Empoasca Kerri Research Articles

Seasonal Variation of Major Insect Pests of Mungbean in Grid Region, Madhya Pradesh, India

During kharif 2022, the experiment was conducted at RVSKVV, College of Agriculture Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India, to investigate the seasonal incidence of the main mung bean insect pests. Three sucking insect pests were found to be present from the vegetative stage to the maturity stage: the aphid, Aphis craccivora, the leafhopper, Empoasca kerri, and the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. We observed two lepidopterans from the reproductive stage to maturity: Spodoptera litura and Lampides boeticus. We saw two lepidopterans from the reproductive stage to maturity: Spodoptera litura and Lampides boeticus. The 39th SMW had the highest prevalence of A. craccivora and B. tabaci, with populations of 1.45 aphids per plant and 7.55 whiteflies per plant, respectively. On the 40th SMW, E. kerri's population peaked at 4.95 adults per plant. The 38th SMW saw a high of 0.52 larvae per plant for S. litura and 0.21 larvae per plant for L. boeticus. According to correlation studies, the maximum temperature was significantly correlated negatively with A. craccivora, B. tabaci, and L. boeticus (r = -0.667, -0.679, and -0.680). A substantial negative connection (-0.697) was observed between S. litura and maximum temperature, whereas a strong positive association (r = 0.704) was seen with evening relative humidity.

Monitoring Insect Pest Complex on Black Gram

The pest spectra, comprising of thirteen species, were observed to attack black gram at different stages of crop growth. The stem fly Ophiomyia phaseoli (Tryon), whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), black aphid Aphis craccivora (Koch), pod bug Riptortus pedestris (F), surface grasshopper, Chrotogonus trachypterous (Blanchard), semilooper, Plusia orichalcea (F), tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (F), blue butterfly Lampides boeticus (L) and blister beetle Mylabris pustulata (Thunberg) have assumed the status of minor pests whereas, gram pod borer Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner), spotted pod borer Maruca vitrata (Geyer), Bihar hairy caterpillar Spilosoma obliqua (Walker) and leafhopper Empoasca kerri (Pruthi) were recorded as major pests.

Efficacy of Insecticides against Sucking Insect Pests in Groundnut

The study evaluated various insecticide treatments targeting thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood and leafhoppers, Empoasca kerri Pruthi, key pests in groundnut cultivation during the summer 2021 and 2022. Among the treatments, seed treatment with imidacloprid 18.5% + hexaconazole 1.50% FS, along with foliar spray of acetamiprid 20% SP, showed notable effectiveness. This approach led to superior pest management, resulting in higher pod yield, net returns, and a favourable benefit-cost ratio. Comparable performance was observed with other treatments, including seed treatment with thiamethoxam 30 FS + acetamiprid 20% SP foliar spray and seed treatment with imidacloprid 60 FS + acetamiprid 20% SP foliar spray. Notably, seed treatments were found to be safer for natural enemies compared to foliar sprays and combinations thereof.

Evaluation of Some Green Gram Genotypes against Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius and Leafhopper, Empoasca kerri Pruthi under Field Conditions

Studies were carried out on 51 genotypes of green gram, evaluated to identify the genotypic response against whitefly, leafhoppers and yellow mosaic virus infestation during kharif, 2010 at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Out of 51 genotypes, MH 732, MH 717, MH 719 and MH - 125 (Basanti) and MH 717 harboured minimum population of whitefly (2.68 /cage/plant), green leafhopper (0.45 /cage/plant), brown leafhopper (0.15 /cage/plant) and mixed (green and brown) leafhopper (0.69 /cage/plant), respectively, as compared to maximum whitefly population observed on genotype SM 9-117 (8.30 /cage/plant), green leafhopper on MH 809 (1.12 /cage/plant), brown leafhopper on MH 748 and MH 808 (0.41 /cage/plant) and mixed leafhopper counts recorded on SM 9-113 (1.49 /cage/plant). Genotype MH 742 affected least 2.80 per cent with the incidence of YMV as compared to maximum (56 per cent) incidence on SM 9-112. Highest grain yield (908 kg/ha) was obtained from the genotype MH 742 as compared to 355 kg/ha lowest observed from the genotype SM 9-112.

Estimation of Yield Losses Due to Major Insect Pests of Groundnut

A field experiment was carried to estimate the yield losses due to the groundnut leaf miner Aproaerema modicella (Deventer), tobacco caterpillar Spodoptera litura (F), leafhoppers Empoasca kerri (Pruthi) and thrips Scirtothrips dorsalis (Hood). The results showed the insect pests caused a significant reduction in plant height and other yield attributing characters. They caused a mean reduction of plant height (22%), primary branches (29.1%) reduction in pods/ plant (54.6%) and (44.5) reduction of kernels/ plant. There was a higher yield in the protected plots with 2050 kg/ ha due to spray of insecticides when compared to unprotected plots with 1123 kg/ ha, with a yield increase of 82.5%.

Population Dynamics of Major Sucking Pests Infesting Rabi Groundnut in West Bengal

A field investigation was carried out at the Central research Farm, Gayeshpur, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal during rabi 2021-2022 to study the seasonal incidence of the major sucking pests infesting the summer groundnut. The silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn.), jassids (Empoasca kerri Pruthi), black aphids (Aphis craccivora Koch) and flower thrips (Megalurothrips usitatus Bagnall) were considered as the major sucking pests; B. tabaci was first observed on the 49th standard meteorological week, whereas M. usitatus, E. kerri and A. craccivora were first seen during the 5th, 6th and 7th standard meteorological week. The whitefly population showed a significant negative correlation (-0.586) with average temperature, while the thrips showed a significant negative correlation (-0.578) with average relative humidity.

Seasonal Incidence of Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) and Leafhopper (Empoasca kerri) on Soybean

The investigation titled " seasonal incidence of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) and leafhopper (Empoasca kerri) on soybean" was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station (ARS), Adilabad, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University during the kharif seasons of 2017 and 2018. The pooled results revealed that among various sowing dates, namely, 18th - 15th of June (sowing I), 28th - 25th of June (sowing II), 7th - 5th of July (sowing III), 17th - 15th of July (sowing IV), and 27th - 25th of July (sowing V), sowing I recorded the minimum incidence of the whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius) population (2.00), and the maximum incidence was observed in sowing III (2.77) during kharif 2017. In the kharif season of 2018, the minimum incidence was noted in sowing IV (4.25), while the maximum was observed in sowing II (5.22). Similarly, the incidence of leafhoppers (Empoasca kerri Pruthi) was at its minimum during sowing I (2.99 and 4.41) and reached its maximum during sowing III (3.67 and 6.16) in kharif 2017 and 2018, respectively.

Occurrence of Insect-Pest of Cluster Bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (Linn.) Taubert] Associated with Meteorological Parameters in Gird Region of Madhya Pradesh, India

Insects are a big threat in agriculture. To study about insect pests complex of the cluster bean, a field experiment conducted at Research Farm, Rajmata Vijyaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh during Kharif season 2022-23. The incidence of insect pests observed on kharif cluster bean, namely thrips, Megleurothrips distalis (karny), Jassid, Empoasca kerri (Pruthi) aphid, Aphis craccivora (Koch) and whiteflies, Acaudaleyrodes rachipora (Singh). Peak population of aphid, Jassid and whitefly were observed during 37th SMW (2nd week of September) (4.39, 5.74 and 5.67 individuals/leaf, respectively); while peak population of thrips were observed during 38th SMW (3rd week of September) (4.75 individuals/leaf), thrips peak population was observed 38th SMW (3rd week of August) (3.70 thrips/leaf). Population of aphid and Jassid showed positive significant correlation with rainfall (r= 0.505*) and (r= 0.498*), respectively. Population of aphid, jassid and whitefly showed highly significant positive correlation with minimum temperature (r= 0.684**), (r= 0.745**) and (r= 0.591*), respectively. Population of aphid, jassid, thrips and whitefly showed significant positive correlation with evening relative humidity (r= 0.606*), (r= 0.621*), (r= 0.511*) and (r= 0.498*).

Checklist of insect pests and natural enemies associated with groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) ecosystem in Anaimalai tract of Tamil Nadu

Fixed and roving surveys were conducted at Coconut Research Station, Aliyarnagar and Anaimalai tract of Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu to study the insect pests and natural enemy complex of groundnut ecosystem. Results of the study revealed the occurrence of 32 species of insect pests and 13 species of natural enemies. Among the insect pests, only five viz., Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera litura, Scirtothrips dorsalis, Empoasca kerri and Aphis craccivora were considered as major pests. Nine insect pests were considered as minor, while 18 were noticed as spot occurrence. The leafminer, Liriomyza trifolii population was noticed only during kharif season. Among the 13 species of natural enemies, coccinellid beetles viz., Coccinella transversalis and Cheilomenes sexmaculatus were dominant.

Influence of Prevailing Weather Parameters on Population Dynamics of Leafhopper Empoasca kerri and Thrips Scirtothrips dorsalis on Groundnut in Semi Arid Ecosystem of Rajasthan

The field experiment were conducted at Agronomy farm, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner during Kharif, 2020 and 2021 to know the population dynamics of leafhopper, Empoasca kerri Pruthi and thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood on groundnut. The primary focus of research on the effects of weather variables on insect ecology. The incidence of leafhopper, E. kerri and thrips S. dorsalis appeared in the fifth and fourth week of July in both the years and the population of leafhopper and thrips reached to its peak in the second and first week of September during Kharif, 2020 and 2021 respectively. The correlation studies indicated that the leafhopper and thrips population had significant positive correlation with relative humidity (r= 0.62 and r= 0.60) and (r= 0.77 and r= 0.75) during both the Kharif seasons 2020 and 2021 respectively. Whereas the leafhopper and thrips population had significant positive correlation (r= 0.59 and r= 0.61) respectively at minimum temperature in Kharif 2021.

Screening of pea germplasms against insect pests

A field experiment was conducted to screen fifteen germplasms of peas against different insect pests at Pulses Research Station, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat during rabi 2019-20 and 2020-21. The germplasm HFP 1502 recorded significantly minimum aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch) (3.78 aphids/10 cm shoot) whereas, the germplasm Pant P 476 recorded significantly lowest leafhopper (Empoasca kerri Pruthi) population (1.96 leafhoppers/3 leaves). Out of fifteen field pea germplasm significantly lowest whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius) population (0.94 whitefly/3 leaves) was noticed on the IPFD 10-12. The Helicoverpa armigera Hubner larval population indicated a significant minimum (0.39 larva/plant) on germplasm Pant P 418 and also recorded significantly lower (3.24%) pod damage. The significantly highest seed yield (937 kg/ha) was recorded on Pant P 476 followed by genotypes IPFD 10-12, Prakash, and IPF 18-14.

Evaluation of insecticides against sucking pests of Indian bean

Among the various insecticides evaluated for their field efficacy against sucking pests of Indian bean, the treatments of thiamethoxam 25WG at 0.025%, acetamiprid 20SP at 0.004% and buprofezin 25SC at 0.05% were found to be the most effective against Aphis craccivora Koch, Empoasca kerri Pruthi and Bemisia tabaci Gennadius. While, thiacloprid 21.7SC at 0.012% emerged as the moderately effective. Emamectin benzoate 5SG at 0.002%, indoxacarb 14.5SC at 0.007%, lambda-cyhalothrin 5SC at 0.005% and novaluron 10EC at 0.01% were found to be less effective.

Population dynamics of major insect pests of Indian bean

The incidence of aphid Aphis craccivora Koch in Indian bean Lablab purpureus (L.) reached its peak during 2nd week of January (2nd SMW) with 25.27 aphids/ twig of 10 cm. Maximum incidence of jassid Empoasca kerri Pruthi (8.20/ leaf) and whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (7.12/ leaf) was observed during 4th week of December (52nd SMW). The thrips Megalurothrips distalis Karny started appearing from 4th week of November (48th SMW) reaching its peak (10.35/ flower) during 1st SMW. Maximum larval counts of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (5.79/ plant) was observed during 2nd week of January (2nd SMW), while in case of Maruca vitrata Geyer (7.21/ plant) it was during 2nd week of January (2nd SMW). Maximum and minimum temperature showed significant negative influence on the incidence of all these pests; and morning relative humidity showed significant negative effect on all except M. distalis. While morning vapour pressure showed significant negative influence on the incidence of all pests except E. kerri and B. tabaci.

Evaluation of Mungbean Genotypes Against Major Insect Pests

Field experiment was conducted to screen thirteen genotypes of mungbean against major sucking and lepidopteran pests. The incidence of pests was assessed at 15 DAS (Days after sowing) and continued till maturity at weekly intervals. The results revealed that least mean whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) incidence/plant was observed in genotype Virat (5.17), TM-37 (5.31) and Shikha (5.40). Similarly, the least aphid Aphis craccivora Koch incidence was on Virat (2.73), Shikha (2.77), TM-37 (2.89) and PDM-139 (2.91). The genotypes, Virat (1.26), Shikha (1.26), PDM-139 (1.30) and TM-37 (1.31) were with lowest leaf hopper Empoasca kerri Pruthi counts; and the least larval counts of tobacco caterpillar Spodoptera litura (F.) was in Shikha (0.22), Virat (0.24), PDM-139 (0.25), TM-37 (0.28) and TJM-196 (0.31). Similarly, least incidence of blue butterfly Lampides boeticus L., larva was observed on Virat (0.21), Shikha (0.23) and PDM-139 (0.26) genotypes. Thus, the genotypes viz., Virat, TM-37, PDM-139 and Shikha were found to be tolerant against the major sucking and lepidopteran insect pests.

Bioefficacy and Residual Toxicity of Selected Insecticides against Sucking Pests infesting Green gram

Green gram, Vigna radiata, is one of the cheapest sources of protein for poor Indian households. Green gram productivity is limited by the attack of sucking pests like whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius); thrips, Megalurothrips distalis (Karny) and jassids, Empoasca kerri (Pruthi). The study was conducted at Instructional Farm, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, during summer season of 2018 to evaluate the relative efficacy and residual toxicity of selected insecticides against sucking pests of green gram. Among the ten insecticides tested, thiomethoxam + λ-cyhalothrin, imidacloprid and triazophos proved to be most effective in controlling jassid, whitefly and thrips population.The imidacloprid remained toxic till 18 DAS and recorded 14.3 and13.5% mortality of exposed whitefly and thrips population, respectively. The relative persistent toxicity of the exposed insecticides was in the order, imidacloprid > thiomethoxam + λ-cyhalothrin > triazophos > flonicamid > λ-cyhalothrin > profenophos + cypermethrin > chlorantraniliprole > spinosad > profenophos.

Population dynamics of important insect pests of Black gram and their correlation with abiotic factors

Black gram is an important pulse crop, which observes 30-50 % losses in yield due to insect pest damage. It is crucial to understand the spectrum of pest damaging it in field, and their response to the prevailing environmental conditions. Population dynamics of important insect pests and their correlation with abiotic factors was studied at CCS HAU, Hisar during kharif 2020. The study was carried out from July, 2020 i.e., 30th standard meteorological week (SMW) to October 2020 (39th standard meteorological week). Insect pests whose infestation was recorded during this period includes Bemisia tabaci, Empoasca kerri, Clavigralla gibbosa, Riptortus pedestris, Maruca vitrata and Trichoplusia ni. No infestation of Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura was recorded. Natural enemies like Coccinella septumpuctata and spiders were also observed. Out of these, whitefly was observed as most important insect pest causing significant damage to crop. Whitefly incidence commenced in 30th-SMW (19.70 adult/cage) and continued till 39th-SMW (13.35 adult/cage) with its peak population in 31st-SMW (41.75 adult/cage). Rainfall was recorded to be the major factor affecting the population of whitefly adult as significant and negative correlation was reported between the two (r = -0.682*). Further highly significant and negative correlation was observed between spotted pod borer larvae and wind speed (r = -0.792**). This study provides basic understanding about the range of pests damaging crop, and their behavior towards various abiotic factors.

Effectiveness of portable solar-powered light-emitting diode insect trap: Experimental investigation in a groundnut field

• Portable solar-powered light-emitting diode (LED) insect traps were fabricated. • Insect attraction of UV, blue, green, and red LED traps were tested in a groundnut field. • Spodoptera litura attraction was significantly higher than other insect species. • Trapping efficiency of the UV-LED trap higher than the other coloured LED traps. • Solar LED insect trap could be an instrumental where inconsistent electricity supply. Pest control is a major challenging component in agricultural and horticultural crops. Recently, the light-emitting diode (LED) trap driven by solar energy is a growing eco-friendly technology in pest control. The study was aimed to design, fabricate and investigate the effectiveness of a portable solar-powered LED trap for monitoring insect pests. The trap is compressed into a photovoltaic panel, battery, LED array, solar rectifier, insect collection tray, and PVC legs. Four different coloured LEDs viz., ultraviolet (UV)-405 nm, blue-470 nm, green-525 nm and red-630 nm were studied. The study was conducted in a groundnut field during the autumn season for 15 days. The results showed that the UV LED trap captured significantly more insects than the blue, green, and red LED traps except for Helicoverpa armigera. The average attraction of Spodoptera litura, Aproaerema modicella, Amsacta albistriga, Scirtothrips dorsalis, Aphis craccivora, and Empoasca kerri population to UV LED trap was 77.17 ± 18.89, 64.67 ± 12.91, 39 ± 16.80, 43.33 ± 18.30, 38.33 ± 17.08 and 33.17 ± 10.94, respectively. The red LED trap captured the least number of insects; however, the attraction of A. albistriga to the red LED was higher than the blue and green LED traps. Arcsine transformation (AT) was applied to transform experimental trap efficiency. UV LED trap had a significantly higher AT value than other LED traps. Overall mean AT values for UV, green, blue, and red LED traps were 34.98, 31.06, 29.87 and 22.87, respectively. The proposed portable solar-assisted LED trap could be a promising and effective pest control tool in areas where inconsistent electricity supply.

Evaluation of Insecticides and Biopesticides Against Leaf Hopper Empoasca kerri Pruthi in Pigeon Pea

Green leafhopper Empoasca kerri (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) is a polyphagous xylem feeder and it is a pest of pulse crops. The present study evaluated some insecticides and biopesticides against E. kerri in pigeonpea. The results revealed that its incidence was significantly reduced with flonicamid 50WG and tolfenpyrad 20%SC (89.39 and 81.92%, respectively) after third spray. Also, increase in yield was observed with flonicamid 50WG (13.20 q/ ha) and thiamethoxam 25WDG (12.90 q/ ha) amounting to 37.50 and 36.05%, respectively. The biopesticides viz., neemazol 1% @ 2ml/ l and Lecanicillium lecanii @2g/ l were found to be the least effective.

Bio-efficacy, persistence and residual toxicity of different insecticides against jassid Empoasca kerri (Pruthi) infesting soybean

An investigation was undertaken to study the bio-efficacy, persistence and residual toxicity of different insecticides viz., chlorantraniliprole 0.004 per cent, ethion 0.100 per cent, triazophos 0.050 per cent, indoxacarb 0.010 per cent, emamectin benzoate 0.001 per cent, quinalphos 0.050 per cent and profenophos 0.100 per cent against Empoasca kerri (Pruthi) infesting soybean at the Research Farm of Department of Agril. Entomology, College of Agriculture, Latur (MS). The overall results concluded that all the insecticides under investigation were significantly superior over untreated control in minimizing the population of E. kerri. Among the treatments, profenophos 0.100 per cent was found to be the most effective insecticide in minimizing the population of E. kerri on soybean (3.83 and 2.60 jassids per three leaves) followed by quinalphos 0.050 per cent (4.03 and 2.90 jassids per three leaves), triazophos 0.050 per cent (4.47 and 3.50 jassids per three leaves), chlorantraniliprole 0.004 per cent (5.03 and 3.60 jassids per three leaves), indoxacarb 0.010 per cent (7.20 and 5.00 jassids per three leaves), emamectin benzoate 0.001 per cent (7.40 and 5.40 jassids per three leaves) and ethion 0.100 per cent (7.67 and 5.50 jassids per three leaves) after first and second sprays, respectively. The highest grain yield was achieved by chlorantraniliprole 0.004 per cent (34.87 q per ha) while quinalphos 0.050 per cent (1:19.72) exhibited highest incremental cost benefit ratio. The results on residual toxicity of different insecticides against E. kerri infesting soybean indicated that profenophos 0.100 per cent and quinalphos 0.050 per cent illustrated highest persistent toxicity index (PT) (864.67 and 873.18 and; 815.74 and 822.85, respectively) and LT50 values (6.80 and 7.02 and; 5.91 and 6.11 days, respectively) against E. kerri after first and second sprays as compared to other insecticides.

Assessment of hemipteran abundance and nature of damage on blackgram (Vigna mungo) in agricultural fields

This study investigates the abundance and nature of damage of hemipterans on blackgram (Vigna mungo) crops in agricultural fields during 2016-2017. Hemipteran populations were assessed across different growth stages of the crop using standardized sampling methods. Results revealed the presence of diverse hemipteran species, with fluctuations in their abundance throughout the crop's development. Nature of damage of the crop was assessed, highlighting potential implications for blackgram cultivation. Insects of 5 families were observed at the time of the study. Mylloceros undecimpustulatus (Family Curculionidae), Nezara viridula (Family Pentatomidae), Riptortus linearis (Family Coreidae), Cletus bipunctatus (Family Coreidae), Aphis craccivora (Family Aphididae) and Empoasca kerri (Family Cicadellidae) represented this order. These insects harmed the plant's three most vital parts such as leaves, pods and flowers. In terms of its presence in the crop field for a longer period of time and the type of harm it caused, Riptortus linearis was considered as the key pest in the study. The relation of occurrence of insects with climatic factors was investigated by Karl Pearson's coefficient of correlation technique; however, the results were generally negligible. The findings underscore the need for sustainable management strategies to mitigate hemipteran-related yield losses in blackgram cultivation.