End Of Use Research Articles

ESTIMATION OF OIL SPILLAGE AND SALVAGE REVENUE IN KOKORI OIL FIELD USING NUMERICAL METHODS AND PYTHON ALGORITHM

The study aimed to estimate oil spillage in the Kokori Oil Field, discovered in 1958, using a linear model. The field has 23 oil wells and produced 383 million barrels of oil. A linear model was developed using Python programming, comparing it with the trapezoidal method and salvage revenue. Results showed a linear relationship between oil spill quantity, duration, and mitigation measures. This study provides a valuable model for estimating oil spillage in the Kokori oil field, emphasizing the importance of accurate estimation for environmental and economic purposes. The study presents a comprehensive model for estimating oil spillage in the Kokori oil field, emphasizing the significance of accurate estimation for environmental and economic purposes. The correlation coefficient value supports the model's sufficiency, and the calculated salvage revenue indicates a commendable projected value for the Kokori oil field at its end of use. Salvage revenue is the estimated value of an asset at the end of its useful life, which is crucial in determining the cost of goods sold and depreciation charge. It lowers the asset's cost, influences its usable life, resale value, and replacement cost. Salvage revenue is calculated by subtracting revenue generated without mitigation measures from revenue realized with mitigation measures.

Bayesian material flow analysis for systems with multiple levels of disaggregation and high dimensional data

AbstractMaterial flow analysis (MFA) is used to quantify and understand the life cycles of materials from production to end of use, which enables environmental, social, and economic impacts and interventions. MFA is challenging as available data are often limited and uncertain, leading to an under‐determined system with an infinite number of possible stocks and flows values. Bayesian statistics is an effective way to address these challenges by principally incorporating domain knowledge, quantifying uncertainty in the data, and providing probabilities associated with model solutions. This paper presents a novel MFA methodology under the Bayesian framework. By relaxing the mass balance constraints, we improve the computational scalability and reliability of the posterior samples compared to existing Bayesian MFA methods. We propose a mass‐based, child and parent process framework to model systems with disaggregated processes and flows. We show posterior predictive checks can be used to identify inconsistencies in the data and aid noise and hyperparameter selection. The proposed approach is demonstrated in case studies, including a global aluminum cycle with significant disaggregation, under weakly informative priors and significant data gaps to investigate the feasibility of Bayesian MFA. We illustrate that just a weakly informative prior can greatly improve the performance of Bayesian methods, for both estimation accuracy and uncertainty quantification.

Investment and remanufacturing strategies considering the application of intelligent manufacturing in hybrid manufacturing–remanufacturing systems

The development of data science and sensing technologies provides opportunities to mitigate uncertainty in hybrid manufacturing–remanufacturing systems, and drives manufacturers to invest in intelligent manufacturing (IM). This paper considers the adoption of IM to mitigate classification errors in the end-of-use (EoU) products’ acquisition while improving the operational efficiency of manufacturing–remanufacturing systems. By constructing game models, we jointly investigate the investment, pricing, production and order quantities, and collection decisions in a closed-loop supply chain. Interestingly, we find that IM does not always increase manufacturers’ enthusiasm to engage in remanufacturing, firms’ profits or consumer surplus. It does not always reduce environmental impact either. Analytical results show that IM reduces manufacturers’ enthusiasm to engage in remanufacturing if the initial core misclassification rate is low. Furthermore, we identify key factors that impact the firms’ profits, consumer surplus, and carbon emissions. For a manufacturer producing high-cost new products, investing in IM hurts its profits when the remanufacturing cost savings due to intelligent manufacturing is small and the manufacturing benefit due to IM is not significant. Moreover, investing in IM reduces consumer surplus if the cost of new products is high, and the IM does not lead to significant remanufacturing cost saving and manufacturing benefit increase. The results reveal that investing in IM is preferred from the environmental point of view if the IM-induced manufacturing cost saving is small. Our research provides management insights into the intelligent transformation of manufacturers with hybrid manufacturing–remanufacturing systems, as well as policymakers concerned with value creation for customers and environmental impacts.

Efectividad de los desinfectantes Lysol® y Amonio Cuaternario durante la evaluación de tres áreas críticas del sillón odontológico

Objective. Determine the antimicrobial efficacy of Lysol® and quaternary ammonium during the evaluation of three critical areas of the dental unit (control tray/buttons, dental chair back, and triple syringe handle). Methods. Through a cross-sectional comparative experimental study, a total of 8 dental chairs were analyzed: three were disinfected with Lysol®, three with quaternary ammonium, and two armchairs were selected as controls (positive and negative). All dental chairs were sampled twice a day: before use and at the end of use, for three days. Sampling was carried out at the Hemisferios University Clinics before and after the application of the disinfectant. The samples were transported in thioglycollate broth for analysis. 1:2 and 1:10 dilutions of each sample were plated on Plate Count Agar and incubated for 24 hours at 37°C. Subsequently, duplicate colony counts were performed, analyzing a total of 864 samples. Results. Lysol® and 5% quaternary ammonium showed equal antimicrobial effectiveness against the three areas analyzed (p>0.05). The area with the highest number of microorganisms was the tray (including control buttons). Conclusion. It was determined that both Lysol® and 5% quaternary ammonium are highly effective in eliminating microorganisms present on the critical surfaces of the dental unit. Furthermore, the tray, including the control buttons, was found to be the most contaminated area before treatment.

A novel multi-objective robust possibilistic flexible programming to design a sustainable apparel closed-loop supply chain network

Designing a sustainable Closed-Loop Supply Chain (CLSC) network is imperative for the apparel industry, given its escalating adverse effects on economic, environmental, and social dimensions. In this study, a novel tri-objective location-allocation optimization model is specifically developed for designing a sustainable apparel CLSC, incorporating the industry's unique facilities. The aim of the model is to simultaneously minimize the costs and negative environmental impacts while maximizing social benefits under demands and returns uncertainty. A notable research contribution lies in addressing the unique challenges of treating different types of returns, including commercial, End Of Use (EOU) and End Of Life (EOL) returns due to their uncertain quality and quantity. Additionally, the model optimizes the environmental performance levels of production facilities, a novel aspect in the apparel CLSC research. Moreover, the flexibility of constraints related to the demand fulfilment is considered. To cope with such flexibility and uncertainties, a new hybrid robust possibilistic flexible programming model is developed, by extending the previous methodologies. A core innovation of this solution approach lies in the pioneering utilization of hexagonal fuzzy numbers for uncertain epistemic parameters, making a significant advancement in the field of CLSC. Comparative analysis with the similar studies demonstrates the superiority of the proposed model, incorporating hexagonal fuzzy numbers over the method using triangular fuzzy numbers. Furthermore, AUGMECON method using lexicographic optimization is applied to handle the multi-objective model. The application of the proposed model is shown focusing on Southwestern Ontario in Canada. The results reveal that commercial and EOU returns have a more detrimental impact on economic, environmental, and social sustainability aspects compared to EOL returns.

Exploring the state of health of electric vehicle batteries at end of use; hierarchical waste flow analysis to determine the recycling and reuse potential

With the increasing adoption of electric vehicles, their end-of-life management is a timely matter. This requires recognizing the upcoming volume of retired electric-vehicle-batteries to the waste stream. The projection is further useful if we have an estimation of the remaining value within them to categorize the recycling or repurposing potential to allow appropriate policy development and facility planning. This qualification assessment is neglected in the current literature. Neglecting the health status of retired batteries in estimating their residual value might end up over or underestimating their reuse and recycling potential. This study aims to provide a hierarchical battery waste estimation based on their health and age of disposal in Ireland. These two factors are the fundamental parameters in determining the feasibility of repurposing or recycling retired batteries. Identifying this information, we defined three reuse scenarios with different state-of-health limits. Results indicate almost 50%, 30%, and below 10% repurposing potential in the year 2050 when setting a repurposing threshold of above 80%, 85%, and 90%, respectively. The authors also highlight the effect of non-regional repurposing on the recycling potential.

Pneumatic Control for Sustainable Compressed Air Systems: Multi-criteria Optimisation for Energy Efficient Production

Compressed air is widely utilised in manufacturing processes across all industries due to numerous advantages associated with its use. However, the energy efficiency of compressed air generation is often very low, making pneumatic systems one of the most expensive processes in a manufacturing facility. Additionally, compressed air leakages further artificially increase the demand and decrease their efficiency and productivity. This study focused on identifying the effects of pressure and flowrate regulation on the energy efficiency and productivity of a pneumatic automation system. By combining these two control strategies, a reduction in air consumption was achieved while also maintaining the system's cycle time in order to minimise productivity loss. The assessed system included various leaks of different sizes at different locations. When implementing pressure regulation, a reduction in air consumption of up to 22 per cent was achieved. As expected, this also resulted in an increase in cycle time of up to 19 per cent, which was then reduced to 7 per cent by regulating the system's flowrate at the end of use. Multi-criteria optimisation was subsequently employed to identify the optimal control parameters for a balanced effect on both air consumption and cycle time, affecting energy efficiency and productivity, respectively.

A comparison of environmental performance of electronic and bound-thesis using life cycle assessment

Dematerialization through information technology aids in advancing environmental sustainability. Replacing a bound thesis with an e-thesis for a university dissertation will be a complementary paradigm shift for higher environmental performance. Hence, the study intended to determine and compare the environmental performance parameters of conventional paper-based bound-thesis and e-thesis. Moreover, the study aimed to identify the activities causing higher environmental burdens during the production of bound and e-thesis. Open LCA 1.11 was employed for a conventional bound thesis with its e-version submitted by the undergraduates of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka. The study utilized U.S. EPA life-cycle inventory data. The analysis demonstrated that the overall global warming potential of a 40-page hard cover thesis was 4,839,000.00 kg CO2-eq to which paper and cover import and paper manufacturing stages contributed more than 99% (4,830,000.0 kg CO2-eq). In comparison, a 0.084 MB soft copy of an e-thesis reported a negligible (0.09936 kg CO2-eq) global warming potential value. Ozone formation-human health, ozone formation-terrestrial ecosystems, terrestrial acidification, fine particulate matter formation, and marine eutrophication potential were 265,584.31 kg NOx eq, 265,583.21 kg NOx eq, 177,451.5 kg SO2 eq, 52,948 kg PM2.5 eq, and 29,041.0 kg N-eq for bound thesis production system. Except for the stratospheric ozone depletion impact and water consumption, environmental performance indicators of e-thesis were superior to the conventional-bound thesis. The study recommends the preparation of e-thesis as an environmentally sound approach. Switching to renewables, extended lifespan, and material recycling of devices at the end of use, sustainable forestry practices, process optimization, and cleaner production technologies can further enhance the environmental performance of e-thesis.

A Review of Prospects and Opportunities in Disassembly With Human–Robot Collaboration

Abstract Product disassembly plays a crucial role in the recycling, remanufacturing, and reuse of end-of-use (EoU) products. However, the current manual disassembly process is inefficient due to the complexity and variation of EoU products. While fully automating disassembly is not economically viable given the intricate nature of the task, there is potential in using human–robot collaboration (HRC) to enhance disassembly operations. HRC combines the flexibility and problem-solving abilities of humans with the precise repetition and handling of unsafe tasks by robots. Nevertheless, numerous challenges persist in technology, human workers, and remanufacturing work, which require comprehensive multidisciplinary research to address critical gaps. These challenges have motivated the authors to provide a detailed discussion on the opportunities and obstacles associated with introducing HRC to disassembly. In this regard, the authors have conducted a review of the recent progress in HRC disassembly and present the insights gained from this analysis from three distinct perspectives: technology, workers, and work.

The impact of corrosion on the adsorption of gaseous Hg0 onto the surface of steels: Implications for decommissioning in the oil and gas industry

The rate of decommissioning of global oil and gas production facilities will accelerate over coming decades, as mature developments reach the end of use, and consumers transition towards renewable energy. Decommissioning strategies should include thorough environmental risk assessments which consider contaminants which are known to be present in oil and gas systems. Mercury (Hg) is a global pollutant that occurs naturally in oil and gas reservoirs. However, knowledge of Hg contamination in transmission pipelines and process equipment is limited. We investigated the potential for accumulation of Hg0 within production facilities, particularly those transporting gases, by considering the deposition of Hg onto steel surfaces from the gas phase. Following incubation experiments in a Hg saturated atmosphere; fresh API 5L‐X65 and L80–13Cr steels were found to adsorb 1.4 × 10−5 ± 0.04 × 10−5 and 1.1 × 10−5 ± 0.04 × 10−5 g m−2, respectively, while corroded samples of the same steels adsorbed 0.12 ± 0.01 and 0.83 ± 0.02 g m−2; an increase in adsorbed mercury by four orders of magnitude. The association between surface corrosion and Hg was demonstrated by laser ablation ICPMS. The levels of Hg measured on the corroded steel surfaces indicates a potential environmental risk; therefore, mercury speciation (including the presence of ß-HgS, not considered in this study), concentrations and cleaning methods should be considered when developing oil and gas decommissioning strategies.

Overview of conceptual approaches to circular economy in AIC of Kazakhstan

The goal is to outline conceptual foundations of the circular economy in agriculture, to study the directions of its development. Methods – comparisons, generalizations, expert opinion, statistical based on obtaining primary data, as well as theoretical analysis of scientific literature of foreign and domestic authors. Results – features of the circular transformation of the industry and main differences from the traditional way of agricultural production are determined. The article shows its essence and principles of implementation in agricultural sector. The prospects for world development require the creation of a resource-efficient agri-food system. As a result of the study, indicators were analyzed that can measure the circularity of agro-industrial production: slowdown, reduction and regeneration. It was revealed that in conditions of resource scarcity, climate change, environmental degradation, increasing demand for food, the circular economy is a strategy for the rational use of renewable natural resources, contributes to solving global problems. Conclusions – the proposed approaches to creating a new, rational food and nutrition chain are aimed at maintaining the value of products and resources for a long period, returning them to production cycle after the end of use, minimizing waste generation, reducing food losses, ensuring food security and economic growth. Based on the study of foreign experience, the authors substantiate the importance of state support and scientific support for circular economy. The speedy solution of the issues revealed in the article is of interest in the preparation of draft state, sectoral programs for socio-economic development of the agro-industrial complex, will ensure a more efficient use of raw materials in the framework of production processes.

Advanced Design for Experimental Optimisation of Physico-Mechanical Characteristics of Sustainable Local Hemp Concrete

The meaning of technological progress is to produce economic development and to increase the level of personal comfort. Sustainability can only be achieved if, at the microsystem level as well as at the macrosystem level, the secondary effects of the activities undertaken by people on the environment are in a state of neutrality compared to the impact they can produce on natural conditions. This neutrality can be intrinsic or can be achieved through coercive and compensatory measures. If we take into account the production of carbon dioxide that accompanies a product from the stages of conceptualisation, design, procurement of materials, execution, operation, maintenance, decommissioning and recycling the waste produced at the end of use, then nothing can be sustainable in pure form. Nevertheless, there are products whose production, both as a raw material and as a technological process, can be neutral in terms of carbon emissions. Moreover, they can even become carbon negative over time. This is also the case with eco-sustainable hemp concrete, whose capacity to absorb carbon dioxide starts from the growth phase of the plant from which the raw material is obtained and continues throughout the existence of the constructed buildings. Not only does it absorb carbon dioxide, but it also stores it for a period of at least 50 years as long as the construction is guaranteed, being at the same time completely recyclable. However, in order to obtain an optimal mixture from the point of view of raw material consumption, represented by industrial hemp wood chips and the binder based on lime and cement, multiple experiments are necessary. The study presented in this work is based on the use of an advanced method of experimental planning (design of experiments method), which makes possible the correlation between the values obtained experimentally and the algorithm that generated the matrix arrangement of the quantities of materials used in the recipes. This approach helps to create the necessary framework for parametric optimisation with a small number of trials. Thus, it is possible to obtain the mathematical law valid within the minimum and maximum limits of the studied domain that defines the characteristics of the material and allows the achievement of optimisation. The material is thus designed to satisfy the maximum thermal insulation requirements that it can achieve depending on a certain minimum admissible compressive strength.

First efforts on recovery of thermoplastic composites at low temperatures by power ultrasonics

Fiber reinforced composites possess exceptional mass-specific properties and therefore offer a high potential for weight reduction in lightweight applications. However, the need to recover, remanufacture and recirculate polymer composites at lower temperatures is still an area to be addressed. For a cleaner and more sustainable reuse of polymer composites at their end-of-use (EoU) phase, a materials circularity strategy can be applied. This work describes a novel method and proof-of-concept to recover carbon-fiber (CF)/ polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) composites. It is composed of three steps: i.) initiation of controlled interlaminar pre-cracks by power ultrasonics, ii.) propagation of the pre-cracks under peel-like loading, and iii.) ultrasonic reconsolidation of the separated layers. Microscopic and mechanical investigations on the composite materials before and after the separation and reconsolidation, shows near-identical fiber-bundle arrangements, with the reconsolidated composites retaining approximately 89 % of its mechanical properties compared to the original laminate.

The Effects of Data Security and Perceived Benefits on Mobile Phone Recycling Behaviour and the Recycling Intention Mediation Role

Mobile phones are the most heavily utilised electronic devices on a global scale. Since they are relatively smaller than other electronic devices, unlike other electronic waste (e-waste), they are not disposed of properly. Hence, this study examines the factors influencing mobile phone users’ overall intention to recycle their mobile phones. The factors used originate from the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), but additional factors were also included, namely, perceived benefits and data security, to allow for a more in-depth analysis of customer behaviour. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed to analyse 601 results from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) through a self-administered online survey. The results demonstrate that perceived benefits (whether environmental or financial) and perceived behavioural control possess the most statistically significant positive effects on the UAE mobile phone users’ intention to participate in reverse supply chain (RSC) processes such as refurbishing or recycling. The impacts of attitude and subjective norms were the second most positive influences. Meanwhile, only 7% of UAE mobile phone users were significantly impacted by data security in participating in RSC processes. Additionally, recycling intention had no noticeable mediation effect on the relationship among the TPB variables and the extended variables (namely, data security and perceived benefits) and mobile phone recycling behaviour. The study offers confidence to industrial players in implementing these particular factors in their reverse supply chain management (RSCM) systems to influence more users to return end-of-life (EOL) or end-of-use (EOU) mobile phones, which could, in return, assist in resource preservation and environmental protection.

A proposed integrated model to assess product recovery pathways: The case of solar photovoltaics

A Circular Economy (CE) is facilitated by the closing of material flow loops. This requires the development of complex collection, sorting, and product recovery mechanisms. Besides infrastructural challenges, product recovery is further complicated by the manufacture and consumption of increasingly complex multi-component and multi-material products whose design often limits efficient disassembly at the end of product life. The lack of information on how to treat end of use (EoU) products and the associated costs further inhibits recovery-related decision-making. Thus, the default EoU treatment is often simply landfilling and/or incineration resulting in the loss of valuable resources. In addition, resulting environmental degradation may be avoided when other product recovery strategies such as recycling, remanufacturing and direct reuse are applied. This paper proposes a system dynamics tool inspired by the materials recovery hierarchy to understand the sustainability impacts of EoU recovery. The model evaluates environmental trade-offs for alternate product recovery strategies prioritizing the recovery of EoU products, sub-assemblies, components, and materials over more destructive options of landfilling and incineration. A case study centered around EoU solar photovoltaic (PV) panels is used to validate the model.

Next-generation Mobile Cardiac Telemetry: Clinical Value of Combining Electrocardiographic and Physiologic Parameters.

The ZOLL Arrhythmia Monitoring System, a mobile cardiac telemetry (MCT) device from ZOLL Corporation (Chelmsford, MA, USA), records single-channel electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, heart rate, activity, respiratory rate, and posture. Comprehensive reporting from these multiple biometrics may provide a global evaluation of arrhythmic or other cardiovascular risks in individual patients and insights into the patient’s overall wellness and health status. The objective of the study was to evaluate the physician-perceived utility of adding biometric data to the traditional ECG-only–based assessment and subject-reported symptoms. This prospective study recruited candidates for MCT. Independent event and end-of-use (EOU) reports based on ECG and biometrics data were provided to physicians. To document whether the biometric data affected treatment plan decisions or added value over the ECG-alone data, physicians completed a questionnaire for each report. Additionally, they completed the questionnaire to understand the utility of the subject wellness information provided in the EOU report. From December 2020 to July 2021, 583 patients were enrolled by 27 physicians from 18 cardiology practices in the United States. When using biometrics data compared to the ECG alone, this study found that 96% of the physicians made changes to the treatment plan that initially was based on the ECG alone. The biometrics-based changes involved 64% of all patients (n = 535), and included modifications to medications, follow-up, and lifestyle in 18%, 19%, and 63% of the subjects, respectively. In this largest MCT study conducted to date, next-generation MCT, by providing multiple biometric parameters along with ECG data, improves physicians’ ability to make patient management decisions. This added functionality and clarity may replace traditional “ECG with diary”–based monitoring.

Heparin versus normal saline locking for prevention of occlusion, catheter-related infections and thrombosis in central venous catheter in adults: Overview of systematic reviews.

Venous access devices are used in health care. To prevent occlusions the evidence confirmed the need for routine catheter flushing before and after infusion as well as at the end of use. To date, the efficacy of heparin has not been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the locking of central venous catheters with heparin versus normal saline in adults to prevent occlusion, catheter-related infections and thrombosis in adults. A literature search using Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and Cinahl was performed to identify all meta-analyses addressing the effectiveness of heparin versus normal saline in locking central venous catheters in adults. Four reviewers independently selected publications assessed quality and extracted data. Parameter estimates regarding occlusion, catheter- related infections and thrombosis were pooled using an umbrella review. We identified 6356 references. Seven systematic reviews were included in the study. Most of the studies included in the systematic reviews were conducted in oncohaematology departments, intensive care and cardiac surgery units among patients with multiple diseases and chronicity. Most studies report a heparin concentration of 10 to 5000 IU/ml versus normal saline and other solutions. There was no evidence that heparin was more effective than normal saline in reducing complications such as occlusion, catheter-related infections and thrombosis. No statistically significant difference was found between heparin and normal saline in reducing catheter occlusion. Heparin is not superior compared to normal saline.

High Resting Heart Rates Are Associated with Early Posthospitalization Mortality in Low Ejection Fraction Patients.

Guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) is crucial in reducing mortality in patients with heart failure with heart rate lowering by a beta blocker (BB) being an important therapeutic concept. We aimed to assess the usefulness of a wearable cardioverter/defibrillator (WCD) to provide detailed information about heart rate for managing patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and symptoms of heart failure and to correlate mortality with the mean heart rate. A total of 4509 consecutive patients (mean age: 59 + 13 years, 88% male) were analyzed retrospectively. All patients had reduced LVEF and were prescribed a WCD for protection from sudden cardiac death (SCD) during GDMT uptitration awaiting LVEF recovery. The device continuously measured nighttime and daytime HR at the beginning and end of WCD use. Patients who died during wear time had significantly higher HRs compared with survivors: daytime beginning of use (BOU), 80 ± 15 bpm vs. 76 ± 13, p < 0.01; nighttime BOU, 76 ± 14 vs. 69 ± 13, p < 0.0001; daytime end of use (EOU), 84 ± 20 vs. 73 ± 13, p < 0.0001; nighttime EOU, 80 ± 20 vs. 65 ± 12, p < 0.0001). In conclusion, HR monitoring with a WCD yields important prognostic information and may assist in optimal usage of BB in patients with low LVEF.

Defining the Macromolecules of Tomorrow through Synergistic Sustainable Polymer Research.

Transforming how plastics are made, unmade, and remade through innovative research and diverse partnerships that together foster environmental stewardship is critically important to a sustainable future. Designing, preparing, and implementing polymers derived from renewable resources for a wide range of advanced applications that promote future economic development, energy efficiency, and environmental sustainability are all central to these efforts. In this Chemical Reviews contribution, we take a comprehensive, integrated approach to summarize important and impactful contributions to this broad research arena. The Review highlights signature accomplishments across a broad research portfolio and is organized into four wide-ranging research themes that address the topic in a comprehensive manner: Feedstocks, Polymerization Processes and Techniques, Intended Use, and End of Use. We emphasize those successes that benefitted from collaborative engagements across disciplinary lines.

Characterization of the state of health of a complex system at the end of use

The state of health (SoH) of an end-of-life product is one of the levers for optimizing the circular economy (CE) process in order to allow the product life-extension. Many approaches have been developed in the literature to estimate the SoH of a complex system (CS). In this study, we asked ourselves the following two questions: First, how to optimize the circular lifecycle scenarios of the components of a product at its end of life? And second, how to estimate the SoH of a product at the end of its life? To answer these questions, we proceeded as follows. First of all, the state of health of a product needs to be considered as an important parameter as well as performance or reliability. To estimate the SoH, it is necessary to identify the product parameters to be observed. The problem here is to choose the most relevant parameters among all those available for a CS. To do this, we have proposed a conditional-based maintenance approach (CBM) which consists in establishing the fault tree of a product. It consists of functionally breaking down a product into its various components and identifying the main failures for each of them. Then, these failures are used to identify the parameters to be monitored. Second, based on the most relevant parameters, the health indicators needed to estimate the SoH of the product are obtained. Then, the Prognostic and Health Management approach (PHM) is proposed in order to estimate the SoH. In the objective of providing a general solution that could be used for estimating the health status of any product, we have proposed a generic framework for the PHM approach. It serves as a guide in choosing the right approach according to the situation. Then, we proposed a decision-making strategy to optimize the process of orienting components in circular loops. This strategy is based only on the technical-functional indicator, which is the SoH of the components. Finally, we showed an example of the implementation of the proposed method for the case of the electrical scooter motor.