Oil Palm Empty Bunch Research Articles

Exploration of Indigenous Molds from Empty Palm Bunch Waste Which Have The Potential As A Cellulose Degradation Agent

Empty palm oil bunches (TKKS) are waste that has not been utilized optimally by palm oil mills and degraded in nature for a relatively long time. The most significant component in EFB is cellulose, so it needs to be degraded. This research aims to obtain mold from EFB, which is undergoing decomposition and has the potential to degrade cellulose so that the mold can later be used to break down the cellulose in EFB. The research began by measuring the temperature and pH of the TKKS samples in the middle and upper parts, followed by sampling. The sampling location was at the PTPN III Cikasungka Bogor Palm Oil Factory (PKS), which is located in Mekarjaya village, Cigudeg, Bogor Regency. The isolation results obtained 19 mold isolates, and then the isolates were grown on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) media to test their cellulolytic potential. Microscopic observations of molds that can grow on CMC media are generally thought to be the genus Fusarium sp., Aspergillus sp., Rhizopus sp., Mucor sp., Phanerochaete sp., and Penicillium sp. The cellulolytic potential test results showed that 18 mold isolates were obtained, three of which were in the high cellulolytic potential category, namely isolates JM313, JM105, and JM518, with cellulolytic indexes of 5.25 respectively, 2.98 and 2.06.

Sustainable extraction of cellulose nanocrystals from empty palm oil bunches via low-acid hydrolysis

The increasing production of empty palm oil bunches (EPOB) poses significant environmental challenges due to waste accumulation. This study aims to convert EPOB into valuable cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) through a sustainable extraction process utilizing low-acid concentration. The extraction method involves three key steps: alkalization, bleaching, and hydrolysis with 30 % sulfuric acid. The results indicate a high α-cellulose content of 87.04 % and an increase in crystallinity of the extracted CNCs to 60.28 %, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The CNCs exhibit a rod-like morphology with an average diameter of 1.66 nm and a length of 9.85 nm. This research demonstrates that EPOB can be effectively transformed into high-quality CNCs, providing a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative for utilizing agricultural waste. The findings support the potential application of CNCs in various fields, including biodegradable materials and coatings, contributing to sustainability in the palm oil industry.

Exploring agricultural waste substrate for enhancement of <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i> cultivation

The proximate composition of the organic waste substrates used in cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus was analyzed, and the results revealed significant variations in various nutritional components among the substrates. Palm Chaff had the highest ash content (7.14%), followed by Oil Palm Empty Bunch (5.08%), Yam Peel (4.29%), and Saw Dust (1.36%). This indicated that Palm Chaff was the richest in minerals, while sawdust had the lowest mineral content. In addition, Yam Peel had the highest moisture content (8.46%), followed by Palm Chaff (5.87%), Oil Palm Empty Bunch (4.62%), and Saw Dust (2.83%). This suggested that Saw Dust was the driest substrate. Furthermore, Oil Palm Empty Bunch had the highest crude lipid content (1.94%), followed by Palm Chaff (1.38%), Yam Peel (1.13%), and Saw Dust (0.04%). Moreover, Oil Palm Empty Bunch had the highest crude protein content (2.56%), followed by Yam Peel (2.1%) and Palm Chaff (2.02%). Saw Dust had the lowest crude protein content (1.74%). Besides, Oil Palm Empty Bunch had the highest crude fiber content (48.27%), followed by Palm Chaff (36.94%), Saw Dust (26.17%), and Yam Peel (14.36%). In addition, Saw Dust had the highest carbohydrate content (67.86%), followed by Yam Peel (69.64%) and Palm Chaff (46.65%). Oil Palm Empty Bunch had the lowest carbohydrate content (37.58%). These findings offered valuable insights into the suitability of each substrate for cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus Additionally, it enabled growers to make informed decisions about substrate selection based on the specific nutritional needs and growth requirements of the mushrooms. The impact of various organic waste substrates on the growth dynamics of Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom), revealed significant variations in several key parameters. In primordial Formation, the number of early-stage fruiting bodies formed varied between 12 and 36 across different substrate formulations. The highest primordial formation was observed in treatment A + B + C + D (36), while treatments involving individual substrates or their combinations had the lowest primordial formation (12). Furthermore, in Fruiting Body Production, the number of mature mushrooms produced varied across treatments. Treatment A + C resulted in the highest number of fruiting bodies (26), while treatments involving combinations of substrates (B + C + D, A + B + C, A + B + C + D, C + D) had the lowest number of fruiting bodies (3). Overall, the findings highlight the influence of specific substrate combinations on various aspects of mushroom growth dynamics. However, the choice of growth substrates did not significantly impact the overall weight and biological efficiency of Pleurotus ostreatus in this study. These results provide valuable insights for optimizing mushroom cultivation practices.

Influence of Mushroom Grown on Yam Peel, Palm chaff, Sawdust, and Oil Palm Empty Bunch as Poultry Feed Admixture for Broiler Chicks Growth Enhancer

This study explores the viability of utilizing mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) grown on diverse organic wastes as an economical and nutrient-rich feed for poultry production. Hence, the objective of this paper was to investigate the effect of mushroom grown on yam peel, palm chaff, sawdust, and oil palm empty bunch as poultry feed admixture for broiler chicks’growth enhancer using appropriate standard methods with thirty (30) broiler chicks on three diets for six weeks: Mushroom Poultry Feed (MPF); Commercial Poultry Feed (CPF), and Mixed Feed (MPF + CPF) respectively. Data obtained show that MPF-fed chickens exhibited a lower growth rate than chickens fed with CPF and MPF + CPF, signifying relatively less efficient weight gain. However, no significant differences were observed among feeding treatments (p > 0.05). The digestibility of MPF, CPF, and MPF + CPF was 81.06%, 82.93%, and 85.86% respectively, suggesting the potential of mixed feed to provide superior nutrients for growth and energy. Regarding chicken meat composition, significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in proximate composition, vitamins, and minerals among various feed treatments, emphasizing their interplay. However, the feed type did not significantly impact vitamin content (p > 0.05), highlighting variations more attributable to vitamin types than feed treatments. These findings highlight the potential of valorizing organic waste through mushroom cultivation for sustainable and economically viable poultry feed production.

Studi Alkalisasi Serat Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Sebagai Penguat Komposit Material Akustik.

The use of empty oil palm fruit bunches as reinforcement in making composite boards has been carried out. Palm oil empty bunch fiber was obtained in the Kotabaru area, South Kalimantan. Palm oil empty fruit bunch fiber is hydrophilic which causes low adhesive properties between the fiber and the matrix so it is necessary to alkalize with 3% NaOH for 5 hours first. Alkalization has increased the cellulose content by 19.36% and reduced the lignin component by 9.04% and other components, such as hemicellulose, pectin, fat and others by 59.63%. Making composite boards uses the hand lay-up method and has succeeded in improving physical and mechanical properties. Water content according to SNI. The acoustic performance of composite boards shows significant results. The acoustic properties of composite boards without alkalization are sound absorbing, while with alkalization they are reflective. These results are supported by FTIR and SEM morphology results, which show that the interfacial bonding properties between the fiber and the matrix increase, thereby changing the acoustic performance of the TKKS composite board.Keywords: Alkalization, hand lay-up, acoustic performance, absorption, reflection.

Review: Metabolit Sekunder pada Kelapa Sawit

Oil palm is known as a plantation crop that produces vegetable oil which is widely used in human life. Palm oil is produced from fresh fruit bunches (FFB) which originate from female flowers. Another part of the oil palm plant that has not been widely utilized is the oil palm leaves. When these leaves have been pruned, they will become abundant garden waste. Apart from that, there are empty palm oil bunches (tankos) which are classified as factory waste. Further research is needed regarding the compound content, especially the secondary metabolite content of midrib and tankos so that their utilization is optimal. The aim of this review is to determine the content of secondary metabolite compounds in oil palm plants and the potential for wider use. The method used is collecting library data, reading, analyzing and writing it down. The data and references used are scientific articles in national and international journals, textbooks, literature reviews and other sources. Based on the review, information was obtained that oil palm leaves contain several secondary metabolite compounds, especially saponins and phenols, while tankos contains phenol compounds. The amount of secondary metabolite compound content is not yet known for certain and this could be an opportunity to conduct research to determine the content of secondary metabolite compounds, especially for oil palm plants.

Pemberian Biochar Arang Kayu dan Tandan Kosong Sawit terhadap Gas N2O pada Tanah Gambut yang Ditumbuhi Kelapa Sawit

Peatlands are developed for agricultural cultivation, such as oil palm. The agricultural sector contributes 13.5% of the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Emissions from this sector are generally in the form of N2O 46%, CH4 45%, and CO2 9%. Recently, the focus on the development of peatlands for this activity has been so great, especially in relation to emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O). The potential for peatland to be used as agricultural land must pay attention to environmental aspects such as the level of N2O emissions. This study aims to determine the effect of wood activated to empty palm oil fruit bunches on N2O emissions from peatlands oil palm. This study used an allocation block design. The factors studied were the distribution of wood charcoal and empty palm oil bunches at 6 levels, namely: wood charcoal + 0 kg of empty palm fruit bunches; wood charcoal 0.75 kg + 0.75 kg of empty palm fruit bunches, and 0.375 empty palm fruit bunches+0.375 kg of wood charcoal; empty palm fruit bunch charcoal 1.5 kg+wood charcoal 1.5 kg. N2O gas was analyzed using the closed chamber method and the soil was analyzed for soil pH and field water capacity. The treatment was repeated 3 times, resulting in 18 experimental units. The results showed that on day 0, the application of wood charcoal and empty palm oil bunches did not affect N2O emissions, but on the 15 and 45 days. The results showed that the treatment affected N2O emissions.

ASPHYDROXEL: ASPHALT CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE BY SYNTHESIS OF POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE FOR UTILIZATION OF PALM OIL BUNCH ASH WASTE

Environmental pollution is the most common problem faced by Indonesia, for example, industrial waste. The country of Indonesia once occupied the first position in Southeast Asia, as a country with the worst air quality. In addition, Indonesia is the largest producer of crude palm oil (CPO) and palm oil plantations in the world. The industry produces the most solid waste in the form of empty palm oil bunches and requires a large area to store it. In order to reduce the storage area needed, empty palm oil bunches are burned to ashes or palm oil fuel ash (POFA). Therefore, we have the idea of absorbing CO2 gas and utilizing POFA as a mixture of concrete and asphalt, by converting it into a potassium chloride compound. Then, the electrolysis process is carried out to produce potassium hydroxide compounds. The potassium hydroxide compound will later be mixed with asphalt to produce Asphydroxel asphalt, which absorbs carbon dioxide. In implementing Asphydroxel, several parties are involved, such as oil palm smallholders, palm oil mills, asphalt company research teams, asphalt companies, and the government. It is predicte that this idea will prevent the buildup of bunch ash waste and air pollution which cause climate change

Adsorption Properties of Beta Carotene from Activated Carbon Derivatives of Oil Palm Empty Bunches

This research aims to determine the adsorption ability of activated carbon and Fe-Cu modified activated carbon in the β-carotene adsorption process on Crude Palm Oil (CPO). Empty Palm Oil Bunches (TKKS) are used as a bio-sorbent for carbon production at a temperature of 500 ºC. The synthesized carbon was activated using H3PO4 and modified with Fe-Cu metal. CPO quality parameters such as Free Fatty Acids and Peroxide Number were analyzed to see the effect of adsorption on CPO quality. The β-carotene level in the CPO sample used is 472.1 ppm. The optimum conditions for using activated carbon in the β-carotene adsorption process are a mass variation of 8 grams with the β-carotene remaining after adsorption being 432.4 ppm, whereas by using Magnetic Activated Carbon, CPO β-carotene after adsorption remains at 426.1 ppm. Meanwhile, increasing the adsorption time causes the absorption of β-carotene to become greater. By using Activated Carbon the remaining β-carotene is 300.1 ppm after 120 minutes, whereas by using Magnetic Activated Carbon the optimum absorption time is faster and the amount of β-carotene absorbed is greater. The remaining βcarotene after absorption with Magnetic Activated Carbon was 288.7 after 90 minutes of adsorption. Apart from being able to absorb β-carotene, magnetic activated carbon is also better at reducing FFA and PV levels from CPO.

Application of organic fertilizer for improving soybean production under acidic stress

The presence of acidic soil in rural areas poses difficulties for agricultural production. One factor regulating soil pH is the overuse of inorganic fertilizer. The increased use of fertilizers in soybean production not only raises sustainability concerns but also contributes to soil acidity. Therefore, the use of organic fertilizer could offer a solution for addressing both issues related to soil acidity and sustainability. The purpose of this study was to investigate the manipulation of soil pH using organic fertilizer for soybean production under acidic stress. The planting medium, consisting of a mixture of topsoil, rice husk charcoal, and organic fertilizer (in a ratio of 2:1:1), was supplemented with 0.5 ​g of NPK fertilizer as a basal treatment in each planting medium. To regulate the soil acidity to pH 4, we added FeSO4 and allowed the mixture to incubate for 30 days. The results demonstrate that the application of three types of organic fertilizers chicken manure (P1), oil palm empty bunch fertilizer (P2), and vermicompost (P3) positively impacts the growth of three soybean varieties. The findings indicate that the application of P2 organic fertilizer can increase vegetative growth almost 50% in soybeans on acidic soil, including plant height, leaf count, and root length. Meanwhile, applying P3 organic fertilizer can boost reproductive growth responses in soybeans on acidic soil, such as pod number (from around 0-4 unit to 42–51 unit), grain number (from around 0-5 unit to 88–90 unit), and grain weight (from around 0–0.37 ​g to 12–25 ​g). Organic fertilizer has the potential to regulate soil pH, promoting higher yields of soybeans under acidic stress.

Effect of potassium fertilizer dose and compost dose of empty palm oil bunches (EFB) on the growth of lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus L.)

This study aims to determine the effect of potassium fertilizer and compost of Empty Palm Oil Bunches (EFB) on the growth of citronella (Cymbopogon nardus L.). The research was started in February-June 2022 at BPTP Banten, and the Laboratory of the Department of Agroecotechnology, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University. This study used a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) method which consisted of two factors. The first of potassium fertilizer dose has 4 levels, 0 kg/ha potassium (K0), 15 kg/ha (K1), 30 kg/ha (K2) and 45 kg/ha (K3). The second factor of EFB compost has 4 levels, 0 tons/ha (T0), 20 tons/ha (T1), 30 tons/ha (T2) and 40 tons/ha (T3). The results showed the dose of potassium fertilizer 30 kg/ha gave the best results on plant height parameters at the age of 3, 4, 5, 6 weeks after planting (WAP). Dosage of 40 tons/ha of EFB compost gave the best results on the number of leaves aged 5 and 6 WAP. There was no interaction between the dose of potassium fertilizer and the dose of EFB compost on all.

Antioxidant activity, GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) production, and potential for colonization of Lactobacillus fermentum InaCC B1295 encapsulated with cellulose microfiber hydrogel from oil palm solid waste during storage

Lactobacillus fermentum InaCC B1295 is a probiotic bacterium that improves intestinal and immune systems, positively impacting human health. It produces various bioactive compounds, including bacteriocin, antioxidant enzymes, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and colonizes the human gastrointestinal system. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity (IC50), GABA production, and colonization potential of L. fermentum InaCC B1295 with encapsulation by cellulose microfiber from oil palm solid waste (trunk, frond, leaf, and empty bunches) at room and refrigeration temperature with storage time 0, 14, and 28 days. The strain InaCC B1295 showed a high activity to scavenging ability against DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) for the treatment with encapsulation with oil palm empty bunches at refrigeration temperature after storage 14 days, which reached 88.56 ppm. Furthermore, L. fermentum InaCC B1295 produced GABA ranging from 0.435 mg/L to 2.215 mg/L. Lactobacillus fermentum InaCC B1295 encapsulated with oil palm leaf produced the most GABA at 0-day storage with a concentration of 2.215 mg/L and decreased during storage for all treatments. L. fermentum InaCC B1295 cells encapsulated in CMF hydrogel from empty oil palm fruit bunches had a lower autoaggregation value than free cells. The cells encapsulated with CMF hydrogel from oil palm empty bunches, on the other hand, had higher coaggregation and hydrophilicity values than the free cells (unencapsulated cells).

Exploration of study objects on the potential of wild mushrooms growing on oil palm empty bunches for learning in the subject of IPAS project at vocational school

The IPAS Project has a study object in the form of concrete objects and social phenomena found in nature, and it is developed based on empirical experience. This study aimed to find out various alternative study objects regarding the potential of wild mushrooms growing on oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFBs) piled at oil palm plantations. The research was descriptive exploratory research. Data were collected through field study, documentation, and literature study. The collected data were analyzed by using thematic analysis from Philip Marrying. The result of the field study found 12 types of wild mushrooms growing on the decayed OPEFBs. Those mushrooms were then identified based on their morphological characteristics. In this study, we found three alternative study objects towards mushrooms growing on OPEFB, which can be developed in the IPAS Project learning: (1) mushroom cultivation using OPEFB waste which includes 4 aspects (living things and their environment, substance, and their changes, earth and space, economic behavior and welfare), (2) morphological characterization for classification of mushroom including 3 aspects (living things and their environment, substance and their changes, social interaction and social dynamics), and (3) detection of chemical compounds present in mushroom, covering 3 aspects (living things and their environment, substance and their changes, economic behavior and welfare).

Konversi Limbah Biomassa Tandan Kosong Sawit menjadi Energi Panas

Biomass waste from palm oil mill processing in Indonesia, especially on the island of Sumatra one of which is Aceh Province, is currently quite abundant and has not been managed optimally. This biomass waste can be converted into solid energy, which can be used as energy for biomass power plants. The aim of this research is specifically to convert biomass waste into solid energy. This research applies Simultaneous compression with heating as a fuel production method. The biomass waste used as solid fuel production material is empty palm oil bunches. The results of the fuel production process based on palm oil biomass waste show that the energy value reaches 26.80 MJ/kg. The carbon content in the produced fuel reaches 47.56%, with a low ash content of 6.70%. Calculations of the density of biomass-based fuel before and after production show an average of 1.42 grams/cm3. The results of tests carried out on fuel produced using palm oil biomass waste show high energy potential that can be used to reduce dependence on the use of coal.

THE EFFECT OF DOSING POTASH FERTILIZER AND COMPOST DOSES OF EMPTY BUNCHES OF OIL PALM (TKKS) ON THE GROWTH OF CITRONELLA PLANTS (Cymbopogon nardus L.)

Citronella is a biopharmaceutical plant that has the main content of citronella and geraniol as raw materials in the manufacture of essential oils (citronella oil) which have high economic value. The production of citronella increases every year although the amount is still small when compared to the production of other biopharmaceutical plants. So it is necessary to increase the productivity of citronella plants with the use of the right dose of fertilizer. This study aims to determine the effect of potassium fertilizer dose and Compost Dose of Empty Palm Oil Bunches (EFB) on the growth of citronella (Cymbopogon nardus L.). The research was started in February-June 2022 at Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) Banten, Ciruas District, Serang Regency, Banten and the Laboratory of the Department of Agroecotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) method which consisted of two factors, namely potassium fertilizer dose and Compost Dose of Empty Palm Oil Bunches (EFB). The first factor has 4 levels, 0 kg/ha potassium (K0), 15 kg/ha (K1), 30 kg/ha (K2) and 45 kg/ha (K3). The second factor has 4 levels, 0 tons/ha (T0), 20 tons/ha (T1), 30 tons/ha (T2) and 40 tons/ha (T3). There were 16 treatment combinations with 3 replications so 48 experimental units were obtained. Each experimental unit contained 2 polybags where each polybag contained 2 plants, so the total plants in the study were 192 plants. The results showed that the dose of potassium fertilizer 30 kg/ha gave the best results on plant height parameters at the age of 3, 4, 5, 6 WAP, the dose of potassium fertilizer 15 kg/ha gave the best results on the number of leaves aged 1 WAP. Dosage of 40 tons/ha of TKKS compost gave the best results on the number of leaves aged 5 and 6 WAP. There was no interaction between the dose of potassium fertilizer and the dose of TKKS compost on all parameters at the age of 1-12 WAP

PENGARUH PENERAPAN BERBAGAI BAHAN SEBAGAI MULSA TERHADAP LINGKUNGAN TUMBUH PADA TANAMAN FAMILI Solanaceae

Crop yields can be increased by the agronomic practice of mulching. Mulching influences the microclimate of roots and keeps the soil physically stable from exposure to sunlight and moisture. Despite using a variety of substances, mulching, in theory, just safeguards the soil's surface. Mulch is supposed to be able to function by using certain plant biomass that is hard to degrade. In the Barito Kuala District, biomass such as empty oil palm, water hyacinth, and apu wood signs are freely accessible, however, these resources are not well used for farming. The aim of this study was to identify the mulch type that can inhibit weed development, limit soil temperature rises, and preserve soil moisture content. Using a randomized block design and patterned random sampling, this study was carried out in Sidomakmur Village, Batola Regency, from January to May 2023. The BNT 5% model was used for the data analysis. There were four different types of treatments used: no mulch (M0), mulch covered in silver-black plastic (M1), mulch made from empty oil palm bunches (M2), mulch made from water hyacinth (M3), and mulch made from water lettuce (M4). According to the findings, mulching lowered soil heat, restricted weed development by 98% compared to no mulching, and kept soil moisture content above the permanent wilting threshold index. The best treatment to reduce temperatures in the soil and suppress the growth of weeds had mulching using empty palm oil bunches.

Adsorbent effectiveness of α-cellulose/humatic acid with epichlorohydrin cross-linking agent on methyl orange dye

Adsorption of methyl orange (MO) using epichlorohydrin cross-linked humic acid/cellulose composite has been carried out. This study aims to synthesize epichlorohydrin cross-linked humic acid/cellulose composites, determine the optimum pH, contact time, and initial concentration and study MO desorption. The adsorbent production begins with the isolation of cellulose from empty palm oil bunches (EFB) obtained from North Sumatra and the isolation of humic acid from peat soil obtained from Rawa Pening. Then humic acid was cross-linked to cellulose in an alkaline solution (NaOH), then epichlorohydrin was added as a cross-linking agent while heating at 600C for 2 hours. Epichlorohydrin cross-linked humic acid/cellulose adsorbents (AH/Cell-ECH) were further characterized using FTIR, XRD and SEM spectroscopy. MO solutions before and after adsorption were analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. MO desorption studies used HCl pH 4, 0.1 and 1.0 M NaCl and 40% and 60% ethanol. FTIR characterization showed that the AH/Sel-ECH adsorbents had active groups, including –OH, -C=O, and –COOH. Characterization using XRD showed diffraction peaks in the 2θ region around 11.41, 20.25, 22.55, and 42.66o, indicating the presence of galactose, xylose, glucose and polysaccharide phases. The SEM-EDX results showed that the surface of the adsorbent had non-uniform pore sizes, and the surface morphology tended to be clean and free of debris. It indicated the presence of C, O, and N elements in AH/ECH-cells and S, N elements after MO adsorption. The optimum interaction of AH/Sel-ECH with MO occurred at pH 2 with 150 mg/L MO, and a contact time of 120 minutes was obtained. MO adsorption by AH/ECH-cells followed a pseudo-second-order kinetics model and the Freundlich isotherm with an MO adsorption capacity of 9.84 x 10-5 mmol/g, respectively. Desorption studies showed that 60% ethanol was the most effective solution for desorption of MO.

Potensi Penggunaan Selulosa Kelapa Sawit Sebagai Bahan Sneakers

The solution to the problem of environmental sustainability is increasingly urgent due to the growing number of consumers which is exacerbated by the use of raw materials for the manufacture of products that are not environmentally friendly. Therefore, the demand for environmentally friendly products or bioproducts has recently become increasingly popular and has become a challenge for manufacturers to increase production and innovation, especially in the footwear sector. One of the innovations that can be used to support the bioproduct mission is the use of material fiber derived from plant waste in the form of cellulose from empty palm oil bunches which has characteristics resembling synthetic leather. The research is supported by the results of a literature study that has been carried out as well as observations in the form of experiments testing several upper materials for resistance and moisture to testing cellulose materials in the sneaker product section. The experimental results show that cellulose materials can support the application of several anatomical parts of upper sneakers with supports in the form of a combination of materials such as cowhide, synthetic materials and corduroy fabrics as supports for cellulose materials. The results of the research are expected to raise awareness among users about the use of sustainable and recyclable materials that can be applied to fashion styles that can compete with non-bioproducts.

Efektivitas Konsentrasi Biopestisida Asap Cair Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) terhadap Mortalitas Hama Uret Tebu (Lepidiota Stigma F.)

Indonesia’s The sugarcane white grub (Lepidiota stigma F.) is one of the pests that causes a decrease in sugarcane production. There are several ways to control pests, one of which is using biopesticide made from the liquid smoke of empty oil palm bunches. This research was conducted in January-February 2023 at the Plant Protection Laboratory of the Department of Agricultural Production at Jember State Polytechnic. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of different concentrations of biopesticide made from the liquid smoke of empty oil palm bunches in controlling the sugarcane white grub. The study used a randomized block design (RBD) consisting of four treatments with six replications, namely 1% concentration, 1.5% concentration, 2% concentration, and 2.5% concentration of biopesticide made from the liquid smoke of empty oil palm bunches. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, and if significant effects were found, further analysis was conducted using the Tukey test at a significance level of 5%. The LT50 was determined using probit analysis. The parameters used were mortality, physical changes, and LT50. The results showed that the biopesticide made from the liquid smoke of empty oil palm bunches had a highly significant effect on the mortality of the sugarcane white grub, with the fastest LT50 value of 98 hours at a concentration of 2.5%.

Keadaan bahan kering bibit kelapa sawit dengan aplikasi kompos tankos dan Bacillus sp.

Organic fertilizer in the form of compost is possible to be continuesly applied in oil palm plantations, including in nurseries. This is one of the efforts to support the realization of sustainable oil palm plantations. This experiment aims to examine the effect of adding compost made out of empty oil palm bunches (EOPB) and bacteria Bacillus sp. applied either singly or in combination between the two to the state of the dry matter of oil palm seedlings. The experiment was carried out at the Ciparanje Experimental Garden, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University from February to May 2022. The experiment was a field test using a randomized block design consisting of nine treatments, repeated three times. The treatments included NPK inorganic fertilizer, Bacillus sp. (25 mL and 35 mL), EOPB compost (100 g, 150 g and 200 g) given to each oil palm seedlings. The experimental results showed that the administration of Bacillus sp. 25 mL/seedling alone had good effect on the dry weight of the roots and dry weight of the oil palm seedlings, while the addition of 150 g/seedling EOPB compost alone had a good effect on the dry weight of the oil palm seedling shoots. The condition of the dry matter of the seedlings with the provision of Bacillus sp. and EOPB compost is as good as oil palm seedlings which are only given NPK fertilizer so that in this case the EOPB compost and Bacillus sp. can be used as an alternative fertilizer to be applied in oil palm nurseries.