Encouraging Positive Behaviour Research Articles

The role of emotional appeal in water conservation communication: a framework for social media engagement

Amidst growing concerns about water shortages, harnessing the potential of social media emerges as a crucial strategy in attempts to conserve consumption While informative messaging in environmental communication has been widely acknowledged, the role of emotional appeal remains underexplored. This study aims to bridge this gap by proposing a comprehensive framework that integrates emotional appeal, evoked through video creativity and multimedia effects. Focusing on the UK context and informed by the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM), the study highlights the complex interplay between cognitive and affective factors in water conservation communication. By applying Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to a dataset containing 443 responses, the analysis reveals that emotional appeal, when evoked through creativity, not only positively influences individuals’ attitudes but also extends to shape perceived behavioural control. These findings further emphasise the ability of emotional appeal to serve as a complementary aspect that enriches individuals’ motivational framework and influences their inclination towards engaging in the intended behaviour. The study has important implications for improving current marketing efforts and encouraging behavioural shifts among water consumers. By including emotional appeal in social media communication strategies, environmental communicators can build empathy and promote sustainability more effectively. Additionally, this study offers a valuable understanding of the complex nature of water conservation communication, providing practical strategies for enhancing environmental messaging and encouraging positive behaviour changes.

The shitposting scattergun approach: A multimodal analysis of the first wave COVID-19 social media messaging from UKGov

This article analyses the type and style of the UK government social media messaging during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic using multimodal and social semiotic analysis. Images improve health communication by increasing comprehension of information, enhancing recall of instructions, encouraging positive self-protective attitudes and behaviour and are beneficial to those with low health literacy skills. When done well, visual material can meaningfully improve health outcomes. UKGov’s social media during COVID-19 reveals that production of mental noise and feed flooding can affect perceptions of risk. Recognizing the impact that both visuals and social media campaigns can have in crisis communication, this article first explores the steps in creating the social communication and then analyses social media posts during the first four months of the pandemic from UKGov Facebook and Instagram accounts. This article employs a multimodal social semiotic methodology to organize, code and make sense of the often contradictory and ambiguous meanings contained in a vast trove of visual data. Ultimately, this article argues that the UKGov’s ‘scattergun’ approach to the first wave COVID-19 infographics enhanced polysemic meanings and flooded social media feeds with ‘shitposting’ philosophy, which decreased clarity of understanding and potentially impacted health literacy amongst the UK populous.

Increasing Community Nutrition Awareness through Balanced Nutrition Education Program


 Public health is a vital aspect in the development of a country. One of the key factors affecting health is balanced nutrition. Despite this, awareness of the importance of nutrition is often low in many societies, especially in developing countries. To overcome this challenge, balanced nutrition education programs have become one of the effective strategies. This program aims to increase public knowledge and awareness about the importance of balanced nutrition and encourage behavior change towards a healthier diet. Program implementation methods include identification of needs, development of appropriate educational materials, program implementation involving various related parties, periodic evaluation, and program adjustments as needed. The results of this program include increased knowledge of community nutrition, changes in healthier eating behaviors, and improved overall health and well-being of the community. The success of balanced nutrition education programs shows that this approach is effective in raising people's nutrition awareness and encouraging positive behavior change. However, sustainability and innovation development challenges still need to be addressed to achieve broader and sustainable impact in the long term. With strong commitment and cross-sector cooperation, balanced nutrition education programs have the potential to significantly improve the quality of life and welfare of the community

Social Media and Social Ills: Overcoming the Challenges in the Contemporary Era

Social media has become an integral part of modern society, offering unprecedented opportunities for communication, education, entertainment, and activism. However, social media also poses significant challenges and risks for individuals and communities, such as cyber bullying, misinformation, privacy predation, mental depression, social isolation, and addiction. Especially, this paper reviews the situations of the positive and negative effects of social media on various aspects of human well-being for the children and teens age group, such as physical and mental health, social capital, personal privacy, civic engagement, and democratic participation. It also discusses the potential strategies and interventions to overcome the challenges and enhance the benefits of social media in the contemporary era. To overcome these challenges, the article proposes solutions such as enhancing content moderation procedures, promoting digital and medical literacy and critical thinking among users, implementing transparent and accountable procedures, and fostering collaboration between platforms, policymakers, and civil society organizations. These include promoting digital literacy, fostering online civility, regulating harmful content, supporting vulnerable users, and encouraging positive online behaviors. The paper concludes by highlighting the need for more interdisciplinary and collaborative research on the complex and dynamic relationship between social media and social ills.

Tackling the tackle 2: Evaluation of referee and player behavioural change as measures of implementation of a law variation in community-level male amateur rugby union

ObjectivesTo evaluate player and referee behaviour during a lower tackle height law variation trial in community rugby union (‘rugby’). DesignProspective observational cohort study. MethodsIn a law variation trial in male amateur community rugby, coded match video surveillance data were analysed. Referee (sanctioning rate) and player (tackler body position) behaviour changes over one season (under the lowered, armpit-level maximum legal tackle height condition) were analysed in three approximately equal periods of the season. Secondarily, an independent professional referee reviewed illegal high tackle sanctioning data. ResultsOverall, 108 matches with 14,780 tackles were filmed and coded. Sanctioned illegal high tackle propensity was significantly higher in the mid-season (41 sanctioned high tackles/1000 tackle events; 95 % CI: 35–47), compared with first and last periods. Upright tacklers in tackles decreased significantly in the final vs. middle period of the season (rate ratio: 0.69; 95 % CI: 0.54–0.88; p < 0.01). Of all the coder-determined high tackles also assessed as high under the new law by the independent referee, 51 % were sanctioned by the on-field referee. ConclusionsPositive player and referee behavioural changes were observed during a lowered legal tackle height law variation in this community rugby setting. Increased mid-phase high tackle sanctioning by referees was followed by fewer tackles with upright tacklers in the subsequent (last) phase of the season. Encouraging positive behaviour changes of this nature, particularly if sustained (beyond trial study periods), may contribute to overall injury risk reduction, and hold considerable importance to inform future injury prevention strategies in rugby.

Neuropsychological Changes in Pregnant Women with Preeclampsia/Eclampsia (PE-E): Health Behavior Implications

Objectives: Preeclampsia/eclampsia (PE-E) is a significant cause of maternal morbidities and mortalities in many countries. To expand this topic, the prime aim of this study was to examine the linkage of neuropsychological changes with PE-E in pregnant women. In addition, this study also analyzed the impact of numerous health behavior on development of PE-E in pregnant women. Methods: Employing the quantitative methodology, the data was collected from 350 pregnant women from hospitals in Turkey. Results: The findings of study indicate that health behavior associated with negative psychological predictors indicate significant association with risk of PE-E in pregnant women. Accordingly, sadness, anxiety, depression, disgust and distress were found as negative and significant predictor of PE-E. In addition, the health behavior associated with positive psychological predictors like love, joy, happiness and acceptance were found positive predictor as they improved the healthcare behavior and reduced risk of PE-E in pregnant women. Conclusions: Consequently, the study indicated that pregnant women with neuropsychological distress have twice threat of development of PE-E as compared to normal pregnant women. This study has significant implications for health sector and recommends encouraging positive health behavior to avert effect of PE-E on pregnancy and birth outcomes.

Developing a System of Health Support for Young People Experiencing First-Episode Psychosis: Protocol for a Co-design Process.

People living with psychosis face a substantially increased risk of poor psychological well-being and physical health and premature mortality. Encouraging positive health behaviors from an early stage is crucial to the health and well-being of this population but is often overshadowed by symptom management within early intervention services. Experience-based co-design is a participant-centered approach that aims to combine service user narratives with service design methods to design systems of support for health and well-being. This study aims to use experience-based co-design principles to co-design a system that supports the health and well-being of young people experiencing first-episode psychosis (FEP), which considers the lived experience of these people within the context of early intervention services. We also aim to develop a set of principles to guide future systems to support the health and well-being of young people experiencing FEP. Up to 15 young people living with FEP aged 16 to 24 years who are service users of early intervention services in psychosis, their immediate support networks (family or friends), and health professionals involved with early intervention services in psychosis will be invited to participate in a series of co-design workshops. Data will be collected in various forms, including expressive forms (eg, art and spoken word) and traditional methods (interview transcription and surveys), with phenomenographic and thematic analyses being used to understand these data. Furthermore, the co-design process will draw upon indigenous (Māori) knowledge and the lived experience of mental health services from the perspectives of the members of the research team. The co-design process will be evaluated in terms of acceptability from the perspective of service users via rating scales and interviews. The study will be conducted within the Lower North Island in Aotearoa New Zealand. Data collection will be performed between August 2022 and February 2023. Drawing from extended consultations with service users and service providers, we have developed a robust co-design process with which we intend to collect rich qualitative and quantitative data. The results of this process will be used to create a system of support that can be immediately applied and as preliminary evidence for funding and resource applications to deliver and evaluate a "full" version of the co-designed system of support. The co-designed system of support and accompanying set of principles will offer a potentially impactful health and well-being intervention for young people experiencing FEP in Aotearoa New Zealand. Furthermore, making the co-design process transparent will further the field in terms of providing a blueprint for this form of participant-focused research. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN12622001323718; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=384775&isReview=true. DERR1-10.2196/44980.

Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Female Nurses: Evidence from the Nurse Urinary Related Health Study of China

Aims. To estimate the prevalence and bother of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and the work-related and individual factors associated with LUTS among a representative sample of female nurses. Background. A healthy nursing workforce is essential to advance global health goals, especially during times of extraordinary demand for nursing care. LUTS frequently occur and persist in women and are correlated with multiple negative health outcomes and diminished work engagement and productivity. However, the study of LUTS among female nurses failed to receive sufficient attention from researchers. Methods. We used baseline data for 13,191 female nurses in China collected for the prospective cohort study, the Nurse Urinary Related Health Study (NURS). We assessed nurses’ self-reported LUTS and symptom-related bother using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Female LUTS. We used descriptive statistics to summarize LUTS prevalence and its related bother and a mixed-effects logistic regression model to test the effects of work-related and individual factors on LUTS. Results. Most of the participants in this study were younger than 40 years old (82.9%), were married (74.8%), and had given birth once or never (73.7%). Few participants had chronic diseases (3.4%), consumed alcohol (7.3%), smoked (0.4%), or had overweight/obesity (27.7%). The prevalence of any LUTS was 51.1%, and over 50% of the nurses with LUTS in this study had experienced moderate or severe bother, except for urinary frequency. Working longer than five years, more than 40 hours per week, and in Level A, major tertiary hospitals were found to be risk factors of LUTS, and a nurse-to-bed ratio higher than 0.40 was found to be a protective factor. Increased fluid intake also was found to be a protective factor of LUTS in nurses, and having chronic constipation was found to be a risk factor. Conclusions. LUTS are highly prevalent and severely bothersome among female nurses in China, despite the fact that the female nurses in this study were relatively young, healthy, had few childbirths, and were living healthy lifestyles. This finding warrants remedial action that is related to both behavioral and environmental factors to ensure a healthy nursing workforce. Nurses cannot reasonably be expected to contribute to global health when one of their basic needs as humans, i.e., the normal function of urinary elimination, is ignored. Implications for Nursing Management. Nurse managers should be aware that nurses’ basic needs regarding urination are negatively affected by LUTS and related bother. Nurse managers should address LUTS-related problems on multiple levels, including overseeing and reporting LUTS in nurses, exploring innovative care models to mitigate the negative effects of excessive workloads on nurses, and remodeling the nursing culture and encouraging positive coping behaviors for the self-health of nurses.

Medical perspective of reproductive health education in Indonesian schoolbooks.

The current provision for equipping young Indonesians with a comprehensive knowledge of reproductive health is inadequate. In Indonesian primary and secondary schools, reproductive health education is integrated into various subjects, including Science, Biology, Sport, and Health Education. In this paper, we compared the accuracy of the material related to reproductive health education to scientific evidence published in medical scientific journals or medical textbooks. Even though the schoolbooks were used in Indonesia's 2006 minimum standard requirements of subject matter (KTSP) curriculum, we found much inaccurate information that is not based on the scientific literature and unnecessarily detailed information on therapy and technology. Schoolbooks should emphasize promoting a healthy lifestyle, preventing high-risk sexual behaviors, encouraging openness and discussion about reproductive health in the family, improving self-confidence to refuse and avoid sexual harassment, encouraging positive sexual behaviors, and increasing awareness for treatment-seeking behavior.

Power, Trust and Transparency as Determinant Factors of Tax Compliance: A Systematic Review

This systematic review emphasizes the importance of expanding and deepening the theoretical framework of research on individual taxpayer compliance, particularly through integrated models. The main objective of this article is to systematically review the literature on tax compliance based on three determinants: coercive power, trust in tax authorities and transparency; and provide a direction for future research. There are three review questions in this paper, namely: (1) What is the present situation of the literature on the connection between coercive power and tax compliance; (2) What is the present situation of the literature on the connection between trust in tax authorities and tax compliance; (3) What is the present situation of the literature on the connection between “relationship transparency” and tax compliance. A systematic review of the literature was used to perform this review, considering 66 studies published in several suggested databases. The results are a call for a more sophisticated understanding of not only how suggested factors (Coercive Power; Trust; Transparency) affect tax compliance, but also how they interact and change each other and then, influence tax compliance. This review implies that enhancing tax service, transparency, and government trust is more successful and relatively easier to proceed than encouraging positive behaviour among taxpayers. This review is the first to systematically analyse the literature on tax compliance based on three determinants (coercive power, trust and transparency), as found, no synthesis studies have comprehensively covered the issue. This results in unique, motivating, and relevant discoveries that may be used to direct future studies and serve as a tool for academics, practitioners, and policymakers. Furthermore, this study would aid governments and tax authorities to understand the motives and perceptions of taxpayers into taxes.

Uloga književnoumetničkog teksta u razvoju vrednosnih kriterijuma kod učenika mlađeg školskog uzrasta

Fundamental human values such as tolerance, respect for diversity, mutual help, generosity, honesty, kindness, trust, and fairness are highly moral values that can be encouraged among younger primary school students through the implementation of literary and artistic content in literature classes. Introducing students to the value categories and their acceptance can greatly contribute to preventing potential problems and inadequate behavior of children in communication with their peers and parents. Using a method of content analysis, the present paper considers some ways of encouraging the development of value criteria through the use of both curricular and extracurricular literary texts in Serbian language and literature classes in younger primary schools. The sample comprised 25 literary texts, 8 of which are taken from the Serbian Reader for the 3 rd grade and 17 texts are taken from the Serbian Reader for the 4th grade. The results indicate that the analyzed texts encourage the development of various value criteria among younger primary school children, the most frequently represented being honesty, tolerance, and respect for diversity. In addition, the paper represents a small contribution to the promotion of value criteria in the curricula and study programs, with the aim of more effectively eliminating negative forms of behavior and encouraging positive behavior among children.

„Það var eitthvað meira þarna“: Mat á námi með áherslu á vellíðan barna

Mat á námi og vellíðan barna er hluti af starfi leikskóla samkvæmt Aðalnámskrá leikskóla 2011. Hér verður greint frá rannsókn sem gerð var með sex starfsmönnum eins leikskóla á Íslandi og er hluti af samstarfsrannsókn (e. collaborative action research) sem unnin var í samstarfi RannUng (Rannsóknarstofu í menntunarfræði ungra barna) og fimm leikskóla á Stór-Reykjavíkursvæðinu. Í upphafi auglýsti RannUng eftir þátttakendum sem hefðu hug á að vinna að þróun mats í leikskólum. Í þeim leikskóla sem hér er fjallað um voru þátttakendur aðstoðarleikskólastjóri ásamt tveimur leikskólakennurum og þremur leiðbeinendum á einni leikskóladeild með 24 börnum sem flest voru þriggja ára í upphafi vetrar. Rannsóknin stóð yfir frá september 2016 til maí 2017. Markmið rannsóknarinnar var að starfsfólk ígrundaði eigin starfshætti og þróaði aðferðir við mat á námi og vellíðan barna. Rannsóknargögn byggja á viðtölum og athugunum sem greind voru í þeim tilgangi að sýna ferli framkvæmdarinnar og stöðu þess mats sem fram fór á deildinni. Niðurstöður benda til þess að mat á námi og vellíðan barnanna hafi í upphafi vetrar fyrst og fremst farið fram í samræðum starfsfólks, sem taldi að skráning væri ekki næg í leikskólastarfinu. Það sem metið var í upphafi vetrar tengdist hljóðvitund, málþroska, félagshæfni, hegðun og almennum þroska. Mat þetta fór fram fyrir foreldraviðtöl og í sérstökum tilvikum. Hugmyndir starfsfólks um mat á námi og líðan breyttust yfir veturinn. Starfsfólk fór að fylgjast betur með líðan barna í stað hegðunar þeirra. Þróaðar voru námssögur og var staða barnanna og geta greind og ígrunduð út frá námssögunum. Skráning námssagna reyndist falla vel að því mati sem þegar var framkvæmt á deildinni. Fagvitund leikskólakennaranna skerptist í ferlinu og þeim fannst þeir geta virkjað það sem þeir höfðu áður lært og reynt um börn, áhuga þeirra og líðan. Leiðbeinendurnir töldu sig hafa lært mikið af þátttöku í rannsókninni og þróað faglegri starfshætti, ásamt því að ígrundun um börnin og athafnir þeirra varð þeim tamari. Þátttakendur juku vitund sína um líðan barna og stöðu þeirra innan barnahópsins. Þeir tóku betur eftir börnum sem voru utanveltu í barnahópnum. Samstarfsrannsóknin jók fagvitund jafnt leikskólakennara sem leiðbeinenda, þó kom fram í viðtölum að lærdómur þeirra síðarnefndu virtist enn meiri. Þátttakan í rannsókninni dró athygli þeirra að börnunum, námi þeirra og líðan og gerði þeim kleift að mæta börnunum með því að lesa í tjáningu þeirra. Með þessu móti veittu námssöguskráningarnar þeim nýja innsýn í heim barnanna.

Механізми звільнення корпорацій від кримінальної відповідальності за порушення антимонопольного законодавства: порівняльно-правовий аспект

The purpose of the publication is to critically study the American law enforcement experience in terms of exempting corporations from criminal liability for violating US antitrust laws and to formulate relevant conclusions aimed at improving the domestic model of criminal law measures against legal entities. Methodology. The article uses the following scientific in an integrated mode: terminological, system-structural, formal-logical, comparative-legal. Scientific novelty. According to the results of a comparative analysis of the mechanisms of exemption of legal entities (corporations) from criminal liability for their violations of national antitrust law in the United States, it is determined that such grounds (conditionally effective remorse by a legal entity) are not provided in domestic criminal law; the author&rsquo;s position is expressed that during the draft law work on section XIV-1 of the Criminal Code it is necessary to critically use the experience of the USA in the researched field. Conclusions. Section XIV-1 &ldquo;Measures of a criminal nature of legal entities&rdquo; of the General Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine does not address the issue of encouraging positive postcriminal behavior of legal entities. Only Art. 96-5 &ldquo;Grounds for exemption of a legal entity from the application of measures of a criminal nature&rdquo; of the mentioned section addresses such grounds for exemption as the expiration of the statute of limitations for the application of measures of a criminal nature to a legal entity. At the same time, it is difficult to call this norm perfect because of its individual shortcomings and a certain &ldquo;isolation&rdquo; of legislative regulation. During the draft law work on the formal and substantive improvement of Section XIV-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, certain elements of American practice should be more carefully elaborated and used in terms of the application of alternative mechanisms to criminal prosecution of organizations

Public perception and attitudes to disaster risks in a coastal metropolis of Saudi Arabia

Disaster risk reduction is an increasingly important policy issue, especially in developing countries that suffer most of the global human and economic losses associated with disasters. Indeed, public awareness and attitudes can help in disaster risk reduction and management efforts toward reducing mortality and economic losses. In Saudi Arabia, many cities have been recently experiencing incidences of disasters, such as floods, disease epidemics, and sandstorms. However, studies on public perception of disaster risk in the country are few and nascent. Therefore, based on a questionnaire survey (n = 683), this paper explores public perception and attitudes to disaster risks in Dammam, a coastal metropolis in Saudi Arabia. The findings indicate that although almost two-thirds (64.7%) of the participants are aware of disasters, and 81% are concerned about disaster risks, less than half (47.3%) believe that their settlements could be at risk. While 37% opine that disasters are caused by both natural factors and human activities, about half (54%) indicate that they can personally contribute to reducing disaster risks. Chi-square analysis indicates a significant positive relationship between place of residence and perception of disaster risks (χ2 (6) = 56.18, p < 0.05), and between place of residence and concern about disaster risks (χ2 (12) = 68.47, p < 0.05). The paper recommends raising public awareness and encouraging positive behaviors in reducing disaster risks in the study area and similar environments.

Preconception counselling

A woman’s health in the preconception period is important to ensure a healthy pregnancy and to support the wellbeing of her child. Encouraging positive behaviour change can help to establish a balanced lifestyle for a woman and her family. The first half of this article will cover the initial assessment and general advice that applies to all women who are planning a pregnancy. The second half will explore the preconceptual management of long-term health conditions, and will describe the relevance of genetic risk assessment in pre-pregnancy counselling.

A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Role of Enthusiasm About Exergames: Players' Perceptions of Exercise.

Objective: Exergames are popular technology applications that encourage individuals to engage in exercise and create positive moods for players. However, little is known as to whether playing exergames makes players perceive to be more energetic and relaxed and whether enthusiasm about doing exercise moderates such perceptions. To answer these questions, we use the Flow Theory and the Self-Determination Theory to develop the hypotheses. Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled trial, which randomly assigned 337 participants to an intervention group and a control group. We asked the participants in the intervention group to play exergames for 2 weeks. We measured enthusiasm about doing exercise by asking the participants to evaluate themselves as having enthusiasm on doing exercise or not. We measured participants' perceptions of happiness, perceived energy (the perception of sufficient physical and mental resources), and relaxation before and after the 2-week exergame playing, generating scores to represent their changes. Results: We found that playing exergames induces positive changes in happiness, perceived energy, and relaxation. Such changes were significant for participants who are enthusiastic about doing exercise, but not for those who are unenthusiastic about doing exercise. Conclusion: This study was the first using the Flow Theory and the Self-Determination Theory to examine the impact of playing exergames on players' perceptions and to identify the moderator role of enthusiasm about doing exercise. These positive impacts of exergames can be used in rehabilitation settings in encouraging positive attitudes and behaviors toward exercise.

Influences of Tobacco-Related Knowledge on Awareness and Behavior towards Smoking.

BackgroundA considerable amount of research has shown that knowledge and appropriate awareness are essential for encouraging positive behaviors and promoting health. In Korea, the roles that behavioral changes play in the prevention of cancer have been an important issue since the introduction of the 10 codes for cancer prevention in 2006. Thus, the present study investigated the associations of tobacco-related knowledge with awareness and attitudes towards positive smoking-cessation behaviors.MethodsThe present study analyzed data from the 2010 national questionnaire survey (n = 1,006). This study evaluated sociodemographic characteristics, smoking status, self-rated health status, health-related interests, and the accuracy of 12 tobacco-related statements to determine knowledge level and to investigate its impact on awareness and behaviors related to smoking. These parameters were examined and staged using the Precaution Adoption Process Model.ResultsA higher level of tobacco-related knowledge was significantly associated with a positive attitude towards smoking cessation (5–8 correct answers: odds ratio [OR], 2.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.57–4.08; ≥ 9 correct answers: OR, 3.90; 95% CI, 2.22–6.82; reference: ≤ 4 correct answers). Interestingly, among current smokers, only those who correctly responded to ≥ 9 of 12 tobacco-related statements were significantly associated with a positive attitude towards smoking cessation.ConclusionThis study found that having a higher level of tobacco-related knowledge had a significant impact on positive attitudes towards smoking cessation. This suggests that there is a need to disseminate appropriate knowledge to the general population to encourage positive attitudes and promote healthful behaviors in terms of smoking.

Mobile Delivery of Health Information for People with Mild Cognitive Impairment.

The design of a smartphone application (app) for promoting healthy lifestyle choices has been investigated for people with mild cognitive impairment. The app was designed to provide health-related messages and assist users to keep track of activities such as walking, eating and drinking water. A reward scheme with gold, silver and bronze awards was incorporated as a means of assisting user motivation. Responses to the app and user feedback were gathered for purposes of evaluation and improvement. Outcomes indicate that the approach has some potential and could have good implications for encouraging positive health-related behaviour change in this population, hence prompting further investigation and development of the concept.

Evaluation of the COPING parent online universal programme: study protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial

Trial sponsorBangor University, Brigantia Building, College Road, Bangor, LL57 2AS, UKIntroductionThe COPING parent online universal programme is a web-based parenting intervention for parents of children aged 3-8 years with an...

Prediction of Psychological Welfare Based on Defensive Mechanisms and Coping Strategies in People with Positive HIV

AIDS, in the last century the main threat to the health of people worldwide. In fact, after seeing the first cases of HIV in 1981, Discuss the mechanism of action to identify, control and treat it with the speed of the American Medical community in Los Angeles and then spread to other parts of the world. But the pace of HIV, most of their efforts so that to this day, according to the World Health Organization, Every minute, 6 people in the world due to HBV infection, lose their lives (Owen, 1999). The ability to manipulate the deadly nature of this disease is very high, runaway prevalence in all countries, and therefore very heavy losses, Has made in a decade, all the countries in coordination with international organizations unite against this disease even in 2000, the UN Security Council to meet to assess the situation (Hubble, 2003). It is believed that AIDS and HIV infection cause a huge psychological and social pressures for the individual patient, the family, especially their wives and professionals and health care providers these people. This is for the person with psychological and social pressures for such reactions: disbelief, denial, anger, irritability, anxiety and apprehension, fear and depression, Suicidal thoughts, poor health, social isolation and complain, behaviors, frustration, low self-esteem and cognitive deficits (by engaging the central nervous system infections caused by the disease) occur. This shows that the quality of life in people with HIV is low (Arenda, 2004). Suicidal thoughts, poor health, social isolation and complain, frustration, low self-esteem and cognitive deficits (by engaging the central nervous system infections caused by the disease) occur. This shows that the quality of life in people with HIV is low (Arenda, 2004). Curtis (2000) suggests that psychological factors may affect the vulnerability of a person for HIV positive. The role of psychological factors and interventions by encouraging healthy positive beliefs and behaviors may improve quality of life, reduce stress and overall psychological well-being and help people with knowledge of the matter (according to the Pirasteh, Motlagh, & Nikmanesh, 2012). The present study tried to predict psychological well-being, according to defense mechanisms and coping strategies in HIV positive people. Seems to be addressing the issue of HIV-positive people and identify the factors affecting their psychological well-being able to achieve the necessary information And for proper planning and provision of services tailored to the needs of these people in order to improve their psychological well-being, As well as individual awareness of the consequences of the disease and preventive programs by the scientific and medical communities due to its increasing prevalence, including the necessity of using this research. Of course, if HIV is detected predictors of psychological well-being of individuals becomes the easier way to deal with problems arising from it. Therefore, identifying factors that can be psychological well-being of people with hiv predict, In prevention, treatment and care interventions should be considered. This research can help people with AIDS face many problems in dealing with the disease, to be used.Statistical societyHIV+population consisted of all patients with psychological counseling center in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in the year 1393 is. Inclusion criteria include: developing HIV + diagnosis treatment center in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, crossing more than three months from the knowledge of a person from getting HIV +, at least elementary education.MethodThe study was descriptive and correlational.ParticipantsSampling method is purposive sampling total of 100 HIV + patients, who come to the University Psychological Counseling Center, were selected.InstrumentsStudy, three questionnaires were used to collect information that include:Psychological well-being questionnaire: Psychological well-being questionnaire by Reef (1995) University of Wisconsin Medical Science Center was built in 2002, was revised. …