the performance of structures. However, to the best of the authors knowledge the literature exploring this feature in the context of marine environment is inexistent. To fill this gap, an electrically conductive cementitious composite (E3C) was developed for marine applications by introducing waste materials and fibers. Six mixtures were studied, incorporating the same matrix but varying the amount and fiber type, and water content. E3C, which conducts electricity underwater, was successfully developed, demonstrating the capacity to exhibit intelligent properties in marine environments. Self-sensing capability, assessed through electric current measurements during load application, demonstrated sensitivity to mechanical loading. This research presents promising outcomes, reshaping the paradigm of marine structures.

High-energy particle observations from the Moon.

The Moon is a unique natural laboratory for the study of the deep space plasma and energetic particles environment. During more than 3/4 of its orbit around the Earth it is exposed to the solar wind. Being an unmagnetized body and lacking a substantial atmosphere, solar wind and solar energetic particles bombardthe Moon's surface, interacting with the lunar regolith and the tenuous lunar exosphere. Energetic particles arriving at the Moon's surface can be absorbed, or scattered, or can remove another particle from the lunar regolith by sputtering or desorption. A similar phenomenon occurs also with the galactic cosmic rays, which have fluxes and energy spectra representative of interplanetary space. During the remaining part of its orbit the Moon crosses the tail of the terrestrial magnetosphere. It then provides the opportunity to study in-situ the terrestrial magnetotail plasma environment as well as atmospheric escape from the Earth's ionosphere, in the form of heavy ions accelerated and streaming downtail. The lunar environment is thus a unique natural laboratory for analysing the interaction of the solar wind, the cosmic rays and the Earth's magnetosphere with the surface, the immediate subsurface, and the surface-bounded exosphere of an unmagnetized planetary body. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Astronomy from the Moon: the next decades (part 2)'.

Adaptive and Dissipative Hierarchical Population Crowding of Synthetic Protocells through Click-PISA under Gradient Energy Inputs.

The ability of living objects to respond rapidly en masse to various stimuli or stress is an important function in response to externally applied changes in the local environment. This occurs across many length scales, for instance, bacteria swarming in response to different stimuli or stress and macromolecular crowding within cells. Currently there are few mechanisms to induce similar autonomous behaviors within populations of synthetic protocells. Herein, we report a system in which populations of individual objects behave in a coordinated manner in response to changes in the energetic environment by the emergent self-organization of large object swarms. These swarms contain protocell populations of approximately 60 000 individuals. We demonstrate the dissipative nature of the hierarchical constructs, which persist under appropriate UV stimulation. Finally, we identify the ability of the object populations to change behaviors in an adaptive population-wide response to the local energetic environment.

High Luminescence in Layered Double Perovskite via Formation of Terbium Intercalation Complex

AbstractAs the field of perovskite emerges, doping presents an optimistic way to upgrade the functionalities of these materials and improve the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). While doping is well‐explored in perovskites, it has received less attention in layered double perovskites (LDPs). Doping with lanthanides is particularly interesting for these wide bandgap materials because of their narrow and intense luminescence spectra. Here, the doping of (PEA)4NaInCl8 LDP (PEA = Phenylethylammonium) with Tb3+ and complex of Tb3+ with hexafluoroacetylacetonate (hfa) is studied, i.e., tetrakis β‐diketonate complex. In both cases, energy transfer from host to dopant leading to photoluminescence (PL) emission due to Tb3+ f‐f transitions is observed. However, in the case of Tb3+ doping, sensitization is not very efficient due to the nonideal alignment of energy levels of the host and resonance acceptor energy levels of Tb3+. Whereas, doping of (PEA)4NaInCl8 with Tb3+ in the form of hfa complex, provides a more ideal energetic environment for the efficient energy transfer from host to Tb3+ in the LDP matrix, resulting in a 20‐fold enhancement in the luminescence efficiency. The doping of Tb3+ and Tb3+ complex in LDP sets the foundation for a new approach for the synthesis of LDPs‐lanthanide host‐guest systems for high PLQY.

Common origin of trapped volatiles in oxidized icy moons and comets

Following spacecraft encounters with comets 67P/C-G and 1P/Halley, it was surprising that O2, expected to be a very minor species in their comas, was observed to outgas at a few percent abundance during their ice sublimation phases. This challenged the direct connection suggested between comets and material in the interstellar medium (ISM), which exhibits a very low O2/H2O gas-phase abundance, leading to a number of papers suggesting novel sources for O2. Since these eccentrically orbiting comets have lost significant amounts of their evaporating surfaces over their lifetimes, the O2 observed must have been stably trapped down to significant depths in these primordial icy bodies. O2 was also seen in the coma by Rosetta, along with other volatiles, long after water ice sublimation began to subside. Here we note that the extensive observations of the icy satellites of Jupiter (Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto) exhibit radiolytic and outgassing processes that provide certain direct parallels to interpretations of recent comet observations. Given that O2 is consistently observed in the atmospheres of icy Jovian satellites, as well as stably trapped as ‘bubbles’ (Johnson and Jesser, 1997) in their water ice surfaces, their spectral observations can help constrain the environment in which Jupiter-family and Oort cloud comets formed given that the observed O2/H2O abundances at both types of comets and icy moons are nearly identical. Based on the approximate charged particle radiation required to produce the observed steady-state concentrations of O2, we suggest that comets likely formed in a far more energetic environment than the ISM. While grains can be irradiated for longer timescales in the neutral ISM, small grains are expected to erode before significant O2 formation and trapping occurs. Independent of celestial dynamics then, an unknown radiation source, may provide insight to the first population of oxidized water ice grains in the early solar system.

The Construction of English Smart Teaching Platform for Colleges and Universities Based on Deep Learning under the Core Idea of Functional Linguistics

Abstract This study explores the application of intelligent teaching in higher education, especially for the digital transformation of English learning. Relying on online English teaching resources, the article successfully constructs an innovative teaching platform for English teaching in higher education by integrating advanced tools such as deep learning technology, clustering algorithms, and Rasch models. The platform takes students’ self-management awareness as the core. It emphasizes teachers’ evidence-based teaching ability, while considering multidimensional factors such as teaching environment, emotions and characteristics to provide a comprehensive and interactive learning environment. Through in-depth analysis of the application effect of the platform, the study found that students’ agreement in all five key dimensions exceeded 0.24, especially in the teaching emotion dimension with the highest deal of 0.2970, and the results fully proved the significant role of the intelligent teaching platform in enhancing learning effect and stimulating learning interest. This study successfully realizes the efficient interaction between teachers and students. Also, it lays a solid foundation for constructing a natural, harmonious and energetic bright English teaching environment, which is of great theoretical and practical significance for promoting the modernization and transformation of the education and teaching system.

Microtextures on quartz grain surfaces in the Bay of Bengal shoreline sediments, Bangladesh: Implications for sediment transport process and depositional environment

SEM and SEM-EDS studies of quartz grains in the shoreline sediments of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh were carried out to evaluate the mode of origin, paleoclimate, and depositional environment. A total of 38 microtexture types were identified, which were grouped into mechanical (23 features), mechanical/chemical (6 features), and chemical (9 features) origins. The morphology of quartz grains in the shorelines was dominantly sub-angular to sub-rounded in shape, which represents robust energy conditions, short residence time, low weathering, and nearby sediment provenance. The microtextures of mechanical origin such as straight and curved scratches, pits, broken edges, and crescent-shaped features were relatively abundant in the eastern site samples (Section-I) indicating high-energy, fluvial, and beach environments. The abundance of V-shaped marks and smooth surfaces of quartz grains indicate high-velocity storm conditions and/or high-energy impact events. The well-rounded outline, low relief with dish-shaped depressions, mechanically upturned plates, and arcuate steps were also observed on quartz grain surfaces. These features suggest that they were developed during an aeolian process in the beach berm environment. Etching, solution/irregular pits, and differential relief on quartz grains were somewhat elevated in the western site samples (Section-III), reflecting that these microtextures were associated with a subaqueous collision and humid climates in the fluvial and nearshore environments. Quartz grains in all sections represented microtextures of high energetic subaqueous environment as well as wind events. However, the absence of corrosion channels and high density of voids in the quartz grains revealed low degree of weathering.

Observations of strong turbulence and mixing impacting water exchange between two basins in the Baltic Sea

Abstract. Turbulent diapycnal mixing is important for the estuarine circulation between basins of the Baltic Sea as well as for its local ecosystems, in particular with regard to eutrophication and anoxic conditions. While the interior of the basins is overall relatively calm, stratified flow over steep bathymetric features is known as a source of strong turbulent mixing. Yet, current in situ observations often cannot capture the spatio-temporal development of dynamic and intermittent turbulent mixing related to overflows over rough bathymetry. We present observational oceanographic data together with openly accessible high-resolution bathymetry from a prototypical sill and an adjacent deep channel in the sparsely sampled Southern Quark located in the Åland Sea, connecting the northern Baltic Proper with the Bothnian Sea. Our data were acquired during two 1-week cruises on R/V Electra in February–March 2019 and 2020. We collected high-resolution broadband acoustic observations of turbulent mixing together with in situ microstructure profiler measurements, and current velocities from acoustic Doppler current profilers. We found that a temporally reversing non-tidal stratified flow over the steep bathymetric sill created a dynamic and extremely energetic environment. The observed flow reversed during both cruises on timescales of a few days. Saltier, warmer, and less oxygenated deep water south of the sill was partly blocked, the reversing flow was at times hydraulically controlled with hydraulic jumps occurring on both sides of the sill, and high spatial variability occurred in the surface layer on small scales. Dissipation rates of turbulent kinetic energy, vertical turbulent diffusivities, and vertical salt flux rates were increased by 3–4 orders of magnitude in the entire water column in the vicinity of the sill compared to reference stations not directly influenced by the overflow with average dissipation rates near the sill between 10−7 and 10−6 W kg−1, average vertical diffusivities of 0.001 m2 s−1 in the halocline and up to 0.1 m2 s−1 below the halocline, and average vertical salt flux rates around 0.01 g m−2 s−1 in the halocline and between 0.1 and 1 g m−2 s−1 below the halocline. We suggest, based on acoustic observations and in situ measurements, that the underlying mechanism for the highly increased mixing across the halocline is a combination of shear and topographic lee waves breaking at the halocline interface. We anticipate that the resulting deep- and surface-water modification in the Southern Quark directly impacts exchange processes between the Bothnian Sea and the northern Baltic Proper and that the observed mixing is likely important for oxygen and nutrient conditions in the Bothnian Sea.