End Of Segment Research Articles

Crystallinity of polyolefins with large side groups by low-field 1H NMR T2 relaxometry: Isotactic Polybutene-1 with form II and I crystals

Phase composition and molecular mobility were studied using 1H NMR T2 relaxometry in isotactic polybutene-1 (iPB-1) with two polymorphs - form I and II crystals. Several types of NMR relaxation methods and data analysis were evaluated for determining the most reliable way for studying physical phases in iPB-1. Three-phase model provided the most appropriate description of the phase composition in iPB-1, i.e., a crystal-amorphous interface separates the crystalline and the amorphous phases. Due to complex molecular mobility in iPB-1, the amount of rigid fraction should be considered as NMR crystallinity number. Two types of chain segments are present in the amorphous phase: (1) chain segments with anisotropic mobility due to chain anchoring to crystals and chain entanglements; and (2) highly mobile chain end segments. The polymorphic phase II to I transition causes significant immobilization of polymer chains in the crystalline and the amorphous phases. Molecular weight of iPB-1 largely influences phase composition and molecular mobility in crystalline and amorphous phases.

Mutations of the segment-specific nucleotides at the 3’ end of influenza virus NS segment control viral replication

The vRNAs of influenza A viruses contain 12 and 13 nucleotide-long sequences at their 3′ and 5′ termini respectively that are highly conserved and constitute the vRNA promoter. These sequences and the next three segment-specific nucleotides show inverted partial complementarity and are followed by several unpaired nucleotides of poorly characterized function at the 3′ end. We have performed systematic point-mutations at the segment-specific nucleotides 15–18 of the 3′-end of a NS-like vRNA segment. All NS-like vRNAs containing mutations at position 15, and some at positions 16–18 showed reduced transcription/replication efficiency in a transfection/infection system. In addition, the replication of recombinant viruses containing mutations at position 15 was impaired both in single and multi-cycle experiments. This reduction was the consequence of a decreased expression of the NS segment. The data indicate that NS1 plays a role in the transcription/replication of its own segment, which elicits a global defect on virus replication.

A multilayer thermo-elastic damage model for the bending deflection of the tunnel lining segment exposed to high temperatures

For a shield tunnel structure in fire, the thermal-mechanical behavior of tunnel lining segments plays a key role in determining the failure process. Due to the restriction at the segment ends, secondary stress will be induced, and this is particularly the case when the temperature distribution is non-uniform over the cross-section, thus further worsening the adverse effect on the structure. Existing studies on the thermal-mechanical behavior of tunnel lining have mainly focued on the complex nonlinear and non-elastic behavior of the concrete, whereas little attention has been paid to the application in engineering. In this study, a multilayer thermo-elastic damage model is proposed to analyze the bending behavior of the tunnel lining segment exposed to high temperature. The temperature distribution on the cross-section is described by a piecewise function. The contributions of the concrete and bolts are modelled equivalently by a set of springs. A multi-scale thermal damage model is introduced to describe the damage evolution of concrete with temperature. Various boundary conditions, including a statically determinate segment, a statically indeterminate segment with two hinged ends and a segment with two fixed ends, are considered. To verify the analytical model, four-point bending tests have been conducted with reduced-scale specimens. Test results indicate that this multilayer model can well predict the response of the tunnel lining segment under or after high temperature. The model is suitable in the fire protection design of the tunnel lining segment.

상하단이 자유롭게 수평동요하는 수중 조파판에 의해 생성된 수면파의 근사해석

To derive a simplified analytic solution which can be utilized as a fundamental solution for the wave maker design, a segment of the wave board has been idealized as a submerged line segment in a two dimensional domain of a wave flume. The lower end of the line segment could be located at arbitrary depth of the wave flume and the upper end of the board could be also submerged to any depth from the free surface. The freely oscillating motion of the wave board is assumed to be defined by determining the condition of horizontal oscillation on both ends differently. The submerged wave board oscillating in horizontal direction could be specified by selecting the amplitude, frequency and the phase lag differently on lower and upper ends of the board. The simplified two dimensional wave generated by the wave board segment has been obtained by the first order perturbation method. It is found that the general solution of the freely oscillating wave board in two dimensional domain could be decomposed into the solution of flap motion with lower end hinge and swing motion with upper end hinge. The case study of the analytic solutions has been carried out to evaluate the effect on the wave height due to the difference of oscillation frequency, phase difference and variation of stroke between for the motion of both ends. It is found that the solution of the freely oscillating wave board could be utilized for the development of high performance wavemaker especially for irregular waves.

Segment representations with small resolution

A segment representation of a graph is an assignment of line segments in 2D to the vertices in such a way that two segments intersect if and only if the corresponding vertices are adjacent. Not all graphs have such segment representations, but they exist, for example, for all planar graphs.In this note, we study the resolution that can be achieved for segment representations, presuming the ends of segments must be on integer grid points. We show that any planar graph (and more generally, any graph that has a so-called L-representation) has a segment representation in a grid of width and height 4n.

The categoricity spectrum of large abstract elementary classes

The categoricity spectrum of a class of structures is the collection of cardinals in which the class has a single model up to isomorphism. Assuming that cardinal exponentiation is injective (a weakening of the generalized continuum hypothesis, GCH), we give a complete list of the possible categoricity spectrums of an abstract elementary class with amalgamation and arbitrarily large models. Specifically, the categoricity spectrum is either empty, an end segment starting below the Hanf number, or a closed interval consisting of finite successors of the Lowenheim–Skolem–Tarski number (there are examples of each type). We also prove (assuming a strengthening of the GCH) that the categoricity spectrum of an abstract elementary class with no maximal models is either bounded or contains an end segment. This answers several longstanding questions around Shelah’s categoricity conjecture.

Remotely Supervised Home-Based Intensive Exercise Intervention to Improve Balance, Functional Mobility, and Physical Activity in Survivors of Moderate or Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study.

BackgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) may impact an individual physically, cognitively, socially, and emotionally. Poor balance, reduced mobility, and low daily physical activity often will require ongoing physical rehabilitation intervention. However, face-to-face specialized physiotherapy is not always accessible for individuals living in rural settings.ObjectiveWe will answer four questions: (1) What is the feasibility of a remotely supervised, home-based, intensive exercise intervention with survivors of moderate and severe TBI? (2) Does the frequency of remote supervision have an impact on the feasibility of completing a home-based intensive exercise program? (3) Does the frequency of remote supervision impact balance, functional mobility, and physical activity? (4) What is the lived experience of remote supervision for both survivors and caregivers?MethodsFour participants will complete two intensive, 4-week (five days per week) home-based exercise interventions remotely supervised via synchronous videoconference. Each exercise intervention will have a goal of 160 to 300 repetitions or 60 minutes of tailored exercises to promote neuroplasticity and be defined as an intensive home-based exercise intervention. An alternating single-subject design will allow for the comparison between two frequencies of remote supervision, once weekly and five times weekly. Daily repeated outcome measures, pre- and postintervention outcome measures, and 1-month follow-up outcome measures will be collected to explore the effect on feasibility and physical variables. Daily outcome measures include step count and Five Times Sit-to-Stand test. Pre-post measures include assessment of quiet stance and the Community Balance and Mobility Scale. A semistructured interview will be completed at the end of each intervention segment to document the lived experience of both survivors and their study partners. Finally, five questionnaires will be used to understand the overall experience: the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory-4 Participation Index, Satisfaction With Life Scale, Fall Efficacy Scale-International, Interpersonal Behavior Questionnaire, and System Usability Scale. Data will be analyzed following traditional single-subject methods of analysis.ResultsEthics approval was received from both the Bruyère Research Institute and University of Ottawa review boards in March 2019. Recruitment is underway.ConclusionsThe proposed intervention is complex in nature due to the involvement of multiple technology sources and the inclusion of a complex dyad (survivors and caregivers) in a community setting. This type of research is timely given that alternative methods of physical intervention delivery are needed to facilitate gains in balance, mobility, physical activity among TBI survivors with limited access to clinical care, and the quality of the patients’ experience.International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)PRR1-10.2196/14867

Long‐Term Evolution of Nontransform Discontinuities at the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, 24°N–27°30′N

AbstractWe studied long‐term evolution of nontransform discontinuities (NTDs) on the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge from 0‐ to ~20‐ to 25‐Ma crust using plate reconstructions of multibeam bathymetry, long‐range HMR1 sidescan sonar, residual mantle Bouguer gravity anomaly (RMBA), and gravity‐derived crustal thickness. NTDs have propagated north and south with respect to flowlines of relative plate motion and both rapidly and slowly compared to the half spreading rate; at times they have been quasi‐stable. Fast, short‐term (<2 Myr) propagation is driven by reduced magma supply (increased tectonic extension) in the propagating ridge tip when NTD ridge‐axis offsets are small (≲5 km). Propagation at larger offsets generally is slower and longer term. These NTDs can show classic structures of rift propagation including inner and outer pseudofaults and crustal blocks transferred between ridge flanks by discontinuous jumps of the propagating ridge tip. In all cases crustal transfer occurs within the NTD valley. Aside from ridge‐axis offset, the evolution of NTDs appears to be controlled by three factors: (1) gross volume and distribution of magma supplied to ridge segments as controlled by 3‐D heterogeneities in mantle fertility and/or dynamic upwelling; this controls fundamental ridge segmentation. (2) The lithospheric plumbing system through which magma is delivered to the crust. (3) The consequent focusing of tectonic extension in magma‐poor parts of spreading segments, typically at segment ends, which can drive propagation. We also observe long‐wavelength (5‐10 Myr) RMBA asymmetry between the conjugate ridge flanks, and we attribute this to asymmetric distribution of density anomalies in the upper mantle.

Product Line Design Problem in Two Markets With Dependent Demand and Its Implications

The paper considers the product positioning problem faced by the hospitals in an emerging economy like India. The paper considers both non-profit as well as for-profit organizations. The paper considers two segments: one where there is high potential, but customers have low ability to pay; and the other where there is low market potential, but customers have high willingness to pay. The model suggests the product positioning along with the corresponding price. The authors characterize conditions for providing subsidy to low end segment.

Immunohistochemical distribution of glucagon-like peptide 1 in the digestive system of different aquatic vertebrates.

The distribution of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)-positive cells in digestive tracts and pancreases of aquatic vertebrates was investigated by immunohistochemical staining method. The results suggested that GLP-1-positive cells were distributed in the columnar mucous epithelium and tubular glands of lamina propria in the digestive system. However, GLP-1-positive cells were also found in subepithelial lamina propria of the mucosae and muscularis in each segment of the digestive tract of Rana nigromaculata. The distribution densities of these cells reached peaks in the stomachs, and the middle or end segments of small intestines of Chinese softshell turtle, Bufo gargarizans, R.nigromaculata and catfish, and there was the third distribution density peak in the rectum of catfish. The total amount or overall density of GLP-1-positive cells varied a lot in the digestive tracts of different animal species. The distribution density was relatively low in the digestive tract of chub and reached the maximum in the digestive tracts of snakehead and catfish, but no GLP-1-positive cells were found in the digestive tract of bighead carp. GLP-1-positive cells were densely distributed in the pancreases of Chinese softshell turtle, B.gargarizans and R.nigromaculata. These cells spread over the superficial layers of islets or scattered in exocrine pancreas in the pancreas of B.gargarizans, spread in the endocrine cells or scattered in the pancreas of Chinese softshell turtle, scattered in the pancreas of R.nigromaculata and distributed in the superficial layers of islets in the pancreas of catfish.

The long-lived Chiltepe volcanic complex, Nicaragua: magmatic evolution at an arc offset

The NW-SE striking volcanic front in Nicaragua is dissected into a western and an eastern segment separated by 20 km of N-S offset. The Chiltepe volcanic complex lies at the eastern end of the western segment and at the northern tip of the Nejapa-Miraflores tectonic and volcanic lineament that traces the arc offset. The Chiltepe peninsula attained its present shape and composition during highly explosive and effusive volcanic activity through the Late Pleistocene and Holocene, which formed the Chiltepe Formation (CF) and culminated in the 1.9 ka plinian eruption of the Chiltepe tephra. The previous evolution of this volcanic system is recorded in the volcaniclastic Mateare Formation (MF) exposed west (downwind) of the peninsula and separated from the CF by a large regional erosional unconformity. We divide the MF into the lower MF-1 member (22 volcaniclastic units) and the upper MF-2 member (17 volcaniclastic units), which are separated by a major erosional unconformity. The MF-1 was formed by variably evolved (basalt to dacite) magmas from a mantle source that was moderately metasomatized by fluids derived from subducted sediments. These high-Al moderately hydrous magmas fractionated in a tholeiitic fashion, with early plagioclase but delayed magnetite fractionation (initial Fe-Ti enrichments). Apart from the variable degree of differentiation, magmatic conditions during MF-1 remained fairly constant. While MF-1 contains several erosional unconformities suggesting tectonic activity, MF-2 is conformably stratified and the tholeiitic magmas persisted during this time. However, during MF-2, Al-poor tholeiitic compositions gradually replaced the Al-rich of MF-1 without significant changes in metasomatism or degree of melting at their mantle sources. At the same time, a different mantle source was tapped that was richer in the sediment components, and which produced more hydrous magmas that differentiated in a calc-alkaline fashion with early fractionation of both plagioclase and magnetite. Hence, two mantle source compositions were active during MF-2. The erosional interval between MF and CF, associated with strike-slip motion at the Mateare Fault, correlates with initiation of Nejapa-Miraflores volcanism. We postulate that extension along the Najapa-Miraflores fault system facilitated rapid ascent of mafic magmas from a mantle source laterally away from the arc axis that was less metasomatized than sources directly below the arc. On the Chiltepe peninsula, the Nejapa-Miraflores and Chiltepe magma systems interacted to form tholeiitic, less hydrous types of magmas (andesite to dacite) that erupted intermittently with the dominant calc-alkaline hydrous dacites. While associations of tholeiitic and calc-alkaline magmas at other subduction zones have often been attributed to variable intracrustal processes, we here argue for changes in the mantle source, particularly hydration by slab-derived fluids, as the main control on subsequent differentiation behavior. We further attribute the long-term changes in mantle source conditions through MF and CF, possibly over about 1 My, to result from temporal heterogeneity caused by mantle wedge solid flow and possibly variable fluid flow from the slab.

The evolutionarily conserved C-terminal peptide of troponin I is an independently configured regulatory structure to function as a myofilament Ca2+-desensitizer

The C-terminal end segment of troponin subunit I (TnI) is a structure highly conserved among the three muscle type-specific isoforms and across vertebrate species. Partial deletion or point mutation in this segment impairs cardiac muscle relaxation. In the present study, we characterized the C-terminal 27 amino acid peptide of human cardiac TnI (HcTnI-C27) for its role in modulating muscle contractility. Biologically or chemically synthesized HcTnI-C27 peptide retains an epitope structure in physiological solutions similarly to that in intact TnI as recognized by an anti-TnI C-terminus monoclonal antibody (mAb TnI-1). Protein binding studies found that HcTnI-C27 retains the binding affinity for tropomyosin as previously shown with intact cardiac TnI. A restrictive cardiomyopathy mutation R192H in this segment abolishes the bindings to mAb TnI-1 and tropomyosin, demonstrating a pathogenic loss of function. Contractility studies using skinned muscle preparations demonstrated that addition of HcTnI-C27 peptide reduces the Ca2+-sensitivity of myofibrils without decreasing maximum force production. The results indicate that the C-terminal end segment of TnI is a regulatory element of troponin, which retains the native configuration in the form of free peptide to confer an effect on myofilament Ca2+-desensitization. Without negative inotropic impact, this short peptide may be developed into a novel reagent to selectively facilitate cardiac muscle relaxation at the activated state as a potential treatment for heart failure.

Factors and Mechanisms Causing Wear of Turbine Heating Steam Condensate Pipeline Components at a Nuclear Power Plant

The article considers the specific features related to operation of the power valve and orifice lines within turbine plant piping systems whose inlets receive water medium with saturation parameters (separated moisture or condensate). It is shown that transportation of working medium in these piping systems is accompanied by pressure drop, boiling, and formation of various two-phase flow patterns from bubble in the initial segment to dispersed-annual in the end segment. Under certain conditions, a slug flow pattern can occur, which behaves as a source of piping vibration. Practical experience has shown that the use of homogenizing inserts for suppressing vibration load in the heating steam condensate (HSC) discharge lines downstream of the moisture separator reheaters (MSRs) of nuclear power plant (NPP) turbines often leads to intensified local flow-accelerated corrosion and pipeline failures. The article considers examples illustrating failures of piping segments downstream of homogenizing inserts and presents statistical data on damageability of heating steam and separated moisture piping of NPP turbines. The steam–water flow patterns in the MSR HSC transportation line of an NPP turbine are determined. The results from hydrodynamic modeling of working medium flow under the conditions of an abrupt expansion at the outlet from the homogenizing insert channel are presented. It is shown that the location of zones characterized by the maximum wear of piping downstream of homogenizing inserts in the MSR HSC discharge lines is determined by the flow pattern and specific features of the working medium flow hydrodynamics. It has been established that droplet impingement erosion is the dominating mechanism causing destruction of stainless-steel piping segments downstream of the homogenizing inserts in the MSR HSC lines of NPP turbines. It is important to note that, if the pipeline is made of carbon or low alloy steel, its metal experiences a combined effect of droplet impingement erosion and flow-accelerated corrosion. The obtained study results can be used in elaborating measures aimed to prevent wear of piping components in the heating steam condensate and separated moisture discharge lines of NPP turbines.

Falcine Sinus and Parafalcine Collateral Veins in Meningiomas Invading the Superior Sagittal Sinus

Venous collaterals form because of occlusion of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS), thus preserving venous drainage. Previous studies have focused on the evaluation and protection of sinuses and cortical veins and have neglected the collaterals between the SSS and deep venous system, which are important for surgical planning. We aimed to study the venous compensatory patterns inside and on both sides of the cerebral falx(parafalx) in patients with meningioma invading theSSS. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance venography, and a three-dimensional reconstructed venous model of 45 patients were analyzed. The venous collateral pattern of the parafalx was divided into 4 types: A), with cerebral medial cortical vein displacement or hyperplasia; B), collaterals connect the 2 ends of the occluded segment of the SSS; C), collaterals connect the occluded segment of the SSS with the deep cerebral venous system; and D), recanalization or secondary formation of a falcine sinus. The incidence of each type in different occlusion grades and positions of the SSS was analyzed. The 4 types of venous collaterals were ranked according to their prevalence: A, 46.7%; C, 15.6%; D, 8.9%; and B, 4.4%. The collaterals of types B, C, and D were found only in patients with severe SSS occlusion, and both types C and D were found only in middle and posterior occlusions of the SSS. In meningiomas invading the SSS, especially with complete posterior SSS occlusion, the parafalcine collateral veins and falcine sinus should be evaluated preoperatively to avoid iatrogenic injury.

Strength enhancement induced by grain boundary solute segregations in ultrafine-grained alloys

A model is proposed explaining enhanced strength of ultrafine-grained alloys that contain grain boundary (GB) solute segregations. In the framework of the proposed model these segregations are treated as homogeneous ellipsoidal inclusions and act as the sources of elastic stresses affecting the emission of lattice dislocations from GBs. These segregations pin the ends of lattice dislocation segments at the initial stage of dislocation propagation along GBs, and the unpinning requires a load increase, leading to the enhanced yield strength. We calculate the contribution of GB segregations to the yield strength for the ultrafine-grained 1570 Al alloy. We demonstrate that the maximum yield strength of this alloy is achieved in the case of clustered, nearly spherical Mg segregations with a high Mg concentration and a diameter to thickness ratio of 1.0–1.4, depending on the Mg concentration inside segregations. We also briefly discuss the possible role of GB dislocations in the formation of such concentrated solute segregations as well as the influence of GB segregations on the strengthening of alloys containing nanoscale twins. The results of the calculations agree well with experimental data.

Vertical flight profile optimization for a cruise segment with RTA constraints

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the results of a research performed at the Research Laboratory in Active Controls, Avionics and Aeroservoelasticty (LARCASE), at ÉTS, concerning optimisation strategies for cruise flight segments with imposed flight time (delimited by waypoints with required time of arrival constraints). Specifically, a new algorithm is presented that identifies the optimal vertical navigation profile (flight altitude and speed optimisation) for a cruise segment with imposed lateral navigation profile, bounded by two waypoints with required time of arrival constraints. The set of evaluated vertical navigation profiles are characterised by identical altitudes and speeds at their initial and final waypoints (at the beginning and the end of the cruise segment under optimisation), a maximum of one altitude step (relative to the initial altitude), and are flown at constant speed. This study investigates the flight performance increase (total cost reduction) for a flight along the optimal vertical navigation profile, relative to a flight at the optimal speed and initial cruise altitude. The evaluation was performed using a medium haul transport aircraft flight performance model, for three lateral navigation profiles and three wind profiles. The algorithm is targeted for Flight Management Systems platforms, to provide the optimal flight trajectory for the imposed lateral flight profile and time constraints.

Studies on metallurgical contamination accumulation characteristics on ceramic insulator of 500 kV AC transmission line

The composition of metallurgical contamination is rather special, which has a great influence on the contamination accumulation and flashover characteristics of the insulators. In this study, the 500 kV AC line insulators in metallurgical industry area of central China were sampled. The ion composition, element composition, micromorphology and particle size distribution of contamination at high and low end of insulator string were tested, respectively. The equivalent salt deposit density (ESDD) and non-soluble deposit density (NSDD) of high-voltage end, low-voltage end and middle segment of three-phase insulator strings were tested. The results indicate that the contamination particles are irregular in shape and dispersed with each other. The contamination particle size of high-voltage end is larger than that of low-voltage end. The main components of the contamination are Fe2O3 and CaSO4. The ESDD and NSDD of upper surface of upper phase is lower than that of middle phase and lower phase with the cleaning of rainwater. Due to the subsidence of metallurgical contamination from high altitude, the ESDD and NSDD of lower surface of the upper phase is higher than that of middle phase and lower phase. The ESDD and NSDD of lower surface of three phases reduce with the decrease of height.

Analisis Pengaruh Bauran Pemasaran Terhadap keputusan Pembelian

Tea Powder is a delicious beverage powder in Sidamanik. In developing the business, the company will expand the sales area in each sub district. The company chooses the low end segment, which is considered to be at low cost, and determines product positioning only in the sweet bread market. Management has conducted the marketing mix strategy. But, the effectiveness is still being argued, especially regarding the problems of the expansion of sales area. Thus, the scientifically conducted study is needed to measure the marketing mix and its influence on the decision, statisfaction, and the loyalty of customers. Results of the study showed that the overall hypothesis were acceptable and there were significant influences of the product, distribution, and promotion on consumers’ decison; there were significant influences of product and price on consumers’ satisfaction; there were significant influences of consumers’ decision on consumers’ satisfaction and loyalty, and there was a significant influence of consumers’ satisfaction on consumers’ loyalty.

Investigation and improvement of wear nonuniformity of diamond tools in sawing granite

Sawing experiments were accomplished to discuss the wear characteristics at different parts of diamond tools in the process of sawing granite in this paper. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and 3D laser microscope were main detection means for the morphology of diamond tools. Synthetic investigation on the abrasion performance of segments was developed from aspects of the wear appearance of diamond particle and metal bond, the particle protrusion height and the residual height of segments. The results indicated that smaller residual height and larger proportion of macro-fractured and pull out crystal were exhibited at the front end of traditional diamond segment compared with the rear end. Morphology characteristics of diamond tools demonstrated different abrasion mechanism, flush erosion and cavitation was the main wear mechanism for the front end, while abrasive wear was the main wear mechanism for the rear end. Maximum undeformed chip thickness per diamond particle for the front end was larger than that of the rear end due to the existence of slot, the same was true for the load of single diamond particle. By reasonably matching of diamond particles and matrix bond, the abnormal failure efficiency of the diamond particles at the front of the segment was effectively reduced and the wear uniformity of the saw tooth surface was greatly improved. Suggestions on the design of diamond tools and test verification were put forward in the end.

Density Functional Theory Predictions of the Nonlinear Optical (NLO) Properties in Triphenylamine based α-Cyanocinnamic Acid Compounds: Effect of Fluorine on NLO Response

In this study, the energy gaps, second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties and dipole polarizabilities of triphenylamine based α-cyanocinnamic acid acetylene derivatives have been investigated via using time-dependent density functional response theory. These compounds were designed theoretically by fluorine (F) atom substitution at different positions of phenyl ring end of the α-cyanocinnamic acid segment. The results have indicated that the systems substituted by fluorine show remarkable NLO second-order response, especially D4 system with computed static second-order polarizability (βtot) of 70537.95 (a.u). Hence, these materials have the likelihood to be an excellent second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. The βtot value suggests that along the x-axis the charge transfer (CT) from triphenylamine to α-cyanocinnamic acid (D-A) plays a key role in NLO response; whereas α-cyanocinnamic acid acts as an acceptor (A) and triphenylamine acts as a donor (D) in all the studied systems. Incorporation of an electron acceptor (F) at the phenyl ring end of the α-cyanocinnamic acid segment increases the computed βtot values. The present investigation therefore provides an important insight into the remarkably greater NLO properties of α-cyanocinnamic acid and triphenylamine attached via acetylene.