Endings Of Muscle Spindles Research Articles

Differences in variability of discharge frequency between primary and secondary muscle spindle afferent endings of the cat.

THE frequency of action potentials in a nerve fibre has long been known to be a function of the input intensity. Fluctuations in frequency when the stimulus is held constant have often been considered merely as unwanted ‘noise’ limiting the accuracy of the experimental results. However, these fluctuations may also limit the amount of information which can be transmitted down a nerve fibre and so are of interest per se. In a receptor or an isolated axon, these fluctuations may result from the basic processes of action potential initiation and are of interest in this context. If the variability had the same basis in different cells (for example, resistive noise), one would expect that it would be smaller, the larger the cell or axon, and this is often the case1. However, one of us (P. B. C. M.) noticed that the discharge initiated from single secondary endings of muscle spindles of the cat seemed to be considerably more regular than that from the primary endings, though these latter have the larger afferent nerve fibres2; later this was also found to have been noticed by others3,4.

THE EFFECTS OF STIMULATION OF STATIC AND DYNAMIC FUSIMOTOR FIBRES ON THE RESPONSE TO STRETCHING OF THE PRIMARY ENDINGS OF MUSCLE SPINDLES.

THE EFFECTS OF STIMULATION OF STATIC AND DYNAMIC FUSIMOTOR FIBRES ON THE RESPONSE TO STRETCHING OF THE PRIMARY ENDINGS OF MUSCLE SPINDLES.

EXCITATION OF PRIMARY MUSCLE SPINDLE ENDINGS BY BETA-AXON STIMULATION.

EXCITATION OF PRIMARY MUSCLE SPINDLE ENDINGS BY BETA-AXON STIMULATION.

Zur Frage der Receptorspezifit�t endoanaesthetischer Wirkungen am Beispiel des Benzononatin (Tessalon)

1. Using electrophysiological techniques, the endoanesthetic effect of benzononatin (Tessalon, Ciba AG) on peripheral receptive endings was studied in dogs and cats, slightly anesthetized with chloralose or nembutal. 2. Because of its localanesthetic properties, Tessalon (1 – 5 mg/kg i.v.) paralyses lung stretch receptors, baroceptors of the aortic arch, left and right atrial receptors, primary and secondary muscle spindle endings and chemoreceptors. 3. Differences in strength and duration of the “endoanesthetic” effect depend on several factors: slowly adapting receptors show a more pronounced desensitation for a longer time than do quickly adapting receptors, a fact, which agrees with results on generator potentials. The contact concentration of the endoanesthetic agent on the receptor is influenced by dosage/time, site of application and anatomical localisation of the receptor related to the blood vessels.

The effects of fusimotor activity on the static responsiveness of primary and secondary endings of muscle spindles in the decerebrate cat.

AbstractThe effect of fusimotor activity on the static behaviour of soleus muscle spindle receptors in the decerebrate cat has been investigated by comparing their responses before and after ventral root section. The endings were classified as primary or secondary according to the conduction velocities of their afferent fibres. Their static behaviour was assessed by measuring their frequency of discharge at different lengths 0.5 sec after completion of a slow stretch at 3 mm/sec. Fusimotor activity increased the static responses of both kinds of ending; measured at physiological full extension, the average increase was slightly greater for primary than for secondary endings. The static responses of both kinds of ending tended to increase or decrease together when the level of fusimotor activity changed. The static sensitivity (slope of frequency‐extension relation) of both kinds of ending was commonly, but not invariably, increased by fusimotor activity. These findings, in conjunction with previous work, show that the behaviour of primary and of secondary endings is more alike under static than under dynamic conditions. This is discussed in relation to the possible functions of the secondary ending.

Uniform staining of nerve endings in skeletal muscle with gold chloride.

Skeletal muscle, teased into strips several millimeters long and 1 mm or less thick, is fixed in a 3:1 mixture of lemon juice and formic acid until transparent. The tissue is compressed between folds of absorbent material to remove excess fixative and impregnated for 10 min in a volume of 1% gold chloride equal to the volume of muscle. After removing excess gold chloride, reduction is effected. Method a. Exposure to 25% formic acid in the dark for 6 hr. When intramuscular nerves are visible, the muscle is further teased with glass instruments. Reduction is continued for an additional 18 hr in 25% formic acid, and the tissue is cleared in glycerol for 24 hr. Method b. Exposure to intense artificial visible light while the tissue is just immersed in distilled water at 37° C. Colour develops in the nerve endings as in a photographic print. When nerves only are stained (approximately 0.5 hr), the lamp is removed and microdissection at room temperature commenced. When nerve endings in muscle spindles are just ...

The responses of the primary and secondary endings of muscle spindles with intact motor innervation during applied stretch.

The effects of small stretches applied at constant velocities, varying from 8 to 100 mm/sec. on the muscle spindle endings of the cat's soleus were recorded in dorsal root fibres of decerebrate animals with intact motor roots. The primary endings showed a greatly increased and well‐sustained discharge rate during stretch application. They were particularly sensitive to the velocity of stretch and the rates reached were considerably higher than those recorded during the subsequent maintained extensioin of the muscle. The endings often showed some discharge in release of stretch. The secondary endings showed a wide range of thresholds for stretch. The increase of discharge rate during stretch application was very moderate, and might not exceed the steady rate during maintained stretch. On release of stretch impulses were frequently seen. These differences in the behaviour of the two kinds of ending to stretch are considered in relation to the histological structure of a muscle spindle.

The response of de-efferented muscle spindle endings in the cat's soleus to slow extension of the muscle.

The Journal of PhysiologyVolume 157, Issue 2 p. 370-392 ArticleFree Access The response of de-efferented muscle spindle endings in the cat's soleus to slow extension of the muscle R. J. Harvey, R. J. HarveySearch for more papers by this authorP. B. C. Matthews, P. B. C. MatthewsSearch for more papers by this author R. J. Harvey, R. J. HarveySearch for more papers by this authorP. B. C. Matthews, P. B. C. MatthewsSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 July 1961 https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1961.sp006729Citations: 74AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume157, Issue2July 1, 1961Pages 370-392 RelatedInformation

Some effects of stimulation of the muscle nerve on afferent endings of muscle spindles, and the classification of their responses into types A1 and A2.

The Journal of PhysiologyVolume 156, Issue 3 p. 470-497 ArticleFree Access Some effects of stimulation of the muscle nerve on afferent endings of muscle spindles, and the classification of their responses into types A1 and A2 R. J. Harvey, R. J. HarveySearch for more papers by this authorP. B. C. Matthews, P. B. C. MatthewsSearch for more papers by this author R. J. Harvey, R. J. HarveySearch for more papers by this authorP. B. C. Matthews, P. B. C. MatthewsSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 May 1961 https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1961.sp006688Citations: 12AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume156, Issue3May 1, 1961Pages 470-497 RelatedInformation

Flexor muscle spindles and reflex firing of early discharging units.

ArticlesFLEXOR MUSCLE SPINDLES AND REFLEX FIRING OF EARLY DISCHARGING UNITSL. T. Rutledge, and J. HaaseL. T. Rutledge, and J. HaasePublished Online:01 Mar 1961https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1961.24.2.182MoreSectionsPDF (2 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited ByThe discharge from primary endings of muscle spindles during reflex activation of fusimotor neurones in the lightly anaesthetised and spinal catBrain Research, Vol. 51Bibliography on muscle receptors; Their morphology, pathology and physiologyExperimental Neurology, Vol. 18 More from this issue > Volume 24Issue 2March 1961Pages 182-192 https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1961.24.2.182PubMed13744947History Published online 1 March 1961 Published in print 1 March 1961 Metrics

THE UTRECHT SYMPOSIUM ON THE INNERVATION OF MUSCLE

This is an excellent collection of 22 papers presented at an international symposium on the innervation of muscle held at the University of Utrecht (The Netherlands), July 17-20. 1957. All of the material in this publication originally appeared in the American Journal of Physical Medicine, Vols. 38 and 39, 1959 and 1960. Dr. Bouman; editor of the above journal, and Dr. Woolf, organizer of the symposium, should be highly commended for their joint efforts in collecting and translating this superb group of papers. Discussions included basic neurophysiologic, histologic, histopathologic, pharmacologic, and biochemical phenomena related to the innervation of muscle in normal and certain abnormal states. Dr. H. A. Meyling, host to the symposium, introduced the histologic study of the innervation of voluntary muscle in a well-written review and discussion. Other excellent histologic presentations included appropriate photomicrographs with discussions of Topography of Terminal Motor Nerve Innervation in Striated Muscles from Stillborn Infants, Structural Organization of the Motor Nerve Endings in the Mammalian Muscle Spindles and Other Striated Muscle Fibers, and Biopsy Studies of the Pathology of the Lower Motor Neuron. These papers were climaxed by a truly superb demonstration of Electron Microscopy of the Motor End Plate and the Neuromuscular Spindle, by Dr. G D. Robertson from Uni¬ versity College in London. In this last paper details of the author's observations are ac¬ companied by excellent diagrammatic and photographic reproductions. Although eight of the papers elucidate various neurophysiologic, electrophysiologic, or pharmacologie aspects of problems in neuromuscular transmission, none of the papers pretend to satisfactorily explain or solve the defects in transmission at the neuromuscular junction that occur in myasthenia gravis. Dr. Nachmannsohn of Columbia University, however, makes

NEURON PATTERNS CONTROLLING TRANSMISSION OF IPSILATERAL HIND LIMB REFLEXES IN CAT

NEURON PATTERNS CONTROLLING TRANSMISSION OF IPSILATERAL HIND LIMB REFLEXES IN CAT