Endodontic Preparation Research Articles

Influence of Cervical and Apical Enlargement Associated with the WaveOne System on the Transportation and Centralization of Endodontic Preparations

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to evaluate through computed microtomography the transportation and centralization of root canals instrumented using the WaveOne system (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) associated or unassociated with previous apical and cervical enlargements. MethodsThirty-six mandibular molars were selected with independent mesial roots and curvatures and randomized into the following groups: PathFile (Dentsply Maillefer) before WaveOne Primary (the PFWO group), ProTaper Universal SX (Dentsply Maillefer) before WaveOne Primary (the SXWO group), and WaveOne Primary (the WO group). Computed microtomographic imaging was performed pre- and postpreparation to obtain measurements of mesial and distal dentin walls and calculations of root canal transportation (%) and centralization. One-way analysis of variance was performed to compare the different groups, repeated measures analysis of variance for comparison of the root thirds in each group, and the Student t test for comparisons between the mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals. ResultsTransportation of the cervical and middle thirds to the danger zone was observed in both roots, whereas the apical thirds were transported to the outer face of the curvature. In the PFWO and SXWO groups, less transportation was observed in the middle thirds of the mesiobuccal canals compared with the WO group (P < .05). Centralization remained almost unchanged in the SXWO group (P < .05). ConclusionsIn each group, transportation toward the danger zone was mostly observed in the cervical thirds of the mesiobuccal canals. Cervical or apical enlargement resulted in reduced transportation and improved centralization of the middle thirds compared with the exclusive use of the WaveOne system.

Satisfaction of undergraduate students at University of Jordan after root canal treatment of posterior teeth using rotary or hand preparation.

The aim of this study was to report the satisfaction of fifth year undergraduate students on the clinical use of rotary endodontic preparation compared with stainless steel standard technique and to evaluate the impact of rotary nickel-titanium instruments on undergraduate teaching. This study was carried out by the fifth year undergraduate students attending peer review sessions as a part of their training program using a questionnaire to assess their satisfaction with these two techniques. The overall results indicated a statistically significant satisfaction of the undergraduate students with the use of the nickel-titanium system (P < 0.001) compared to stainless steel standard technique. Under the conditions of this study, the results showed a positive acceptance and consensus among novice dental students regarding the use of ProTaper rotary files and the need for undergraduate teaching of rotary nickel-titanium systems in Jordan.

Computed tomography evaluation of rotary systems on the root canal transportation and centering ability.

The endodontic preparation of curved and narrow root canals is challenging, with a tendency for the prepared canal to deviate away from its natural axis. The aim of this study was to evaluate, by cone-beam computed tomography, the transportation and centering ability of curved mesiobuccal canals in maxillary molars after biomechanical preparation with different nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary systems. Forty teeth with angles of curvature ranging from 20° to 40° and radii between 5.0 mm and 10.0 mm were selected and assigned into four groups (n = 10), according to the biomechanical preparative system used: Hero 642 (HR), Liberator (LB), ProTaper (PT), and Twisted File (TF). The specimens were inserted into an acrylic device and scanned with computed tomography prior to, and following, instrumentation at 3, 6 and 9 mm from the root apex. The canal degree of transportation and centering ability were calculated and analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests (α = 0.05). The results demonstrated no significant difference (p > 0.05) in shaping ability among the rotary systems. The mean canal transportation was: -0.049 ± 0.083 mm (HR); -0.004 ± 0.044 mm (LB); -0.003 ± 0.064 mm (PT); -0.021 ± 0.064 mm (TF). The mean canal centering ability was: -0.093 ± 0.147 mm (HR); -0.001 ± 0.100 mm (LB); -0.002 ± 0.134 mm (PT); -0.033 ± 0.133 mm (TF). Also, there was no significant difference among the root segments (p > 0.05). It was concluded that the Hero 642, Liberator, ProTaper, and Twisted File rotary systems could be safely used in curved canal instrumentation, resulting in satisfactory preservation of the original canal shape.

Real-time evaluation of two light delivery systems for photodynamic disinfection of Candida albicans biofilm in curved root canals.

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) combined with endodontic treatment has been recognized as an alternative approach to complement conventional root canal disinfection methods on bacterial biofilms. We developed an in vitro model of bioluminescent Candida albicans biofilm inside curved dental root canals and investigated the microbial reduction produced when different light delivery methods are employed. Each light delivery method was evaluated in respect to the light distribution provided inside curved root canals. After conventional endodontic preparation, teeth were sterilized before canals were contaminated by a bioluminescent strain of C. albicans (CEC789). Methylene blue (90μM) was introduced into the canals and then irradiated (λ = 660nm, P = 100mW, beam diameter = 2mm) with laser tip either in contact with pulp chamber or within the canal using an optical diffuser fiber. Light distribution was evaluated by CCD camera, and microbial reduction was monitored through bioluminescence imaging. Our findings demonstrated that the bioluminescent C. albicans biofilm model had good reproducibility and uniformity. Light distribution in dental tissue was markedly dependent on the light delivery system, and this strategy was directly related to microbial destruction. Both light delivery systems performed significant fungal inactivation. However, when irradiation was performed with optical diffuser fiber, microbial burden reduction was nearly 100 times more effective. Bioluminescence is an interesting real-time analysis to endodontic C. albicans biofilm inactivation. APDT showed to be an effective way to inactivate C. albicans biofilms. Diffuser fibers provided optimized light distribution inside curved root canals and significantly increased APDT efficiency.

Critical instrumentation area: influence of root canal anatomy on the endodontic preparation.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the root canal anatomy of mandibular incisors before and after endodontic instrumentation, identifying regions inaccessible to the action of files (Critical instrumentation Area - CA) in a three-dimensional perspective. Thirty human mandibular central incisors were selected, assigned to two groups (n=15) and instrumented using ProTaper Universal rotary files. In the RX group, longitudinal digital radiographic images were obtained in the buccolingual (BL) and mesiodistal (MD) views. In the CT group, cross-sectional micro-computed tomography (µCT) images were obtained at 3, 9 and 15 mm from the apex. The canal area of the specimens was evaluated before and after instrumentation using digital images from each group. Data were analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA with subdivided parcels and Tukey's test (α=0.05). The canal area found in the MD radiographs was larger than in the BL radiographs, which was also confirmed in the transversal images (p<0.01). The CA was only detected in the MD radiographs and µCT scans. On the root canal configuration, a continuous reduction in the canal conicity was observed in BL radiographs, while in MD view there was a constriction at the cervical third and subsequent increase at the middle third (p<0.01). The conical shape of the root canal was observed only in the BL view. The canal enlargement in BL radiographs was not indicative of homogeneous instrumentation, since unprepared areas (CA) were also verified on the buccal and lingual walls in different images.

The effect of endodontic chemicals on the retention of fiber posts luted using a self-adhesive cement

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of endodontic chemical substances on the retention of fiber posts luted using a self-adhesive cement. Single-canal human roots of 75 teeth were divided into 5 groups (n = 15). Root canals were instrumented with one of the following substances: 0.9% NaCl (control); 5.25% sodium hypochlorite; 5.25% Sodium hypochlorite + 17% EDTA; 2% chlorhexidine gel; 2% chlorhexidine gel + 17% EDTA. After chemo-mechanical preparation, fiber post cementation was performed with self-adhesive resin cement (RelyX Unicem, 3 M/ESPE). One-way ANOVA was performed followed by a multiple comparison Tukey post hoc test (α = 5%). The use of 2% chlorhexidine gel resulted bond strength statistically similar to the control group (p = 0.418), which was higher than the other groups. A final irrigation with 17% EDTA significantly reduced bond strength (p < 0.001). The use of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite negatively affected the bond strength, either with or without a final irrigation with 17% EDTA (p < 0.001). Our results suggest that 2% chlorhexidine gel used during endodontic chemo-mechanical preparation, without a final irrigation with 17% EDTA, promotes a more favorable condition to the retention of fiber posts luted using a self-adhesive cement than 5.25% sodium hypochlorite.

Pull-out bond strength of a fibre-reinforced composite post system luted with self-adhesive resin cements

ObjectivesDue to morphological differences along the root canal, serious structural damage, or extensive endodontic preparation, cement thickness of luted fibre-reinforced composite (FRC) post systems can largely vary. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of a self-etch (Multilink Automix, MLA) and various self-adhesive resin cements (G-Cem, GCM; Maxcem Elite, MXE; RelyX Unicem, RLX; SmartCem 2, SMC) on the pull-out bond strengths of FRC posts to root canal dentine, and to compare the effects of different cementation thicknesses. Methods100 bovine incisor roots were embedded in acrylic resin and randomly assigned to two groups. Root canals of group 1 were prepared with RelyX Fiber Post drill size one (Ø 1.3mm), whereas in group 2 drill size three (Ø 1.9mm) was used to attain different cement thicknesses (thicknesses 1 and 2). Each group was then subdivided into five subgroups (n=10). RelyX Fiber Posts size one (Ø 0.70mm) were luted with the respective resin cements. All specimens were subjected to pull-out evaluation using a universal testing machine. Post surface areas covered with cement were measured by means of stereomicroscopy. ResultsRLX revealed the significantly highest pull-out bond strengths in both groups (p<0.05), while MXE exhibited the significantly lowest pull-out bond strengths in group 2 (p<0.05). Main failure modes were determined as adhesive at the cement-post surface for all examined groups (except for SMC, group 2). ConclusionsThe different resin cements influenced the pull-out bond strengths, whereas the cement thickness itself was not responsible for any differences. Clinical significanceSelf-adhesive resin cements can provide an acceptable retention of FRC posts even in case of use with wider post space conditions.

Micro-CT assessment of two different endodontic preparation systems

The aim of this study was to compare two endodontic preparation systems using micro-CT analysis. Twenty-four one-rooted mandibular premolars were selected and randomly assigned to two groups. The samples (n = 12) of Group 1 were prepared using the ProTaper Universal rotary system, while Group 2 (n = 12) was prepared using the EndoEZE AET system complemented by manual apical preparation with K-type hand files up to #30. A 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution was used in both groups for irrigating. Both groups were scanned by high-resolution microcomputed tomography before and after preparation (SkyScan 1172, SkyScan, Kontich, Belgium). The root canal volume and surface area was measured before and after preparation, and the differences were calculated and analyzed for statistically significant differences using ANOVA complemented by the Tukey test (p < 0.05). The results showed no statistically significant differences between the mean volumes of dentin removal by the two systems. However, the EndoEZE AET system presented a significantly greater mean surface area compared to the ProTaper system (p < 0.05). The EndoEZE AET system enabled preparation of a greater root canal surface area when compared to the ProTaper Universal system. There seemed to be no difference in dentin volume loss between the two systems used.

Micro-CT assessment of two different endodontic preparation systems

The aim of this study was to compare two endodontic preparation systems using micro-CT analysis. Twenty-four one-rooted mandibular premolars were selected and randomly assigned to two groups. The samples (n = 12) of Group 1 were prepared using the ProTaper Universal rotary system, while Group 2 (n = 12) was prepared using the EndoEZE AET system complemented by manual apical preparation with K-type hand files up to #30. A 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution was used in both groups for irrigating. Both groups were scanned by high-resolution microcomputed tomography before and after preparation (SkyScan 1172, SkyScan, Kontich, Belgium). The root canal volume and surface area was measured before and after preparation, and the differences were calculated and analyzed for statistically significant differences using ANOVA complemented by the Tukey test (p < 0.05). The results showed no statistically significant differences between the mean volumes of dentin removal by the two systems. However, the EndoEZE AET system presented a significantly greater mean surface area compared to the ProTaper system (p < 0.05). The EndoEZE AET system enabled preparation of a greater root canal surface area when compared to the ProTaper Universal system. There seemed to be no difference in dentin volume loss between the two systems used.

Mandibular Bone and Soft Tissues Necrosis Caused by an Arsenical Endodontic Preparation Treated with Piezoelectric Device

This paper describes a case of wide mandibular bone necrosis associated with significant soft tissues injury after using an arsenical endodontic preparation in the right lower second molar for endodontic purpose. Authors debate about the hazardous effects of the arsenic paste and the usefulness of piezosurgery for treatment of this drug related bone necrosis.

Bactericidal Effects of Nd:YAG Laser Irradiation and Sodium Hypochlorite Solution onEnterococcus FaecalisBiofilm

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bactericidal effects of Nd:YAG laser on biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis. It is difficult to eliminate bacterial biofilms with routine endodontic preparation techniques. It might be possible to eliminate biofilms remaining in the root canals of teeth with lasers. The root canals of 60 extracted teeth were prepared and E. faecalis biofilms were formed within the root canals. Then the teeth were randomly divided into four groups of 15. Group 1 samples did not undergo any interventions, to serve as controls. Group 2 samples underwent a 3-W laser beam for 10 sec. The root canals in group 3 were irrigated with 1% sodium hypochlorite for 15 min and then irradiated with a 3-W laser beam for 10 sec. The root canals in group 4 were irrigated with 1% sodium hypochlorite for 15 min. Dentin chips were collected from the root canal walls and weighed. Then the chips were used to prepare a suspension. The classic colony-forming unit (CFU) counting technique was used to determine remaining bacterial counts. The bacterial counts in groups 2 and 4 had decreased to 54% and 2.39% of the control group, respectively. In group 3 no bacterial growth was observed. There were no significant differences between groups 1 and 2 (p>0.05). Based on the results of the present study, the effect of Nd:YAG laser beam on E. faecalis biofilm is less than that of sodium hypochlorite solution. A combination of laser and sodium hypochlorite results in complete elimination of E. faecalis biofilm.

Undergraduates’ opinion after 5-year experience with rotary endodontic instruments

Introduction: Dentistry evolution in the past few years has revolutionized daily practice in some specialties. One of these revolutions has occurred in Endodontics due to the advancement of rotary techniques for root canal preparation and its subsequent incorporation into the teaching of Dentistry undergraduates. Objective: The aim of this study was to report a 5-year experience on the undergraduate laboratorial and clinical use of rotary endodontic preparation at a private university. Material and methods: Data survey was performed by using a questionnaire composed of nine objective questions; the questionnaire was answered by the undergraduates. Results: The results showed a positive acceptance regarding the undergraduate teaching of the rotary technique (94.7%). The following advantages were highlighted: faster root canal preparation (91.6%) and reduction of patient’s stress (80.9%). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the experience with the two undergraduate groups was excellent due to the high acceptance level of the new technique by the students.

The impact of post preparation on the residual dentin thickness of maxillary molars

The oval-shaped palatal roots of maxillary molars usually have smaller cross-sectional diameter in the buccolingual direction. However, the effect of parallel-sided post preparation on the remaining dentin thickness of root canal walls is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate, in vitro, the residual dentin thickness (RDT) of palatal roots in maxillary molars after various intracanal procedures for post placement, and to determine the risk of root canal perforation or weakening on different root canal walls at 2 levels, coronal and apical. Fifteen extracted first maxillary molars exhibiting radiographic mesiodistal root canal widths ranging from 3.8 to 4.2 mm, measured at 5 mm from the apex, were selected from a pool of teeth. The teeth were horizontally sectioned at 2 levels, coronal and apical, after being embedded in acrylic resin with the aid of a metal index, allowing identical repositioning of the sectioned parts throughout the study. Each sectioned surface was photographed with a digital camera coupled to a microscope. The palatal roots were subsequently prepared for post placement as follows: endodontic preparation up to file K50, Largo 3 and 4 drills, and ParaPost 4.5 and 5.0. Cross-sections were rephotographed after each step. Image J software was used to measure the RDT of each root wall at both levels, and data were further analyzed with a 3-way ANOVA/General Linear Model (GLM) for repeated measures. The post-hoc Tukey's range test was used to calculate differences in RDT among the 4 root walls at each root level (α=.05). A significant difference was observed among the intracanal procedures (P<.001). At the apical level, RDT was significantly lower after ParaPost preparation than at the coronal level (P=.009). Buccal and palatal walls displayed significantly lower RDT than the mesial and distal walls at both levels (P=.004). Intracanal preparation up to ParaPost 5.0 increased the risk of perforation or weakening of the buccal and palatal walls, especially at the apical level.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Endodontic Treatment Prediction

The necessary condition for successful endodontic treatment is the precise mapping of the shape of dental cavities. The aim of this work has been an elaboration and verification of the possibility of using three-dimensional (3D) spin echo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques in dentistry. Six extracted molar teeth were used for measurements without additional preparation and after endodontic preparation. MRI measurements were carried out on a 4.7 T research MRI system equipped with Maran DRX console. Figures show 3D images of outer surface and inner space of the teeth. The sizes of the presented volumes were calculated. Internal tooth volumes were determined before and after endodontic treatment; total tooth volumes were also measured. Because of the removal of pulp and treatment of chambers and root canals, their volumes increased. Before treatment, the internal tooth volume averaged 55.59 mm 3. After pulp removal and internal tooth treatment, the inner volumes grew from 55.59 mm 3 to a mean value of 125.46 mm 3. Results regarding internal teeth volumes before pulp removal and treatment are more scattered (variation coefficient 26.49%), whereas pulp removal and treatment significantly improve uniformity of results, which is shown by a very small value of the variation coefficient (6.85%). As a result of pulp removal and treatment of the internal tooth, the amount of hard tooth tissue is decreased from 854.40 mm 3 to an average level of 784.53 mm 3. These results indicate the possibility of employing the MRI technique for 3D mapping of the outer topography and inner structure of root canals. Indication of the measuring parameters may facilitate planning of endodontic procedures.

The Ability of Different Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments To Induce Dentinal Damage During Canal Preparation

The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of dentinal defects (fractures and craze lines) after canal preparation with different nickel-titanium rotary files. Two hundred sixty mandibular premolars were selected. Forty teeth were left unprepared ( n = 40). The other teeth were prepared either with manual Flexofiles ( n = 20) or with different rotary files systems: ProTaper (Dentsply-Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), ProFile (Dentsply-Maillefer), SystemGT (Dentsply-Maillefer), or S-ApeX (FKG Dentaire, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland) ( n = 50 each). Roots were then sectioned 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex and observed under a microscope. The presence of dentinal defects was noted. There was a significant difference in the appearance of defects between the groups (p < 0.05). No defects were found in the unprepared roots and those prepared with hand files and S-ApeX. ProTaper, ProFile, and GT preparations resulted in dentinal defects in 16%, 8%, and 4% of teeth, respectively. Some endodontic preparation methods might damage the root and induce dentinal defects.

Residual dentin thickness in bifurcated maxillary first premolars after root canal and post space preparation with parallel-sided drills

The primary factor that determines the prognosis of endodontically treated and restored teeth is preservation of sound dentin. The potential of these teeth to fracture is directly related to the amount of dentin removed. The purpose of this study was to measure residual dentin thickness of bifurcated maxillary first premolars, in vitro, after root canal and conservative post space preparation. Human premolars (n=13) with bifurcation at the junction of cervical and middle root thirds were embedded in a muffle device and horizontally sectioned 2, 4, and 6 mm apically to the cement-enamel junction. Residual dentin thickness was measured at the buccal, lingual, mesial, and distal aspects, apically to the bifurcation, and at the buccal or lingual, mesial, and distal aspects, coronally to the bifurcation. This procedure was repeated at baseline, after endodontic preparation (K-40 file), and after preparing the post space (ParaPost drills Nos. 3 and 4). Residual dentin thickness was analyzed using 3- or 4-way repeated measures ANOVA (alpha=.05). Endodontic therapy and post preparation reduced more dentin in the bifurcation aspects of both roots compared to outer aspects (P=.001). Post space preparation jeopardized the roots due to a residual dentin thickness of less than the recommended minimum 1-mm thickness in 61% (lingual) and 77% (buccal) of roots. Lack of residual dentin thickness after post preparation implies that the use of posts in maxillary first premolars should be limited. When mandatory, it is recommended that the lingual root be used and the buccal root be avoided.

The Ability of Optical Coherence Tomography to Characterize the Root Canal Walls

A detailed understanding of the complexity of root canal systems is imperative to ensure successful root canal therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of an optical coherence tomography (OCT) system in imaging root canal walls after endodontic preparation and to correlate these images to histologic sections. Ten extracted mandibular incisors were prepared to size 50 with K-files and Gates Glidden drills. A three-dimensional OCT scan was made with a rotating optical fiber probe inside the root canal. All teeth were sectioned at 5 and 7 mm from the apex and viewed through a microscope. Histologic sections were compared with the corresponding OCT output. All oval canals, uncleaned fins, risk zones, and one perforation that was detected by histology were also imaged by OCT. OCT proves to be a reliable method to image root canals and root dentin in a nondestructive way. This technique holds promise for full in vivo endodontic imaging.

Influence of cleansers and irrigation methods on primary and permanent root dentin permeability: a literature review

This paper review is key issue to known that the adequate endodontic techniques accomplished on primary and permanent teeth regarding the root dentin permeability. Therefore, it was discussed the efficacy of some cleansers and the influence of two irrigation systems used during endodontic preparation of primary and permanent teeth (manual or ultrasonic activation). The literature was searched for original papers relating cleansers characteristics, cleansers effect of root dentin permeability and the influence of manual irrigation or ultrasonic activation systems regarding primary and permanent endodontic therapy. The articles were selected using Bireme and Medline databases. Manual tracing of references cited in key papers otherwise was not elicited. It can be concluded that regarding cleansers and irrigation systems, there are not enough papers focusing primary teeth to establish patterns of change in the root dentin permeability. However, among the solutions used to treat permanent teeth, all solutions and associations studied increased the root dentin permeability. There was no difference in the root dentin permeability for permanent teeth when compared manual and ultrasonic preparation.

21st Century Endodontics: Part 3

Root canal treatment is often regarded as a simple technical exercise that results in a nice white line on the final radiograph. In fact nothing could be further from the truth, as may be seen from the case illustrated in Figure 1. It is hoped that the first two papers in this series have established that the rationale for modern root canal treatment is the removal of infection from the entire root canal system. This, of course, presumes correct diagnosis and treatment planning, and an essential knowledge of canal morphology. Endodontic preparation is a chemo-mechanical process and both the chemical and the mechanical components play an equal part. The term 'cleaning and shaping' may be associated with canal preparation from previous endodontic teaching. In the 21st century this has been subtly but essentially changed to 'shaping and cleaning'. Instruments are used to rapidly shape the canal to permit the ingress of chemical agents to the entire root canal system.

Effect of surface treatment of titanium posts on the tensile bond strength

Retention of composite resins to metal can be improved when metal surfaces are conditioned. The purpose of this investigation was to investigate the effect of two conditioning treatments on the tensile bond strength of four resin-based luting cements and zinc phosphate cement to titanium posts. The effect on tensile bond strength of (1) air-particle abrasion (50 microm Al2O3) and (2) silica coating (30 microm SiO(x)) and silanization of tapered titanium posts prior to luting with any of the four resin composite luting cements (Compolute) Aplicap, Flexi-Flow cemTM, Panavia 21 EX, Twinlook) were evaluated. The posts luted with zinc phosphate cement (Tenet) were considered as the control group. Following endodontic preparation of 100 intact anterior human teeth with hand instruments, the post spaces were prepared using the opening drills of the corresponding size of the posts. All posts were cemented into the roots according to the manufacturer's instructions of each cement. The specimens were first stored in water at 37 degrees C for 24 h and then subjected to thermocycling (5000 cycles, 5-55 degrees C, 30 s). The tensile strength values were measured on a universal testing machine at a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data were analyzed statistically using ANOVA and corrected with Scheffé-test due to the significance levels (P<0.05). The composite resin luting cements did not show significant differences (P<0.05) showing values between (352+/-76N-475+/-104N) when the posts were air-abraded. After silica coating and silanization, significantly higher (P<0.05) tensile strengths were obtained for Compolute Aplicap (600+/-123N) than those of the other luting cements (Flexi-Flow cemTM: 191+/-62N; Panavia 21 EX: 375+/-77; Twinlook: 430+/-78N). No significant differences (P>0.05) were found between the tensile strength of the posts luted with zinc phosphate (414+/-102N) and the resin composite cements. Silica coating and silanization revealed the highest tensile bond strength in posts luted with Compolute Aplicap but it was not effective for the other experimental groups. Zinc phosphate cement exhibited tensile bond strength as good as resin composite cements.