Endocrine System Disorders Research Articles

Korelasi Vitamin D terhadap Kadar Antimullerian Hormone pada Pasien Sindroma Ovarium Polikistik dengan Obesitas di Kota Palembang

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine system disorders affecting women of reproductive age. One of the biomarkers for the diagnosis of PCOS is Anti Mullerian Hormone (AMH). Meanwhile, women with PCOS are at higher risk for vitamin D deficiency. The research aims to examine vitamin D and AMH for PCOS women with obesity. PCOS or also known as hyperandrogenic anovulation (HA), or Stein-Leventhal syndrome, is one of the most common endocrine system disorders affecting women of reproductive age. This study was analytic with a cross-sectional approach. The subjects were women with PCOS who went to Dr. M. Hoesin Sriwijaya University (n=30). Inclusion criteria were patients diagnosed with PCOS using Rotterdam, patients who had not received therapy for insulin resistance, and were obese. The exclusion criteria were that the patient couldn’t fulfill Rotterdam criteria and/or option not to participate in this study. The results were that most patients experienced oligomenorrhea (76.7%), the age mean was 31.17 years, and the BMI mean was 33.4 kg/m2. The Spearman correlation test showed a negative correlation between AMH and Vitamin D (p=0.011, correlation coefficient=-0.458). There was no correlation between BMI and vitamin D in PCOS patients, but there was a negative correlation between AMH and vitamin D levels.

7871 Investigating The Impact Of Prenatal Exposure To A Mix Of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals On Development: Behavioral, Physiological, And Transcriptomic Analyses

Abstract Disclosure: M.R. Streifer: None. L. Thompson: None. A.C. Gore: None. In recent decades, there has been a growing concern surrounding the presence of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in our environment and their potential implications on human health. Among these, prenatal exposure and subsequent effects on the developing neuroendocrine system have emerged as a subject of interest. This study aims to define the long term developmental, behavioral, and molecular effects of prenatal exposure to NeuroMix, a complex mixture of environmentally relevant EDCs. To this end, pregnant rat dams were fed either NeuroMix or vehicle, exposing the developing fetuses during critical periods of neuroendocrine development. The exposed offspring (F1 generation) were the experimental subjects, which were allowed to mature to adulthood, underwent behavioral testing, then were euthanized for brain tissue collection. Our study revealed noteworthy sex-specific effects, whereby exposed males exhibited reduced bodyweight and anogenital index, as well as delayed puberty. In contrast, females displayed no overt developmental abnormalities but exhibited heightened risk-taking behaviors in controlled behavioral experiments like the light:dark box. To unravel the molecular underpinnings of these observed effects, 3’ Tag-sequencing and transcriptomic analyses were performed on the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and ventromedial nucleus (VMN), two hypothalamic nuclei involved in hormonal regulation, metabolism, fear-based behaviors, and development. Results of Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) unveiled differentially expressed genes in both males and females, highlighting key pathways implicated in mitochondrial dysfunction and estrogen receptor signaling. Other notable pathways identified were related to cancer, neurological disorders, and endocrine system disorders. This comprehensive investigation highlights the impact of prenatal exposure to EDCs, influencing not only physiological parameters like body weight and puberty onset, but also behavioral phenotypes indicative of neurobiological alterations. The identification of disrupted molecular pathways provides valuable insights into the potential mechanisms linking EDC exposure to adverse health outcomes, warranting further exploration and consideration in the context of human health and environmental policy. Grant support: R01 ES029464. Presentation: 6/1/2024

Asuhan Keperawatan pada Ny.D dengan Gangguan Sistem Endokrin: Diabetes Melitus di Ruang Kemuning RSUD dr. Soeselo Kabupaten Tegal

Diabetes mellitus, also called diabetes, is a serious disease caused by the inability of the pancreas to produce insulin effectively, leading to an increase in blood glucose. In recent years, the number of diabetes cases has increased (Masturoh & Anggita, 2018). According to WHO data, Indonesia occupies 7th position in the world with 10 million people suffering from diabetes and it is estimated that there will be 21.3 million people in 2021. Because it is the only country in Southeast Asia with the highest number of diabetes mellitus sufferers, Indonesia contributing to the increasing prevalence of diabetes in Southeast Asia (Anisah et al., 2023). The purpose of this writing is to find out and provide nursing care to Mrs. D with endocrine system disorders: diabetes mellitus in the kemuning ward of RSUD dr. Soeselo Tegal Regency in accordance with nursing standards. The method used is descriptive and data collection methods. From case observation, it was found that the main complaint was weakness. There were three diagnoses found, namely instability of blood glucose levels, acute pain and knowledge deficit. Interventions are structured based on the theory of SDKI, SLKI and SIKI as well as on the client's condition and can be implemented.

Asuhan Keperawatan pada Nn. M dengan Gangguan Sistem Endokrin: Post Op Isthmolobektomi dengan Indikasi Struma Nodusa Non Toksik di Ruang Mawar 2 RSUD dr. Soeselo Kabupaten Tegal

Non-toxic goiter nodusa is an enlargement of the thyroid gland in which one or more nodules are clinically detected without hyperthyroidism (Sari et al., 2021). The purpose of this writing is to find outand provide nursing care to Ms. M with endocrine system disorders: post op isthmolobectomy with indications of non-toxic nodal goiter in mawar ward 2 RSUD dr. Soeselo Tegal Regency in accordance with nursing standards. The method used is a descriptive method in the form of interviews, observation, documentation studies, library and literature studies. From the case review, it was found that the patient’s main comlaint was pain in the surgical wound on the left side to the neck, P:pain worsened when mobilizing, speaking and swallowing, Q: pain like being cut, R: pain on the left side of the neck, S: scale 4, T: disappears. There were three diagnoses found, namely acute pain, knowledge deficit and risk of infection. Intervetions are prepared based on the theory of SDKI, SLKI and SIKI as well as on the client’s condition and can be implemented.

Gut-Brain Nexus: Mapping Multi-Modal Links to Neurodegeneration at Biobank Scale.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Using data from UK Biobank, SAIL Biobank, and FinnGen, we conducted an unbiased, population-scale study to: 1) Investigate how 155 endocrine, nutritional, metabolic, and digestive system disorders are associated with AD and PD risk prior to their diagnosis, considering known genetic influences; 2) Assess plasma biomarkers' specificity for AD or PD in individuals with these conditions; 3) Develop a multi-modal classification model integrating genetics, proteomics, and clinical data relevant to conditions affecting the gut-brain axis. Our findings show that certain disorders elevate AD and PD risk before AD and PD diagnosis including: insulin and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, noninfective gastro-enteritis and colitis, functional intestinal disorders, and bacterial intestinal infections, among others. Polygenic risk scores revealed lower genetic predisposition to AD and PD in individuals with co-occurring disorders in the study categories, underscoring the importance of regulating the gut-brain axis to potentially prevent or delay the onset of neurodegenerative diseases. The proteomic profile of AD/PD cases was influenced by comorbid endocrine, nutritional, metabolic, and digestive systems conditions. Importantly, we developed multi-modal prediction models integrating clinical, genetic, proteomic and demographic data, the combination of which performs better than any single paradigm approach in disease classification. This work aims to illuminate the intricate interplay between various physiological factors involved in the gut-brain axis and the development of AD and PD, providing a multifactorial systemic understanding that goes beyond traditional approaches.

STU3Net: An Improved U‐Net With Swin Transformer Fusion for Thyroid Nodule Segmentation

ABSTRACTThyroid nodules are a common endocrine system disorder for which accurate ultrasound image segmentation is important for evaluation and diagnosis, as well as a critical step in computer‐aided diagnostic systems. However, the accuracy and consistency of segmentation remains a challenging task due to the presence of scattering noise, low contrast and resolution in ultrasound images. Therefore, we propose a deep learning‐based CAD (computer‐aided diagnosis) method, STU3Net in this paper, aiming at automatic segmentation of thyroid nodules. The method employs a modified Swin Transformer combined with a CNN encoder, which is capable of extracting morphological features and edge details of thyroid nodules in ultrasound images. In decoding through the features for image reconstruction, we introduce a modified three‐layer U‐Net network with cross‐layer connectivity to further enhance image reduction. This cross‐layer connectivity enhances the network's capture and representation of the contained image feature information by creating skip connections between different layers and merging the detailed information of the shallow network with the abstract information of the deeper network. Through comparison experiments with current mainstream deep learning methods on the TN3K and BUSI datasets, we validate the superiority of the STU3Net method in thyroid nodule segmentation performance. The experimental results show that STU3Net outperforms most of the mainstream models on the TN3K dataset, with Dice and IoU reaching 0.8368 and 0.7416, respectively, which are significantly better than other methods. The method demonstrates excellent performance on these datasets and provides radiologists with an effective auxiliary tool to accurately detect thyroid nodules in ultrasound images.

Health comorbidities in children with down syndrome (DS) at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta

Down syndrome (DS) is a disease caused by trisomy of chromosome 21. The phenotype in DS leads to manifestations in several organ systems. This study aimed to identify the pattern of comorbidities in DS patients. It was a single-center, cross-sectional study at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta. Medical records of pediatric patients with DS from a period of January 2022 to May 2023 were included. Descriptive analysis was performed to demonstrate demographic and clinical characteristics. A total of 355 pediatric patients with DS were found at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital and the majority were male (196 children or 55.2%). As much as 339 children (95.49%) had comorbidities. The highest comorbidity was congenital heart disease (230 patients or 67.84%) in specifics were atrial septal defect (41 patients or 12.39%), atrioventricular septal defect (29 patients or 8.17%), and patent ductus arteriosus (28 patients or 7.88%). The second highest comorbidity was endocrine system disorders (102 patients or 30.09%), with 100 patients (28.16%) children suffering hypothyroidism. The number of children who had one comorbidity was 248 patients (69.86%), 74 patients (20.48%) had two comorbidities, and 17 patients (4.79%) had three or more comorbidities. The highest co-prevalence of the two comorbidities was congenital heart disease and endocrine system disorders (36 patients or 10.14%). The highest co-prevalence of 3 or more comorbidities was a combination of congenital heart disease, visual impairment, and hearing impairment (6 patients or 1.69%). In conclusion, 95.49% of children with DS have comorbidities. The most common comorbidity was heart defects. About 25.63% of patients had more than one comorbidity. Children with DS who have comorbidities require more attention to prevent complications and to reduce morbidity.

Age-Related Development During Predictors and Clinical Neurodiagnostic Criteria of Cognitive Impairment in the General Medical Network

Background: prevalence, severity and heterogeneity of cognitive impairment in elderlies along with limited therapy options determine the relevance of the problem of timely diagnostics of cognitive disfunction. The purpose of this study is to identify a combination of the most informative patterns that allow a differentiated approach to the diagnosis of age-related cognitive impairment. Patients and methods: 213 patients were examined (99 patients 50–65 years old, 114 patients over 65 years of age) of “Federal Centre for High Medical Technologies” of Russian Ministry of Health (Kaliningrad). All patients complained for impaired mental performance, memory and attention. A neuropsychologic testing was conducted using next scales: Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20) and additional cognitive impairment tests. For statistical analysis, machine learning algorithms, Python programming language, and Pandas and SciPy libraries were used. Results: for patients in the 50–65 age category, high relevance was found for executive dysfunction, decreased attention span, fatigue, anxiety, and endocrine system disorders. For patients over 65 years of age, significant features were semantic aphasia, perceptual and memory impairment, hyperlipidemia, history of ischemic stroke, and obesity. A significant negative correlation for the age index was found with the parameters of depression and anxiety; a positive correlation was found with the index of physical asthenia, disorders of perception, memory and semantic processing of information. Conclusion: the results demonstrate prevalence of cognitive dysfunctions in elderly patients. The tests assessing visual perception and semantic information processing can be of interest in early degenerative cognitive impairments diagnosis in elderly age. Discriminant analysis of a wide range of age-related variables will allow to make more effective aging trajectories prediction without any time-consuming diagnostic methods.

Vitamin and microelement supply of adolescent girls with menstrual function disorders

Objective — to identify the relationship between changes in the concentration of vitamins A, E, D, magnesium content, and comorbid pathology in adolescent girls with menstrual function disorders. Materials and methods. Examinations involved 237 girls with menstrual function disorders aged 11—18 years. Oligomenorrhea (OM) was diagnosed in 103 patients, and abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) in 134 girls. Results and discussion. Comorbid pathology was revealed in most patients, regardless of the type of menstrual function disorder. Endocrine system disorders were the most frequent comorbidities. In girls with OM, comorbid endocrine disorders were accompanied by a decrease in the levels of vitamins A (pu < 0.01) and E, due to decrease in the frequency of their elevated indicators (pφ < 0.03). At the same time, mostly normal magnesium levels were registered (pφ < 0.001) due to a decrease in the frequency of its reduced and elevated levels compared to patients without pathology. In girls with AUB, comorbid endocrine system pathology was accompanied by decrease in the frequency of optimal levels of 25(OH)D3 (pφ < 0.03), and comorbid pathology of the neuro-­psychiatric sphere was accompanied by decrease in the frequency of elevated levels of vitamins A (pφ < 0.01) and E (pφ < 0.03) compared to girls without pathology. Regardless of the type of menstrual disorder, the greatest number of changes in the vitamin status were found in girls with comorbid pathology of the endocrine system. In patients with OM, the retinol levels were lower than in girls with AUB (pφ < 0.01), and a decrease in tocopherol levels was observed (pφ > 0.05). In girls with AUB, elevated levels of vitamin A (pφ < 0.03), vitamin E (pφ < 0.04), and moderate vitamin D deficiency (pφ < 0.03) were more frequently registered compared to girls with OM. Vitamin D deficiency in girls with abnormal uterine bleeding was less frequently registered compared to patients with oligomenorrhea (pφ < 0.05). It should be noted that comorbid pathology of the digestive system in abnormal uterine bleeding was mostly often accompanied by the decreased tocopherol levels (pφ < 0.05) and normal magnesium values (pφ < 0.04) compared to patients with oligomenorrhea. Conclusions. The study revealed a correlation between fluctuations in the content of vitamin status components and comorbid pathology in girls with menstrual disorders. The most pronounced changes in oligomenorrhea were found under conditions of concomitant pathology of the endocrine system, while in abnormal uterine bleeding, they were identified in the presence of endocrine disorders and disturbances in the neuro­psychiatric sphere. The combination of oligomenorrhea and endocrine pathology, as well as abnormal uterine bleeding and nervous disorders, is accompanied by a decrease in retinol and tocopherol reserves, creating conditions for the deterioration of compensatory­adaptive reactions of the body by suppressing the low-­molecular-­weight link of the antioxidant defense system. Abnormal uterine bleeding and concomitant endocrine disorders are associated with more pronounced moderate vitamin D deficiency.

Improvement of student’s argumentation skill through problem-based learning in the concept of nerveous and endocrine system disorders

21st-century education directs learners to develop the skills of argumentation. Argumentation skills are the intellectual abilities involved in solving problems, making judgments and decisions, and formulating ideas and beliefs. The purpose of this research was to improve students' argumentation skills through the implementation of the Problem-based learning model in the concept of nervous and endocrine system disorders. This study was Collaborative Classroom Action Research with two learning cycles in the concept of Nervous and Endocrine System disorders. This study reveals students' argumentation skills adapted from Dawson Venville (2009). The results of this research revealed that the level of students' argumentation skills in cycle I was only up to levels 1 and 2. As much as 59% of students were at level 2 argumentation skills and 41% of students were at level 1 argumentation skills. In cycle II, there are students with level 3 argumentation skills. The rest scattered on levels 1 (3% of students) and 2 (35% of students) argumentation skills. Through this research, we found that students' argumentation skills increased from cycle I to cycle II.

The Water Element, Zang-fu Kidney and Jin Gui Shen Qi Wan

The Water Element, as part of the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Five Elements, is associated with winter, coldness, darkness and the Zang-fu organs Kidney and Bladder. The TCM Kidney, encompasses far more than the Western concept of an organ which produces and excretes the waste product urine. It controls water and fluid metabolism; a primordial generator (Ming-men Fire, Essence, Jing, promotes growth, skeleton, marrow, innate constitution); Yin-Yang dynamics (innate Yin and Yang); receives Qi; life functions (sexual behavior, reproduction, neuroendocrine axis, nervous system, urinary system, manufacture Blood, acute sense of hearing, controls the 2 lower orifices, assists respiration); as well as supports good life/living (houses commitment, will power, memory). Diseases of the Kidney can manifest as congenital deficiencies, fearful attitude, pathological changes (Yin and Yang Deficiencies, chronic debilitation), and physiological deficiencies associated with senescence. Some of the more common clinical signs of Kidney (Water Element) disease include renal/reproduction disorders, lumbar pain, hind end weakness, teeth/hair loss, deafness, lassitude, neuroendocrine disorders, asthma, congenital disease and bone disorders. One of the most famous formulas to treat Kidney Yang Deficiency and decline of Ming-men Fire is the classical herbal formula Jin Gui Shen Qi Wan. The strategy of this formula is to tonify Kidney Yin to raise Kidney Yang, (since Yin and Yang are mutually dependent), with the addition of warm herbs to ignite the Fire of Ming-men. From a Chinese medical perspective, Kidney Yang Deficiency syndrome may cause endocrine system disorders, immune-deficiency, neurological, renal, and reproductive disorders. This paper will review the Zang-fu Kidney function, and the classic Chinese herbal medicine, Jin Gui Shen Qi Wan (Kidney Qi Pill from the Golden Cabinet).

Возрастные аспекты клинической картины когнитивных нарушений

AIM. To identify a combination of the most informative patterns that allow a differentiated approach to the diagnosis of agerelated cognitive impairment. MATERIAL AND METHODS. 213 patients were examined (99 patients ≤ɸ 65 years of age, 114 patients over 65 years of age) with complaints of decreased mental performance, memory and attention. A neuropsychologic testing was conducted using next scales: Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20) and additional cognitive impairment tests. For statistical analysis, machine learning algorithms, Python programming language, and Pandas and SciPy libraries were used. RESULTS AND DISSCUSION. For patients in the 50–65 age category, high relevance was found for executive dysfunction, decreased attention span, fatigue, anxiety, and endocrine system disorders. For patients over 65 years of age, significant features were semantic aphasia, perceptual and memory impairment, hyperlipidaemia, history of ischemic stroke, and obesity. A significant negative correlation for the age index was found with the parameters of depression and anxiety; a positive correlation was found with the index of physical asthenia, disorders of perception, memory and semantic processing of information. CONCLUSION. The results demonstrate average prevalence of cognitive dysfunctions in elderly patients. The tests assessing visual perception and semantic information processing can be of interest in early degenerative cognitive impairments diagnosis in elderly age. Discriminant analysis of a wide range of age-related variables will allow to make more effective aging trajectories prediction without any time-consuming diagnostic methods. KEYWORDS: aging, cognitive dysfunctions, discriminant analysis

Endocrinological Treatment Targets for Depressive Disorder.

Depressive disorder exhibits heterogeneity in clinical presentation, progression, and treatment outcomes. While conventional antidepressants based on the monoamine hypothesis benefit many patients, a significant proportion remains unresponsive or fails to fully recover. An individualized integrative treatment approach, considering diverse pathophysiologies, holds promise for these individuals. The endocrine system, governing physiological regulation and organ homeostasis, plays a pivotal role in central nervous system functions. Dysregulations in endocrine system are major cause of depressive disorder due to other medical conditions. Subtle endocrine abnormalities, such as subclinical hypothyroidism, are associated with depression. Conversely, depressive disorder correlates with endocrine-related biomarkers. Fluctuations in sex hormone levels related to female reproduction, elevate depression risk in susceptible subjects. Consequently, extensive research has explored treatment strategies involving the endocrine system. Treatment guidelines recommend tri-iodothyronine augmentation for resistant depression, while allopregnanolone analogs have gained approval for postpartum depression, with ongoing investigations for broader depressive disorders. This book chapter will introduce the relationship between the endocrine system and depressive disorders, presenting clinical findings on neuroendocrinological treatments for depression.

The effect of neuroendocrine abnormalities on the risk of psychiatric readmission after hospitalization for bipolar disorder: A retrospective study

BackgroundThe correlation between the endocrine system and bipolar disorder(BD) has been well recognized, yet the influence of neuroendocrine hormones on readmission risk post-hospitalization for BD remains largely unexplored. This retrospective cohort study was to scrutinize the impact of neuroendocrine functionality on the readmission of patients with BD post-hospitalization for mental disorders. MethodsThe dataset was derived from the electronic medical records of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University in Guangzhou, China. Both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted on all patients hospitalized for BD, and from 1 January 2017 to October 2022. ResultsOf the 1110 eligible patients, 83 and 141 patients experienced psychiatric readmissions within 90 and 180 days post-discharge, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that high serum TSH levels (aOR = 1.079; 95%CI = 1.003–1.160) and thyroid disease comorbidities (aOR = 2.899; 95%CI = 1.303–6.452) were independently correlated with the risk of 90-day readmission; while increased serum TSH levels (aOR = 1.179; 95%CI = 1.081–1.287) represented a risk factor for 180-day readmission. These results indicate that high serum TSH levels and thyroid disease comorbidities may contribute to an elevated readmission risk in patients with BD following hospitalization. ConclusionRoutinely evaluating and intervening in thyroid function is crucial in the treatment of BD, as it may aid in preventing re-hospitalization.

Transcriptomic profiles of brains in juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) exposed to pharmaceuticals and personal care products from a wastewater treatment plant discharge

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are frequently detected in marine environments, posing a threat to aquatic organisms. Our previous research demonstrated the occurrence of neuroactive compounds in effluent and sediments from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in a fjord North of Stavanger, the fourth-largest city in Norway. To better understand the influence of PPCP mixtures on fish, Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) were caged for one month in 3 locations: site 1 (reference), site 2 (WWTP discharge), and site 3 (6.7 km west of discharge). Transcriptomic profiling was conducted in the brains of exposed fish and detection of PPCPs in WWTP effluent and muscle fillets were determined. Caffeine (47.8 ng/L), benzotriazole (10.9 ng/L), N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) (5.6 ng/L), methyl-1H-benzotriazole (5.5 ng/L), trimethoprim (3.4 ng/L), carbamazepine (2.1 ng/L), and nortriptyline (0.4 ng/L) were detected in the WWTP effluent. Octocrylene concentrations were observed in muscle tissue at all sites and ranged from 53 to 193 ng/g. Nervous system function and endocrine system disorders were the top enriched disease and function pathways predicted in male and female fish at site 2, with the top shared canonical pathways involved with estrogen receptor and Sirtuin signaling. At the discharge site, predicted disease and functional responses in female brains were involved in cellular assembly, organization, and function, tissue development, and nervous system development, whereas male brains were involved in connective tissue development, function, and disorders, nervous system development and function, and neurological disease. The top shared canonical pathways in females and males were involved in fatty acid activation and tight junction signaling. This study suggests that pseudopersistent, chronic exposure of native juvenile Atlantic cod from this ecosystem to PPCPs may alter neuroendocrine and neuron development.

Effects of GHRH Deficiency and GHRH Antagonism on Emotional Disorders in Mice.

Growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone (GHRH) has been suggested to play a crucial role in brain function. We aimed to further investigate the effects of a novel GHRH antagonist of the Miami (MIA) series, MIA-602, on emotional disorders and explore the relationships between the endocrine system and mood disorders. In this context, the effects induced by MIA-602 were also analyzed in comparison to vehicle-treated mice with GH deficiency due to generalized ablation of the GHRH gene (GHRH knock out (GHRHKO)). We show that the chronic subcutaneous administration of MIA-602 to wild type (+/+) mice, as well as generalized ablation of the GHRH gene, is associated with anxiolytic and antidepressant behavior. Moreover, immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses suggested an evident activation of Nrf2, HO1, and NQO1 in the prefrontal cortex of both +/+ mice treated with MIA-602 (+/+ MIA-602) and homozygous GHRHKO (-/- control) animals. Finally, we also found significantly decreased COX-2, iNOS, NFkB, and TNF-α gene expressions, as well as increased P-AKT and AKT levels in +/+ MIA-602 and -/- control animals compared to +/+ mice treated with vehicle (+/+ control). We hypothesize that the generalized ablation of the GHRH gene leads to a dysregulation of neural pathways, which is mimicked by GHRH antagonist treatment.

Adult-Onset Transcriptomic Effects of Developmental Exposure to Benzene in Zebrafish (Danio rerio): Evaluating a Volatile Organic Compound of Concern.

Urban environments are afflicted by mixtures of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs). VOC sources that drive human exposure include vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, and oil spillage. The highly volatile VOC benzene has been linked to adverse health outcomes. However, few studies have focused on the later-in-life effects of low-level benzene exposure during the susceptible window of early development. Transcriptomic responses during embryogenesis have potential long-term consequences at levels equal to or lower than 1 ppm, therefore justifying the analysis of adult zebrafish that were exposed during early development. Previously, we identified transcriptomic alteration following controlled VOC exposures to 0.1 or 1 ppm benzene during the first five days of embryogenesis using a zebrafish model. In this study, we evaluated the adult-onset transcriptomic responses to this low-level benzene embryogenesis exposure (n = 20/treatment). We identified key genes, including col1a2 and evi5b, that were differentially expressed in adult zebrafish in both concentrations. Some DEGs overlapped at the larval and adult stages, specifically nfkbiaa, mecr, and reep1. The observed transcriptomic results suggest dose- and sex-dependent changes, with the highest impact of benzene exposure to be on cancer outcomes, endocrine system disorders, reproductive success, neurodevelopment, neurological disease, and associated pathways. Due to molecular pathways being highly conserved between zebrafish and mammals, developmentally exposed adult zebrafish transcriptomics is an important endpoint for providing insight into the long term-effects of VOCs on human health and disease.

Nanomaterials Solutions for Contraception: Concerns, Advances, and Prospects.

Preventing unintentional pregnancy is one of the goals of a global public health policy to minimize effects on individuals, families, and society. Various contraceptive formulations with high effectiveness and acceptance, including intrauterine devices, hormonal patches for females, and condoms and vasectomy for males, have been developed and adopted over the last decades. However, distinct breakthroughs of contraceptive techniques have not yet been achieved, while the associated long-term adverse effects are insurmountable, such as endocrine system disorder along with hormone administration, invasive ligation, and slowly restored fertility after removal of intrauterine devices. Spurred by developments of nanomaterials and bionanotechnologies, advanced contraceptives could be fulfilled via nanomaterial solutions with much safer and more controllable and effective approaches to meet various and specific needs for women and men at different reproductive stages. Nanomedicine techniques have been extended to develop contraceptive methods, such as the targeted drug delivery and controlled release of hormone using nanocarriers for females and physical stimulation assisted vasectomy using functional nanomaterials via photothermal treatment or magnetic hyperthermia for males. Nanomaterial solutions for advanced contraceptives offer significantly improved biosafety, noninvasive administration, and controllable reversibility. This review summarizes the nanomaterial solutions to female and male contraceptives including the working mechanisms, clinical concerns, and their merits and demerits. This work also reviewed the nanomaterials that have been adopted in contraceptive applications. In addition, we further discuss safety considerations and future perspectives of nanomaterials in nanostrategy development for next-generation contraceptives. We expect that nanomaterials would potentially replace conventional materials for contraception in the near future.

Risk factors for in vitro fertilization failures in women with adenomyosis-associated infertility

Aim. To identify risk factors for in vitro fertilization (IVF) failures in women with adenomyosis-associated infertility.
 Materials and methods. The study included 83 patients of reproductive age with adenomyosis. Women were divided into two groups: the main group (n=53) included patients with adenomyosis and a history of 1 or more unsuccessful attempts at embryo transfer, and the comparison group (n=30) included women with adenomyosis without impaired fertile function. The mean age of the patients was 364.0 years.
 Results. Gynecological conditions such as cervical dysplasia, noninflammatory vaginal diseases, and a history of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were significantly (5-fold) more common in patients with a history of IVF failures (p0.05). A high prevalence of endocrine and digestive system disorders (27.7 and 7.7 times, respectively) was found in infertile women with adenomyosis (p0.05). Coagulation disorders were identified 4.8 times more often in women with adenomyosis-associated infertility and IVF failures. Inflammatory and proliferative endometrial diseases (hyperplasia, intrauterine synechia, and chronic endometritis) were significantly more common in patients in the main group than in patients with adenomyosis without impaired fertility (p0.05).
 Conclusion. Risk factors for IVF failure in women with adenomyosis-associated infertility are other specified coagulation defects [D68.8] (antiphospholipid syndrome), odds ratio (OR) 4.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.120.9; dysplasia of cervix uteri, unspecified [N87.9] (OR 10.2, 95% CI 1.292.4), other noninflammatory disorders of vagina [N89.7] (OR 10.2, 95% CI 1.292.4), STIs (OR 12.7, 95% CI 1.4112.5), endocrine system disorders (OR 27.7, 95% CI 1.5516.5), and digestive system disorders (OR 7.8, 95% CI 2.227.8).

Advancements in the Management of Endocrine System Disorders and Arrhythmias: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.

In recent years, notable advancements have been made in managing endocrine system disorders and arrhythmias. These advancements have brought about significant changes in healthcare providers' approach towards these complex medical conditions. Endocrine system disorders encompass a diverse range of conditions, including but not limited to diabetes mellitus, thyroid dysfunction, and adrenal disorders. Significant advancements in comprehending the molecular underpinnings of these disorders have laid the foundation for implementing personalized medicine. Advancements in genomic profiling and biomarker identification have facilitated achieving more accurate diagnoses and developing customized treatment plans. Furthermore, the utilization of cutting-edge pharmaceuticals and advanced delivery systems presents a significant advancement in achieving enhanced glycemic control and minimizing adverse effects for individuals afflicted with endocrine disorders. Arrhythmias, characterized by irregular heart rhythms, present a substantial risk to cardiovascular well-being. Innovative strategies for managing arrhythmia encompass catheter-based ablation techniques, wearable cardiac monitoring devices, and predictive algorithms powered by artificial intelligence. These advancements facilitate the early detection, stratification of risks, and implementation of targeted interventions, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes. Incorporating technology and telemedicine has been instrumental in enhancing the accessibility and continuity of care for individuals diagnosed with endocrine disorders and arrhythmias. The utilization of remote patient monitoring and telehealth consultations enables prompt modifications to treatment regimens and alleviates the need for frequent visits to the clinic. This is particularly significant in light of the current global health crisis. This review highlights the interdisciplinary nature of managing endocrine disorders and arrhythmias, underscoring the significance of collaboration among endocrinologists, cardiologists, electrophysiologists, and other healthcare professionals. Multidisciplinary care teams have enhanced their capabilities to effectively address the intricate relationship between the endocrine and cardiovascular systems. In summary, endocrine system disorders and arrhythmias management have undergone significant advancements due to groundbreaking research, technological advancements, and collaborative healthcare approaches. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the advancements, showcasing their potential to enhance patient care, improve quality of life, and decrease healthcare expenses. Healthcare providers must comprehend and integrate these advancements into their clinical practice to enhance outcomes for individuals with endocrine system disorders and arrhythmias.