Endogenous Indole Research Articles

Phytohormones,Rhizobium mutants, and nodulation in legumes. IV. Auxin metabolites in pea root nodules

High specific activity [3H]indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was applied directly to root nodules of intact pea plants. After 24 h, radioactivity was detected in all plant tissues. In nodule and root tissue, only 2–3% of3H remained as IAA, and analysis by thin layer chromatography suggested that indole-3-acetyl-L-aspartic acid (IAAsp) was a major metabolite. The occurrence of IAAsp in pea root and nodule tissue was confirmed unequivocally by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The following endogenous indole compounds were also unequivocally identified in pea root nodules by GC-MS: IAA, indole-3-pyruvic acid, indole-3-lactic acid, indole-3-propionic acid, indole-3-butyric acid, and indole-3-carboxylic acid. Evidence of the occurrence of indole-3-methanol was also obtained. With the exception of IAA and indole-3-propionic acid, these compounds have not previously been unequivocally identified in a higher plant tissue.

Relation of gibberellic acid-induced growth of wheat coleoptiles with indole acetic acid

Summary Gibberellic acid (GA3) induced elongation of wheat coleoptile sections and its relation with endogenous indole acetic acid was studied. Growth promotion by GA was reduced to half when oxidation of endogenous IAA was prevented by pretreatment of the coleoptiles with EDTA or a mixture of chlorogenic acid and 2,2′-dipyridyl. The effect of GA was reduced to ¼ when the endogenous methyleneoxindole (MeOx), an oxidation product of IAA, was made unavailable to GA3 during its action. External application of hydroxymethyloxindole (HMO), earliest oxidation product of IAA, helped GA to regain its full activity even when oxidation of endogenous IAA was inhibited. It is concluded that endogenous IAA, more precisely, its oxidation products, were necessary for GA in exhibiting its growth promoting activity on wheat coleoptile sections.

Influences of Indole-3-Acetic Acid and Kinetin on Rooting and Indole Metabolism of Feijoa sellowiana1

Abstract A series of 6 experiments was initiated October 9, 1964, to find root promoting or inhibiting factors in Feijoa sellowiana stem cuttings, to find a method of promoting rooting in difïicult-to-root plants, and to obtain information on indole metabolism in cuttings during the rooting process. The ability to root in response to IAA or kinetin varied greatly between clones. Both kinetin and IAA promoted rooting of one clone but had no effect on 2 others. Gas chromatographic analysis did not reveal any endogenous indole compounds in leafless stems. Indoles may have been present, but were masked by other compounds present in samples. IAA applied to cuttings was detected in samples taken immediately after treatment but not in samples taken 24 hr later. An unknown compound believed to be an inhibitor was found in both moderately easy and difficult-to-root clones but the content was 5 times higher in the latter. Effective levels of kinetin and IAA were found to be 0.10 and 70.00 mg/liter respectively when applied as an 8 hr basal soak.

Uniconazole effect on endogenous hormones, proteins and proline contents of barley plants (Hordeum vulgare) under salinity stress (NaCl)

Abstract. Bakheta MA, Hussein MM. 2014. Uniconazole effect on endogenous hormones, proteins and proline contents of barley plants (Hordeum vulgare) under salinity stress (NaCl). Nusantara Bioscience 6: 39-44. Pot experiments were carried out during two growth seasons 2010/2011 under greenhouse conditions of the National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt to investigate the response of barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L) grown under salinity stress (2500 or 5000 ppm) to spraying with solutions of uniconazole at 150 or 200 ppm. The obtained results showed that irrigation with saline solutions caused increases in the amounts of abscisic acid (ABA), crude protein, total soluble-protein, and proline contents. The results showed that spraying barley plants grown under saline solutions with uniconazole increased endogenous hormone contents of ABA, cytokinins, crude protein, total soluble protein, and proline but caused decreases in the amounts of endogenous indole acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA3). High protection of abscisic acid in treating plants with uniconazole and under salt stress (interaction effect) increases proline, proteins and soluble protein which has been proposed to act as compatible solutes that adjust the osmotic potential in the cytoplasm. Thus, these biochemical characters can be used as a metabolic marker in relation to salinity stress.

An indole stress reactant. A preliminary report.

Introduction With the work of Young et al. in 1951, 1 and McGeer et al., 2 and others, interest has been reawakened in aromatic metabolism in psychiatric patients. Recent work with serotonin 3 and the hallucinogenic effect of compounds containing the indole nucleus 4 has focused interest more specifically on the possible role of endogenous indole aromatic compounds in mental disease. The current literature is replete with conflicting reports concerning abnormalities in indole excretion. 5 Kety 6 has pointed out many of the potential sources of error in these studies including diet, medication, and technical errors in the analytic procedure. We are currently engaged in studies with the purpose of evaluating these extraneous sources of abnormalities in studies of indole excretion in man. Among other factors, we are studying the effect of nonspecific stress on indole compound excretion. Studies by Knox 7 and other have shown that corticoids produce