Empowerment Policy Research Articles

Efektivitas Implementasi Pemberdayaan Masyarakat di Lingkungan Perguruan Tinggi dalam Mendukung Dampak Pembangunan Berkelanjutan

The purpose of this study is to discuss how the implementation of community empowerment supports sustainable impacts. The research method uses a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques through interviews and observation. Data analysis includes reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The results of the research show that the implementation of community empowerment policies in tertiary institutions in supporting the impact of sustainable development has not been fully effective. Achievement of the level of effectiveness was only achieved in the aspect of the degree of change in the target group and the quality of the implementation process, while in the aspect of the final result/impact of the implementation it was still not in accordance with the desired expectations. The research findings show that the concept or formulation of community empowerment policies is still very much dependent on initiation from the university so that the orientation of the community is not yet fully in the context of actual empowerment so that the outcomes or outputs impacting the implementation of empowerment policies are still not sustainable. On the other hand, even though changes in the target group and the quality of the implementation process have shown improvement, they still require efforts that are holistic in nature in encouraging an effective implementation impact.

“Are your employees mentally prepared for the pandemic?” Wellbeing-oriented human resource management practices in a developing country

Employees are the most valuable asset of any service business because of its human-centric nature. However, in the crisis situations, the human side in crisis management strategy, particularly in the areas of human resource management is largely overlooked. The present study explores how human resource management (HRM) practices in the pre-crisis stage could build a good foundation of psychological capital (PsyCap) for tourism and hospitality staff to be mentally resilient during the COVID-19 pandemic. Grounded on the conservation of resource (COR) theory, research hypotheses are developed and then empirically tested using a sample of 760 employees in various tourism and hospitality companies. Research outcomes demonstrate that wellbeing-oriented HRM policies (specifically employee development and employee empowerment policies) in the pre-crisis stage increases employee PsyCap during the pandemic, leading to the preservation of their wellbeing. More importantly, employees’ family financial burden is found as a moderating factor, altering the influences of HRM policies on employee PsyCap and their in-crisis wellbeing. Therefore, wellbeing-oriented HRM could be part of crisis preparedness strategy for tourism and hospitality businesses as well as crucial element of the internal corporate social responsibility portfolio in tourism and hospitality businesses. In developing countries, where less financial support and fewer job security policies are available during crises than in the developed world, the application of wellbeing-oriented HRM becomes even more critical.

Does employee empowerment moderate the effect of situational and dispositional variables on emotional exhaustion differently? The COVID-19 crisis context

Purpose Building on the conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study aims to investigate employee empowerment’s moderation effect on the relationship of situational (job satisfaction, affective commitment) and dispositional (positive affectivity, emotional intelligence) variables toward the emotional exhaustion of service employees amidst the pandemic. Design/methodology/approach In total, 288 service employees from various sectors in Indonesia participate as the study’s respondents. This study applies a two-stage structural equation modeling approach to test the hypotheses. Findings The results show that employee empowerment moderates situational and dispositional variables differently. While employee empowerment significantly influences situational variables, a different situation is found on dispositional variables, that employee empowerment does not significantly influence these variables. This study’s findings portray the COR theory in practice and clarify the importance of employee empowerment for employees with particular attributions. Research limitations/implications The present study bears four limitations: the cross-sectional design; no exploration of dispositional and situational variables’ antecedents; the findings are limited to the service workers; and lastly, this study only takes Indonesian samples. Practical implications From a practical perspective, this study reveals which type of service employees are responsive to empowerment policy and which are prone to experience emotional exhaustion, particularly during a crisis. Social implications By understanding what factors determine employee empowerment’s effectiveness, managers could maximize the impacts of their empowerment policies. Subsequently, it will create better service deliveries which might benefit the broader societal scope. Originality/value This study contributes to both theoretical and practical understanding. Theoretically, this study adds and promotes using a categorical lens to examine the pattern of interactions between organizations and employees.

Empowering Women and Use of Reproductive Health Services: Review Article

Background: Women empowerment means empowering women to make independent decisions about the basic life issues. Reproductive health services as a key component of sustainable development make couples to voluntarily and on the basis of awareness and thought make proper and responsible decisions about childbirth given their economic, physical and mental abilities. It can lead to a balance between sustainable development and population growth. The purpose of this study was to explain factors affecting women's ability to use reproductive health services. Methods: A review of studies published from 2000 to 2018 in the databases of PubMed, Google scholar, Magiran, Web of Science was conducted using the keywords of empowering women, empowerment, decision-making power, women. It led to retrieving 99 articles in Farsi and English languages, of which 72 unrelated articles and 8 low quality articles were deleted. Lastly, 19 articles on the empowerment of women to use reproductive health services were selected. Findings: It was found that there was a positive relationship between women's empowerment, and decision-making power, education level, financial independence, employment and freedom of action, the use of reproductive health services in women. Higher women's authority, independence and empowerment, the higher the use of reproductive health services in women. Conclusion: Given the effectiveness of empowering women to a better use of reproductive health services, implementing women's empowerment policies is a good strategy for promoting reproductive health in women.

Reconsidering the Visual Sphere of Femininity in Tehran

A large proportion of the designed visual sphere of Tehran consists of murals. One noteworthy feature in the evolution of these murals that has been little investigated is the portrayal of women. This article explores women’s reception of and preferences about the visual sphere of femininity in Tehran. It draws on the analysis of both officially commissioned and unsanctioned visual representations of women in the city to offer a new understanding of the development of urban policies of gender empowerment, employing subjective methods of inquiry. The working hypothesis that guides this research is that spatial practices represent and appropriate the space in which they occur. The findings suggest that unsanctioned urban artistic practices in Tehran represent subjective aspirations for more egalitarian gender relations in their society. Moreover, the findings indicate a collective preference among female Tehraners for a visual sphere that shows an empowered image of women.

IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PERAN PEREMPUAN DALAM PROSES PEMBANGUNAN DI KABUPATEN NDUGA PROVINSI PAPUA

The research objectives are first to explore and examine the implementation of the Women's Empowerment Policy in the development process in Nduga Regency; second Identify the factors that hinder the role of Papuan women in the development process in Nduga Regency. Methods of data collection using questionnaires and interviews. Meanwhile, the data analysis used was qualitative descriptive method which included data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results of the study show that firstly, policies related to women's empowerment in the development process in Nduga Regency have not been implemented optimally; The two factors that hinder the participation of Papuan women in the development process in Nduga Regency are external factors (social culture/patriarchy and local government commitment), as well as internal factors (education and dual roles). Suggestions that can be given Do partnerships with traditional leaders, communities. Youth and Women in every village, to share perceptions about increasing women's participation in every line of development; Second,Local governments can ratify various regulations originating from abroad and domestically, so that acceleration/affirmation can be created for women's empowerment in all development sectors. Third, Establish cooperation between the Office of Women's Empowerment with Universities and the Community to conduct studies that are considered for the preparation of gender-responsive regulations, programs and budgets.

A study on awareness of women policies in rural areas

This paper deals with the general status of the rural Indian women and the Awareness of women Policies in rural areas and impact of women Policies on rural women. Women Plays vital role in our Indian Society. Rural women play a key role in supporting their households and communities in achieving food and nutrition security, generating income, and improving rural livelihoods and overall well-being. They contribute to agriculture and rural enterprises and fuel local and global economies. In concern Government has taken so many Programmes and Policies for women empowerment. The National Policy on Empowerment of Women adopted in 2001 states that All forms of violence against women, physical and mental, whether at domestic or societal levels, including those arising from customs, traditions or accepted practices shall be dealt with effectively with a view to eliminate its incidence. However, some positive intentions of the ground-level officials and the awareness of the beneficiaries can really bring in a revolution in the lives of Indian rural women. The Study is Practical and Theoretical oriented. The Study is based on Primary and secondary data sources. The necessary information about the Policies for Women Empowerment and its various components are collected from Books, Journals, Internet Source or related topic. The Researcher is going to study about Awareness of Women Policies in rural areas. The Research Work includes I. Introduction II. Methodology III. Women Specific Policies in India IV. Conclusion.etc

The Role of Internal and External Factors that Influence to Business Development on Entrepreneurs of Local Superior Products in Malang Regency

The existence of small business enterprises has a strategic role in the national economy, especially for small business based on local superior products that can contribute to increasing income and growing economic activity in the region. This study aims to determine the influence of internal and external factors toward business development on small business in Malang. This research uses a survey approach, where the primary quantitative data through questionnaire was taken directly from 30 sample respondents of small business. This study also uses multiple linear regression analysis method supported by instrument testing, classic assumption testing, and individual hypothesis testing. The results show that internal factors which include enterprise capital, quality of human resources, technology and equipment, marketing strategy, production system and financial management have significant effect to the business development. The external factors which include licensing, the policy of empowerment and loan submission procedures have significant effect to the business development. Keywords: Internal factors; External factors; Business Development; Small Enterprise

Black Economic Empowerment and Quota Allocations in South Africa's Industrial Fisheries

ABSTRACTPower asymmetries in the governance of value chains mean that inequalities in access to resources and share of value added are skewed against smaller players. Policies enforcing market rules and ensuring fairness are ineffective when power is deeply entrenched, necessitating different rules to address such inequalities. South Africa's Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) policies and competition laws target economic redress and inclusion of historically disadvantaged people in business ownership and control of economic activities. BEE criteria have been embedded in many industry charters and implementation codes, and competition law is well established and effectively implemented. Yet, the impacts of these instruments have been limited and slow, especially in sectors where a few companies dominate. This article examines the interactions between value chain dynamics and industrial fishery quota allocations, BEE policy and competition dynamics in the hake deep‐sea trawl fishery sector. It shows that, even in one of the most regulated sectors of South Africa's economy, large incumbents retain a disproportionate amount of power vis‐à‐vis smaller players. The article concludes that if rules protect incumbency, inequality will be sustained. Quota allocations, transformation and competition regulation should go hand in hand to facilitate the effective participation of black‐owned businesses as competitors in value chains.

Cyber community empowerment policy as an effort to strengthen cyber defense

The universal people's defense and security system is a defense system that involves all citizens, territories, and other national resources, prepared by the government early, implemented in a total, integrated, directed, sustainable and sustainable manner for the sake of upholding the sovereignty, and territorial integrity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia and its protection. The safety of the entire nation and from various threats. Its hoped that this principle will become a loyal basis for the formulation of defense policies in Indonesia, including those related to cyber community empowerment. From this research, it is concluded that there is a need for testing, demonstration, and evaluation which haves several main functions in policy analysis.

Gender, Empowerment and Food Security Status of Households in Nigeria

Gender inequality in access to productive and economic resources has been a topical issue in sub-Saharan Africa. The restrictive access to resources, assets and decision making by women has been linked to food insecurity. Using a large cross-sectional dataset from the 2018/2019 Living Standard Measurement Survey, this paper examines the interrelationship among gender, empowerment and households’ food security status in Nigeria. The analytical techniques adopted include the empowerment index, dietary diversity score and the Tobit and the ordered probit regression models. The findings suggest that the level of empowerment is generally low in Nigeria (21.63%) but much worse among the female gender (11.78%). The results also show that female gender and rural and North West residents were mostly in the food insecure and disempowered group. The study concludes that empowerment and food policy measures that would enhance access and control of productive and economic resources by the female gender and rural and North West residents should be formulated to ensure the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of ending hunger and promoting gender equality.

A participatory SWOT analysis on water, sanitation, and hygiene management of disabled females in Dhaka slums of Bangladesh

Abstract Rampant slum growths add more barriers to scaling up sustainable WASH facilities coupled with safe MHM amenities for megacities. On top of inequalities in accessing to WASH provision, MHM sensitivity to the needs of disabled girls or women is commonly denied. Low-income community case studies from the megalopolis of Dhaka, Bangladesh, capture multi-faceted links between disabled-female's agony and hygiene issues. Layers of discrimination are faced starting from no education after puberty to becoming a family burden. An overall assessment was further extended to identify SWOT for water and sanitation access to hygiene and MHM practices from the gender perspectives applying several mixed-method participatory approaches. Insufficient government support amount, inadequate pipeline water supplies, inconvenient infrastructures, and pricey hygiene products are considered as key weaknesses. Immediate demands include policies for empowerment via training, education coupled with caring services, and adequate, affordable, and disabled inclusive MHM amenities at public places. Finally, the analyses suggest community choices classifying recommendations into three broad categories, namely policy, intervention, and research to serve policymakers and gender experts in identifying potential measures to achieve the global targets of SDGs 3, 5, 6, and 10. Among many solutions, income opportunity via non-governmental loans for caretakers was proposed by most.

The Effectiveness of Legal Policies on Micro and Small Business Empowerment in Pandemic Time

Introduction: MSMEs made a significant contribution to the Indonesian economy at the beginning of 2018. However, since COVID-19 has become a global pandemic, micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) have been heavily impacted, due to a series of social restriction policies enacted by the government. In order to resolve issues, the government must assist and empower the MSME sector so that it can survive the pandemic. However, not many studies have been carried out regarding the extent to which empowerment policies by local governments have been effective in the field. Purposes of the Research: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the legal policies in empowering the micro and small enterprises (MSEs) during the pandemic based on the case of Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi.Methods of the Research: This is an empirical normative legal research that uses primary and secondary data with descriptive and qualitative analysis.Results of the Research: The results show that the empowerment policy in South Sulawesi has been regulated in Provincial Regulation Number 7 of 2019 concerning Cooperatives and Small Enterprises, where there are ten forms of facilitating MSE empowerment. Even though it has established the Cooperatives and MSMEs Office, the Gowa Regency Government does not yet issue spesific regulations on the empowerment of MSEs. Based on field data analysis, it was found that several forms of empowerment facilitation had been received by the respondents but were not evenly distributed. Empowerment received mostly focused on capital facilitation, while ignoring other form of facilitations. Thus, the existing policies have not been implemented effectively. This is influenced by several factors such as legal substance that do not provide legal certainty; legal structure factors, including the lack of apparatus and supporting facilities; and cultural factors, such as pragmatic behavior and low awareness of MSE actors.

Creative Economic Empowerment Policy in Supporting Tourism Potential in Banten Province

The purpose of this study is to discuss creative economic empowerment policies in supporting tourism potential in Banten Province. The research method uses a qualitative descriptive research approach. The technique of determining the informants in this study was determined based on the purposive sampling technique through data collection techniques through observations, interviews and document searches. Data analysis techniques are carried out continuously during data collection in the field until data collection is completed. This analysis includes several activities, namely reviewing data, grouping data, finding what is important according to the research focus and studying and deciding what to report. The results of the study indicate that the policy of empowering the creative economy in supporting tourism potential is still not fully effective, based on the analysis of the ABCD (Asset Based Community Development) approach even though the changes have come from within the community but still have obstacles to existing capacities and assets in the community, relationships and orientation towards sustainable community growth.

THE ROLE OF ACTORS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION NETWORK OF COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT POLICIES IN FOREST MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY OF THE FORESTS OF YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA

Forest resources will suffer damage and sustainability if they are used excessively. The characteristics of common-pool resources (CPRs) are forms of natural resources that involve many people so that they are vulnerable to damage due to the inability of the owner or manager to restrict other parties from taking part in utilizing them (non-excludable/non-trivial), and the use made by one party will reduce the benefits for the other party (subtractable). The actors in the network have made a good contribution in solving the challenges of the tasks and functions of the FMU in implementing community empowerment policies so that FMU development programs can be accepted by all stakeholders interests, especially local leaders, business people, relevant technical agencies, community leaders, non-governmental organizations, and village communities as beneficiaries. This research is qualitative-verificative with a case study approach that aims to understand the empirical phenomenon of the implementation process of forest community-based forest management policies. Stakeholder data was collected in implementing community empowerment policies in the Yogyakarta Model KPHP stakeholders. This qualitative analysis is historical-comparative, based on historical chronology with inductive and generative methods. The recommended empirical model analyzes the role of leadership in the FMU and the influence of the symbolic figure (Ngarso Dalem) in forming a network of actors and successfully implementing community empowerment policies in the Yogyakarta Model KPHP. Stakeholders must collaborate to solve the challenges of working on FMUs so that FMU development programs can be accepted by all stakeholders, especially local leaders, business people, relevant technical agencies, community leaders, Non-Governmental Organizations, and the community itself as beneficiaries.

Are secondary equity offerings of Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) REITs less underpriced than non-BEE REITs?

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to contribute to the literature on secondary equity offerings (SEOs) by examining the impact of the Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) policy on secondary equity offering (SEO) pricing dynamics of South African Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs).Design/methodology/approachWith a sample of 152 SEOs of South African REITs from 2010 to 2020, ordinary least squares (OLS) models, fixed effect models, parametric and non-parametric tests were applied to test for the impact of BEE on the underpricing of SEOs.FindingsSignificant underpricing is discovered in highly compliant (BEE) REITs; in other words, SEOs pricing of BEE compliant REITs are more underpriced compared to non-compliant BEE REITs. With this, BEE compliant REITs and more so, highly compliant BEE REITs in particular leave more money on the table.Practical implicationsThe government is therefore aware of the impact policy interventions play when REITs raise financing through SEOS. With these, highly compliant BEE REITs will need to be more strategic when making BEE compliance decisions as this is shown in our study to impact the underpricing of SEOs.Originality/valueThis is the first study to investigate SEO underpricing for the BEE policy using the South African REITs context.

Implementasi Kebijakan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat melalui Program Padat Karya pada Satuan Kerja Pelaksanaan Jalan Nasional

This study aims to analyze the implementation of community empowerment policies through labor-intensive programs in the national road implementation work unit which was carried out in Region I, South Sumatra Province. The method used is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Collecting data using interview, observation and documentation methods. Data analysis was carried out in an interactive form on 3 main components, namely; Data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results of the study indicate that implementation can be seen from 2 indicators, namely: Policy content and implementation context. From this research it was found that: (1). The implementation of community empowerment policies through labor-intensive programs has been going well but has not been maximized; (2). Factors that strengthen the implementation of labor-intensive programs are information and counseling. The conclusion of the study shows that if we look at Grindle's theory, the implementation of community empowerment policies through labor-intensive programs in the national road implementation work unit has been going well but not optimally.
 Keywords: Community Empowerment, Implementation, Padat Karya.

Implementasi Program PKK Bidang Pemberdayaan Pendidikan Dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Gampong Lancong

The PKK Program for Educational Empowerment is a program that aims to improve the community's well-being by enhancing the education of Gampong Lancong's youth. Because Lancong Village is a rural village in West Aceh, the Lancong community must participate in order for the program to be implemented correctly, despite the fact that the Lancong community has very low literacy and even low levels of education. The goal of this study is to examine and learn about the PKK program's educational empowerment policies in Lancong Village, Sungai Mas District, West Aceh Regency. With a case study methodology, data collection techniques employing purposive sampling with a total of six respondents, and research phases through interviews, observation, and documentation, the research method employed is qualitative. The research findings based on these four factors were obtained, but not effectively applied, with socialization not being implemented even for lancong community aid in the form of scholarships. People's knowledge and understanding of education is still limited; lancong people prefer to work at a young age and refuse to attend school because they believe that education does not guarantee people's lives, however working as farmers or gold diggers does. As a result, it is possible to conclude that this strategy has not been implemented effectively and efficiently.

Implementasi Kebijakan Pemberdayaan Pendidikan Diniyah Takmiliyah dan Pendidikan Al Quran di Kabupaten Cianjur

Forms of non-formal religious education that are mostly carried out by the community are diniyah education and Al-Quran education. The purpose of holding this non-formal education is to complement Islamic religious education lessons taught in formal education units. The government and local governments have a role in fostering and empowering this non-formal education. Cianjur Regency is one area that has more attention on empowering diniyah takmiliyah education and Al-Quran education. The author is interested in further researching this non-formal education empowerment policy. The research method used is descriptive with a qualitative approach. Based on the research results, it is known that this policy has succeeded in increasing student participation in attending diniyah takmiliyah education and Al-Quran education. In addition, based on research, the provisions for the application of the requirements for the diniyah takmiliyah diploma and Al-Quran education are only implemented at the registration of new junior high school students/equivalent. Regarding financial support, it is known that the amount is not sufficient for the needs required by educational institutions.

Empowering Women in Papua New Guinea as Part of the Green Economy

The empowerment of women has been shown to have a positive effect on economic growth. Previous studies have established the importance of women in supporting the family economy. Indigenous Papuan women become empowerment agents who have a tangible impact on improving the family economy and society as a whole. In Papua New Guinea, the concept of the green economy has been incorporated into the process of women’s empowerment. Mama Papua, the term for a native Papuan woman from Jayapura City, is a shining example of women’s empowerment achieved through the use of natural products. Mama Papua sell natural products to the city after simple processing. Women as subjects of development, according to this concept, will provide economic benefits while also playing an active role in environmental sustainability. Women and nature play an important role. The concept of a green economy ensures that economic empowerment for women can coexist with environmental protection and preservation. This research examined the interactions that occur during the process of empowering women in Papua who use natural resources. The concept of the green economy maintains traditional ways of processing nature. The research methods used were observation and interviews which were conducted with the provincial Bappeda, representing the Papua City Government, and Mama Papua, representing the Papuan government’s empowerment policy. The researchers conducted field research in the Mama Papua market to observe empowerment practices in action. This was followed by a review of the literature on the interactions between empowerment and the green economy from a variety of sources, including policy documents and journals. Triangulation of sources and data was carried out to ensure the data’s validity and reliability. The process of empowering women was examined through four factors: access, participation, control and benefits. The findings revealed that government access is still restricted to indigenous Papuan women, also known as Mama Papua. Given that levels of poverty in women are higher than in men, this is a form of affirmative action. Women’s aspirations have been accommodated in terms of participation, as evidenced by the presence of the first Mama Papua market in Jayapura, a traditional shopping center that offers a variety of natural products. Women’s representation is a factor that influences the long-term viability of women’s empowerment in Papua New Guinea. The control factor demonstrates that women have more control over government policy than men in the Mama Papua market. With the designation of the Mama Papua market as a tourist destination by the Papua City Government, it can be concluded that the empowerment of women through the use of the green economy was successfully implemented, namely the empowerment of women based on promoting small producers and integrating Papuan businesses and local service providers into the value chain. The success of the green economy concept in empowering women must be maintained. The Government’s expansion of women’s empowerment to the interior of Papua will have a greater impact on the program’s long-term viability. The green economy is a unique idea that should be implemented, especially for Papuan native women whose assets are still underutilized. The Government’s commitment to improving the welfare of Papuan women by making policies that are sustainable and friendly to Papuan women was another finding in this study.
 Keywords: poverty, women’s empowerment, green economy