Resident Empowerment Research Articles

Learner-Driven Synthesis of Assessment Data: Engaging and Motivating Residents in Their Milestone-Based Assessments

Competency-based medical education empowers learners to use self-assessment to monitor progress and to improve function. Given the difficulties inherent in self-assessment, we propose an externally calibrated, but resident-owned system to facilitate resident involvement in assessment while minimizing the unreliability of self-assessment. Resident-driven synthesis of assessment data applies self-determination theory to foster residents’ intrinsic motivation to improve by involving them in all the steps in the assessment process. Residents would review data, assign milestone levels, complete a program-specific assessment template, and discuss their findings with the clinical competency committee. Inclusion and empowerment of residents could benefit learners and programs alike.

A Case Study on the Operation of Community School for Empowerment of Residents

Background/Objectives: In this study, success stories of residents participating Village Making Projects as urban regeneration escaping from government leading are introduced by community school. Methods/Statistical Analysis: This study was performed in 3 steps through participating observation. At the first stage, activities of the residents were observed in the whole course of community school in Seogu Nambumin-2-dong, Busan and contents and materials of Village Making Project were collected. At the second stage they were reviewed and analyzed and at the third stage suggestions and improvement directions were. Findings: Resident empowerment of urban regeneration and Village Making is achieved through formation of mutual relationship, creation of shared value of space and cultivation of problem solving ability. In specific, first, co-operative relationship needs to be set forth between planners and participants (residents) in the introductory stage. Second, they share the problem awareness based on this relationship and conduct survey on resources based on strengths of residents. Third, they gain knowledge and skills through collective group activities for problem solving. Fourth, they derive alternative solutions to various goals and methods based on critical thinking. Fifth, they decide the optimal alternative through discussion and seek methods for embodiment of the selected alternative. With this concept, community school was held with university professors participating as planners and coordinators to encourage participation of residents in Village Making and empowerment. Improvements/Applications: Based on the above results, a community school has a potential in the application of a new practical method for the empowerment of residents.Keywords: Community School, Empowerment of Residents, Participating Observation, Resident Participating, Urban Regeneration, Village Making

“There goes the fear”: feelings of safety at home and in the neighborhood: The role of personal, social, and service factors

Safety has been shown to be an important contributor to mental well-being and is often identified as a key element of sustainable communities. Drawing on the fear of crime literature this study investigates the determinants of feelings of indoor and outdoor safety for people living in deprived areas, using both cross-sectional and longitudinal samples from household surveys in 15 communities in Glasgow. Across the different models social cohesion, satisfaction with services, and perceived empowerment emerge as the most robust predictors of feeling very safe indoors and outside. Our findings suggest useful extensions to several theoretical models of the fear of crime: The vulnerability hypothesis should include social vulnerability more generally; environmental models should focus on local amenities and services as well as on disorder; and social–psychological models should consider not only informal social control but also resident empowerment in relation to housing and neighborhood issues.

Empowerment and resident support for tourism in rural Central and Eastern Europe (CEE): the case of Pomerania, Poland

ABSTRACTDespite empowerment being a crucial component of sustainable tourism, few scholars have quantitatively operationalized empowerment and looked at how it applies to rural societies within the post-communist European Union (EU) member states. Knowing the high priority of sustainable rural development goals within the EU, empowering residents within these post-communist societies has become a pertinent issue especially where those societies appear more reluctant to engaging in democratic ways of decision-making. In response to this gap, this study tests the cross-cultural validity of the Resident Empowerment through Tourism Scale, and then evaluates how empowerment predicts residents’ support for tourism within the municipality of Choczewo, Pomerania, Poland. Using a theoretical perspective that blends Social Exchange Theory with Weber's Theory of Formal and Substantive Rationality, these non-economic empowerment dimensions are coupled with a measure of resident perceptions of economically benefiting from tourism to see if rural residents in Choczewo, Poland, are more swayed by the economic or non-economic benefits of tourism. Results show that residents within this Central and Eastern Europe setting are more influenced by the pride and self-esteem boost associated with psychological empowerment and the perceptions of increased community cohesion (i.e. social empowerment) than the economic promises of tourism.

Educational interventions to empower nursing home residents: a systematic literature review.

Purpose of the studyHealth education is essential to improve health care behavior and self-management. However, educating frail, older nursing home residents about their health is challenging. Focusing on empowerment may be the key to educating nursing home residents effectively. This paper examines educational interventions that can be used to empower nursing home residents.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed of the databases PubMed, CINAHL, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, and Embase, screening for clinical trials that dealt with resident education and outcomes in terms of their ability to empower residents. An additional, manual search of the reference lists and searches with SIGLE and Google Scholar were conducted to identify gray literature. Two authors independently appraised the quality of the studies found and assigned levels to the evidence reported. The results of the studies were grouped according to their main empowering outcomes and described narratively.ResultsOut of 427 identified articles, ten intervention studies that addressed the research question were identified. The main educational interventions used were group education sessions, motivational and encouragement strategies, goal setting with residents, and the development of plans to meet defined goals. Significant effects on self-efficacy and self-care behavior were reported as a result of the interventions, which included group education and individual counseling based on resident needs and preferences. In addition, self-care behavior was observed to significantly increase in response to function-focused care and reasoning exercises. Perceptions and expectations were not improved by using educational interventions with older nursing home residents.ConclusionIndividually tailored, interactive, continuously applied, and structured educational strategies, including motivational and encouraging techniques, are promising interventions that can help nursing home residents become more empowered. Empowering strategies used by nurses can support residents in their growth and facilitate their self-determination. Further research on the empowerment of residents using empowerment scales is needed.

Gender and empowerment: assessing discrepancies using the resident empowerment through tourism scale

ABSTRACTWhile gender equality and empowerment are core components of sustainable tourism, most of the literature has approached the concepts from qualitative perspectives, thus limiting the ability to empirically test for empowerment discrepancies between men and women. With this gap in mind, this study sought to test the widely held notion that empowerment discrepancies exist between men and women in tourism development. Discrepancies in psychological, social and political empowerment were tested for using the 12-item Resident Empowerment through Tourism Scale (RETS). The RETS was administered across five sample populations, with results revealing that gender discrepancies were present, but surprisingly, not in the direction suggested in previous literature. In all three US samples, there was evidence that women were more likely to perceive themselves being empowered than men. The results from the two Japanese samples did not find any significant differences, which is of interest because Japan is traditionally seen a very patriarchal society. Applications of the RETS can be paired with qualitative research to better understand empowerment success stories and then to apply these best practices to other destinations where empowerment discrepancies are present. Future applications of the RETS are suggested to help initiate “gender mainstreaming” within the sustainable tourism literature.

Comparing levels of resident empowerment among two culturally diverse resident populations in Oizumi, Gunma, Japan

ABSTRACTWhile resident empowerment has been a central aspect of the sustainable tourism literature, difficulties of putting the concept into practice have been noted given the heterogeneous nature of communities. “Community” is often divided by kinship, age, gender and ethnicity, and such division may influence the perceptions of empowerment. The goal of this study was to better understand heterogeneous perceptions of empowerment by administering the Resident Empowerment through Tourism Scale within the community of Oizumi, Japan. Oizumi has the highest concentration of Brazilian immigrants in Japan, and the town has embraced “ethnic neighborhood tourism” centered on Brazilian culture as a strategy for economic development. Oizumi's demographic makeup allowed for testing differences in perceived empowerment between members of the dominant ethnic group (Japanese) and members of the ethnic minority group (Japanese Brazilians). Analysis of 650 completed questionnaires revealed that Brazilians felt more psychologically and socially empowered than Japanese residents, indicating a shift in the balance of power between the ethnic groups. Results also revealed that the political dimension of empowerment was rated relatively low among both groups, suggesting a general lack of opportunities to participate in the planning process. Implications for both practice and theory are presented.

Neoliberalization and the Changing Roles of Stakeholders in State-Led Shantytown Redevelopment in Shenyang City, China

Neoliberal politics in China have changed the roles of, and the interrelationships between, the state, the market and society in urban restructuring. Since 2008, the central state has initiated the Shantytown Redevelopment Projects (SRPs) to improve the living conditions of low-income residents. Between 2008 and 2012, about 12.6 million households were involved in these national SRPs, and forced to move as their dwellings were demolished. This paper investigates how different stakeholders perceive and interact with each other in the state-led SRPs in Shenyang City in Northeast China. Through in-depth interviews with a range of stakeholders and analysis of policy documentation on SRPs, we find that there is a complex interplay between centralization, decentralization, marginalization of market forces, and the empowerment of residents in SRPs. The central government has replaced local governments in the initiation of redevelopment projects in disadvantaged neighbourhoods. District-level governments have replaced developers and municipal governments in land expropriation. Developers have become marginalized in SRPs and residents have become more empowered in the land expropriation taking place in urban redevelopment.

Leveraging Resilience: Evidence From the Management of Senior Low-Income Housing

Although public and private management approaches have been frequently analyzed for their outcomes along the lines of efficiency and equity, their relationship to fostering community resilience has been understudied. Public housing has undergone a market-based transition, devolving management and operations of its sites or tenants to private management companies. This multi-site case study evaluates different management contexts to understand how management processes encourage or discourage community resilience. Findings include that management can play an integral role in developing community resilience by providing spaces and opportunities for community engagement and resident empowerment. To better navigate in an era of austerity measures, this article recommends practitioners actively leverage and invest in citizen strengths to build more resilient programs.

Diversity-Grown: Participatory Evaluation of a Community Gardening Initiative through Photovoice

The evaluation of community initiatives can be as creative as the initiatives themselves. In Tallahassee, Florida, an event for the urban agricultural food movement employed Photovoice as a method for assessment of the event. Photovoice was selected for its ready application in participatory processes, where the data itself is collected and interpreted by community, thereby resulting in empowerment of community residents. In this case, youth were trained to utilize the Photovoice approach to collect and interpret data and to describe in their own words the value of this good food movement event. Cultural influences in the food environment were highlighted, in terms of diversity and inclusion of all populations noting that food environment influences are multiple and equally important. The concept Evaluation for Community Action (EFCA) was developed, and our results link improving the food environment through innovative and novel methods like Photovoice evaluation.

WE‐F‐213‐01: Building, Maintaining and Improving Physics Residency Programs

In this session we will discuss the key steps for building, maintaining and improving a physics residency program. The initial momentum starts with a secure commitment of; a program director, physics faculty, physicians, key technical personnel, and, of course, administration. The ultimate goal is to build a strong clinical physicist who practice independently and/or work in an interdisciplinary team. Part of the initiation is to find out the right balance of training, resident empowerment, and service contributed back to the clinic.Another key step that will be discussed is the recruitment of resident candidates. Namely, where the residents are coming from, what their educational background is, and most importantly during interviews, how to gauge what makes an ideal resident. Experiences on the first year of Medphys Match will be shared as well as strategies for placement following graduation.The key to maintenance of a residency program is to not allow stagnation, but rather to constantly update. Examples will be given of evolution of programs in terms of the didactic and clinical rotational components. In addition, how to allocate the resident developmental work, whether it be clinical or benchmark, without disrupting training. We will also discuss how to evaluate faculty on the ownership they take regarding resident training. We will discuss both therapy and imaging programs.Finally, we will share experiences on steps to continually improve one's program.Learning Objectives: To obtain from the experience of long standing programs the lessons learned. To find out what historically has worked out to be ideal resident candidates. Guidelines for continually improving a program.

WE‐F‐213‐02: Building, Maintaining and Improving Physics Residency Programs

In this session we will discuss the key steps for building, maintaining and improving a physics residency program. The initial momentum starts with a secure commitment of; a program director, physics faculty, physicians, key technical personnel, and, of course, administration. The ultimate goal is to build a strong clinical physicist who practice independently and/or work in an interdisciplinary team. Part of the initiation is to find out the right balance of training, resident empowerment, and service contributed back to the clinic.Another key step that will be discussed is the recruitment of resident candidates. Namely, where the residents are coming from, what their educational background is, and most importantly during interviews, how to gauge what makes an ideal resident. Experiences on the first year of Medphys Match will be shared as well as strategies for placement following graduation.The key to maintenance of a residency program is to not allow stagnation, but rather to constantly update. Examples will be given of evolution of programs in terms of the didactic and clinical rotational components. In addition, how to allocate the resident developmental work, whether it be clinical or benchmark, without disrupting training. We will also discuss how to evaluate faculty on the ownership they take regarding resident training. We will discuss both therapy and imaging programs.Finally, we will share experiences on steps to continually improve one's program.Learning Objectives: To obtain from the experience of long standing programs the lessons learned. To find out what historically has worked out to be ideal resident candidates. Guidelines for continually improving a program.

WE‐F‐213‐00: Building, Maintaining and Improving Physics Residency Programs

In this session we will discuss the key steps for building, maintaining and improving a physics residency program. The initial momentum starts with a secure commitment of; a program director, physics faculty, physicians, key technical personnel, and, of course, administration. The ultimate goal is to build a strong clinical physicist who practice independently and/or work in an interdisciplinary team. Part of the initiation is to find out the right balance of training, resident empowerment, and service contributed back to the clinic.Another key step that will be discussed is the recruitment of resident candidates. Namely, where the residents are coming from, what their educational background is, and most importantly during interviews, how to gauge what makes an ideal resident. Experiences on the first year of Medphys Match will be shared as well as strategies for placement following graduation.The key to maintenance of a residency program is to not allow stagnation, but rather to constantly update. Examples will be given of evolution of programs in terms of the didactic and clinical rotational components. In addition, how to allocate the resident developmental work, whether it be clinical or benchmark, without disrupting training. We will also discuss how to evaluate faculty on the ownership they take regarding resident training. We will discuss both therapy and imaging programs.Finally, we will share experiences on steps to continually improve one's program.Learning Objectives: To obtain from the experience of long standing programs the lessons learned. To find out what historically has worked out to be ideal resident candidates. Guidelines for continually improving a program.

Measuring empowerment in an eastern context: Findings from Japan

With the empirical research on resident empowerment in its infancy, this study sought to add to the scant literature by testing the cross-cultural validity of the Resident Empowerment through Tourism Scale (RETS) within the town of Oizumi, Japan. Such a destination was chosen because it provided a culture vastly different from the original rural Virginia, U.S. sample across Hofstede's cultural dimensions. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) performed on the Oizumi sample (n = 456) demonstrated that the RETS and its factors of psychological, social, and political empowerment were construct valid and shared the same psychometric properties originally found in Boley and McGehee's study (2014). These findings from the Oizumi, Japan sample support the international applicability of the RETS and provide managers with a valid tool for tracking the effectiveness of their marketing and management efforts aimed at increasing resident empowerment.

Challenges of Recent Participatory Urban Design Practices in Riga

The paper reviews three urban revitalisation projects in Riga, Latvia that follow resident empowerment, i.e. the current trend in urban design and planning. PagalmuRenesanse (Courtyard Renascence) and LabasVietasTalka (Nice Place Clean-up) were launched within the framework of Riga - European Capital of Culture 2014. In turn, Free Rigawas jointly launched by the artists and the entrepreneurs. The projects resultedin the revitalisation of the disused or low-quality urban spaces via the low-budget interventions. Instead of municipal agencies, these projects were initiated by the non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and the urban revival activists.Free Riga is still running. Therefore, the main research methods employed were the semi-structured interviews, the participant observations and the field observations.The projects differed from each other in terms of organisation, influence on the urban environment and resident engagement. PagalmuRenesanse and LabasVietasTalka had the clear organisation structures and the action plans, whereas Free Riga began its activity with any structure or plan. Overall, the projects succeeded in changing the local built environment. The resident engagement was evaluated according to the contemporary adaptation of Arnstein's (1969) classical work. The resident engagement varied from the consultation to the empowerment.

Empowerment and resident attitudes toward tourism: Strengthening the theoretical foundation through a Weberian lens

This study expands Perdue, Long, and Allen’s (1990) original model of resident attitudes toward tourism in two significant ways. It first proposes Weber’s theory of formal and substantive rationality (WFSR) as a way to strengthen social exchange theory. Secondly, WFSR is operationalized by using the Resident Empowerment through Tourism Scale (RETS) as substantive antecedents and the Personal Economic Benefit from Tourism Scale as a formal antecedent influencing resident attitudes. Ten of 14 hypotheses were confirmed, with Psychological Empowerment and Personal Economic Benefit having direct and positive effects on Support for Tourism. Implications include recognition of the importance of tailoring destination marketing and management efforts to empower residents psychologically, socially, and politically.

TH‐E‐16A‐01: Building, Maintaining and Improving Physics Residency Program

In this session we will discuss the key steps for building, maintaining and improving a physics residency program. The initial momentum starts with a secure commitment of; a program director, physics faculty, physicians, key technical personnel, and, of course, administration. The ultimate goal is to build a strong clinical physicist who practice independently and/or work in an interdisciplinary team. Part of the initiation is to find out the right balance of training, resident empowerment, and service contributed back to the clinic. Funding of residencies will be discussed including obstacles and benefits to residents participating in clinical service and establishing hub and spoke training collaborations. Another key step that will be discussed is the recruitment of resident candidates. Namely, where the residents are coming from, what their educational background is, and most importantly during interviews, how to gauge what makes an ideal resident. The key to maintenance of a residency program is to not allow stagnation, but rather to constantly update. Examples will be given of evolution of programs in terms of the didactic and clinical rotational components. In addition, how to allocate the resident developmental work, whether it be clinical or benchmark, without disrupting training. We will also discuss how to evaluate faculty on the ownership they take regarding resident training. We will discuss both therapy and imaging programs. Finally, we will share experiences on steps to continually improve one's program.Learning Objectives: To obtain from the experience of long standing programs the lessons learned. To find out what historically has worked out to be ideal resident candidates. Guidelines for continually improving a program.

User involvement in long-term care. Towards a relational care-ethics approach.

User involvement in long-term care has become official policy in many countries. Procedural and managerial approaches to user involvement have numerous shortcomings in long-term care. What is needed is a different approach that is beneficial and tuned to the needs of clients and professionals. This article presents a care-ethics approach to involvement. We illustrate this approach and its practical implementation by examining a case example of user involvement in long-term elderly care. This case example is based on an action research project in a residential care home in the Netherlands. Seven female clients participated in the process, as well as diverse groups of professionals from this residential care home. The clients were concerned about meals, and collectively they became empowered and came up with ideas for improving meals. Professionals also shared the clients' experiences with meals, first in homogeneous groups and then in heterogeneous meetings with the client group. This process led to the development of partnership relations between clients and professionals. Our findings suggest that a care-ethics approach to user involvement is a means to increase resident empowerment in long-term care. Clients and professionals start sharing their experiences and values through dialogue, and they develop mutual trust and openness while doing so.

Measuring empowerment: Developing and validating the Resident Empowerment through Tourism Scale (RETS)

Despite empowerment playing a crucial role in sustainable tourism development, there have yet to be scales developed to measure whether residents perceive themselves as being psychologically, socially, or politically empowered from tourism. To address this gap, the Resident Empowerment through Tourism Scale (RETS) was developed following Churchill's (1979) criteria for scale development. The RETS was purified through a pilot and pretest study before being tested in a three county region of western Virginia, USA. The data were initially analyzed using multiple exploratory factor analyses before being validated through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results of the CFA demonstrated that the RETS displayed construct validity with standardized factor loadings ranging from 0.65 to 0.92 for the three subscales and construct reliability scores ranging from 0.85 to 0.92. The RETS is presented as a scale ready for use to measure the extent to which residents perceive themselves as being empowered or disempowered by tourism.

William Worthy’s Concept of “Institutional Rape” Revisited

This article examines the role of anchor institutions in the urban revitalization process. We use case study analysis to understand how concerns about residential displacement are addressed by anchor institutions in the urban planning process. This analysis is designed to build upon William Worthy’s critique of anchor-based development during the 1960s and 1970s. Our analysis examines the degree to which his concept of “institutional rape” applies to contemporary urban revitalization efforts. The article focuses on university and medical campus expansion in Buffalo, NY. We describe how the planned expansion of the Buffalo-Niagara Medical Campus has raised concerns about the displacement of residents living in a neighboring subsidized housing development. We conclude that despite incremental improvements in the planning process designed to facilitate coordination between anchor institutions and grassroots interests, resident empowerment has not been fully realized. Instead, the planning process continues to be dominated by institutional interests with limited community input. Consequently, residents worked through grassroots organizations, local government, and the media to resist anchor-based development. In light of these findings, we recommend that the role of residents in the planning process for neighborhood revitalization become more institutionalized through the negotiation of community benefit agreements and other linkages.