Encrypted Bits Research Articles

Design of Real Time Video Encryption System Based on Adaptive Elastic Motion Model in H.264

For the safeguard of bit streams of H.264 video codec, a new method was offered by this paper. In this document an optimized way of producing motion parameters is suggested. An extremely secure encryption system for H.264 codec can be proposed by encrypting this optimized motion parameter. The video compression is carried out with the help of adaptive PSO (Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization) algorithm to obtain the best motion parameter in the elastic motion model of H.264 codec. Using ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography) algorithm the motion parameters are optimized and which are next encrypted to encrypt the optimized motion vectors. The Encrypted motion vector is specified as input for coding stage of H.264, which generates an encrypted bit stream. Using Matlab working platform the suggested system is reproduced. The comparisons are made over the presented H.264 codec with the suggested H.264 codec.

Bit-plane Encrypted Image Cryptosystem Using Chaotic, Quadratic, and Cubic Maps

ABSTRACTRecently, in chaotic cryptography several new techniques have been suggested to develop efficient and secure image encryption algorithm for communication of image over insecure/public channels. Some of these techniques are computationally less complex but fails to provide sufficient security, and some techniques are though highly secured but increases computational overhead for encryption and decryption. This paper presents an efficient bit-plane encryption algorithm using chaotic, quadratic, and cubic maps. The proposed algorithm is based on the confusion, diffusion, and pixel randomisation processes. The encryption security of this technique for different bit-plane has been tested through key space analysis, statistical analysis, entropy analysis, and sensitivity analysis for real time image encryption and transmission. The presented algorithm shows the strength of security in terms of information entropy, peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), number of pixels change rate (NPCR), unified average changing intensity (UACI), and correlation coefficient with the number of encrypted bit planes. It is clear that the strength of security increases with the number of encrypted bit planes, but the presented results demand that the level of security reached to the requirements (expected theoretically according to [C. Fu, et al., Optic Express, 20, 2363–78, Jan. 2012]) after encryption of four to six bit planes with reasonable small encryption/decryption time. This features proved the novelty of the proposed work. The algorithm is tested by the random and pseudo-random sequence of test standard SP 8000-22 released by National Institute of Standard and Technology Commission (NIST).

Chaos Based Encryption System for Encrypting Electroencephalogram Signals

In the paper, we use the Microsoft Visual Studio Development Kit and C# programming language to implement a chaos-based electroencephalogram (EEG) encryption system involving three encryption levels. A chaos logic map, initial value, and bifurcation parameter for the map were used to generate Level I chaos-based EEG encryption bit streams. Two encryption-level parameters were added to these elements to generate Level II chaos-based EEG encryption bit streams. An additional chaotic map and chaotic address index assignment process was used to implement the Level III chaos-based EEG encryption system. Eight 16-channel EEG Vue signals were tested using the encryption system. The encryption was the most rapid and robust in the Level III system. The test yielded superior encryption results, and when the correct deciphering parameter was applied, the EEG signals were completely recovered. However, an input parameter error (e.g., a 0.00001 % initial point error) causes chaotic encryption bit streams, preventing the recovery of 16-channel EEG Vue signals.

CEET: A Compressed Encrypted & Embedded Technique for Digital Image Steganography

In this information era, digital information sharing and transfer plays a vital role and their use has increased exponentially with the development of technology. Thus providing security of data is a topic of concern. Data hiding is a powerful tool that provides mechanism for securing data over insecure channel by concealing information within information. Steganography inherits data hiding concept and passes information through host files in such a way that the existence of the embedded secret is unknown. This paper presents a joint application of compression, encryption and embedding techniques for implementing digital image steganography. Compression technique generates noise in the image. Inorder to retain the noise distortion to a minimum level, LSB insertion method is used for embedding purpose where the bits are inserted at the last 2 LSB's of the image. In this proposed technique the secret information is initially compressed and then the resultant bits are encrypted. Finally these encrypted bits are embedded into an image. The main objective is to develop an application that increases the steganographic capacity and enhances the stego image quality while keeping the security intact.

Proposal for Two Enhanced NTRU

Sound is very widely used in communication. In order to ensure secure communication a cryptographic data scheme is used. Secure sound is needed in many fields such as military, business, banking and electronic commerce. There is also an increasing demand for secured sound in network communication. Several symmetric and asymmetric algorithms are used for sound encryption. In this work, NTRU, the last in line public key cryptosystem is enhanced in two methods and used for encrypting sound files after converting the sound into text. In the proposed methods the message is encrypted one character at a time, since NTRU encrypts only prime numbers, thus 7 bits of each character is encrypted and the eighth bit is left without encryption. In method I NTRU algorithm is enhanced by adding the result obtained from calculating a mathematical equation of one variable to the message and then the resulted encrypted bit is fed-back and added to the next bit of the message in the next step; this procedure is repeated for the subsequent bits of the message. In method II NTRU algorithm is enhanced by adding the subsequent states of LFSR (Linear Feedback Shift Register) to the subsequent bytes of the message. The proposed methods are tested on several sound files; the results show that the proposed methods I and II maintain approximately the same original method encryption and decryption time while generating more complex encryption.

Analysis of QOS Parameters of AAMRP and IODMRP using SBPGP Security Model

MANET has gained popularity in various fields as in vehicles, data transmission and bulk data transmission to a large single set of nodes. To accomplish this task routing protocol employ an important role in MANET. Different types of routing protocols have been proposed for different task to be done. Most of the parameters have been considered during the establishment of routing protocols. It is concerned with the various factors such as energy efficiency, routing protocols, security and various other factors. In the current work we are going to work with multicast routing protocol (IODMR and AAMRP) with security as major aspect. Multicasting is the ability to send packets to and receive packets directed at a subset of nodes in a network. We are applying the SBPGP model with these protocol and will find out their performance under certain conditions with various malicious attacks can be handled efficiently on MANET by using different size of encryption bit keys on the basis of throughput, end-to-end delay and packet delivery fraction.

DWT and DCT based Robust Iris Feature Extraction and Recognition Algorithm for Biometric Personal Identification

iris is one of the most reliable biometric because of its uniqueness, stability and noninvasive nature. Thus it has attracted the attention of biometrics based identification and verification research and development community. In this paper, a new approach of iris image feature extraction technique based on the statistical properties of Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) domain is proposed. A Canny Edge Detection followed by Hough Transform is used to detect the iris boundaries in the eye's digital image. The two level Discrete Wavelet Transformation (DWT) is applied on the segmented and normalized iris region. Both second level horizontal and vertical detail sub-bands are used for encoding unique iris feature. Each of those frequency sub-bands is divided into 8x8 non-overlapping blocks and DCT is applied to each block. Unique iris features are obtained by comparing the energies containing in corresponding DCT blocks of both the sub-bands. These features extracted are used to generate unique encoded binary image and corresponding unique binary bit stream/code is constructed. In order to reduce the size of the database, this binary bit stream instead of binary image is stored in database for matching purpose. Further to increase the security of the system, the bit stream obtained is first encrypted using the user key obtained from user password and then the encrypted bit pattern template is stored. Experimental results on Iris Database reveal that the proposed iris matching scheme provides results comparable to those of recent methods and is also computationally effective.

CHAOS BASED PARTIAL ENCRYPTION OF SPIHT COMPRESSED IMAGES

Resource-constrained wireless IP networks require compression based encryption techniques for secure archival, transmission and distribution of multimedia data. A partial encryption technique based on SPIHT encoder is thus proposed that provides enhanced security level by encrypting selected bit values and keeping the encrypted bit locations as secret. The proposed technique preserves the scalability property of the encoder and provides high data security without adversely affecting the compression efficiency. Two new edge based parameters, edge ratio and edge differential ratio are also proposed to measure the degradation in the encrypted image. Thorough performance and security analysis as regards to various evaluation metrics ascertains its high performance and ability to withstand cryptanalytic attacks.

Dynamic data encryption system based on synchronisedchaotic systems

A novel dynamical data encryption system is presented for use in secure communication systems. In this system, the waveform for each n encrypted bits is mapped to one of 2n distinct arbitrary chaotic dynamic equations. This design method can make the encrypted system more secure. The encrypted information can be decrypted by its synchronised chaotic equation.

Joint encryption and message-efficient secure computation

This paper addresses the message complexity of secure computation in the (passive adversary) privacy setting. We show that O(nC) encrypted bits of communication suffice for n parties to evaluate any boolean circuit of size C privately, under a specific cryptographic assumption. This work establishes a connection between secure distributed computation and group-oriented cryptography, i.e., cryptographic methods in which subsets of individuals can act jointly as single agents. Our secure computation protocol relies on a new group-oriented probablistic public-key encryption scheme with useful algebraic properties.