End Cutter Research Articles

Automatic device for injection and multiple column switching in high-performance liquid chromatography

A fully automated high-performance liquid chromatographic loop sampler is described with capability for multidimensional column switching. The apparatus consists of a modified Hewlett-Packard gas chromatographic liquid sampler with a programmable laboratory data system or with a programmable event timer which allows precise switching of the high-pressure pneumatically operated valves. Besides the multidimensional chromatographic separation, this device offers possibilities of on-column concentration, for different kinds of cutting fractions (front, heart and end cut) and for backflushing.

A new surface preparation and bevelling technique for spreading resistance measurements on N- and P-type silicon : T. F. Unter and D. R. Lamb. Microelectronics6, 17 (1975)

Osteotomy cuts are typically made using a saw, and the meeting point acts as a focus for the concentration of stress and failure. We have studied the impact of different designs of osteotomy cut. Cadaver sheep tibias were scanned by computed tomography (CT) and transformed into a computer-aided design (CAD) model. A standard marginal resection defect was created and then modified, and a finite element analysis made. The relative stress concentrations at the intersection of osteotomy cuts were recorded using principal stresses S1, S3, and von Mises stress, von Mises under both 4-point bending and torsion testing. The osteotomy designs studied were: right-angled and bevelled osteotomy end cuts, overcutting, and a stop drill hole. Peak stress values for 4-point bending and torsion were 24–30% greater at the right-angled osteotomy than the bevelled end cut. Overcutting dramatically increased peak stress values caused by bending and torsion by 48% and 71%, respectively. Substantially lower concentrations of stress were noted with a stop hole using both a 90° (bending 38% and torsion 56%), and a tangential (bending 58% and torsion 60%) cut. A bevelled osteotomy has substantially lower concentrations of stress than a right-angled osteotomy. It is important to avoid creating an overcut as this causes an appreciable increase in the concentration of stress, while a stop drill hole substantially reduces the stress. The creation of a stop hole and the use of judicious bevelling techniques are modifications in the design of an osteotomy that are readily applicable to surgical practice.

Effect of thermal etching on silicon epitaxial growth by vacuum sublimation : A. Kimura and C. A. Lee. Solid State Electronics18, 901 (1975)

Osteotomy cuts are typically made using a saw, and the meeting point acts as a focus for the concentration of stress and failure. We have studied the impact of different designs of osteotomy cut. Cadaver sheep tibias were scanned by computed tomography (CT) and transformed into a computer-aided design (CAD) model. A standard marginal resection defect was created and then modified, and a finite element analysis made. The relative stress concentrations at the intersection of osteotomy cuts were recorded using principal stresses S1, S3, and von Mises stress, von Mises under both 4-point bending and torsion testing. The osteotomy designs studied were: right-angled and bevelled osteotomy end cuts, overcutting, and a stop drill hole. Peak stress values for 4-point bending and torsion were 24–30% greater at the right-angled osteotomy than the bevelled end cut. Overcutting dramatically increased peak stress values caused by bending and torsion by 48% and 71%, respectively. Substantially lower concentrations of stress were noted with a stop hole using both a 90° (bending 38% and torsion 56%), and a tangential (bending 58% and torsion 60%) cut. A bevelled osteotomy has substantially lower concentrations of stress than a right-angled osteotomy. It is important to avoid creating an overcut as this causes an appreciable increase in the concentration of stress, while a stop drill hole substantially reduces the stress. The creation of a stop hole and the use of judicious bevelling techniques are modifications in the design of an osteotomy that are readily applicable to surgical practice.

A Study of the Characteristics of Live Market Hogs as Related to the Quality of Carcasses Produced

These studies involved the use of records from 393 spring and fall farrowed pigs produced in the Cornell University Experiment Station herd. The Berkshire, Chester White and Duroc Jersey breeds and their crossbreds were included in the studies. The pigs were full-fed from weaning time. An analysis of the data collected during 1939–40 and 1940–41 shows a highly significant correlation between condition as determined by visual observation and the average thickness of back fat in the carcasses. On the other hand it was not possible to estimate the thickness of back fat by handling the live hogs before slaughter. The thickness of the back fat was greater as the live weight of the hogs increased and, as expected, there was a highly significant correlation between live and dressed weights. The results of the work done in 1941–1942 are in accord with that of the previous work in the relationship between live weight and thickness of back fat and also between live weight and dressed weight. The results of detailed studies of six characteristics involving 30 head each of the Berkshire, Chester White and Duroc Jersey hogs made to determine certain other relationships are shown in table 1. Highly significant correlations were obtained between several of the factors studied, however, there was little or no correlation between the fatness of the pig and the development of loin-eye muscle or the lean in the end cut of the ham. The area of the loin-eye muscle is correlated with weight but less so than with several other factors studied. There was a highly significant correlation between the area of the loin-eye muscle and the area of the lean in the end cut of the ham. The circumference of the ham is influenced by the fatness of the pig. Certain differences were found between the breeds studied, but more extensive work should be done with hogs from different sources before general conclusions are drawn.