Encryption Design Research Articles

Design and Implementation of Encryption/ Decryption Architectures for BFV Homomorphic Encryption Scheme

Abstract: Now a days security is the prime part for both, the satellites communication of the electronics data and the stored data, hence encryption is important for information processing system and communication network. The proposed approach is easy to learn due the use of speed efficient Vedic multiplier. Since it minimizes the execution time and area, so the delay and power consumption is further decrease by the compact and flexible approach in the Mix column transform which takes different approach rather than conventional multiplication previously. The structure style of modeling helps to easy understandable the proposed design of algorithm. BFV is the symmetrical has designed and verified in the Verilog HDL in Xilinx tool. In this project we present using kogge-stone adder and Vedic multiplier.

Fractional-order Sprott K chaotic system and its application to biometric iris image encryption

Fractional-order (FO) chaotic systems exhibit random sequences of significantly greater complexity when compared to integer-order systems. This feature makes FO chaotic systems more secure against various attacks in image cryptosystems. In this study, the dynamical characteristics of the FO Sprott K chaotic system are thoroughly investigated by phase planes, bifurcation diagrams, and Lyapunov exponential spectrums to be utilized in biometric iris image encryption. It is proven with the numerical studies the Sprott K system demonstrates chaotic behaviour when the order of the system is selected as 0.9. Afterward, the introduced FO Sprott K chaotic system-based biometric iris image encryption design is carried out in the study. According to the results of the statistical and attack analyses of the encryption design, the secure transmission of biometric iris images is successful using the proposed encryption design. Thus, the FO Sprott K chaotic system can be employed effectively in chaos-based encryption applications.

Design and analysis of image encryption based on memristor chaotic systems with hidden attractors

Chaotic systems with hidden attractors are important research hotspots in nonlinear science. In recent years, continuous chaotic systems with special equilibrium points have been widely studied, especially continuous chaotic systems without equilibrium points. A four-dimensional chaotic system devoid of equilibrium point is proposed by using a composite cosine piecewise-linear (COS-PWL)function and a memristor model based on the modified Sprott-C system. The dynamical behaviors of the new system are studied through numerical analysis methods. The results reveal it is extremely sensitive to control parameters as well as initial conditions, which make it particularly suitable for application to image encryption algorithms. In light of these findings, a novel image encryption algorithm is introduced. This algorithm integrates the new four-dimensional chaotic system with ribonucleic acid (RNA) coding technology. Furthermore, the simulation results and security analyses validate the rationality of the encryption mechanism and the robustness of the encryption security of the proposed image encryption algorithm.

Photo/Mechanical/Acidic Multi-Stimuli Responses and Information Encryption Design of Acylhydrazone Derivative.

Stimuli-responsive crystalline materials have received much attention for being potential candidates of smart materials. However, the occurrence of polymorphism-driven stimuli responses in crystalline materials remains interesting but rare. Herein, three polymorphs of an acylhydrazone derivative, N'-[(E)-(1-benzofuran-2-yl) methylidene] pyridine -4-carbohydrazide (BFMP) were prepared. Form-1 undergoes a photomechanical response via E→Z photoisomerization under UV irradiation, accompanied by a decrease in fluorescence intensity and a change from colorless to yellow. Two types of Z→E thermal isomerization mechanisms with significant differences in conversion rate were observed at different temperatures in form-1. The solid-melt-solid transition has a faster conversion rate compared to the solid-solid transition due to freedom from lattice confinement. The transition from form-2 to form-3 can be achieved under grinding, coupled with a significant decrease in fluorescence intensity. The similar molecular stacking pattern of form-2 and form-3 provides a structural basis for the grinding-induced crystalline transition behavior. In addition, the presence of the pyridine moiety imparts an acidochromic property. The combination of photochromism and acidochromism explores the possible applications of acylhydrazone derivatives in information encryption.

CCA Security with Short AEAD Tags

The size of the authentication tag represents a significant overhead for applications that are limited by bandwidth or memory. Hence, some authenticated encryption designs have a smaller tag than the required privacy level, which was also suggested by the NIST lightweight cryptography standardization project. In the ToSC 2022, two papers have raised questions about the IND-CCA security of AEAD schemes in this situation. These papers show that (a) online AE cannot provide IND-CCA security beyond the tag length, and (b) it is possible to have IND-CCA security beyond the tag length in a restricted Encode-then-Encipher framework. In this paper, we address some of the remaining gaps in this area. Our main result is to show that, for a fixed stretch, Pseudo-Random Injection security implies IND-CCA security as long as the minimum ciphertext size is at least as large as the required IND-CCA security level. We also show that this bound is tight and that any AEAD scheme that allows empty plaintexts with a fixed stretch cannot achieve IND-CCA security beyond the tag length. Next, we look at the weaker notion of MRAE security, and show that two-pass schemes that achieve MRAE security do not achieve IND-CCA security beyond the tag size. This includes SIV and rugged PRPs.

An optimized chaotic S-box for real-time image encryption scheme based on 4-dimensional memristive hyperchaotic map

As digital products communicate over public networks, digital image security becomes essential. Despite advancements in encryption technology, protecting data from secure images remains a complex computational issue that necessitates using an encrypted environment to protect data transmitted from devices over networks. Encryption is critical for protecting sensitive information, especially images, from unauthorized access or failure. Image encryption is distinct from text encryption. Images contain extensive data with high redundancy and a high correlation between nearby pixels, making them difficult to process with traditional technology. In recent decades, chaos maps have become popular in the crypto community. This work proposes a new encryption technology based on chaotic map substitution boxes (S-box) and cellular automata (CA) to address the frequent challenges in chaotic encryption methods. To address the inadequate randomness provided by the 1D chaotic map, this work presented a 4D memristive hyperchaos with a more excellent chaotic range, increased uncertainty, and ergodicity as an alternative to the software-based approach, which is vulnerable and offers low throughput. The suggested encryption technique was implemented on an Intel Cyclone IV EP4CE115F29C7 FPGA. It is less prone to tampering and has a better throughput. This suggested encryption scheme employs 1384 LEs. In comparison to traditional algorithms, the suggested Number of Pixels Change Rate (NPCR) (99.9706%), unified averaged changed intensity (UACI) (33.3956%), and information entropy (IE) (7.984) accomplish more effective. Statistical studies such as IE, histogram, correlation, peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), differential analysis such as NPCR and UACI, and noise attack analyses are employed to validate the suggested encryption design. Regarding security, the suggested hybrid method outperforms conventional algorithms while protecting image quality.

Design of Data Encryption and Compression Methods

Big data, cloud computing and other hot areas are the use of personal information, but in the process of using this data, a large number of improper behavior is used to steal personal information. Most of the encryption algorithms in common use nowadays are based on ones that are no longer absolutely secure, such as RSA attacked by factorization, elliptic curves attacked by Pollard's lambda algorithm, and symmetric encryption algorithms attacked by collisions. In this paper, an integrated encryption and compression algorithm is designed, firstly, the data is transformed into the form of matrix, and the Jordan decomposition is used for preliminary compression and encryption from the two-dimensional point of view, and then based on the sparsity of matrix vectors, the compression-aware technique is used for compressing the set of key vectors, and the ciphertext group J produced by Jordan decomposition (which is a string of numbers with matrix diagonal length base √2 N), as well as the set of key vectors Y and the intermediate value Θ produced by compression awareness are obtained in the end. This sidesteps the common algorithms that have already been breached and is able to combine better encryption performance with compression performance while being innovative.

Achieving time-dependent and color-tunable ultralong room temperature phosphorescence through sodiation reconfiguration for dynamic 5D information encryption

A metal–organic thermal polymerization strategy is developed for synthesizing ultralong-lived Al/Phe-PMs with time-dependent phosphorescence color (TDPC) and NaOH-stimulated color tunability, with a production capacity of kilogram scale.

Light-responsive smart nanopapers and ink: design for information storage and encryption

In the present study, spiropyran (SP)-like photoactive molecules were embedded in situ into cavities of lanthanide metal–organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs), resulting in individually aligned molecules to generate dynamically photo-responsive materials (Ln-MOFs@SP).

SWiSSSE: System-Wide Security for Searchable Symmetric Encryption

This paper initiates a new direction in the design and analysis of searchable symmetric encryption (SSE) schemes. We provide the first comprehensive security model and definition for SSE that takes into account leakage from the entirety of the SSE system, including not only from access to encrypted indices but also from access to the encrypted database documents themselves. Such system-wide leakage is intrinsic in end-to-end SSE systems, and can be used to break almost all state-of-the-art SSE schemes (Gui et al., IEEE S&P 2023). We then provide a static SSE construction meeting our new security notion. The proposed SSE scheme involves a combination of novel techniques: bucketization to hide volumes of responses to queries, and delayed, pseudorandom write-backs to disrupt access pattern. Our implementation and analysis of the proposed scheme demonstrates that it offers very strong security against general classes of (system-wide) leakage-abuse attacks with moderate overhead. Our scheme scales smoothly to databases containing hundreds of thousand of documents and millions of keyword-document pairs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first end-to-end SSE scheme that effectively suppresses system-wide leakage while maintaining practical efficiency.

Development of computer application system and database testing based on data encryption technology

Abstract In this paper, we use the MapReduce programming framework for the development of a computer application system and design the vision module, control module and transaction module of the system based on MVC architecture. Focusing on the encryption design of the database, the data stored in the database is chunked through the Map function, and all the chunking results are aggregated based on the Reduce function, and synchronized encryption of the database is combined with the Paillier homomorphic encryption algorithm. On this basis, the system environment is configured, and the application system developed in this paper is tested, focusing on exploring the stability of the database. The test results show that the decryption output time is 21s when the Paillier encryption algorithm is 200, and the first set of database peak is 76% of the server load, which is within the tolerable range. Security test on the database: the results show that the probability of an attack on all ports with a database security factor less than 6 is around 0.3. There is no significant difference, and the database test is good.

New S-Box Design for Image Encryption Based on Multi-Chaotic System

New S-Box Design for Image Encryption Based on Multi-Chaotic System

New Design of Encryption with Covertext and Reordering

Documents for some entities are confidential and important, so security is required. Encryption with Covertext and Reordering (ECR) is a text-based document security model. ECR uses a random key to generate the ciphertext. The ECR’s random key is selected using the human-generated method. This research aims to increase the level of document security based on the ECR mechanism. This paper proposes a new method by using a random key in a permutated table. The random key is generated automatically by a function. The entropy is used as a measurement of the security level of the encrypted documents. The experimental shows that the permutated table inside the ECR provides better entropy values. It implies a better security level. The use of permutated tables also makes it easier to use ECR to secure documents.

Questioning the Administrative Accountability of the ITU on the QUESS Oversight

In accordance with the SI unit of the unperturbed ground-state hyperfine transition frequency of the cesium 133 atom, Eutelsat has secured the safety procedures of telecommunication decays in the development of quantum communication technology. As observers of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is bound for intergovernmental observers with specialized agencies of the United Nations and IAEA based on reciprocity. The apparent overpowered photon beam of the Quantum Experiment at Space Scale (QUESS) military intelligence purposed telecommunication encryption designs launched around 2016, along with a German photon experiment directed at earth, were neither intervened by the ITU nor the IAEA. According to Article 10 63. 1. of the International Telecommunication Convention, the ITU is responsible with International Frequency Registration Board for the administrative accountability, however, Article 8 54. (3) gives rent to the administrative powers of the organization for agenda settings by the Secretary-General. The article analyzes and questions the administrative accountability of the ITU in the oversight of the high energy photon applications in the telecommunications and if the IAEA was informed by the International Frequency Registration Board on this matter. Correlated behaviors in the cyber-based criminology, with significant impact on public health and biological integrity from such operations, is supplemented for the alteration of financial & economic incentives in the democratic systems, which constituted the liberal International institutionalism. The research contends that criminal liabilities ought to be sought for in the criminological chain.

A novel design of audio signals encryption with substitution permutation network based on the Genesio-Tesi chaotic system

A novel design of audio signals encryption with substitution permutation network based on the Genesio-Tesi chaotic system

Embedded Devices Security: Design and Implementation of a Light RDBMS Encryption Utilizing Multi-Core Processors

The pervasive proliferation of embedded, mobile, and IoT devices continue to change our lifestyle dramatically. However, the huge increase in these devices has come with critical breaches to data resting inside them. Many types of such data are considered to be sensitive and confidential. Because the most sensitive data of such devices are resting in databases, focusing on encrypting SQLite databases will be more efficient than full disk encryption (FDE). While SQLite is a very popular, lightweight, and easy-to-use relational database suitable for embedded and mobile devices, its stored data suffers serious security risks. If an attacker can gain access to higher system privileges or find a way to access the database plain file, he can tamper with the database files and user-sensitive data, which breaches the security CIA triad of SQLite. To ensure data confidentiality in SQLite databases of embedded devices, we present a design and implementation of a parallel database encryption system, called SQLite-XTS. The developed system encrypts the database pages on-the-fly in a transparent manner without user intervention. Because performance is a critical issue, SQLite-XTS utilizes multi-core processors coming with most current mobile and embedded devices. The developed parallel SQLite-XTS was successfully implemented and integrated into a testbed device. To assess the performance and feasibility of this system, it was compared to three other SQLite implementations: plain SQLite, serial XTS SQLite, and SQLCipher-CBC. The results show that SQLite-XTS reduces the overhead of database encryption from 30.8% with serial implementation to 17.8% when SQLite-XTS is used. This provides the developed system with an efficiency of 73% compared with its serial counterpart. The results clarify that SQLite-XTS introduces significant performance improvements compared to other implementations. Experiments also show that the system has a very low impact on the memory of these resource-limited devices.

Simulation of Medical Data Cloud Information Storage Encryption Based on Fuzzy Particle Swarm Optimization

Abstract In order to reduce the information storage load of network library and improve the security of medical data cloud information storage, information encryption design is needed. Therefore, a cloud information storage encryption simulation based on fuzzy particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed. Firstly, a complex database access model based on fuzzy particle swarm optimization algorithm is constructed, the encrypted statistical features of cloud storage information are extracted, and the random scrambling matching method is used for coding correction. Fuzzy particle swarm clustering realizes the fusion of cloud information output results and realizes the optimization of cloud information storage encryption.

Dynamic beam all-direlectric coding metasurface converter based on phase change materials of GST

Phase change materials, especially Ge2Sb2Te5(GST), play an important role in the design of dynamic all-dielectric metasurface due to its flexibility and adjustability. And its non-volatility makes it possible to form dynamic metasurfaces with complex functions. In this paper, we propose a cross-shaped all-dielectric metasurface based on GST interlayer, which can achieve ultra-high transmittance and complete 2π phase coverage in the near-infrared band when the interlayer material is in amorphous state. Through multipole decomposition and field distribution characterization, we have revealed the regulation principles of the unit cell before and after the switching. And thus, we designed the arrays of metasurface with switchable beam deflection, arbitrary coding and focusing functions. Holographic reconstruction based on GS algorithm is discussed and extended to independent control of the RGB channels in imaging applications. Our research can provide a reference for the design of compact multifunctional optical elements, optical encryption and dynamic metasurfaces.

Mayfly optimization with chaos-based image encryption technique for cloud computing environment

Cloud computing (CC) technologies become popular due to their characteristics of maximum availability, flexibility, and scalability. Despite the benefits of CC, security becomes a major challenging issue that can be resolved by the use of image encryption techniques. Numerous works have been carried out with several approaches, and effective models need to be designed to enhance secure image encryption algorithms. Recently, chaotic approaches have been available in various domains, such as design of cryptosystems and image encryption. Chaos-based methods utilize random chaos sequences for image encryption, which are highly secure and fast. In this view, this study introduces a unique mayfly optimization with chaos-based image encryption (MFO-CBIE) technique for CC environment. The major intention of the MFO-CBIE model is to accomplish security in the CC environment via encryption and key generation process. The proposed MFO-CBIE model follows a three-stage process, namely image encryption, optimal key generation, and image decryption. In addition, the MFO-CBIE model employs the MFO algorithm for the optimal key generation process of the chaos-based encryption technique. Once the images are encrypted, they are securely transmitted to the cloud server. On the receiver side, the cipher image gets accessed from the cloud server, and then the decryption process is carried out. The experimental evaluation of the MFO-CBIE model is tested using benchmark images, and the results ensured the promising performance of the MFO-CBIE model over recent approaches.

Design of cross-plane colour image encryption based on a new 2D chaotic map and combination of ECIES framework

Design of cross-plane colour image encryption based on a new 2D chaotic map and combination of ECIES framework