Empty Cans Research Articles

On the Crush Behavior and Energy Absorption of Sustainable Beverage Cans and Their Polyurethane Foam-Filled Structures: An Experimental Study.

In the pursuit of global energy conservation and emissions reductions, utilizing beverage cans as energy-absorbing components offers potential for a sustainable economy. This study examines the impact of foam filling on the crushing behaviors and energy absorption of various types of beverage cans. Quasi-static compression tests were conducted on five geometrically sized cans filled with three densities of polyurethane foam to study their deformation modes and calculate crashworthiness parameters within the effective stroke. Results show that empty beverage cans have lower energy absorption capacities, and deformation modes become less consistent as can size increases. Higher foam density leads to increased total energy absorption, a slight reduction in the effective compression stroke, and a tendency for specific energy absorption to initially increase and then decrease. Regarding crush behavior, smaller cans transition from a diamond mode to a concertina mode, while larger cans exhibit a columnar bending mode. Next, the coupling effect of energy absorption between foam and cans was analyzed so as to reveal the design method of energy-absorbing components. The specific energy absorption of smaller cans filled with polyurethane foam is superior to that of similar empty cans. These findings provide valuable insights for selecting next-generation sustainable energy absorption structures.

Design of Can Crusher

Abstract: Present study has focused on the design of a domestic aluminum can crusher this will be used to shred empty beverage cans and recycle them back into the industry. It promote sustainability in the beverage production sector. The Young's modulus, density, yield strength, and Poisson's ratio of steel and aluminum, among other parameters, were taken into consideration during the design computation of the crusher. Catia was used to model each individual component as well as the entire machine assembly.

Machine learning and RSM-CCD analysis of green concrete made from waste water plastic bottle caps: Towards performance and optimization

This study aims to serve as a performance indicator for the workability and strength of concrete when coarse aggregate, sand, cement, and water are partially substituted with waste plastic bottle caps. The significance of these alternative plastic water bottle caps is to reduce plastic trash that is difficult to lapse and to prevent waste that can be transformed to something that may be employed in the advancement of technology in the future. The principle of "Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle" is used, which not only lowers environmental pollution but also reduces costs. In the building industry, concrete is the most often utilized material. In order to preserve natural resources and minimize the number of materials that end up in landfills, green construction is becoming a more significant worldwide issue. Empty cans and bottle tops from drinking water bottle produce a lot of garbage. The difficulty of biodegrading plastic trash and the need for techniques for recycling or reuse make this a problem for the environment. Such problems are being investigated in this study in order to determine whether it could be possible to partially replace coarse aggregate with 0, 6 and 12% in the manufacturing of concrete using discarded bottle caps. To evaluate the compressive strength, split tensile, and flexural strength test characteristics in a laboratory setting; waste bottle caps were used as replacements for coarse aggregate at different percentages. The highest compressive strength was determined to be 28.80 MPa with 12% replacement of used plastic bottle caps with a water cement ratio of 0.55. Advanced statistical methods, including RSM-CCD (Response Surface Method-Central Composite Design) and machine learning models ANN-LM (Artificial Neural Network- Levenberg Marquardt), were applied in this study to predict concrete performances based on mix design variations. It was found that ANN-LM model displayed more accurate prediction relative to RSM-CCD method.

To litter or not to litter that is the question, or the impact of tourist litter pollution on the macrofauna

Discarded bottles abandoned by tourists in forests pose a considerable threat to invertebrates that has not been adequately researched to date. In order to investigate this matter, empty PET bottles and aluminium cans containing small amounts of 5 qualitatively different beverages they were originally filled with were placed simultaneously in forests. They were subsequently collected, 3 bottles/cans of each type, during three site inspections to analyze mortality of the macrofauna inside them. The composition of macrofauna may be affected by the presence of Anoplotrupes stercorosus, which occasionally feeds on dead animal matter. Therefore, the study consisted of 2 stages, the aim being to identify patterns of invertebrate mortality in bottles when A. Stercorosus presence was limited (stage 1) and not limited (stage 2). The effect of certain beverages on macrofauna mortality was also studied. Stage 2 additionally involved 4 variants of habitat fertility. The most marked differences compared with invertebrate mortality in mineral water bottles (control) were noted for beer cans, which was attributed to the dark insides of the latter. The sequence of appearance of isopods, predators and different developmental stages of dipterans inside the cans indicated the presence of an operational detritus mini ecosystem. Invertebrate mortality in empty bottles originally containing caffeine and a high amount of sugar was also different from the patterns identified in the control bottles (mineral water). This was thought to be related to the luring „power” of sugar. The highest mortality of the macrofauna was recorded in a moderately fertile forest habitat, followed by the most fertile habitat. This was believed to be related to the well-developed vertical structure of the moderately fertile habitat. Altogether, this study shows that litter collecting campaigns in forest and other valuable natural habitats is an aesthetic procedure that also protects the macrofauna of the litter and soil representing a range of diversified trophic preferences.

Sustainable composites with ultrahigh energy absorption from beverage cans and polyurethane foam

The worldwide annual consumption of metal beverage cans is enormous. Reusing these discarded empty beverage cans (EBCs) as an energy absorber for kinetic energy absorption would be highly beneficial for promoting energy savings, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and establishing a circular economy. However, EBCs are susceptible to deformation in an undesirable failure mode under axial crushing loads, which is unfavorable for energy absorption. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of combining empty cans with polyurethane (PU) foam to enhance the energy absorption performance of EBCs. The study develops low-cost and sustainable composite structures (SCSs) from waste beverage cans. Surprisingly, the specific energy absorption (energy absorption per unit mass) of the SCSs is 2.44 times that of the EBCs under axial quasi-static compression. The average axial crushing force of SCSs is approximately 23.4 times the weight of the empty can itself. Furthermore, the SCSs exhibit excellent crashworthiness performance in various dynamic impact scenarios and superior energy absorption characteristics compared to other typical tubular composites and metamaterials. This study demonstrates an extremely feasible approach for developing next-generation eco-friendly and high-performance energy-absorbing composite materials.

Determination of bisphenol A, B, F and S in canned foodstuffs and canned pet foods by solid-phase microextraction with polytyramine nanocomposite fiber

This research describes a nanocomposite coating consisting of polytyramine (PTy) and graphene oxide nanosheets@copper nanoparticles (GO@CuNPs) which is synthesized through one-step electropolymerization mode on the surface of a steel wire. The performance of the PTy/GO@CuNPs nanocomposite was evaluated as a new polar coating for solid-phase microextraction of bisphenol A and its analogs in canned drinks and foods, canned pet foods and empty cans preceding to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In order to attain efficient nanocomposite coating, the operative parameters related to the electrochemical approach and the microextraction implementation were considered exhaustively and optimized. Under the optimized experimental mood, the calibration curves of the target analytes were plotted with limits of detection ranges from 4.0 to 8.0 ng L−1. The relative standard deviations using a single fiber and three fibers were below 7.4% and 11.2%, respectively. Besides, the recoveries of this method for real samples were higher than 93%.

Burn

Burn Henriette Rostrup (bio) Translated by Thom Satterlee (bio) Click for larger view View full resolution A girl executes her escape plan, with one unexpected twist at the end. [End Page 28] She walks through the house. It’s quiet now; everyone’s sleeping. Behind the bedroom door she can hear her father’s deep, relaxed breathing: hiss when he inhales, snort when he exhales. She stands waiting, waiting to hear if maybe this next time he doesn’t exhale. But he does, he always does. The bed creaks as he rolls over. Or maybe it’s her mother, turning away from him. The way she’s always turning away from him. Her heart beats faster. She tries to take deep breaths, from all the way down in the pit of her stomach, so she can watch it happen. Then breathe out slowly, without a sound. She mustn’t be scared. She can be scared later. She closes her eyes for a moment before moving on. A floorboard creaks. She stops, listens. Did they hear her? But the only sound in the house is people sleeping. Their breathing, the bed creaking. If you didn’t know better you’d think this was one of those houses where everyone slept through the night, peaceful and calm. Down the stairs and into the living room, with the remains of last night’s party still scattered on the tables. Empty beer cans and liquor bottles, half-empty bowls of stale chips, and overflowing ashtrays that give the living room a sour, ashy smell. On the dining table there are several half-full glasses of what’s probably rum and Coke. She takes one and gulps it down. The sweet, lukewarm liquid burns her throat; she coughs as quietly as she can, holding her hand over her mouth. There’s a creak from the leather sofa, and she turns. One of the men from the party is lying there. She doesn’t recognize him, but now and then they all look the same. She walks up to him. His shirt’s come untucked and the soft flesh of his belly spills over the waistline of his pants. There’s a strip of black hair running down under his belt. She feels queasy. The aftertaste of rum and Coke fills her mouth. And something sour. He grunts a little in his sleep, smacks his lips contentedly, and turns partway round on the sofa as if she didn’t exist. From the coffee table she takes an empty bottle, the one with a pirate captain on its label, and lifts it over his head. Stands with both arms raised ready to bring it down with full force if he wakes up. He makes a little whimper, a sigh, and she can see his eyes darting back and forth under his eyelids. But he doesn’t wake up. Just settling back down. She returns the bottle to its place . . . quiet, quiet. She tries not to make any sound at all as she passes from the living room to the kitchen. She moves as quickly and purposefully as she can but at the same time painstakingly slow, not wanting to make any noise. In her mind, night after night, she has rehearsed her movements through this house. The door between the kitchen and garage sticks; it hasn’t been used in so long. She’s at the point of giving up when it finally gives way with a jerk. She loses her balance and has to reach out behind her. The garbage bag that always hangs on the door falls off and spills its contents on the kitchen floor, which was already dirty. She stands there in an awkward posture holding her breath, listening, but she doesn’t hear anything from the living room or upstairs. Then she kicks the bag aside, straightens up, and steps over the garbage and out into the garage. It’s been a long time since a car was parked here. The space is crammed with junk, old moving boxes her father keeps with odds and ends he thinks he’ll need someday: canned goods, mildewed books, a broken record player. An...

Crashworthy characteristics of sustainable thin-walled tubes: A study on recycled beverage cans

Thin-walled tubular structures are widely employed in applications. The current study proposes an innovative cost-saving and eco-friendly thin-walled cylinder concept using recycled beverage cans. Axial compression experiments are conducted to characterize the crushing performance under quasi-static and dynamic loading. Besides, the polyurethane foam (PUF)-filled beverage cans are fabricated to improve the compression resistance and energy absorption capacity. Experimental results show that empty beverage cans behave as a typical Type-II absorber and fail by local buckling of the cylinder belly. The initial peak force increases with deformation rates while the highest mean crushing force is obtained at compressive velocity of 50 mm/min. In contrast, PUF-filled beverage cans collapse with a progressive folding process and present significant improvement in crashworthiness. Experimental results are compared with theoretical analysis and conventional energy absorbers to clarify the crashworthiness. In addition, the interaction effect between the PUF fillings and the recycled beverage cans is discussed comprehensively.

S3594 The Way to a Man’s Heart Is Through His Stomach

INTRODUCTION: ‘Pneumoperitoneum’ is the accumulation of free gas in the peritoneal cavity. Common causes include ventilator-induced barotrauma, bowel perforation, endoscopic procedures and abdominal surgeries. Tension pneumoperitoneum (TPP) is the acute excessive accumulation of free gas resulting in venocompression and cardiovascular compromise. We present an unusual case of TPP that could have led to cardiac arrest. CASE DESCRIPTION/METHODS: 64-year-old man with history of alcohol abuse and abdominal pain for 2 days was brought to ER after he was found collapsed at home with last known normal 20 minutes prior. CPR was initiated and EMS was called. EMS noted empty beer cans near the patient. He was resuscitated per ACLS protocol and ROSC was achieved. On ER examination, patient was unresponsive, in shock and with a tensely distended abdomen. Labs showed AST 435 units/L, ALT 236 units/L, lactic acid 13.4 mMol/L, alcohol level 19 mg/dL and ammonia 155 mcg/dL. CXR demonstrated air under diaphragm bilaterally (Figure 1). CT showed large pneumoperitoneum, free fluid and compressed IVC (Figures 2a and 2b). He underwent emergent laparoscopy. Intra-abdominal pressure was 28 mmHg using an indwelling foley catheter with an initial release of gas during laparoscopy. He was found to have a large 1.5 cm perforated gastric ulcer which was repaired. Patient had multiorgan dysfunction but was stabilized in ICU. However, he did not awaken and was declared brain dead 3 days after admission to hospital. DISCUSSION: We hypothesize that our patient had TPP causing severe abdominal compartment syndrome leading to cardiovascular collapse and cardiac arrest. The rapid deterioration culminating in arrest suggests a mechanical component to the arrest rather than a pure hypovolemic and inflammatory state. Radiologic findings of a large pneumoperitoneum compressing the abdominal viscera as well as the IVC have previously been described with TPP. Smet et al described a case like ours of spontaneous TPP presenting with cardiac arrest. In such cases emergent needle decompression can be lifesaving.Figure 1.: demonstrating CXR finding of air under diaphragm bilaterally (Yellow arrows).Figure 2a.: (Axial view) demonstrate CT scan findings of a large pneumoperitoneum (yellow arrows) compressing the abdominal viscera and IVC into a central mass (blue arrows) with free fluid in the peritoneal cavity (red arrows).Figure 2b.: (Sagittal view) demonstrate CT scan findings of a large pneumoperitoneum (yellow arrows) compressing the abdominal viscera and IVC into a central mass (blue arrows) with free fluid in the peritoneal cavity (red arrows).

The beginning and the end of the aluminium value chain

Metallic aluminium does not naturally occur in nature, and it was largely unknown, virtually a mystery, until 200 years ago. The modern aluminium production using a hydrometallurgical refining process for making alumina followed by electrolysis of this mineral was first developed in 1886 and, in principle, the same technology is still used to this day. About 90% of alumina refineries in the world use the Bayer process for refining Bauxite ore. It is very efficient, but it can only be used on high quality bauxite with low content of admixtures, especially silicon. The Bayer process also generates a Bauxite Residue (BR), maybe better known as Red Mud (RM) which is a thick red-brown, high-basicity paste consisting of silicon, iron, aluminium, titanium and others. The International Institute of Aluminium estimates that since 1886 almost a billion tonnes of aluminium were produced around the world with three fourths of this amount still being in use today, of which about 35% is located in buildings and structures, 30% in electric cables and equipment and 30% in transport. Aluminium scrap is collected all over the world. In the home, it mostly consists of aluminium beverage cans. It is claimed that 1 ton of recycled empty beverage cans save 8 tons of bauxite, 4 kg of various fluorides and 14 kWh of electricity. Additionally, recycling aluminium significantly reduces the negative environmental impact of ever-expanding RM landfills. As the idea of environmental responsibility is gaining more and more traction, separate household scrap recycling is becoming more and more popular around the world. How challenges related to such activity can be met will be the main topic of this paper alongside discussing new developments for alumina production without RM generation.

Public Perception to Littering in Greenspaces: A Case Study in Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia

Greenspaces are central to the success of cities. However, what is normally found while walking in local parks or greenspaces are empty cans, bottles, food wrappers and other litters that ruin the aesthetic beauty of the site. Increase in the number of visitors visiting parks in Malaysia has resulted in a growing littering problem. Some parks even received numerous complaints regarding litter. In order to understand the problem of littering in parks, a study was conducted with the objective of identifying factors influencing peoples’ littering behaviour in Pantai Temasya Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia. A total of 178 set of questionnaires were distributed to visitors at Pantai Temasya Bintulu, Sarawak, which is a popular recreational park in Bintulu. Data collected was encoded into the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) and analysed accordingly. The study found more male (61.8%) than female (38.2%) respondents have done littering in the past. While more Chinese (73.1%) respondents admitted to littering than any other races. With regards to marital status, singles (64.2%) and those without children (64.4%) top the list for littering. Respondents of the age group of 17 to 25-year-old (70.6%) recorded a high percentage for littering as compared to other age groups. Respondents with only a primary school (66.7%) education have a higher tendency to litter. Besides, jobless adults and students also dominated the chart for littering for the occupation profile. Parallel with that, the income group which those without any source of income (65.3%) was the highest to admit to littering. The study identified attitude to be the highest factor influencing littering among visitors with nearly 65% respondents agreeing to it. Meanwhile, beverage containers such as aluminium cans, glass and plastic bottles were found to be the type of litter most frequently found in Pantai Temasya Bintulu. Studies on public perception towards littering are essential for administrative and strategic planning of litter control. In the case of Pantai Temasya Bintulu, early education and awareness campaigns are seen to be the best approach to instil good attitudes among the visitors.

Demystifying Food Safety Implementation by SMEs Using Innovative Cohort Factory Visits and 15Action-Oriented Steps to HACCP Certification

Ensuring food safety has been a major concern to small and medium-sized food manufacturers especially those in developing countries participating in international trade. In this connection, an action-oriented learning and factory visit by a cohort of 15 owners of food manufacturing SMEs to a world-class food factory in Ghana under the auspices of Partners in Food Solutions helped demystify HACCP implementation in the minds of these SME owners. This resulted in majority of them implementing HACCP within six months. A typical indigenous Ghanaian small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) engaged in palm cream concentrate canning was selected for HACCP study and the generic HACCP system was developed which is being adapted for the entire palm cream concentrate canning industry in West Africa. To manufacture canned palm cream concentrate, fresh and ripen palm fruits are harvested, weighed, inspected, and sorted for their quality. The quality palm fruits are washed, cooked at a temperature of 100°C for 30 min, depulped into paste, fiber and kernels. The paste with the fiber is squeezed and strained to obtain palm cream. The fine cream is collected and blended with 0.5% salt and heated to a temperature ≥ 70°C for 10 min. Empty cans are washed, filled with the hot cream, seamed, washed to get rid of stains and loaded into retort baskets and then hoisted into a vertical retort for sterilization. Retorting is done at 121°C for 60 minutes and then cooled to a temperature of 40°C and the product are removed from the retort and incubated at ambient temperature for 7 days. After which labelling is done and the product are cased and palletized ready for sale. The 14 stages of HACCP implementation including the 7 preparatory steps and the 7 principles of HACCP recommended by were applied in addition to 2 innovative steps to the palm cream concentrate canning process [1]. Each processing step was correctly captured in the process flow diagram and subjected to hazard analysis to identify all potential food safety hazards that are associated with each step. The identified hazards were classified as physical, chemical or biological and subjected to risk assessment process using a quantitative scoring method to determine the likelihood and severity of each potential hazard which helped to determine significant hazards with each step. The significant hazards were then subjected to critical control point determination using the codex decision tree. Three steps of microbiological significance were identified in the process as CCPs. These are can seam (CCP #1), retorting (CPP #2) and retorted can cooling (CCP #3). Critical limits were established for these limits as follows: CCP# 1 – can seaming (body hook butting (BHB) > 75%, thickness rating (TR) > 75% and actual overlap (AO) > 1.1mm), CCP# 2 – retorting (120 -122°C for 60 minutes at a pressure of 1bar must be achieved during sterilization) and CCP# 3 – can cooling (incoming cooling water into the retort must be chlorinated to 3 - 4 ppm, residual chlorine content and after cooling, the discharge water should contain ≥ 0.5ppm residual chlorine content). Monitoring and verification procedures were developed for each CCP and corrective actions and record keeping systems have been established for the CCPs.

Behavioral Response and Acute Toxicity of Fingerlings of African Cat Fish, Clarias Gariepinus Exposed to Paraquat Dichloride

This study evaluated the behavioural response and toxicity of paraquat dichloride to fingerlings of Clariasgariepinus. The fishes were acclimatized for 14 days and exposed to sublethal concentration of 0.00 ppm, 16.56 ppm, 22.08 ppm, 27.60 ppm, 33.12 ppm and 38.64 ppm. A 24 hours’ renewal bioassay was adopted in this study. Results showed that the fishes exhibited change in swimming, opercular movement, body pigmentation, surfacing and air gulping. Mortality rate increased significantly at p<0.05 as the concentration of the toxicant increased as well as the exposure period. LC50 values at 24, 48, 72 and 96 were 59.95, 47.59, 38.12 and 26.18ppm, respectively. Based on the results, Paraquat dichloride users need to discard the remains of empty cans properly to avoid contamination. Also there is need to exercise caution when using paraquat dichloride based herbicides in agricultural fields close to surface water resources.

A Survey of the Relative Abundance of Mosquitoes in Their Preferred Breeding Micro-habitats in Refuse Dumps in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

Studies on the abundance and preferred breeding sites of mosquitoes in different larval micro-habitats of refuse disposal dumps in Owerri were carried out between April and December 2016. Mosquito larvae were collected twice a week using standard dipping method and reared to adult stage. Two thousand, nine hundred and eighty seven adult mosquitoes were harvested. They were identified morpho-metrically into different species using binocular stereomicroscopes and taxonomic identification keys. Eight species of mosquitoes were identified: Aedes aegypti (28%), Aedes albopictus (18.1%), Anopheles species (4.0%), Culex trigripes (16.0%), Culex quinquefasciatus (19.9%), Culex vittatus (5.3%), Eretampodite spp (4.8%) and Toxorhynchites spp (3.7%). The findings showed that blocked gutters, empty cans and ground pools favoured the breeding of mosquitoes. Highest abundance of mosquitoes in the study sites were recorded in Relief Market and Concord Area. The presence of mosquitoes in the refuse dump sites was observed throughout the year. This suggests why mosquito borne diseases like malaria are prevalent in the study area throughout the year. The implication of the findings and recommendations for implementation of proper and regular disposal of refuse are discussed.

Notes from a Last Man

Notes from a Last Man Barrett Swanson (bio) It was a belated wedding present. Early last January my wife and I were offered the chance to spend three months in Fort Lauderdale, a touristic city on Florida's southeastern edge, one that in the 1950s served as the nativity scene for the American Spring Break. Around that time, her grandfather bought an apartment four blocks from the ocean, and her family has been vacationing there ever since. The building is a squat midcentury complex with a stucco-white exterior, and in the shared courtyard out back there is a kidney-shaped pool cordoned off from onlookers with a hem of clacking palm trees. Most of the amenities inside the apartment haven't been updated since the Kennedy administration. There are turquoise couches and sun-faded curtains, terrazzo floors and senile kitchen appliances. My wife's grandfather would let us stay there in balmy reprieve from the bleak winter months of Wisconsin, where we'd been living for the past five years. Since both of us were teaching online that semester and thus had no fixed geographical commitments, we decided the trip might have a salutary effect and embarked on the cross-country trek at dawn on New Year's Day. I suppose the date carried some symbolic importance, a version of that old chestnut: a new year, a new you. Perhaps the tropical climate would render us porous to sunny influences and slacken our sense of self. Over the next forty-eight hours, we watched the tundra of the Midwest gradually defrost into the profligate greenery of Kentucky, noting the steady accretion of drawl among gas station attendants anytime we stopped to fuel up. Doing our best to scrimp, we spent our nights in budget motels with glowing marquees that whirred electrically near the roadside, advertising their amenities with an oddly poetic phrase: king beds openvacant hbo After two days, we finally crossed the Florida state line, entering a corridor of sugarcane and everglades where we were made to endure an endless parade of weather-battered billboards, signs that spoke of surf shops and alligator wrestling, but the promises seemed dubious with their bubbled fluorescent fonts. Somewhere south of Gainesville, we came across a billboard that offered a mortal riddle: texting while driving kills. for more driving tips text 'safety' to 79171. We reached the ocean by nightfall. The sky was rinsed with sherbet colors, the edges of distant clouds rimmed with a vulgar pink. I suppose I thought I'd feel relieved, that confronting the edge of the country might offer a bolt of fresh [End Page 72] enlightenment, some timely mitigation of mood. But I was worried because we had just crossed the entire continent and I didn't feel a thing. We parked along the boardwalk and piled out of the car, with chip wrappers and empty soda cans spilling from the open doors, to which we pretended to give chase. The shoreline was dimpled and forlorn, and as we watched the silver mulch of crashing waves, the moment soon acquired the breathy impressionism of a Terrence Malick film. For a few minutes, I gazed contemplatively at the horizon and felt my wife turn to me, her expression bright with anticipation. "How do you feel?" she said. "Good," I said. She raised an eyebrow, unconvinced. "Really good." ________ We needed a break from the Midwest. That was our public reason. Whenever friends or family members asked about our abrupt change of plans, we responded with stock answers, a litany of complaints—Wisconsin was too cold; we felt too isolated in our insular college town; plus, we hadn't taken a vacation in years. You have to understand that this kind of preemptive apology is necessary in the Midwest, where the dominant aesthetic is utilitarian, where suffering often takes on a Schopenhauerian inevitability. There, even the slightest indulgence will be interrogated if it's left unexplained. We were, in fact, due for a holiday. For the last five years I had been teaching English at a small Midwestern college, grading stacks of student papers riddled with bad logic and woeful syntax. On campus, I...

Technical openness in the formation of postmodernism Pop Art Example (An analytical study)

Addressed the problem of the research is marked (technical openness in the formation of post-modernism - Pop Art an Example) the nature of the technical expansion of the output artifacts postmodern, and the nature of the raw materials taken as components of its sensual. The search came in four sections: general framework for research and identified the research problem and the need for him. With an indication of the importance of his presence. From then select the search goal (revealed openness to hire technical material in the art of Pop Art), followed by the establishment of the three search limits (objectivity, the temporal and spatial) were then determine the terms related to the title. Then provide the theoretical framework and indicators that resulted from academic theorizing of the subject. The researcher has identified three addresses implied within this framework to ensure reading placed search according to the various frameworks tariff. Were as follows: technical introductions openness in modern art/ intellectual hypothalamus of the contemporary artist/ art Pop Art: Growing concept. The third chapter is devoted to the research procedures, through the detection studied society and the selected sample of it (4works) and then specify the search tool and determine the methodology, followed by an analysis of the sample. The fourth chapter included the search results, including:1. Detection model (1) that the technique does not rely solely on the components of the artwork, but extends to include support vocabulary as a verb exterior lighting and the shadows on the wall and the ground, as well as artwork.2. Foot model (2) and sensory broker subject for human consumption and engage then as technical supply the material composition developed, represented by empty cans that line up vertically in the middle of the artwork.3. View the artist's model (3) face another technique the formation of post - modernism, like the style of printing Professional (Silk screen) to contain details of a mock life for consumers of contemporary society.4. Detection model (4) for the machine in aid implementation clearly, away from pure manual capabilities, as in the business developed from the sample (models 1, 2, 3), which adopted the role of the manual.

Metal food packaging design based on hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) system in canned food safety

Abstract This study aims to design metal food packaging with hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP). First, theory of HACCP was introduced in detail. Taking empty cans provided by Wuxi Huapeng Food Packaging Company as an example, we studied migration of bisphenol compounds in coating of food can to food stimulant. Moreover, packaging design of luncheon meat can was taken as an example to confirm whether HACCP system could effectively control migration of phenolic substance. Results demonstrated that, coating of such empty were more likely to contain multiple bisphenol compounds such as bisphenol A (BPA), and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) was considered as the leading bisphenol pollutant; food stimulant of different types, storage temperature and time could all impact migration of bisphenol compounds. HACCP system was proved to be effective in controlling hazards of phenolic substance in luncheon meat can and could reduce various phenolic substance indexes to an acceptable range. Therefore, HACCP can control migration of phenolic substance and recontamination of food and thus ensure food safety.

What Works for Parents: How Parents Support Their Children with Math Homework in Rural Ghana

Family and Consumer Sciences programs target families in deprived rural and urban communities with the objective of equipping them with skills to improve family well-being, education, and relationships. In recent years, the focus of FCS in Ghana has been on parental styles and education that foster parents’ involvement in their children's school work. Using a child-parent interactive model, a series of math activities were delivered to children between the ages of 6 and 10 years. Group activities were also facilitated by the FCS staff. Parents used local materials, such as small empty cans, bottles, leaves, stones, sticks, old newspapers, and sand, to explain math concepts. Staff, parents, and children used fun activities and role plays to demonstrate developmental processes that enhance effective child development. The lessons identified were tied to the understanding of appropriate parenting styles that foster acquisition of skills for basic math concepts. Parents reported increased interest and confidence in math and were more proactive in supervising their children to complete their homework. The importance of the model lies in its simplicity in conveying fundamental knowledge that relates to the interwoven aspect of developmental domains to ensure children experience maximal success with math-related activities.

Backward as well as forward sluing

Backward as well as forward sluing Erin Coughlin Hollowell (bio) I’ve been saving little boxes, empty cans, jars that held olives or mustard, envelopes, broken flower pots and especially beautiful bottles that were dug out of the dump. Soon I’ll begin putting things by: the goose that liked to bite your ankles, Aunt Hilda’s Parliament cigarettes, the crinkling brown wrappers from a Whitman’s Sampler, a forty-year-old lock of my hair tied with red ribbon, the way you say I love you, too when you aren’t sure who I am, the letters that Dad sent you during World War II, porcelain angels, and pictures of us squinting into sunlight or leaning on huge old cars in empty parking lots. I’ll tuck little pieces of years deep in the drawer where I keep my socks, just so when I am alone [End Page 96] at the table, I can crack open a bottle and smell the sweet of your cheek when you kissed me goodnight, the sheets clean and smooth, darkness still an hour away. [End Page 97] Erin Coughlin Hollowell Erin Coughlin Hollowell is a poet and writer who lives at the end of the road in Homer, Alaska. Her first collection, Pause, Traveler, was published by Boreal Books, an imprint of Red Hen Press. She has been awarded a Rasmuson Fellowship, the Connie Boochever Award, and a Rona Jaffe Scholarship to Bread Loaf. Hollowell was one of the inaugural recipients of the Alaska Literary Award in 2014. Copyright © 2015 University of Nebraska Press

When We Were We

When We Were We Nii Ayikwei Parkes (bio) Kwame utters un-Ghanaian things like “sweet as a chocha” and “my plates are killing me.” They are from a mixed bag of international slang he uses to pepper his conversations. No one is able to place him with ease. Whenever I confront him about his language, he says, “I’m a Ghanaian so everything I say is fucking Ghanaian,” and I say, “See what I mean? You can’t say the f-word casually like that. My mother would slap you. Your own mother would slap you.” “Well, we are not going to see them, are we?” He holds my gaze. Last week, I told him I’ve been thinking of going home. I’m tired of cold London mornings; of sweeping streets from 5am, having to negotiate with tramps who call me f-ing immigrant or nigger as I collect empty beer cans around them; then the lifting and shifting job—where Harry compliments me on my English and says, “I’m not being funny, yeah, but do you have a big dick?”—until 2pm; four hours sleep, then cooking, eating, and studying for a degree I already have under a different name; and a short nap before the shelf-stacking gig from 1-4am. “Really?” he said, and went back to playing that FIFA football game on his Playstation. Kwame, unlike me, has decided not to study. He met a girl who worked at a market research call center while clubbing in Essex. Three days later, he left our shelf-stacking job at Iceland to go and work at the call center. He is a shift manager now. On Mondays, Tuesdays, and Thursdays—days when I don’t do lifting and shifting—I come in at 7:30am to change for uni and find him still sleeping beneath the large map of Zimbabwe that graces the wall of his day bedroom. He seems content with life. We are not the kind of Africans who cross the Sahara and traverse an ocean in some tricky vessel to get to Europe. We are too well educated for that, but we know several Sahara-crossing Africans. One of our friends, Manu, from Benin, came to the United Kingdom from Italy, complete with Sicilian gestures, fleeing—he claims—a family whose daughter he impregnated. He met her in a club where he worked at the bar and did security on weekends. We met him at our local pub, The Duke of Wellington. When we ask if the family is a Mafia family he says he doesn’t think so. He insists he is a responsible Muslim man so he sends money for the child by Western Union; the money is collected on the Piazza Vittorio Veneto on the fifth day of every month, without fail. “The boy is also called Vittorio,” he informs us with a smile. Manu is in London with no problems because he has an Italian passport, but we still have problems. Kwame and I knew exactly where we wanted to go when we decided to leave Ghana. From what we had been told, what we had read in the brochures at the British Council, from what we could glean from films, London was occasionally rough (Lock, Stock and [End Page 1107] Two Smoking Barrels), but nevertheless a place of unbelievable opportunity (My Fair Lady, Love Actually). We spoke the language, we worked hard, we had good degrees, so that’s where we were going. When we were refused visas the first time and the British High Commission kept our money, we were bitter for weeks, months, until our friend Hakeem said, “Why are you worried? Just get new passports and apply again. Learn from your mistakes. A birth certificate costs about nothing to get.” He was right. Any details changed on a birth certificate make you a new person. Kwame applied for a one-year visa although he only had an interview for a Masters in Psychology. Naive. I didn’t have enough money in my account to prove that I could fend for myself over my proposed six-week holiday. I calculated my costs based on Naked. It...