Ovarian Endometrial Cyst Research Articles

Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography in Sclerotherapy for Ovarian Endometrial Cyst

We investigated contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) characteristics related to the perfusion pattern and parameters of the time−intensity curve of ovarian endometrial cysts (OECs) pre- and post-sclerotherapy. Forty-three patients with one-sided, single, untreated OECs underwent CEUS pre- and post-sclerotherapy. OEC wall thickness was measured by 2-D ultrasonography and CEUS, and CEUS enhancement patterns and time−intensity curve parameters before and after sclerotherapy were compared. OEC wall thickness remained essentially unchanged post-sclerotherapy. Wall thickness was significantly larger on 2-D ultrasonography than on CEUS. The OEC wall exhibited rapid enhancement and slow clearance both pre- and post-sclerotherapy. Wash-in and wash-out times remained unchanged. The wall exhibited iso-enhancement pre-sclerotherapy, but low and partially uneven enhancement post-sclerotherapy. Post-treatment, time to peak was delayed, peak intensity was reduced and perfusion slope was decreased. The contrast agent arrival time and area under the curve remained similar. CEUS enhancement patterns and quantitative parameters were altered post-sclerotherapy; thus, treatments involving sclerosing agent retention can help to improve the efficacy of sclerotherapy for OEC.

Ovarian endometriosis: risk factor analysis and prediction of malignant transformation.

IntroductionFor the prediction of endometriosis associated ovarian carcinoma (EAOC), the risk factors for malignant ovarian endometriosis (MOE) were explored.Material and methodsA group of 104 EAOC patients was compared with a group of 104 ovarian endometrial cyst patients. Using single and multivariate risk analysis of EAOC by calculating the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver-operator characteristics (ROC) curves, risks of MOE transformation were calculated for various burdens of risk factors.ResultsThe age range of 85 EAOC patients (81.73% of EAOC patients) was from 40 to 60 years old, as menopause occurs most frequently in this age range. From single factor ROC curve analysis, if disease duration/age/menopause/times of pregnancy/multiple foci of endometriosis index AUC were above 0.70, this suggested that the above indicators were predictive of MOE. Times of pregnancy/tumour size/myoma of uterus/multiple foci of endometriosis were taken as the independent risk factors of MOE. Using logistic regression, the AUC of 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.84-0.94) was statistically significant (p < 0.001), illustrating the predictive power of this model.ConclusionsTimes of pregnancy/BMI/irregular vaginal bleeding/thyroid disease/myoma of uterus/tumour serious fixation index indicate higher risk of MOE; age/tumour size/menopause/disease duration/ dysmenorrhea/multiple foci of endometriosis suggest lower risk of MOE. Therefore, in patients with endometriosis, malignant transformation could be predicted early.

Successful treatment of infected ovarian endometrial cyst with preserved ovarian function using two-stage surgery following laparoscopic drainage

Successful treatment of infected ovarian endometrial cyst with preserved ovarian function using two-stage surgery following laparoscopic drainage

Ovarian reserve in patients who have undergone endometriosis surgery

Background/Aim. Endometriosis is a gynaecological disorder characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. The aim of this paper was to determine the effect of laparoscopic cystotomy and cystectomy on ovarian function, as well as to compare these two methods in terms of qualitative and quantitative damage to the ovaries, achieved pregnancies and recurrence. Methods. The prospective study, conducted in ?Narodni Front? Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinic in Belgrade at the Endoscopic Infertility Treatment Ward, included a total of 150 patients. The study group was represented by 100 patients who underwent a surgical treatment of endometrial ovarian cysts. The patients in the study group were divided into 2 subgroups: Subgroup I consisted of 50 patients who underwent a laparoscopic cystotomy (incision of the cyst and thermal coagulation) and subgroup II which included 50 women who underwent a laparoscopic cystectomy. The control group consised of patients who underwent a surgery due to tubal factor infertility. The following parameters of the ovarian function were tested: the ovarian volume, the antral follicle count, the presence of the preovulatory follicle on the operated ovary, the serum levels of anti- M?llerian hormone (AMH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), ovarian tumor marker (Ca 125), inhibin B, as well as the rate of achieved pregnancies one year after the surgery. Results. The ovarian volume and the antral follicle count as well as the FSH values were significantly higher in the control group in comparison with the patients in the study group. There were no significant differences in the ovarian volume, the antral follicle count, the AMH values and inhibin B values in the study group between the patients with cystectomy and those with the incision and coagulation of the cyst. Conclusion. Both surgical techniques diminished the ovarian reserve: cystectomy was more aggressive method in terms of the damage inflicted on the ovarian tissue, and incision with coagulation carried a higher risk of recurrence.

Evaluation of the lymphocyte interphase nuclei phenotype by quantitative phase imaging (QPI) in patients with endometrial ovarian cysts

Rationale: Ovarian endometriosis is a progressive disease with growing prevalence and severity. Therefore, the development of robust non-invasive laboratory screening methods for early diagnosis on the out-patient basis seems quite relevant. Aim: To assess a potential of the quantitative phase imaging technique for early diagnosis of ovarian endometrial cysts and post-operative relapses of the disease. Materials and methods: We analyzed 1578 nuclei of the peripheral blood lymphocytes from 82 patients with ovarian endometrial cysts, aged 21 to 37 years (mean age 26.4 ± 3.6 years). The patients were follow-up in a gynecology out-patient clinic (the town of Yessentuki, Russia). Assessments were made longitudinally, i.e., before a laparoscopic cystectomy, at 6 and 12 months in the post-operative period with or without treatment with dienogest-containing agents. Morphological and functional status of the nuclei from the peripheral blood lymphocytes was assessed in the real-time mode by quantitative phase imaging (QPI) with the phase-interference microscopy module of the Bioni hardware and software complex (Westgrade Ltd., Moscow) for clinical and laboratory diagnostics, and the morphodensitometric segmentation technology. Results: The comparative analysis of morphometric parameters of CD3&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; cells taken from peripheral blood of healthy non-pregnant women and patients with ovarian endometrial cysts before surgery showed a significant increase of the calculated functional activities of the lymphocyte nuclei (0.898 vs 0.783, p &lt; 0.05). Assessment of changes overt time in the differential diagnostic criteria of the nuclear response in the peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with endometrial ovarian cysts showed the following. Compared to the parameters obtained before treatment, at 6 and 12 months of the post-operative period the relative intensity of nuclear segments (ΔI) decreased by 10.3 and 14.7, 10.6 and 12.9% in the group treated with and without dienogest, respectively. Relative distance between the centers of the nuclear segments (ΔL) demonstrated a trend towards an increase by 0.6 and 0.9, 4.2 and 2.1%. The numbers of nuclear segments increased by 18.3 and 13.4, 27.4 and 16.9%, whereas the nuclear perimeter decreased by 13.9 and 12.6, 11.9 and 7.8%, respectively. In the patients treated with dienogest, the rate of non-relapse at 6 and 12 months of the follow-up was 100%, whereas in the patients without dienogest therapy, 97.5 and 93.5%, respectively. Discussion: Interphase chromatin is a unique biosensor of the early abnormalities in a lymphoid cell. Modification of its structure and packaging density not only indicate changes of the morphofunctional status of the lymphocyte, but can be projected to the body as a whole and used for early pre-clinical diagnosis, assessment of severity of the pathological process and prediction of the outcome in various critic states. Conclusion: Practical implementation of QPI for clinical monitoring of patients with ovarian endometrial cysts makes it possible to obtain important information on the cell immunity in real time. It opens new opportunities to assess the efficacy of treatment and rehabilitation activities, as well as for early pre-clinical diagnosis of relapsing disease.

EP30.02: Study on contrast‐enhanced ultrasound features in the sclerotherapy of ovarian endometrial cyst

EP30.02: Study on contrast‐enhanced ultrasound features in the sclerotherapy of ovarian endometrial cyst

Diagnostic value of multi-parameter MRI in ovarian endometriosis

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of multi-parameter MRI in diagnosing ovarian endometrial cysts. Methods Pelvic MRI of 68 patients with confirmed pathological diagnosis were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into ovarian endometriosis (35 patients with 42 lesions, group A) and other cystic lesions (33 patients with 38 lesions , group B).The signal intensity value of T1WI, T2WI of cyst fluid and iliopsoas, ADC value, phase values and R2*values were obtained, cyst fluid/iliopsoas ratios (T1R and T2R) were calculated. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was employed to compare parameter values between the two groups. The values of diagnostic performance were analyzed by using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Use the Logistics regression parameters of diagnostic efficacy to select the highest Youden index for the best parameter association after combining the parameters step by step. Results The median of T1R,T2R,ADC,phase,T1R and R2* values for group A were 3.39,5.28,1.20×10-3mm2/s,2.19×10-2, 15.08 Hz respectively, and that of group B were 0.91, 10.85, 2.64×10-3mm2/s,2.67×10-2, 3.01 Hz, respectively. There were statistically significant difference between the two groups (P 0.05).When combining T1R,ADC value,R2* value together,the Youden index (0.849 7) was highest. Conclusion Combining T1R,ADC and R2* values can provide an effective way to discriminate endometrial ovarian cyst from other ovary cystic lesions. Key words: Ovarian neoplasms; Endometriosis; Magnetic resonance imaging

Split thickness skin graft for cervicovaginal reconstruction in congenital atresia of cervix

To introduce a new technique that combines laparoscopic and vaginal cervicovaginal reconstruction using split thickness skin graft in patients with congenital atresia of the cervix. Video article introducing a new surgical technique. University hospital. A 16-year-old patient with congenital cervical atresia, vaginal dysgenesis, and ovarian endometrial cyst. An original technique of combined laparoscopic and vaginal cervicovaginal reconstruction using split thickness skin graft for cervicovaginal reconstruction. A midline incision at the vaginal introitus was made, and a 9-cm canal was made between the bladder and the rectum using sharp and blunt dissection along the anatomic vaginal route, with the aid of laparoscopy to ensure correct orientation. A 14 × 12 cm split thickness skin graft was harvested from the right lateral thigh. By laparoscopy, the level of the lowest pole of the uterine cavity was exposed and the cervix was incised by shape dissection. The proximal segment of the harvested skin to the lower uterine segment was secured, and the distal segment was sutured with the upper margin of vulva vaginally. Surgical technique reports in anonymous patients are exempted from ethical approval by the Institutional Review Board. The patient gave consent to use the video in the article. The procedure was successfully completed. Since February 2013, our experiences of combined laparoscopic and vaginal cervicovaginal reconstruction using split thickness skin graft in 10 patients with congenital atresia of cervix were positive, with successful results and without complications or cervical, or vaginal stenosis. Our technique is feasible and safe for congenital atresia of cervix, with successful results and without complications or cervical or vaginal stenosis.

Prediction of the therapeutic effect of dienogest in ovarian endometrial cysts using the apparent diffusion coefficient

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mean values can be used for predicting the treatment response in ovarian endometrial cyst patients with dienogest (DNG) administration. Eighteen patients received DNG (2 mg/day, orally) for 60 days, among whom 26 ovarian endometrial cysts were retrospectively identified. Mean ADC values of individual ovarian endometrial cysts were obtained by ADC maps inside the tumor. There was a significant correlation between ADC values and reduction ratio. When calculating the mean ADC values for three groups; more than 50%, 50–25% and less than 25%, ADC values significantly increased with increasing reduction ratio; 2.05 × 10−3 mm2/s, 1.28 × 10−3 mm2/s and 0.94 × 10−3 mm2/s, respectively (p = 0.0180). Multiple regression analysis by reduction ratio (%), ADC mean values (×10−3 mm2/s), tumor longest diameter (cm) and CA125 (U/ml) revealed that tumor reduction ratio by DNG administration could be predicted by the following equation; R = 19.3 + 24.0x – 0.4y + 0.1z (R: Reduction ratio, x: ADC mean, y: Longest diameter, z: CA125). In conclusion, the ADC mean value is useful for the prediction of the treatment response in ovarian endometrial cyst patients with DNG administration.

A Case Report: Puerperal Ovarian Cancer in a Patient with a Prior History of Fertility Treatment and Ovarian Endometrial Cyst

Introduction: It has been suggested the relationship between infertility treatment and ovarian cancer. Furthermore, endometriosis that is one of the causes of the infertility tends to develop into endometrioid adenocarcinoma and clear cell carcinoma in many studies. Case: A 38-year-old woman underwent laparoscopic enucleation of bilateral ovarian endometrial cysts at 29 and 33 years old. She then received 11 sessions of artificial insemination and 7 cycles of ovarian stimulation, egg collection, in vitro fertilization, and embryo transfer at multiple medical institutions before conceiving and giving birth to her first child. After naturally conceiving her second child, she presented at our hospital for pregnancy/delivery management with a right ovarian tumor. She underwent abdominal right adnexectomy for a mucinous cystic tumor of borderline malignancy at 36 years old (17 weeks of pregnancy with the second child). After vaginal delivery at 38 weeks, a 1-month postpartum checkup revealed a left adnexal mass and ascites. Further workup led to a diagnosis of left ovarian cancer. The cancer was diagnosed by ovarian biopsy as unresectable stage-IIIc endometrioid carcinoma. Despite chemotherapy, the patient developed liver metastasis during treatment and died due to worsened general condition 9 months after childbirth. In addition to ovarian endometrial cyst, repeated cycles of injury and repair of the ovarian surface epithelium are also suggested to mediate the development of epithelial ovarian cancer. Conclusion: Evaluation of long-term outcome and follow-up of patients who have undergone fertility treatment should be addressed.

巨大卵巣チョコレート嚢胞に対する腹腔鏡手術の工夫

Object: Abdominal laparotomy is often performed to treat large ovarian endometrial cysts. We determined the safety and feasibility of performing laparoscopic resection for large endometrial ovarian cysts.Design: A retrospective cohort study. Methods: Between June 2005 and August 2013, we performed laparoscopic surgery in 534 patients with endometrial ovarian cysts at the Yotsuya Medical Cube Women's Center. Patients with ovarian endometrial cysts were divided into the large-cysts ( ≥ 10 cm) and normal-size cysts ( < 10 cm) groups. In cases of large ovarian endometriosis with severe adhesion, we performed laparoscopic-assisted ovarian cystectomy (LAC) using double balloon catheters, which combined intra- and extra-abdominal procedures with small incisions instead of a large open laparotomy. We compared the rates of operative complication, operative time, amount of bleeding, and pathological findings between the two groups.Results: We performed laparoscopic surgery in 45 patients with large ovarian cysts. More patients had high serum CA-125 scores and r-ASRM scores in the large-cysts group than in the normal-size cysts group. Patients in the large-cysts group had severe endometriosis, and we performed the LAC procedure in 14 patients of this group. The average operative time and amount of bleeding were increased in the large-cysts group compared with the normal-size cysts group. However, there were no differences in the operative complications between the groups.Conclusion: We performed laparoscopic cystectomy in 45 cases of large severe endometrial cysts without complications. These results suggest that laparoscopic management of large endometrial ovarian cysts is safe and feasible.

Immunoexpression of the PTEN protein and matrix metalloproteinase-2 in endometrial cysts, endometrioid and clear cell ovarian cancer

Endometrioid and clear cell ovarian adenocarcinomas are suspected to derive from ectopic endometrial foci. The aim of the study was to determine PTEN and MMP-2 immunoexpression in endometrial ovarian cysts, endometrioid and clear cell ovarian carcinomas and to assess the relationship between the abovementioned values and clinical data of patients in order to find the marker of increased risk of malignant proliferation based on ovarian endometriotic lesions. Detailed analysis of the collected data was conducted to investigate the correlation between immunohistochemical expression of the examined antigens, histopathological diagnosis and clinical condition of patients. 20 endometrial adenocarcinomas, 21 clear cell ovarian cancers and 26 endometrial cysts were included in the study The control group consisted of 29 specimens of physiological endometrium: 16 samples of the proliferative phase and 13 samples of the secretory phase. Protein expression of PTEN and MMP-2 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry Protein immunoexpression in the collected specimens was estimated with the use of light microscope and MultiScan software. Immunoreactivity of the PTEN antigen was assessed by the quantitative method, whereas MMP-2 immunoexpression was evaluated by the semi-quantitative method. Two-sided tests were used for statistical inference. Generalized linear models were used to compare the studied groups. Error distributions were selected using the Akaike criterion (AIC). Statistical analysis was conducted with the use of the R Statistical Package. MMP-2 immunoreactivity differed significantly between the study groups and controls (p<0.001). PTEN immunoexpression was the strongest in endometrial cysts (53.7 %), lower in clear cell cancers (50.2%) and the lowest in endometrioid adenocarcinomas (43.88%), but the differences were not statistically significant (p=0.17). PTEN reactivity in the group of endometrioid carcinomas was significantly higher (p=0.02), while MMP-2 expression had a falling tendency (p=0.076) in obese women. Increased MMP-2 expression in the successive groups may imply a rising invasive potential of the epithelial cells in endometrial cysts, endometrioid and clear cell adenocarcinomas. Strong immunoreactivity for PTEN in proliferative endometrium implies its role in the regulation of endometrial proliferation. PTEN activity may reduce MMP-2 expression in insulin resistant women suffering from endometrial ovarian cancer Simultaneous evaluation of PTEN and MMP-2 immunoexpression in ectopic endometrial foci cannot be used to identify women with an increased risk of neoplastic transformation.

Effects of long-acting GnRH-a combined with transvaginal ultrasound-guided ovarian endometrial cyst aspiration on the pregnancy outcomes of in vitro fertilization of embryo transfer

To obeserve the effects of long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) combined with transvaginal ultrasound-guided ovarian endometrial cyst aspiration on the pregnancy outcomes of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) in the infertile patients with ovarian endometrial cyst.

Zasady usuwania torbieli endometrialnych jajników ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem rezerwy jajnikowej

ENWEndNote BIBJabRef, Mendeley RISPapers, Reference Manager, RefWorks, Zotero AMA Owczarek D, Malinowski A. Principles of removal of endometrial ovarian cysts with particular reference to ovarian reserve. Menopause Review/Przegląd Menopauzalny. 2012;11(5):404-411. doi:10.5114/pm.2012.31467. APA Owczarek, D., & Malinowski, A. (2012). Principles of removal of endometrial ovarian cysts with particular reference to ovarian reserve. Menopause Review/Przegląd Menopauzalny, 11(5), 404-411. https://doi.org/10.5114/pm.2012.31467 Chicago Owczarek, Dariusz, and Andrzej Malinowski. 2012. "Principles of removal of endometrial ovarian cysts with particular reference to ovarian reserve". Menopause Review/Przegląd Menopauzalny 11 (5): 404-411. doi:10.5114/pm.2012.31467. Harvard Owczarek, D., and Malinowski, A. (2012). Principles of removal of endometrial ovarian cysts with particular reference to ovarian reserve. Menopause Review/Przegląd Menopauzalny, 11(5), pp.404-411. https://doi.org/10.5114/pm.2012.31467 MLA Owczarek, Dariusz et al. "Principles of removal of endometrial ovarian cysts with particular reference to ovarian reserve." Menopause Review/Przegląd Menopauzalny, vol. 11, no. 5, 2012, pp. 404-411. doi:10.5114/pm.2012.31467. Vancouver Owczarek D, Malinowski A. Principles of removal of endometrial ovarian cysts with particular reference to ovarian reserve. Menopause Review/Przegląd Menopauzalny. 2012;11(5):404-411. doi:10.5114/pm.2012.31467.

Laparoscopic Surgery for Bladder Endometriosis: A Case Report

A 33-year-old woman was referred to us by the department of urology because of cyclic bladder pain during menstruation. Cystoscopy showed a 3.5-cm-diameter tumor in the bladder mucosa, and a biopsy showed chronic cystitis. Transvaginal ultrasound and pelvic magnetic resonance imaging revealed a left endometrial ovarian cyst. Although a biopsy did not prove bladder endometriosis, we diagnosed bladder endometriosis on the basis of the characteristic clinical findings. Laparoscopic partial cystectomy for bladder endometriosis and left ovarian endometrial cyst resection were performed. The bladder was closed in one layer using Z sutures with #3-0 polyglactin 910. Indigo carmine dye was then used to check for any leakage. The procedure lasted 4 hours, and the estimated blood loss was 10mL. There were no technique problems or complications. The Foley catheter was removed after 7 days. The symptoms had resolved by 4 weeks after surgery, and the patient was released to routine follow-up. The patient had complete resolution of bladder symptoms and cyclic pelvic pain and was delighted with the absence of pain and the cosmetic result.

A surgical window to access the obliterated posterior cul-de-sac at vaginal hysterectomy

Objective To perform vaginal hysterectomy and adnexectomy without laparoscopic assistance in women with ovarian endometriosis by accessing the posterior cul-de-sac via the posterior uterocervical–broad ligament space. Method The author identified the posterior uterocervical–broad ligament space as a surgical window while reviewing his experience at accessing the pouch of Douglas in 40 women in whom vaginal hysterectomy without laparoscopic assistance was performed for ovarian endometriosis. He then used this window in 102 women to remove the adnexa vaginally during vaginal hysterectomy, also without laparoscopy. Results This new technique was successful in 98 women, with no major complications, but 4 of the first 50 required laparotomy to complete the surgery. Conclusion This new approach allows experienced surgeons to treat women with endometrial ovarian cysts by removing the adnexa vaginally during vaginal hysterectomy without laparoscopy, and complete the surgery abdominally or laparoscopically when necessary.

Raumforderungen im kleinen Becken aus Sicht des Urologen

Pelvic tumors originating from outside the urinary tract commonly invade the urogenital organs by direct extension mainly because of the close relationships between the pelvic organs. Benign tumors such as endometrial myoma, ovarian cyst and adenoma of the colon might lead to the development of urogenital symptoms. This is also the case with malignant tumors of the uterus, ovaries, cervix and colon where infiltration of the urogenital organs might be noted. The most commonly mentioned symptoms involve incontinence, infections, obstructive symptoms, and in terminal cases those of renal failure. These are the symptoms that lead to the diagnosis of the primary tumor. It has to be kept in mind that urogenital tumors with such symptoms have to be included in the differential diagnosis. The therapeutic measures are directed at first to relieve the symptoms before intending to deal with the causative source. An example is the development of hydronephrosis, where the initial measure has to be the immediate relief of the obstruction through draining of either the kidney or the urinary bladder. The possibility of eradicating the tumor is then to be discussed after relieving the obstruction.

Les formes anatomocliniques de l'endométriose

The aim of this literature review is to precise definition, anatomoclinical entities and natural history of endometriosis to allow clinical guideline establishment. Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial tissue (glands and stroma) outside the uterus. This histologic definition does not implicate symptoms. Macroscopic lesions supposed to be endometriosis are not always confirmed by histology. Histology is recommended to confirm endometriosis. Negative histology does not exclude endometriosis. Three endometriosis entities are described: peritoneal endometriosis, ovarian endometrial cyst, and deeply infiltrating endometriosis. There is no evidence to establish a different pathogenesis of theses entities. It is not well known. It may progress or regress with or without treatment. There is no evidence of treatment in case of asymptomatic endometriosis. There is an association between endometriosis and ovarian cancer. The risk of endometriosis malignant transformation is still a subject of controversy. There is no evidence for a specific oncologic follow-up of woman having endometriosis.

Methylation-associated silencing of the Wnt antagonist SFRP1 gene in human ovarian cancers.

The SFRP1 gene on chromosome 8p11.2 encodes a Wnt signaling antagonist, and was recently demonstrated to be a new tumor suppressor that is inactivated by promoter methylation in human colon cancers. Here, we analyzed promoter methylation of the SFRP1 gene in human ovarian cancers, in which loss of heterozygosity in 8p is frequently observed and involvement of the Wnt signaling pathway has been suggested. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) analysis showed that four of 13 ovarian cancer cell lines and two of 17 primary ovarian cancers had methylated SFRP1, while an immortalized ovarian epithelial cell line, HOSE, and seven ovarian endometrial cyst samples did not. In the four ovarian cancer cell lines with the methylation, SFRP1 was not expressed at all as determined by quantitative RT-PCR analysis. A cell line with SFRP1 methylation, MCAS, was treated with a demethylating agent, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, and demethylation of the promoter and re-expression of SFRP1 were observed. These results show that SFRP1 is inactivated by promoter methylation in human ovarian cancers, as well as colon cancers.

Management of ovarian endometrial cyst by ultrasonographically guided aspiration before laparoscopic operation

Management of ovarian endometrial cyst by ultrasonographically guided aspiration before laparoscopic operation