Principles Of Empowerment Research Articles

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Berbasis Agropreneur dalam Mengatasi Pengangguran di Desa Gerupuk Kabupaten Lombok Tengah

The aimed of this study was to describe the implementation of an agropreneur-based community empowerment program through training in snapper cultivation in Gerupuk village. The research method used is descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The data sources of this study include program managers, instructors, and citizens of learning. The instrument of this study was the researchers themselves with the help of interview, observation, and documentation guidelines. Analysis of the data in this study used qualitative data analysis techniques with interactive models. The results of this study indicate that implementing an agropreneur-based community empowerment program through entrepreneurship training in snapper fish in Gerupuk village has been well implemented and in accordance with the principle of participatory empowerment. The stages of program management include planning, organizing, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating programs. The results of the program, namely the learning community can apply their knowledge to entrepreneurship in groups which has implications for improving the standard of living.

ASSESSMENT OF LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTISE IN PROMOTING HEALTHCARE AMONG HEALTH CLINIC ADVISORY PANEL IN KUALA SELANGOR

In 1978, in Alma Ata Declaration and Ottawa Charter (1986), World Health Organization has highlighted their vision in health promotion is about principles of participation and empowerment. In 1994, HCAP has been introducing by Malaysia Ministry of Health as a channel to help the community to get an information regarding health and also to get health services such as health screening program, defaulter tracing program and home medical assessment review program. A cross-sectional survey of a random 36 Health Clinic Advisory Panel has been selected has been conducted in 2017. Questionnaire from Individual-Community Related Empowerment has been used to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding healthcare. All the data has been analysed used SPSS Statistics 21. On the demographic data, sample gender stat higher on a male with 52.8% (n:19) meanwhile on the second components in demographics are sample age, 30.9% (29) have come from age of 19 – 59 years old group. For the level of education, 69.2% stated are from secondary level and the last components in demographic data are sample income 77.8% (n:28) stated monthly income more than Rm 3001 per month. For assessment of level KAP. From the data analysed all components of knowledge stated 94.33%. Meanwhile, in attitude components show 96.26% and practice show 93%. An average percentage is 94.5% which from this study showed HCAP members have good knowledge, attitude, and practice in promoting healthcare.

La Grande Ecole du Numérique : en quête d’empowerment ? Une approche par les capacités

Le programme « Grande Ecole du numérique » (GEN) est né à la faveur d’une annonce en février 2015 du Président de la République de l’époque, François Hollande. Le programme vise à structurer sur l’ensemble du territoire national une offre de formation au numérique diversifiée, incarnée par des « fabriques du numérique » supposées fonctionner sur le principe de l’empowerment. Le présent article s’appuie sur une enquête, débutée en 2016, conduite au sein de deux dispositifs de formation de ce type, tous deux portés par un établissement d’enseignement supérieur : la Passerelle Numérique à Marseille et la Design Tech académie à Saint-Etienne. En proposant de suivre les parcours de formation des jeunes adultes engagés dans ces dispositifs, l’article vise à interroger les conditions d’acquisition des compétences numériques par les publics ciblés, en tâchant de qualifier au plus près les types d’épreuves qu’ils rencontrent et les formes d’empowerment auxquelles elles donnent lieu.

МОДЕЛІ СОЦІАЛЬНОГО ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ В КОНТЕКСТІ ОСОБИСТІСНО-ОРІЄНТОВАНОЇ ПАРАДИГМИ

This paper analyzes main features of social recovery models, developed within the frameworks of Person-centered paradigm. Person- centeredness is an increasingly common public health and social care concept, that is used to describe a standard of care that ensures that the patient / client is at the center of care delivery. There is no single definition of person-centered care, rather we can find such terms as patient- centered, family-centered, user-centered, individualized. But irrespective of the terms used, a lot of research has looked at what matters to patients and how to provide personalized care to ensure that people have a good experience. Person-centered recovery depends on a number of aspects, in particular: the values of people and placing people at the center of care, taking into account the desires of people and the needs they have chosen, ensuring that people are emotionally comfortable and secure with family and friends, ensuring that people have access to the appropriate care they need, when and where they need to ensure that people receive all the care they need. Main principles of person-centered approach are: recognizing dignity, giving respect and compassion to service users and providers; collaboration with the individual, their family and staff in care planning and assessment; enabling systems and services to help people recognize and build on their own strengths, preferences and objectives in order to realize their full potential. One of the strongest and most methodologically grounded models built in the person-oriented framework is the Comprehensive Rehabilitation Approach (CARe), developed by Dirk den Hollander and Jean Pierre Wilken. The model is based on psychological rehabilitation, recovery and empowerment principles, and is intended to support individuals in their personal development. CARe works with the client in three domains: meeting quality of life wishes and objectives; overcoming insecurity and increasing strength; gaining access to ideal environments and optimizing the quality of life of living environments and social networks.

Omani Nursing Students Empowerment

Objectives: The study aims to determine the psychological and structural empowerment of student nurses from selected nursing university in Oman. Methods: A total of 94 nursing students were recruited by systematic sampling choosing at Sultan Qaboos University. The level of psychological empowerment in terms of meaning, competence, self-determination, and impact structural empowerment of student nurses in terms of access to opportunity, support, information, and resources were investigated with a self-designed questionnaire. Results: The overall mean in the Psychological Empowerment Scale was 37.54 (SD = 8.85, range = 20 – 57). Age, gender, and type of BSN program were associated with the students’ perception on impact, while the perceived competence was associated with the students’ academic level. Age had a small positive correlation with the dimension impact (r = 0.25, p = .016). Female students (M = 3.17, SD = 0.99) had better perceptions of impact compared with male students (M = 2.65, SD = 1.05, t = -2.00, p = .049). Moreover, students in the Bridging program (M = 3.67, SD = 1.03) reported better perceptions on impact compared with students in the regular program (M = 2.97, SD = 0.98, t = -2.44, p = .017). Regarding the dimension competence, 4th-year students (M = 3.10, SD = 0.66) perceived their competence more positively than 3rd-year students (M = 2.61, SD = 0.38, p = .002). Age had a small positive correlation with the dimensions of informal power (r = 0.21, p = .042). Students in the bridging program reported better perception of the dimensions resources (t = -2.17, p = .033), and support (t = -2.17, p = .033) than students in the regular BSN program. A borderline significance was found on the dimension informal power, where bridging program students reported better perceptions than regular BSN students (t = -1.94, p = .056). Finally, 2nd year BSN students reported higher perceived support compared with students in the 4th year (p = .038). Conclusions: This study is an eye-opener to areas in the school of nursing that have been neglected and underdeveloped for the effective performance of nurses, particularly with the issue of empowerment. This study was able to show that, it is paramount for nursing to understand the principles of empowerment. It was also able to express the need for nurses to have the liberty to exercise their authority in decision making. Rather than neglecting or seeing the nurses as incompetent, proper training, exposure, information and education should be given. A reasonable task should be assigned, and some level of power delegated, to give them a sense of belonging. It is clear from this study that age is immaterial in relationship to experience. The more experienced individual should be assigned to appropriate duties, irrespective of age. Fairness and equity should be given to all professionals without marginalization. This will promote good, effective, and competent staff in the hospital and also minimize casualties in the long run.

Demonstrating the value of community development: An inclusive evaluation capacity building approach in a non-profit Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander organisation

Inclusive, culturally safe, appropriate and relevant ways of evaluating that contribute to better outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders that can be communicated to a wide audience are urgently needed. An Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander non-profit community development organisation, Indigenous Community Volunteers (ICV), has transformed towards this goal by intentionally building evaluation capacity over the past 4 years. ICV now incorporates participatory monitoring and evaluation approaches into the community development practices of the organisation to improve measurement and capture outcomes with communities. The principles of inclusion, flexibility, empowerment, ownership and effective communication were essential to the transformation. This article shares how ICV developed evaluation capacity in an inclusive and culturally appropriate way and the results of an independent assessment of the value of the process. ICV’s journey of change and the methodology used to make the assessment may be useful for other organisations or individuals working with community development organisations.

Partnership model for small industry in cluster perspective in encouraging regional development (case study on some small industries in Jambi City)

This study aims to analyze: 1)the profile of the small industry clusters in Jambi City, those are batik industry cluster, tofu/tempeh industry cluster and furniture industry cluster; 2)the collaboration/partnership between various business actors and other parties in small industry cluster in Jambi Cityworks;3) aneffective partnership models for small industry clusters. This research is a collective case study (survey and case study). The analysis was carried out on the profile of the small industry cluster and the partnership between various industrial groups in the small industry cluster.The results of the study showedthat Jambi Cityhas potential for the development of small industries. Itcan be seen from the development of business and employment in small industries. Based on the partnership between industry groups, in Batik industry cluster and tofu/tempe industry cluster, it showed the existence of upstream partnership to the source of raw materials, downstream partnership to the consumers, and partnership with supporting industries. In terms of pattern, the partnerships are directed towards traditional partnerships which are based on trust. Meanwhile in the furniture industry cluster, there is no partnership at all, both upstream and downstream, as well as partnership with the supporting industries. However, the partnerships have not been effective. For this reason, it is necessary to build a partnership in small industry cluster that pays attention to the principle of mutual benefit, equality, legality, empowerment, and social capital.Keywords: Small industry cluster, effective partnership,regional developmentJEL Classification: L22, L26, L52INTRODUCTIONMSMEs in general and small industries in particular are one of the drivers for regional economic growthuntil now. It can be seenfromthe role of MSMEs in their contribution to GRDP and employment opportunities for a region. However, in its development, small industries are stillfaced with various problems so that they have not been able to provide optimal contributions to the economy of a region. Various problems faced by small industries today are related to capital, market access and limited facilities and infrastructure for the development of small industries (Lestari, 2010).Given the roleof MSMEsand problems faced by MSMEs, especially of small industries, the government has made various efforts in order to encourage the development of these small industries, one of them through cluster approach. In general,Nugroho et al. (2008) definedindustrial clusters as a network of interrelated industrial

Can Communication-And-Resolution Programs Achieve Their Potential? Five Key Questions.

Communication-and-resolution programs (CRPs) are intended to promote accountability, transparency, and learning after adverse events. In this article we address five key challenges to the programs' future success: implementation fidelity, the evidence base for CRPs and their link to patient safety, fair compensation of harmed patients, alignment of CRP design with participants' needs, and public policy on CRPs. While the field has arrived at an understanding of the core communication-and-resolution practices, limited adherence fuels skepticism that programs are meeting the needs of patients and families who have been injured by care or improving patient safety. Adherence to communication-and-resolution practices could be enhanced by adopting measures of CRP quality and implementing programs in a comprehensive, principled, and systematic manner. Of particular importance is offering fair compensation to patients in CRPs and supporting their right to attorney representation. There is evidence that the use of CRPs reduces liability costs, but research on other outcomes is limited. Additional research is especially needed on the links between CRPs and quality and on the programs' alignment with patients' and families' needs. By honoring principles of transparency, quality improvement, and patient and family empowerment, organizations can use their CRPs to help revitalize the medical profession.

التمكین كمحور للتنمیة البشریة لمواجهة التحدیات المعاصرة للشباب في المجتمعات العربیة

Empowerment means giving people the powers and responsibilities,encouraging them to participate and taking the appropriate decisions and giving them thefreedom and confidence to do their work without the direct intervention of theadministration, so it is primarily concerned with documenting the relationship betweenthe administration and the employees, and helping to motivate them and participate indecision-making and break the administrative and organizational stalemate. Whichmakes the interest in the principle of youth empowerment an essential element for thesuccess of countries and organizations in facing contemporary challenges.

IGUALDADE DE PODER ENTRE HOMENS E MULHERES: REFLEXÕES A PARTIR DA AGENDA 2030 DA ONU

O assunto “empoderamento” da mulher tem sido bastante discutido nos últimos tempos e traz à tona questões sobre desenvolvimento e liberdade, elementos primordiais para a emancipação dos indivíduos, visando à expansão de suas capacidades. O presente trabalho faz uma reflexão sobre Objetivo número 5, ODS nº 5, da Agenda 2030 da Organização das Nações Unidas, ONU, ressaltando sua importância para o desenvolvimento das mulheres e, portanto, para o seu “empoderamento”. Para a discussão dos tópicos constantes no ODS 5 apoiou-se em Amartya Sen, entre outros autores, a partir de sua reflexão sobre a liberdade, e em outro documento da ONU sobre os princípios do empoderamento da mulher. As conclusões apontam para a necessidade de políticas públicas e programas que devem ir além das áreas de saúde, educação e garantia de melhores condições de vida, uma vez que é necessário promover políticas para a igualdade de poder e ocupação de espaços políticos.

PEMBERDAYAAN PETERNAK AYAM RAS PEDAGING SISTEM KEMITRAANDENGAN PENGUATAN KOMITMEN KERJASAMA INTI-PLASMA

Broiler agribusiness is currently leading to consolidation of farmers and broiler industries with a contract farming partnership. The broiler industry that implements cooperation between plasma/farmers and the nucleus/large integrators has yet improve the welfare of small-scale farmers. In fact, farmers are more accepting risks than getting profits and so that it is not accordance with the principles of partnership and empowerment. Basically, farmers need the commitment of stakeholders to support their empowerment. The method to encourage strengthening of stakeholder’scommitments starting from: (a) The Government or stakeholders initiating meetings between farmers and local integrator to discuss evaluating the implementation of contract farming partnership; (b) The government monitors the local integrators to make a fair cooperation contract or memorandum of understanding; (c) Periodic monitoring of contract farming partnership agreements, such as procurement of inputs, management and outputs; (d) Implementing integrated assistance where stakeholders are involved.

Two approaches, one goal: How mental health registered nurses' perceive their role and the role of peer support workers in facilitating consumer decision-making.

Recovery-oriented principles underpin modern-day mental health care and are enhanced by consumer participation in decision-making. Understanding how consumer participation can be maximized is central to promoting recovery-oriented care. This study explored the key strategies used by mental health registered nurses and perceived by nurses to be used by peer support workers in facilitating consumer decision-making to determine similarities, differences, and possible tensions. A qualitative descriptive approach using semi-structured interviews was conducted with nine nurses employed in mental health care. Thematic analysis was conducted using open coding. Frequency of views expressed and prevalence of these amongst participants were noted to determine the most common strategies and challenges. Registered nurses use strategies aimed at empowerment, self-management, and managing expectations to facilitate decision-making but are challenged by entrenched coercion within the system. These same nurses view peer support workers as using their lived experience to build rapport, role model, and advocate for consumers. Tensions arise in how the peer support workers' lived experience should be used and how this impacts on professional and therapeutic boundaries. Nurses expressed support for the role of peer support workers and viewed their inclusion in facilitating consumer decision-making positively. Their own role is perceived as being caught between modern-day service principles of empowerment and long-standing practices based on coercion.

Analysis of the Expression of Empowering Education under Conditions of Educational Inclusion

In the research, the empowerment strategy application efficiency is analysed in the context of the construct of inclusive education, taking into account that the application of an empowerment strategy in the education process often determines the nature of interpersonal interaction as well. The research question raised: in what manner does the application of empowerment strategy encourage inclusive education processes?
 The research was carried out by means of qualitative case study strategy. The object of analysis is the socio-educational experience of one class teacher. The data was collected via diary method. In her diary, the teacher reflects on her experiences in the following fields: education design, co-operation experiences, response to pupils’ needs, education process and environment, and curriculum.
 It was revealed that various activities of pupil empowerment in the education process (setting rules, autonomous formulation of goals, progressive problem solving, information sharing) serve as a basis for the realization of inclusive education and are directly linked to various dimensions of the construct of the given education system. The activation process of inclusive education values benefits from clearly defining the limits to interpersonal actions through systematic reflection on community situations, discussion on pupils’ creative activities, and involving pupils in solving problematic organizational issues within the community. Enabling pupils to continuously participate in solving matters of the learning community allows to avoid the indoctrination of values and creates conditions to internalize the values of community spirit and respect through the recognition of differences between community members as a natural phenomenon.
 Research results show that the construct of empowering education provides preconditions to involve the pupils into the activities of planning, implementing, and evaluating the education process. Conscious formulation of educational goals in the context of a learning community together with others, as well as taking decisions towards those goals accumulate energy needed to carry out activities and overcome problems, and provide encouragement to plan new, higher, goals.
 The research reveals that the following two types of empowerment principles are applied in the process of inclusive education: direct empowerment – positive generalizations; information presented openly; providing freedom to decide and accepting the decision; indirect empowerment – demonstrating the teacher’s interest; encouragement; creating conditions to look for solutions; teacher’s contribution to the pupil’s successful result; search for solutions in groups. In order to achieve the realization of inclusive education in schools, it is obligatory to shift from instruction oriented teaching of pupils to trust-based empowerment of the pupils to learn.

The Influence of the Characteristics of the National Business System in the Disclosure of Gender-Related Corporate Social Responsibility Practices

We analysed the influence of the characteristics of national business systems on the disclosure of gender-related corporate social responsibility practices by 150 companies in Latin America that signed the Declaration of Support for Women’s Empowerment Principles. The highest level of disclosure was related to the establishment of high-level corporate leadership for gender equality. Results show that the country’s level of “concentration of power” and “individualism”, and the “orientation towards femininity” have a negative influence on the disclosure of gender-related practices; in addition, the country’s level of “economic development” and the “pressure of unions” exert a positive influence. The results highlight the important role that some national and local institutions play in the women’s empowerment, leading companies to report information on adopted practices. The study innovates and contributes by introducing the explanation of gender-related social disclosure with the national business system approach in Latin America.

Reconceptualization of Empowerment Principles by Banking in Supporting Small and Medium Enterprises According to Law No. 20 of 2008 Concerning SMEs

In the economy, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are the business groups that have the largest number of business actors. In addition, this group has proven to be resistant to various kinds of shocks from the economic crisis. It is very important to strengthen the SME group that involves many parties because the SME sector contributes greatly to employment. The criteria for businesses included in SMEs have been regulated under the legal umbrella based on the law, especially Law No. 20 of 2008 concerning SMEs. This study aims to determine the role of banking in empowering SMEs by using the empowerment principle as stated in Law No. 20 of 2008 concerning SMEs. Law No. 20 of 2008 concerning SMEs provides a foundation and an important role for banks and financial institutions in funding and empowering SMEs. In accordance with the principle of empowerment, a broader effort is needed to foster a business climate by establishing laws and policies covering aspects of funding. From an empowerment perspective, banks indirectly play a role in driving the community's economy by channeling funds to the real sector in society. Further, the development of the SME sector will be able to absorb more workers, improve the welfare of the working community the workforce, reduce unemployment, and ultimately alleviate poverty. Abstrak Dalam perekonomian, Usaha Kecil dan Menengah (UKM) merupakan kelompok usaha yang memiliki jumlah pelaku usaha terbesar. Selain itu, kelompok ini terbukti tahan terhadap berbagai macam goncangan akibat krisis ekonomi. Penguatan kelompok UKM yang melibatkan banyak pihak ini sangat penting karena sektor UKM memberikan kontribusi besar dalam penyerapan tenaga kerja. Kriteria usaha yang termasuk dalam UKM telah diatur dalam payung hukum berdasarkan undang-undang, khususnya Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2008 tentang UKM. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran perbankan dalam pemberdayaan UMKM dengan menggunakan prinsip pemberdayaan sebagaimana tertuang dalam UU No. 20 Tahun 2008 tentang UMKM. Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2008 tentang UKM memberikan landasan dan peran penting bagi bank dan lembaga keuangan dalam pembiayaan dan pemberdayaan UKM. Sesuai dengan asas pemberdayaan, diperlukan upaya yang lebih luas untuk menumbuhkan iklim usaha dengan menetapkan peraturan perundang-undangan dan kebijakan yang mencakup aspek pendanaan. Dari sisi pemberdayaan, dengan menyalurkan dana ke sektor riil di masyarakat, secara tidak langsung bank berperan dalam menggerakkan perekonomian masyarakat. Selanjutnya, pengembangan sektor UKM akan mampu menyerap lebih banyak tenaga kerja, meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat pekerja dalam angkatan kerja, mengurangi pengangguran dan pada akhirnya mengentaskan kemiskinan. Kata kunci: Rekonseptualisasi, Prinsip Pemberdayaan, UKM, Bank

From Asymmetric to Polycentric Development: Pattern, Distribution and Stakeholder Analysis of Community Empowerment Program in Batu, Indonesia

This article discuss at investigating the patterns, distribution, and stakeholders involved in the community empowerment program in Batu, East Java, Indonesia. By using the combination of Arc GIS (Geographic Information System) and Stakeholder Analysis, the community empowerment in Batu shows pragmatic and autocratic empowerment patterns. Besides, the community empowerment program in Batu is divided into 2 categories, namely exist/receive and does not exist/does not receive. The existing condition of empowerment program spreads unevenly. To deal with the issue, it is important to consider the Polycentric Development, which allows each region to have a Village Empowerment Center for equitable development. The city government has so far been the most dominant stakeholders in the empowerment program in Batu. Nevertheless, there are many other stakeholders starting to appear, such as private sectors and NGO, actors/individuals and media contributions, and universities. For recommendation, Government, private sectors, and non-governmental organizations can accommodate the principles of psychological empowerment, so that the empowerment is not only seen as a pragmatic-authoritarian impression. This principle is important because it can emotionally (intrapersonal) see someone’s capacity to bring influence in making social changes and decisions. Communities as people who are exposed to empowerment programs need to actively increase participation. The next researcher can emphasize the stakeholder analysis on the collaboration and social networking patterns among them.

Mapeamento de questões afirmativas de gênero: um estudo documental do setor empresarial em diferentes setores produtivos

The present study aimed to map the application of affirmative gender policies in the formation of new corporate values. The study discussed women's history of struggle over the years, the main points of the feminist movement and its claims, the achievement of the rights of women and trade union movements, and their interaction with the social clauses of collective bargaining. The research carried out had a qualitative and exploratory approach. The method consisted in the analysis of content using bibliographical and documentary research carried out through consultations of the technical reports of companies and public and private institutions. The research used data available to the public of organizations from four productive sectors: extractive, financial, consumer goods and services. The selection resulted in a sample of 06 companies with a temporal cut from 2014 to 2016. The analysis consisted of the mapping of affirmative gender policies for the formation of new corporate values from the point of view of Corporate Social Responsibility and its interaction with stakeholders through participation of the companies in the Gender Equality and Race Program, the commitment made between the organizations with the Global Pact and the principles of women's empowerment of ONU Women. The main conclusion of the study was that the voluntary participation of companies in the PPEGR and Global Pact encourages the sharing of good practice and affirmative action results for the entire business community. As a result, this work contributes to the construction of participatory dialogue that contributes to the transformation of organizational culture and to the formation of new corporate values, favoring female empowerment in job market.

Divulgação de informações sociais Relativas a Gênero pelas empresas Brasileiras Signatárias dos Women’s Empowerment Principles

Given the presence of women in jobs that are less prone to benefits, it is natural for organizations to seek to encourage gender equity. Of particular note is the Women’s Empowerment Principles (WEP) initiative, developed by the UN. We analyzed the 99 companies based in Brazil whose CEO signed the Declaration of Support for WEP, assuming that WEP signatories have a high level of dissemination of information on practices implemented seeking gender equity.

ممارسة مبادئ الحوكمة في الجامعات السعودية الناشئة والصعوبات التي تواجهها من وجهة نظر عمداء الكليات والعمادات المساندة

هدفت هذه الدراسة الکشف عن درجة ممارسة مبادئ الحوکمة في الجامعات السعودية الناشئة ، والوقوف على الصعوبات التي تواجه ممارستها من وجهة نظر عمداء الکليات والعمادات المساندة ، وما إذا کانت هناک فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى الدلالة (α =0.05) بين استجابات أفراد عينة الدراسة حول ممارسة مبادئ الحوکمة والصعوبات التي تواجهها تعزى لمتغير الجامعة . اعتمدت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي، ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة، تم تصميم استبانة مکونة من محورين هما: درجة ممارسة مبادئ الحوکمة وتکون من ثلاثين فقرة موزعة بنسب متفاوتة على مجالات الشفافية ، المساءلة ، المشارکة الفعالة ، التمکين الوظيفي والمحور الثاني الصعوبات التي تواجه ممارسة مبادئ الحوکمة ، وتکون من إحدى عشرة فقرة. تکونت عينة الدراسة من (55) عميدا. وقد أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن درجة ممارسة مبادئ الحوکمة في الجامعات السعودية کانت بدرجة متوسطة بمتوسط حسابي بلغ (2.85) ؛ إذ جاءت درجة ممارسة مبدأ التمکين في المرتبة الأولى، بدرجة متوسطة، وجاءت درجة ممارسة مبدأ الشفافية في المرتبة الثانية بدرجة متوسطة ، وجاءت ممارسة مبدأ المشارکة الفعالة في المرتبة الثالثة ، بدرجة متوسطة ؛ في حين جاءت ممارسة مبدأ المساءلة في المرتبة الأخيرة بدرجة متوسطة ، وبمتوسط حسابي بلغ ( 2.72) . کما أظهرت النتائج أن ممارسة مبادئ الحوکمة في الجامعات السعودية الحکومية الناشئة تواجه صعوبات بدرجة کبيرة ، وهي: قدم وجمود أنظمة ولوائح التعليم الجامعي ، والهياکل التنظيمية في الجامعة غير قادرة على تفعيل نظام الحوکمة ، الافتقار إلى نظام محدد للحوکمة داخل الجامعة ؛ في حين أظهرت النتائج عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية حول درجة ممارسة مبادئ الحوکمة في الجامعات الناشئة والصعوبات التي تواجه ممارستها تعزى لمتغير الجامعة. ، وفي ضوء نتائج الدراسة، يوصي الباحث،ببناء نظام واضح ومحدد ومتکامل لتفعيل مبادئ الحوکمة ، تحديث تشريعات وأنظمة التعليم الجامعي ، توسيع مشارکة مخرجات الجامعة وأصحاب العمل في عملية تطوير البرامج التعليمة. The study aimed at revealing the degree of practice of the principles of governance in the Newestablished Saudi universities, so as to find out the difficulties facing their practice frome point of view of the deans of the faculties as well as from the supporting deanships and whether there were statistically significant differences at the level of (α = 0.05) The practice of the principles of governance and the difficulties it facing due to the variability of university. The study adopted the descriptive method. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire was designed consisting of two pillars: the degree of the exercise of the principles of governance, which consists of thirty paragraphs divided in varying degrees on the areas of transparency, accountability, active participation, functional empowerment and the second axis is the difficulties that face the practicing of the governance principles. It consists of eleven paragraphs. The study sample consisted of (55) deans. The results of the study showed that the degree of practicing the principles of governance in Saudi universities was medium with an average of (2.85). The degree of practice of the principle of empowerment came first, with a medium degree, and the degree of transparency practiced in the second place to a medium degree. The practice of the principle of active participation came in third place with a medium degree. Whereas the practicing of the account principle come last reaching (2.72). The results also showed that there are some difficulties in practicing the principles of governance in the new established Saudi government universities is very difficult: The stagnation of university education systems and regulations, as well as the organizational structures of the university unable to activate the system of governance, the lack of a specific system of governance within the university; There are statistically significant differences regarding the degree of practicing the principles of governance in the emerging universities and the difficulties facing their practice due to the university variable. The results also show that there is no variable of statistic indication the degree of the practicing of the governance principles .Up on the light of the results of the study, the researcher recommends building a clear, specific and integrated system to activate the principles of governance, updating the legislation and regulations of university education, expanding the participation of university.outputs and employers in the development of educational programs

Diagnosing institutional logics in partnerships and how they evolve through institutional bricolage: Insights from soybean and cassava value chains in Ghana

Trade globalisation and climate change pose new challenges for food security in Africa. To unlock smallholder productivity, more understanding is needed of the institutional context and the role of development interventions, such as partnerships, in the food sector. This article proposes institutional logics as a theory and methodology for institutional diagnosis to gain insight into context-embedded negotiation and change processes created by project-based partnership interventions. We analyse the institutional logics of organisations active in the development of two value chains in Ghana to subsequently show how, in partnerships, these logics are negotiated in light of the objectives and interests of the intervention. The main findings are that donors, with their market and professionalisation logics, are quite influential, but many other development actors still adhere to principles of grassroots empowerment and social security. In the evolving partnership process, market logic remains strong, but coupled with institutional logics endorsing farmer empowerment and solidarity with the resource-poor. This is done in a process of bricolage in which field level implementers go against the dominant logic of project initiators: showing that newly introduced development logics are mitigated by an existing local structure fostering other development logics. The broader implication is that new development paradigms may need a considerable transition period to become mainstream. The concepts of institutional logics and bricolage as a diagnostic tool allow researchers to characterise the adherence to and blending of institutional logics by actors. This tool helps to understand the mobilisation strategy of the initiator and to follow the negotiation of logics that takes place amongst partners in partnerships. Detailed insights into the blending of potential partners’ logics, pathways of negotiation processes and the plausible outcomes enable development practitioners to strategically prepare and manage their collaborative interventions.