Empty Tank Research Articles

Numerical simulation of intact stability analysis of a catamaran vessel

This research work shows the intact stability analysis of a passenger catamaran vessel considering their different load cases: Fully loaded ship to maximum free-board draught; lightship with full tanks; and lightship with no passengers, crew, and empty tanks. The MAXSURF package as the Naval Architecture tool was selected to model the catamaran hull form design using the MAXSURF modeler and the MAXSURF stability was employed to carry out the stability analysis. The stability analysis was conducted using the intact stability criteria of IMO. The stability assessment was performed to verify whether the vessel's stability complies with international standards. A numerical method (Simpson’s rules) was employed in evaluating the area under the GZ curves within the range: 0º - 30º; 0º - 40º; 30º - 40º. The maximum heeling moment was calculated as 954.48 tons-m for load case 1; 755.36 tons-m for load case 2; 671.58 tons-m for load case 3 and the range of stability for all three load cases was justified well. It was concluded that the Catamaran at full load (Load case 1) is more stable with a maximum heeling moment of 954.48 tons-m as compared to Load cases 2 and 3

The effect of frame bracing and filling percent on the natural frequency of an elevated concrete tank

Liquid storage tanks are structures of high importance which are considered as main lifeline elements in modern life. In this work an empty elevated tank made from concrete supported on concrete frame consisting of four stories had been studied for free vibration analysis. Cross bracing is added to the supporting frame on it's four sides in order to study it's effect on the values of natural frequencies. The results were different between increment and decrement in the values of natural frequencies according to the location of the bracing and the number of mode, also, filling percent had been studied to know it’s effect on natural frequency

Dynamic Response and Damage Analysis of a Large Steel Tank Impacted by an Explosive Fragment

Abstract The fragments generated by explosions of storage tanks in chemical industrial parks may cause perforations or dents in adjacent tanks and trigger a domino effect. This paper determined reasonable fragment parameters based on the statistical laws of accidents and empirical formulas. The dynamic response process of large steel tanks impacted by fragments was simulated with ls-dyna. The typical impact process and results were analyzed in detail, and the damage laws of the tanks were discussed under various filling coefficients, volumes, fragment velocities, and impact angles. The results indicate that the inertial resistance of the inner liquid shortens the impact duration. Multiple collisions occur between the fragment and tank during impact, and the impact process involves three stages: initial collision, crushing and collision, and separation flight. The impact center displacement shows a fast and then slow reduction trend as the liquid level height increases, and the damage to the tank is negatively correlated with the liquid level height. The damage is lower when the tank volume is larger in an empty tank or at a high liquid level, while the damage instead increases when the volume exceeds 5000 m3 at a low liquid level. The peak impact force of the end-cap fragment is greatest when frontal impact occurs. Fragment flipping and curling occur at 45 deg and 90 deg impact, respectively. As the vertical impact angle increases from 0 deg to 90 deg, the fragment impact mode changes from initial frontal impact to flip detachment and finally to curling deformation.

Seismic Response Analysis of Underground Large Liquefied Natural Gas Tanks Considering the Fluid–Structure–Soil Interaction

The seismic response of underground liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage tanks has been a significant focus in both academic and engineering circles. This study utilized Ansys (2021R1) to conduct seismic analyses of large-capacity LNG tanks, considering the fluid–structure–soil coupling interaction (FSSI), and it was solved using the Volume of Fluid model (VOF) and Finite Element Method (FEM). The mechanical properties of both the LNG tank structure and soil were simulated using solid elements, and seismic acceleration loads were applied. An analysis of liquefied natural gas was performed using fluid elements within FLUENT. Initially, a modal analysis of the tank was conducted, which revealed lower frequencies for a full-liquid tank (3.193 Hz) compared to an empty tank (3.714 Hz). Subsequently, the seismic responses of both the aboveground and underground LNG tank structures were separately simulated, comparing the acceleration, stress, and displacement of the tank wall structures. The findings indicate that the peak relative displacement of the aboveground empty tank wall is 122 mm, less than that of a full tank (136 mm), while the opposite holds true for underground tanks. The period and wave height of LNG liquid shaking in underground tanks are lower than those in aboveground tanks, which is more conducive to tank safety. The deformation and acceleration of underground tanks are lower than those of aboveground tanks, but the Mises stress is higher. The results indicate that underground LNG tank structures are safer under earthquake conditions.

Accelerated Ballast Tank Corrosion Simulation Protocols: A Critical Assessment.

In the realm of accelerated testing within controlled laboratory settings, the fidelity of the service environment assumes paramount importance. It is imperative to replicate real-world conditions while compressing the testing duration to facilitate early evaluations, thereby optimizing time and cost efficiencies. Traditional immersion protocols, reflective solely of full ballast tank conditions, inadequately expedite the corrosion process representative of an average ballast tank environment. Through the integration of immersion with fog/dry conditions, aligning the test protocol more closely with the internal conditions of an average ballast tank, heightened rates of general corrosion are achieved. This augmentation yields an acceleration factor of 7.82 times the standard test duration, under the assumption of a general corrosion rate of 0.4 mm/year for uncoated ballast tank steel, with both sides exposed. Subsequently, the fog/dry test protocol, albeit only resembling the environment of an empty ballast tank, closely trails in terms of acceleration efficacy. The fog/dry test protocol offers cost-effectiveness and replicability compared to the AMACORT CIFD-01 protocol, making it a strong competitor despite the relatively close acceleration factor.

Experiment-supported survey of inefficient electrolyte mixing and capacity loss in vanadium flow battery tanks

This study investigates the impact of electrolyte mixing inside the tanks of Vanadium Flow Battery (VFB) on capacity degradation. Heterogeneous mixing inside the tanks may lead to a severe capacity drop due to the existence of stagnant electrolyte regions and asymmetries in the State of Charge (SoC) of the positive and negative electrolytes reaching the cell. The study is based on a preliminary order-of-magnitude analysis involving the dimensionless Richardson and Reynolds numbers. A subsequent experimental campaign is carried out in which cell voltage and current response are screened for different tank designs and operating conditions to identify different fluid-dynamics events in the tanks. The results highlight the two main competing phenomena affecting the electrolyte fluid dynamics: buoyancy effects induced by density variations, and the inertia of the inlet submerged jet. The interplay between these two forces determines the flow field and therefore the SoC of the electrolyte feed to the cell, which affects the usable capacity and battery performance. Inertia dominated flows induce homogeneous electrolyte mixing, leading to a higher usable capacity, whereas buoyancy dominated flows result in a lower one. Furthermore, various inner structures were tested within the tanks to optimize mixing. These structures were created using additive manufacturing techniques. The implementation of helicoidal geometries within the tanks, promoting longer electrolyte paths and ample cross-sectional areas for convective mixing, markedly enhanced battery capacity compared to traditional empty tanks. These findings call for further investigation into optimizing the geometry of large-scale (VFB) storage tanks.

Numerical simulation of the hydrogen charging process in an adsorption storage tank

Adsorption storage utilizing activated carbon is acknowledged as a promising approach for hydrogen storage duo to its high efficiency. This study compares the activated carbon adsorption storage method with the conventional empty tank storage approach. Finite element simulation is conducted to analyze the hydrogen charging process. Results reveal that under conditions with an initial temperature of 281 K and a storage pressure of 50 MPa, the adsorption tank exhibits a higher system volumetric capacity compared to the empty tank, with an increase of 12.6%. Furthermore, the influence of activated carbon's macroporosity and adsorption performance on storage capacity is investigated. It is indicated that increasing macroporosity effectively enhances storage capacity. Additionally, a comparison between the hydrogen storage performance of AX-21 activated carbon and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) highlights the significant impact of adsorption performance of the adsorbent materials on the storage capacity and temperature distribution.

Design of an Overhead Water Tank as a Passive Tuned Damper Using an Innovative Support System Adaptive to Liquid Depth Fluctuation in the Tank

Difficulty in maintaining tuning due to water depth fluctuation makes overhead water tanks (OWTs) ineffective as tuned liquid or mass dampers. Recently, a semi-active damper involving OWT, that varies the stiffness of the tank-supporting columns with liquid depth variation to maintain the impulsive frequency of the tank constant at a value required for tuning, has been proposed. In this paper, the concept is extended to develop a passive tuned damper involving the OWT (PTD-OWT), which is more reliable, cost-effective, and has a simpler configuration than its semi-active counterpart but achieves the same objective as the latter. For the PTD-OWT, a novel mechanism involving a spring-supported platform, a rigid frame, and tank-supporting columns is developed. The working principle and mathematical model of the PTD-OWT are presented followed by an illustrative design example considering the host building undergoing base excitation. The results revealed that the PTD-OWT remains tuned and thereby performs consistently despite wide variations in water depth in the tank. Significant reductions have been achieved by the PTD-OWT in peak and root-mean-square displacement and acceleration responses of the structure for a variation in liquid depth between 100% full tank to empty tank condition, with the maximum fall in control achieved as only 6.8%. A comparison of PTD-OWT is made with the case when the tank is designed as a conventional passive tuned mass damper (TMD) without the provision for maintaining tuning. The conventional mass damper suffers significant performance degradation as liquid depth fluctuates in the tank.

Comparison of Empty and Oil-Filled Transformer Tank Mode Shapes Using Experimental and FEM Modal Analysis

In this paper, the mode shapes of an empty and oil-filled transformer experimental model tank are obtained using 3D finite element method (FEM) modal analysis. For verification of the FEM analysis results, experimental modal analysis (EMA) is carried out in both cases using appropriate impact hammers and accelerometers. Simulated and measured results are visualized and compared for mode shapes in a frequency range of interest for both empty and oil-filled tanks. In order to avoid overly stiff FEM models of transformer tanks, the welded joint modeling technique is presented and analyzed in detail. For an oil-filled tank, the most accurate results are calculated in the model where the welded joint is modeled as half the tank wall’s thickness. In that case, the mean absolute error for the given ten-mode shapes is 1.7 Hz. Also, mesh sensitivity analysis is performed. It is concluded that a 10 mm maximum element size is an optimal solid (3D) mesh. However, shell mesh can be used to reduce computing requirements.

Explosion damage effects of aviation kerosene storage tank under strong ignition

In order to study the blast damage effects of aviation kerosene storage tanks, the out-field explosion experiments of 8 m³ fixed-roof tanks were carried out. The fragments, shock wave and fireball thermal radiation of the tank in the presence of bottom oil, half oil and full oil, as well as empty tank, were investigated under internal explosion by various TNT charge contents (1.8 kg, 3.5 kg and 6.2 kg). The results showed that the tank roof was the only fragment produced, and the damage forms could be divided into three types. The increase of TNT charge content and oil volume enlarged the deformation of the tank, while the hole ratio presented a trend of increase first and then decrease. The Hr, max and Vmax values positively increased as increasing the TNT charge content and oil volume (from empty to half oil), but decreased in full oil. The Pmax values had a progressive increase with the increment of TNT charge content, but not the case with the increase in oil volumes. The development of fireball was divided into three stages: tank roof ‘towed’ flame, jet flow flame tumbling and rising, and jet flow flame extinguishing. The Dmax and Hf, max values both increased as increasing TNT charge content and oil volumes. The oscillation phenomenon of fireball temperature was observed in the cooling process. The average temperature of fireball surface was positively correlated with TNT charge content, and negatively correlated with oil volumes.

Experimental investigation of liquid-tank interaction effects on full containment LNG storage tanks through shaking table tests

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage tanks play a crucial role as primary storage facilities in modern gas supply systems. This study investigates the seismic response of full containment LNG storage tanks through shaking table tests. A 1/14 scale model structure is meticulously constructed and subjected to testing. The test comprises two distinct phases: an empty tank phase and a water-filled tank phase. The primary emphasis of this paper is the exploration of the effects of liquid–tank interaction. A novel no-contact binocular video synchronization measurement system is developed by utilizing high-speed cameras to accurately measure the liquid sloshing height. The seismic responses of both the liquid and the tank, including acceleration and hydrodynamic pressure, are meticulously measured and analyzed. Findings reveal that the filling fluid has a significant effect on the tank, particularly the steel inner tank. The liquid sloshing phenomenon influences the hydrodynamic pressures, with the magnitude of influence decreasing as the liquid depth increases. In addition, a comparison is conducted between the experimental liquid sloshing height and hydrodynamic pressure results and those obtained from liquid linear forced sloshing theory. Liquid linear forced sloshing theory fails to accurately predict liquid sloshing height for large-amplitude sloshing but provides a rough estimate of hydrodynamic pressure distribution on the tank wall. Two simplified mechanical models for liquid sloshing are proposed and compared with the experimental results. The outcomes demonstrate that the Housner method exhibits relatively large errors, while the simplified mechanical models based on liquid linear forced sloshing theory accurately describe cases with small-amplitude liquid sloshing.

Numerical simulation of bionic fish group movement in a land-based aquaculture tank

The previous researches on hydrodynamics in aquaculture tanks are mainly on the basis of empty tanks, but the movement of fish group has a significant impact on the hydrodynamics in the tank. In this study, a numerical model coupling the fish group and flow field in the tank was established based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD), simulating the fluctuation motion of fish group in the circular tank and square arc angle tank. The accuracy of this numerical simulation method was verified through a physical model experimental system. The hydrodynamics in two fish-free tanks (control group) and 14 cases under the influence of fish groups with different tail beat frequencies (TBF) were obtained and analyzed. The results indicate that the average velocity in the circular tank is always higher than that in the square arc angle tank, while the flow field uniformity coefficient (UC50) of the circular tank is lower than that in the square arc angle tank except for cases of fish-free tank and tank with TBF = 3 Hz. Additionally, the circulation characteristics in the circular tank are always regular, but that in the square arc angle tank is not regular until TBF ≥ 2.5 Hz. Compared with fish-free circular tank, the presence of a school of fish in the tank significantly reduces the average velocity and UC50 which are improved with the increase of TBF. In the square arc angle tank, the average velocity first decreases slowly and then increases rapidly, and UC50 slowly increases and finally converges to 0.7. This study provides a numerical approach to simulate the movement of fish groups in the aquaculture tank, which can potentially promote fish kinematics research in the tank.

Techno-economic analysis of a new thermal storage operation strategy for a solar aided liquid air energy storage system

The SA-LAES system is an economical and efficient energy storage solution that combines solar energy with LAES. However, the inherent instability of solar energy can result in uncertainty regarding heat storage, thereby compromising the stability of the energy storage system. The development of more economical, efficient, and stable strategies for the SA-LAES system represents a challenging task. The present study puts forward a novel thermal storage operation scheme (Strategy 2) for SA-LAES systems integrated with electric heating during valley periods, thereby achieving long-term stable operation of the energy storage system via the alternating utilization of two full molten salt tanks and one empty molten salt tank. Theoretical and case studies are conducted based on thermodynamic and economical technical indicators, and detailed comparisons are made with the traditional strategy (Strategy 1) of only changing the solar multiple and capacity. The results show the exergy destruction of Strategy 1 mainly occurs in air turbines under off-design operating conditions. The exergy destruction of Strategy 2 is mainly in the electric heater part. The single-day analysis found that the new strategy has a more significant advantage in terms of exergy efficiency than Strategy 1 when the direct normal irradiance (DNI) is below 650 W/m2. In the case study, the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) values for Nanning, Beijing, and Hami regions in Strategy 2 are 0.118 $/kWh, 0.077 $/kWh, and 0.062 $/kWh, respectively. The LCOE values of Strategy 2 are decreased by 10.97 %, 27.49 %, and 3.40 % compared to Strategy 1, respectively. The payback periods for investments in the Beijing and Hami regions have decreased by 67.63 % and 16.41 %, respectively. The research presented in this article provides an economical, efficient, and stable operating strategy for thermal storage in the SA-LAES system.

Experimental study of coupling between the burning behaviors of fuel storage tanks and thin fuel pools

Fires frequently result from fuel spills from burning storage tanks and can represent serious hazards. Previous studies have focused primarily on stand-alone pool or storage tank fires. In contrast, this work investigated storage tank fires combined with thin pool fires, focusing on a tank burning together with a pool, an empty tank in a burning pool and a stand-alone pool fire. The fuel pools are thin to be 4, 6, 8, 12, 16 and 20 mm. An emphasis was put on investigating coupled burning between the tank and pool by analyzing flame images, regression rates and heat transfer. A burning storage tank within a pool fire was found to exhibit an abrupt temperature increase of the heated fuel together with an initial increase in the regression rate in the tank followed by rapid stabilization. Following this, the rate greatly increased because of the surrounding pool fire, then decreased gradually but without achieving a quasi-steady state. Compared with a fuel tank in a pool fire, both an empty tank in a pool fire and a stand-alone pool fire showed higher pool regression rates. The results of this study enrich pool fire knowledge and will assist in developing practical fire preventions.

Effect of Depth of Water and Container Diameter in Seismic Analysis of R. C. Elevated Circular Water Tank

Safety of water tanks is very important as they are very important life living structures. Tanks shall always be functional for the access to drinking purpose as well as for the requirement of fire fighting in the area of occurrence of earthquake. The study focus on analysis of RC water tank of circular shape in accordance with IS 1893 (Part-2):2014. The analysis of tank is carried out for zones II, III, IV and V and Rocky or Hard Soil, Medium Stiff Soil and Soft Soil conditions in accordance to Indian standard. Further three different depth of water with constant diameter ratios with tank full, half-filled and tank empty condition are considered for analysis. From the analysis, it is found that tank design is governed in full tank condition. Values of seismic horizontal design coefficient in impulsive mode (Ahi) are less than those for convective mode (Ahc), for full tank condition. This is due to lower values of time period in impulsive mode. For the same soil condition, values of Ahi and Ahc increases for higher seismic zone. The values of highest shear and moment at bottom of container are found to be governing in full tank condition as compared with half-filled and empty tank condition.

Examining the health and wellbeing of women sanitation workers in Ghana and Kenya

About 3.6 billion people worldwide lack access to safely managed sanitation service. To bridge service gaps, informal sanitation businesses have emerged as alternative service providers to meet the sanitation needs of unserved populations. Informal sanitation workers include persons who empty septic tanks, clean toilets, sewers, and manage public toilets. They provide a fundamental public service particularly in areas where access to municipal sanitation service is limited. Through qualitative methodologies, this paper explores the lived experiences and associated health risks of women working in the informal sanitation sector in urban Ghana and Kenya. Our findings show that female informal sanitation workers were exposed to injuries and infections, stigma and discrimination, emotional and psychological distress, sexual harassment, and unhealthy coping strategies. Distinctively, younger female participants were more likely to experience sexual harassment. Because of social stigma, many of the women developed unsafe work practices such as refusal to wear PPE and working at night. By paying close attention to the embodied effects of informal sanitation work, we can better comprehend the daily politics, lived experiences, and urban social infrastructure regimes that have a significant impact on the quality of life of informal sanitation workers. The results are also crucial for developing programs for women's empowerment and labour and social protection policies, especially in lowincome settings where gender norms interact with income disparities and other sociopolitical issues to affect women's participation in the labor market.

Mirror, mirror on the wall… How tank material and the presence of “enrichments” affect competition and agonism in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Despite generations of rearing in a laboratory environment, zebrafish (Danio rerio) retain innate preferences for environmental features that mimic their natural habitat (e.g. plants and gravel), but the effects of such preferred housing conditions on agonism are poorly understood. In this study, we worked with > 450 fish in 41 tanks to test two competing hypotheses about body size variation within shoals (a possible proxy for dominance hierarchy strength) and agonistic behaviour: A) the provision of preferred resources increases agonism (relative to levels in empty, barren tanks), possibly due to resource guarding behaviour, and B) barren housing conditions increase agonism (relative to levels in tanks containing preferred resources), possibly because subordinates are less able to hide from dominant fish. In Experiment 1, groups of 11–13 fish were housed for ∼ 1 year in 7 tanks in each of 3 treatments: empty lab-typical tanks, larger empty plastic tanks, and larger “well-resourced” plastic tanks containing preferred resources (gravel and artificial plants). Similarly, in Experiment 2, groups were housed in 5 tanks in each of 4 cross-factored treatments: empty glass aquaria, empty plastic tanks, well-resourced glass aquaria, and well-resourced plastic tanks. Live observations of agonistic behaviours and measures of body size variation (coefficient of variation for standard length and condition factor) were compared between treatments (using GLMs). In Experiment 1, empty lab-typical tanks exhibited significantly more agonistic behaviours than the other two treatment groups, which were not significantly different from each other. In Experiment 2, we found a significant interactive effect of housing treatment and tank material on agonism, where agonistic behaviours occurred most often in empty glass aquaria, possibly due to mirror-like reflections on glass walls. We therefore suggest that reflective surfaces in zebrafish housing systems should be minimized or visually disruptive resources like plants should be added to reduce agonism. Together both experiments also indicate that we need not be hesitant about adding preferred resources to captive zebrafishes’ housing environments, since they likely do not exacerbate agonism (and indeed may even reduce it). We also found two unexpected results: in Experiment 1, shoals exhibiting increased agonism had significantly lower coefficients of variation in standard length and in Experiment 2, fish in barren tanks grew significantly longer than those housed with preferred resources. Possible growth-related hypotheses are discussed and we suggest that high coefficients of variation in body size should not be used to infer high levels of agonism in zebrafish shoals.

Effects of the soil–structure interaction and seismic vertical component on the response of a concrete surge tank

The seismic safety of hydroelectric power plants is of high concern in earthquake-prone regions. Of specific interest to this paper is the seismic performance assessment of a critical item of a typical plant, which is represented by the surge tank, via dynamic analyses both using rigorous and complex models, and both recurring to different assumptions and simplifications. Dynamic time–history analysis, considering non-linearities in the soil but constraining the structure to remain in the elastic uncracked state, is recognized as a suitable analysis method for the problem at hand. In this context, the contribution focuses on a specific Italian case study with the aim of assessing the influence of two main modeling assumptions that engineers could include: (i) considering vs neglecting the soil–structure interaction phenomena; (ii) considering vs ignoring the vertical component of the ground motion. To this aim, 7 seismic inputs have been defined starting from compatibility criteria with a spectrum provided by a site-specific seismic-tectonic study. First, they have been used in a non-linear propagation analysis, to assess the waveform propagation from the bedrock up to the foundation basis. Then, 3D Finite Element (FE) analyses of an empty surge tank have been conducted to assess the effect of the dynamic soil–structure interaction on its seismic response. The effects of the vertical component of the ground motion have been investigated, thus providing some guidance on the modeling choices that should be adopted for a safe assessment of the seismic performance of such kind of structures.

Social investigation and social novelty in zebrafish: Roles of salience and novelty

Social preference tests can be used to analyze variables that influence and modify social behaviors, and to investigate effects of substances such as medications, drugs, and hormones. They may become important tools for finding a valid model to study neuropsychiatric changes and to study human neurodevelopmental processes that have been impaired by social events. While a preference for conspecifics has been shown for different species, social novelty has been used as a model for anxiety-like behavior in rodents. The goal of this research was to understand the roles of stimulus salience (numerousness) and novelty in social investigation and social novelty tests in zebrafish (Danio rerio Hamilton 1822). We used a sequential design, in which animals are exposed first to a social investigation test (with dichotomous presentation of novel conspecifics vs. empty tank) and then to a social novelty test (with dichotomous presentation of the already known conspecific and a novel conspecific). In experiment 1, animals were presented to either 1 or 3 (vs. an empty tank) conspecifics as stimuli. In experiment 2, animals were presented to 1 vs. 3 conspecifics as stimuli. In experiment 3, animals were observed in the social investigation and social novelty tests for 3 consecutive days. The results showed equivalence between 1 or 3 conspecifics in the social investigation and social novelty tests, although animals were able to discriminate between different shoal sizes. These preferences do not change with repeated test exposure, suggesting novelty to be a minor contributor to social investigation and social novelty in zebrafish.

Seismic Analysis of RCC Buildings Using Water Tanks as Tuned Liquid Mass Dampers

A Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) is a device that is mounted to a structure to reduce the dynamic response of the structure. It is made up of a mass, a spring, and a damper. The damper's frequency is tuned to a specific structural frequency, and when that frequency is excited, it will resonate in an opposite direction to the structural motion. Tuned Liquid Mass Dampers are more recommended when compared to Tuned Mass Damper due to their respective advantages. The overhead water tanks can act as Tuned Liquid Mass Dampers. In this study, the overhead water tanks in RCC buildings are used to represent liquid-tuned mass dampers. The impact of Multiple Liquid Tuned Mass Dampers on the RCC buildings with and without tuned liquid mass dampers is to be studied. Utilizing response spectrum analysis, the study was conducted on buildings that have hexagonal and rectangular shapes. The trials are repeated by changing the water levels in tanks to empty, one-third level, two-thirds level and full water tank conditions. Comparisons of seismic parameters are done for demonstrating the functionality of a tuned liquid mass damper.