Encrypted Text Research Articles

Data Interworking Model and Analysis for Harmonization of Smart Metering Protocols in IoT-Based AMI System

In the energy sector, since the adoption of remote device management for massive advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) devices and Internet of Things (IoT) technology using a representational state transfer (RESTful) architecture, a blurred boundary has been developed between traditional AMI and IoT. With respect to smart meters, the standard-based smart metering protocol, called the device language message specification (DLMS) protocol, still has a predominant role in the AMI industry. Thus, we aim to propose a novel data interworking model in this article that embraces the DLMS protocol in AMI using the most promising IoT protocol, the so-called lightweight machine-to-machine (LwM2M) protocol. We provide a 1:1 conversion model using the correlation of the two protocols with an analysis of the object modeling and resource management methods of both the LwM2M and DLMS protocols. The proposed model utilizes a complete RESTful architecture, which is the most beneficial in the LwM2M protocol. It improves the average packet transmission efficiency and packet delay on the plaintext and encrypted text (session establishment and authenticated encryption) by 52.9%p and 9.9%p, respectively, and by 11.86 ms for both cases, compared to the encapsulation method of the LwM2M protocol, KEPCO's current approach. This work provides the key idea to unify the protocol for the remote metering and device management of field devices into the LwM2M protocol, and it is expected that this work will improve the efficiency in the operation and management of KEPCO's AMI system.

Encryption Methods and Algorithms Based on Domestic Standards in Open-Source Operating Systems

The paper describes the principles and methods underlying the creation of an application in secure operating systems, which provides reliable data encryption. The research aims to analyze and indicate the specifics of encryption methods and algorithms based on domestic standards in open-source operating systems. Cryptanalysis was used in the article, as this avoids vulnerabilities identified in previously created implementations. In the article, the authors draw attention to the fact that 7-Zip uses CBC encryption (concatenation of encrypted text blocks), but the Counter Mode is supported. The same support was provided in the encrypt implementation. Since the key expansion function initially fills the special array created by p7zip with round keys using a unique property of the domestic standard, only one round encryption function was created (performed both during encryption and decryption). This method is also used in various modes. In many cases, initialization time deviations depending on the selected mode are insignificant. The created cryptographic module was tested to meet the domestic standard, which contains several test cases. It was confirmed during the tests that the created module implements the algorithm of the domestic standard. The article shows a way to implement a fairly convenient graphical interface for accessing the cryptographic module, which enables the user not to call the command line and remember the sequence and types of parameters passed to p7zip. This implementation also takes into account the verification of the correctness of decryption and the reading of other error codes.

ETS-TEE: An Energy-Efficient Task Scheduling Strategy in a Mobile Trusted Computing Environment

A trusted execution environment (TEE) is a system-on-chip and CPU system with a wide security solution available on today's Arm application (APP) processors, which dominate the smartphone market. Generally, mobile APPs create a trusted application (TA) in the TEE to process sensitive information, such as payment or message encryption, which is transparent to the APPs running in the rich execution environments (REEs). In detail, the REE and TEE interact and eventually send back the results to the APP in the REE through the interface provided by the TA. Such an operation definitely increases the overhead of mobile APPs. In this paper, we first present a comprehensive analysis of the performance of open-source TEE encrypted text. We then propose a high energy-efficient task scheduling strategy (ETS-TEE). By leveraging the deep learning algorithm, our policy considers the complexity of TA tasks, which are dynamically scheduled between modeling on the local device and offloading to an edge server. We evaluate our approach on Raspberry Pi 3B as the local mobile device and Jetson TX2 as the edge server. The results show that compared with the default scheduling strategy on the local device, our approach achieves an average of 38.0% energy reduction and 1.6 × speedup. This greatly reduces the performance loss caused by mobile devices in order to protect the safe execution of applications, so that the trusted execution environment has both security and high performance.

Bit-based cube rotation for text encryption

<span>Today's rapid technological developments make information increasingly important. Not just its content, but the channels or media used for information distribution also need to be secured. Information security is an important aspect that requires serious attention. One of the most important parts of information security is implementation of encryption using certain methods or techniques. This study proposes bit-based cube rotation to secure a plaintext. The aim is to produce a ciphertext that satisfies the two properties of cryptography through diffusion to produce confusion. The result shows that in a normal sentence, there is a significant change in the ciphertext which has the highest avalanche effect value of 55.47% and a correlation coefficient of 0.115. This result proves that the bit-based cube rotation can produce a good ciphertext, where the encryption result is not influenced by its original text.</span>

The AI algorithm for text encryption using Steganography

The human being sought to find a human variety of techniques to assure data access with complete confidentiality. The transition from the use of. regular text and audio data to digital media has improved data access and transport. It has become relatively simple to intercept data sent across networks or get access to a variety of machines. Steganography is the study of concealing the existence of communication by embedding hidden data in multimedia payloads such as text, image, audio, and video. This project investigates how to improve steganography by merging text and image production to provide invisible encryption, security, and robustness in digital images. Text hide into another text using quality in the proposed system include Mean Square Error (MSE), Normalized Correlation (NC), and Normalized Cross–correlation Mean Squared Error, Histogram Analysis, Standard Deviation, and Statistical Test and Analysis. The algorithm of our suggested system seems to meet the greatest standards of security, perceptions, and capability. Using the standard of ASCII Control characters for a cover word, the procedure for using the processed system is supplied from the cover sentence. The same method is used for other words from different cover sentences, given the line numbers of each cover sentence and Stego sentence. Keywords: Algorithm, Secret Text, Steganography,

Text Encryption through Distributed Systems

Text Encryption through Distributed Systems

ENHANCED CRYPTOGRAPHIC SECURITY OF AGGREGATED DIGITAL SIGNATURES THROUGH UTILIZATION OF A UNIFIED AUTHENTICATION FRAMEWORK

The significance of this research lies in safeguarding user information and data against unauthorized alterations and destruction. Throughout the study, key aspects were explored, including user identification and authen-tication methods, cryptographic authentication protocols, digital signature properties, and strategies to enhance the cryptographic robustness of digital signatures. These strategies involved scrutinizing authentication methods using the Saati technique and the RSA algorithm. The analysis revealed that the attributes employed for digital signature recognition are highly resistant to replication, and the verification process is notably efficient. The height-ened cryptographic resilience of the electronic signature achieved through the RSA algorithm stems from the incorporation of a public key certificate. Consequently, a larger encryption key size corresponds to heightened sys-tem reliability and electronic digital signature security. While the utiliza-tion of the RSA algorithm results in encrypted text that is approximately 10 times larger than the original, its stability is comparatively increased.

Text encryption for lower text size: Design and implementation

For enterprises of all sizes and types in the IT sector, data security is essential. Data security is the process of giving databases and websites secure data privacy protections and preventing unauthorized data access. By encrypting digital data, software/hardware, and hard drives, unauthorized individuals or hackers can only access unreadable material, which is why encryption is a crucial data protection strategy. Data is produced by computing operations, which are then used to encrypt and send the data into the network. For low bandwidth channels, an encryption strategy has been put out in this work. The proposed method uses the properties of homomorphic transform to make it more unique and suitable for text encryption. Conversion of plain text to cipher text is done by using simple union and symmetric difference operators. Which makes it more reliable in terms of execution time.

Text encryption by image encryption key with based on generalized singular value decomposition (GSVD)

This paper we will address the encryption process text is generally through a number of processes of dispersion of the later values in a matrix is A through remittances linear in addition to the use of GSVD enters, including one key which is gray image or to be possible colored but to be converted to a grayscale image, where work will begin the application process distracting initial. In a compound to generate new matrices B1 and B2 of the original text matrix and which enters the mean of the matrix of images key.The second phase of the dispersion is using GSVD on the last matrices with the matrix of the key and switch C matrix among the two spectral for the new matrices B1 with key and B2 with key to generation new matrices B11,B22, which represents putting as correlative F = [B11;B22] who represents the matrix of the initial of the encoded text. For purpose of ascertaining the accuracy of the work we calculated the matrix of absolute value of the difference between the matrix of numbers for original text characters lettering before encryption and matrix of numbers for text characters after decryption to show us zero matrix, as well as the calculation of the average values of this matrix was zero.

Improved Blowfish Algorithm for Text Encryption Using DNA and Linear Feedback Shift Registers (LFSR)

Improved Blowfish Algorithm for Text Encryption Using DNA and Linear Feedback Shift Registers (LFSR)

Increase Security of Image Encryption Depends on Change Pixel Location

In any communication, security is the most important issue in today’s world. The information security has be come one of the most signify can tproblemsin data communication. Lots of datasecurity and data hiding algorithmshavebeendevelopedinthelastdecade. Cryptography and steganography are the two major techniques for secret communication. In this paper, the secret text is first encryptedbyusingAESwhichhasverygood performanceandisamostpowerfultechnique. Now this encrypted text is embedded using steganography. Our proposed system gives threestages of security for secret. The main aim of proposed method to increase security of embedding and extraction phase using AESencryption,steganography and change pixel location. In order to evaluate performance the proposed algorithm performs series of tests. These tests include, PSNR and MSE.

Text Encryption Analysis of Modified Symmetric Keys using Genetic Algorithm on Caesar Cipher and One Time Pad

<span lang="EN-US">The problem of data security is essential because data must be maintained securely and in its integrity, starting with the sending procedure and ending with the intended recipient. One way to maintain data security is to use cryptographic techniques, which use data encryption characteristics to transmit messages in secret (information encoding). Information can be encrypted using the Caesar Cipher and One Time Pad, symmetric key cryptographic algorithms. The key must be changed as a critical component of the cryptographic procedure to enhance the data or text's security. This study aims to analyse text encryption on the Caesar Cipher and One Time Pad (OTP) algorithms using a modified symmetric key by implementing a Genetic Algorithm, an optimisation algorithm. The research phase begins by adjusting the key using two types of Genetic Algorithm crossover operators, one-point crossover and two-point crossover, applied to the Caesar Cipher and OTP algorithms. Then testing and analysis of the ciphertext strength are carried out by comparing the frequency of character repetition with the results of implementing the two modification keys to determine which encoding model provides a better data security strength.</span>

Text Files Protection using Chaotic Logistic Keys

Text file some times contains secret or personal data which requires for protection from being hacked by unauthorized data hackers. In this research paper a simple, efficient and highly secure method of text file cryptography will be introduced. The text file will be divided into partitions with small sizes to increase the cryptography process throughput. Each partition will be encrypted-decrypted using its associated secret key. Each secret key will be generated from a chaotic logistic map by running a chaotic logistic map model with selected values of chaotic parameters. The chaotic keys will be converted to indices keys to form the secret keys. The secret keys will be used as a lockup tables to apply text file encryption-decryption. The characters of the text file will be rearranged based on the secret key indexes to form the encrypted text file. The characters of the encrypted file will be retrieved by the sequence of the indexes in the secret key. The contents of the decrypted file will be very sensitive to any changes in the chaotic parameters. The PK will have a complicated structure and it will contain the chaotic parameters values and the partition size. The partition size will be a percentage from the total text file size; this complicated structure will increase the key space, making it capable to resist any attack. The proposed method will be implemented using various in size text files, the obtained results will be analyzed to prove the quality, security and efficiency of the proposed method.

Symmetric text encryption scheme based Karhunen Loeve transform

Recently cryptography is one of the essence areas of study. There are two types of cryptography, this paper is concerned with the simplest and fastest which is “Symmetric Key Cryptography”. Symmetric encryption text information is widely known as an effective and secure method for the purpose of secure transmission. In this paper, we present a new symmetric encryption scheme for text encryption and decryption based on Karhunen Loeve transform, where Karhunen Loeve transform is a reversible linear transform. The time complexity of the proposed scheme is calculated for both encryption and decryption. The proposed scheme has an has efficiency according to the security measures.

A survey of recent advances in image steganography

AbstractOver the course of technological development, data security while transmission and storing has always been a field of continuous advancements and key importance. In the recent times, its importance has increased even further and the main reason behind this is the increase in the amount of data that is being transferred over internet and various networks. Although there are cryptographic approaches to handle these situations, steganography provides a different aspect to the solution. While cryptography encrypts the data such that the cipher text is visible to human eye, but the meaning of that encrypted text is never known. Steganography is the process of hiding data in plain sight inside some images, audio, video and so on, such that it is very difficult for the viewer to directly differentiate if there is some data hidden in the host or not. This paper consists a study of various methodologies to implement Image steganography like spatial domain manipulation, encryption based and deep learning approaches. The paper focuses upon recent advances in all these approaches for image steganography and aims to help other researches in this domain to understand recent developments as well future advancements possible in the same field. Furthermore, this paper illustrates about how different image formats effect various image steganography methods and how the various image color models interact with image steganography. Later this article sheds some light on the domain of steganalysis and reports about the fundamental principles as well as various implementations of steganalysis systems in recent times.

A Confidentiality-based data Classification-as-a-Service (C2aaS) for cloud security

Rapid development and massive use of Information Technology (IT) have since produced a massive amount of electronic data. In tandem, the demand for data outsourcing and the associated data security is increasing exponentially. Small organizations are often finding it expensive to save and process their huge amount of data, and keep the data secure from unauthorized access. Cloud computing is a suitable and affordable platform to provide services on user demand. The cloud platform is preferable used by individuals, Small, and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) that cannot afford large-scale hardware, software, and security maintenance cost. Storage and processing of big data in the cloud are becoming the key appealing features to SMEs and individuals. However, the processing of big data in the cloud is facing two issues such as security of stored data and system overload due to the volume of the data. These storage methods are plain text storage and encrypted text storage. Both methods have their strengths and limitations. The fundamental issue in plain text storage is the high risk of data security breaches; whereas, in encrypted text storage, the encryption of complete file data may cause system overload. This paper propose a feasible solution to address these issues with a new service model called Confidentiality-based Classification-as-a-Service (C2aaS) that performs data processing by treating data dynamically according to the data security level in preparation for data storing in the cloud. In comparison to the conventional methods, our proposed service model is strongly showing good security for confidential data and is proficient in reducing cloud system overloading.

Encrypted smartphone text messaging between spine surgeons may reduce after-hours surgery.

"After-hours" non-elective spine surgery is associated with increased morbidity. Decision-making may be enhanced by collaborative input from experienced local colleagues. At our center, we implemented routine use of a cross-platform messaging system (CPMS; WhatsApp Inc., Mountain View, California) to facilitate quality care discussions and collaborative surgical decision-making between spine surgeons prior to booking cases with the operating room. Our aim is to determine whether encrypted text messaging for shared decision-making between spine surgeons affects the number or type of after-hours spine procedures. We retrospectively compared the number, type and length of after-hours spine surgery over three time periods: (A) June 1, 2016-May 31, 2017 (baseline control); (B) June 1, 2017-May 31, 2018 (implementation of retrospective quality care spine rounds); and (C) June 1, 2018-May 31, 2019 (implementation of CPMS). A qualitative analysis of the CPMS transcripts was also performed to assess the rate of between-surgeon agreement for timing and type of procedure. The mean number of after-hours spine surgeries/month over the three study periods (A, B, C) was 10.83, 9.75 and 7.58 (p = 0.014); length of surgery was 41.82, 33.14 and 25.37h/month (p = 0.001). Group agreement with the attending spine surgeon plan was 74.3% overall and was highest for the most urgent and least urgent types of indications. Prospective (i.e., prior to booking surgery) quality care discussion for joint decision-making among spine surgeons using CPMS may reduce both the number and complexity of after-hours procedures.

Effective Design of Secure Cipher Application Based on Digital Alteration Technical

In today’s era, communication and sharing of information is increasing rapidly. It is important to mention that Cryptography has been used for secure communication since it is regarded an important tool to protect the information in the modern world in computer systems. Many techniques can be used to implement the encryption like substitution and permutation or sometimes by some mathematical readability. The cipher text can be generated according to the human comprehension and readability after applying any of the aforementioned techniques. In this research, have studied and analyzed the current limitations and challenges of cipher and algorithms context from the perspective of security design. Then, we have identified the design dimensions and components of a secure cipher application based on digital alteration technical. Then, a secure cipher application based on digital change technical was constructed and developed. At last, we tested and evaluated the user interaction in cipher application prototype based on suggested technical. Through experience, it was confirmed that the digital alteration technical is useful and easy for users who work on text encryption.

A Lightweight Hybrid Scheme for Hiding Text Messages in Colour Images Using LSB, Lah Transform and Chaotic Techniques

Data security can involve embedding hidden images, text, audio, or video files within other media to prevent hackers from stealing encrypted data. Existing mechanisms suffer from a high risk of security breaches or large computational costs, however. The method proposed in this work incorporates low-complexity encryption and steganography mechanisms to enhance security during transmission while lowering computational complexity. In message encryption, it is recommended that text file data slicing in binary representation, to achieve different lengths of string, be conducted before text file data masking based on the lightweight Lucas series and mod function to ensure the retrieval of text messages is impossible. The steganography algorithm starts by generating a random key stream using a hybrid of two low-complexity chaotic maps, the Tent map and the Ikeda map. By finding a position vector parallel to the input image vector, these keys are used based on the previously generated position vector to randomly select input image data and create four vectors that can be later used as input for the Lah transform. In this paper, we present an approach for hiding encrypted text files using LSB colour image steganography by applying a low-complexity XOR operation to the most significant bits in 24-bit colour cover images. It is necessary to perform inverse Lah transformation to recover the image pixels and ensure that invisible data cannot be retrieved in a particular sequence. Evaluation of the quality of the resulting stego-images and comparison with other ways of performing encryption and message concealment shows that the stego-image has a higher PSNR, a lower MSE, and an SSIM value close to one, illustrating the suitability of the proposed method. It is also considered lightweight in terms of having lower computational overhead.

Chaos-Based Cryptography: Text Encryption Using Image Algorithms

Currently, chaotic cryptography is mainly concentrated on image encryption. Once-popular stream-encryption algorithms, e.g., textual data, are now rarely considered. This article studies how chaotic image-encryption algorithms can be used to encrypt text. The proposed approach to this problem consists of two stages: in the first stage, the text message is intended for encryption into an image; in the second step, the selected image-encryption algorithm is used. An example illustrates the efficiency of this method. In addition, the article presents measures used in image-encryption analysis that confirm the security of the obtained cipher-image, such as entropy (value close to 8), correlation of adjacent pixels (values close to 0), or measures related to differential cryptanalysis. The proposed method offers a new look at text encryption using chaos, by applying image-encryption algorithms already known from the literature.