End Of Composition Research Articles

About compositions for piano and orchestra by Ch.-M. Widor. Background

About compositions for piano and orchestra by Ch.-M. Widor. Background

Effect of dietary protein, lipid and carbohydrate contents on the growth, feed efficiency and carcass composition of Cyprinus carpio communis fingerlings

This study aimed to determine a feed formulation with best protein to energy ratio which would result in better growth, feed efficiency and carcass composition of Cyprinus carpiocommunis. Fingerlings having average weight 1.64 ± 0.13 g and length 5.26 ± 0.10 cm were fed on four different formulated feeds and a control feed (each in a triplicate set), 6% of their body weight, three times a day, during 90 days. Feeds were formulated using ground nut oil cake, mustard oil cake, rice bran, wheat bran, fish meal and soybean meal in order to suffice the balanced need of protein and energy of the Common carp. Growth, feed efficiency and carcass composition were measured. At the end of the study, the growth, feed efficiency and carcass composition of fingerlings was affected significantly (P < 0.05) with protein, lipid and carbohydrate contents in the feeds. Highest growth, best feed conversion ratio, best protein efficiency ratio, highest carcass dry matter, crude protein, crude lipid, ash and energy content, lowest moisture content and carbohydrate content were observed in fingerlings fed with Feed B which contained 40 ± 0.21% protein, 9.31 ± 0.25% lipid and 10.08 ± 0.10% carbohydrate. The fingerlings fed with Feed C which contained 25.98 ± 0.19% protein, 5.49 ± 0.18% lipid and 34.63 ± 0.19% carbohydrate showed least growth, poor feed conversion ratio, poor protein efficiency ratio, least carcass dry matter, crude protein, crude lipid, ash and energy content, highest moisture content and carbohydrate content. This work concluded that a diet containing 40% protein, 9.31% lipid and 10.08% carbohydrate is the best one for a more profitable and successful culture of the Common carp. Key words: Protein to energy ratio, carp production, growth, feed efficiency, carcass composition.

Small Talk in the Caravan

I SUPPOSE that it is one of the functions of these columns to provide a coda to the concerted themes that have been developed in the preceding pages of each issue. The coda in music is a short section which stands at the end of a composition to round it off, to provide it with graceful finality. This is always difficult, particularly when the score is written by so many hands and the connecting links are not always obvious. It can probably be best accomplished by the scribe acting as a sort of sorcerer's apprentice, conjuring up some of the larger aspects of medicine, sounding some universal notes, and stressing the general rather than the particular. One of the best means of accomplishing these ends is through the medium of history. History is a way of escaping into time, of fitting our own brief lives into the larger scheme of