Employment Trends Research Articles

The Impact of AI Tools on Employment Trends and Skill Demands

Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing our work, lifestyles, and modes of communication. The integration of AI-driven technologies brings about automation of tedious tasks, enhances decision-making capabilities, and boosts overall productivity. Nonetheless, the adoption of AI carries profound implications for both the labor market and skill prerequisites. On one hand, the advent of AI is poised to usher in new job opportunities, particularly in domains such as machine learning, data science, and AI engineering. Conversely, AI's implementation is expected to automate numerous routine and manual job functions, resulting in the displacement of workers in sectors like manufacturing, transportation, and customer service. This transition underscores the necessity for workers to cultivate fresh skill sets and competencies. Skills such as data analysis, critical thinking, and advanced problem-solving will ascend in importance, whereas conventional proficiencies like manual dexterity and routine problem-solving will diminish in relevance. Furthermore, the effects of AI on employment prospects and skill requisites will vary across different industries and geographical regions. While certain sectors may undergo substantial job displacement, others may witness a surge in demand for adept personnel. Thus, policymakers and industry leaders must adopt a proactive stance toward reskilling and upskilling initiatives to ensure workforce competitiveness. Ultimately, the integration of AI tools is poised to catalyze transformative shifts in the labor market and skill landscape. While it presents novel opportunities and enhances productivity, it simultaneously necessitates adaptive measures from workers to thrive in an evolving job market.

The role of macroeconomic factors in shaping employment trends in Somalia

The role of macroeconomic factors in shaping employment trends in Somalia

Employability trends, challenges, and opportunities of CBSUA graduates in bachelor of elementary education (BEEd) SY 2018-2022

Employability trends, challenges, and opportunities of CBSUA graduates in bachelor of elementary education (BEEd) SY 2018-2022

State support for employment of rural population in Kazakhstan

Purpose - the problems of employment in rural areas are considered and the ways of their solution are proposed. Methods - economic and statistical method, monographic, systematic, sociological analysis - to determine the indicators and factors of providing jobs - were used in identifying the trends of employment of rural population. Results - the current situation in the labor market was studied, the state programs for the expansion of this segment and the results of their implementation were analyzed. The statistical data of unemployment rate by categories in dynamics are compared: age, gender composition, share of labor-sufficient urban and rural populations. The experience of foreign countries is shown, the approved norms of the number of employees employed in agriculture are presented. Conclusions - to improve the socio-economic infrastructure of rural areas and to improve the quality of life of rural residents it is important to improve the system of subsidizing economic entities. This, in turn, is achievable under the condition of investment of staff units in agricultural production and strengthening social protection of the population. Structural reorganization of the economy has affected the decrease of labor employment in the agrarian sphere, which is one of the criteria of economic development of the republic. Diversification in the agro-industrial complex, support of peasant (farmer) farms and alternative forms of labor relations in rural areas allow to smooth negative trends and receive additional income. The priority direction of labor mobility of rural residents is the expansion of small business. To this end, it is necessary to ease the tax burden on its enterprises, create regional centers for their support, which should direct the available financial and material resources primarily to the implementation of projects and employment programs in rural areas.

Gender Disparities in Kazakhstan’s Labor Market: Evidence from the Quality Employment

Gender disparities in the labor market have remained a critical area of economic research, particularly in understanding how men and women experience different employment conditions. This study aims to assess the quality of employment for men and women, focusing on the multidimensional quality of jobs, including formal and informal employment, unemployment, and access to highly qualified professions. The research employs a standardized approach using Z-scores to analyze deviations from average labor market indicators across genders, enabling a comparative evaluation of employment trends over the past decade. Data were drawn from national labor force statistics, covering a wide range of indicators such as labor force participation, employment rates, unemployment, and sectoral distribution. The results of the study show significant gender differences. The average level of the involvement of women in the labor force during the study period was 64.96%, while for men this figure reached 76.38%. The employment rate among women was 4.5% lower on average compared to men, and for women in informal employment, it was 20.16% versus 20.76% for men. Women also showed a higher unemployment rate: 5.71% versus 4.36% for men. The study also highlights the impact of external economic shocks, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, on labor market dynamics, exacerbating gender disparities. Future research should focus on developing policies that reduce informal employment and increase job stability for women. Further study of the long-term effects of global economic crises on gender differences in the quality of employment is also necessary to develop effective measures.

Factors and regional features of rural population employment in the Gomel region

The role of employment and the importance of the agrarian labor market in the sustainable development of rural areas are substantiated. The factors of effective employment of rural population are determined. A comprehensive analysis of the conditions, features and problems of employment in rural areas of the Gomel region was carried out. Current problems, features and trends in rural population employment of the region are identified.

Textile offshoring along global value chains (GVCs): Impacts on employment and gender wage gaps

Globalization has a significant impact on the international distribution of production, which in turn affects the global distribution of employment and income. Yet, previous studies have often overlooked the gender implications associated with the evolution of global value chains (GVCs). In this context, the textile sector is considered critical for explaining the most recent trends in female employment, particularly in developing countries.The main objective of this paper is to examine the impacts of textile offshoring on female participation in the labor market and on gender employment and wage gaps between 1991 and 2019. Specifically, it aims to understand prior premises as the expected increase in female workers due to the delocalization of the sector, the implications of these premises when countries begin to upgrade and their role in reducing gender inequalities.To achieve this, we devised a multi-sectoral and multi-regional input-output (MRIO) model with a high level of disaggregation of 189 countries and 26 sectors, expanded to include male and female jobs and wages by sector and country. We also conducted a structural decomposition analysis (SDA) on the forces driving the evolution of gender gaps.Our findings show that the gender employment gap grew in the global textile sector between 1991 and 2019, caused primarily by the role played by China and India in the textile supply chain. Gender wage gaps continue to linger, however, despite having narrowed in most of the countries analyzed.

Social marketing and happiness in employment. Evidences from Glassdoor

BackgroundWith the increasing role of the Internet and social media, there are more significant opportunities for employees to express their opinions about the companies they work for more directly. A recognized job review website is Glassdoor.com, which collects employees’ opinions anonymously and the scores they give to companies. This descriptive study analyzes the assessment that employees give to companies by studying the advantages in their comments from the perspective of Happiness Management and Social Marketing. In this sense, this research aims to analyze how the main benefits offered by companies, are linked to the happiness of employees and to the actions of social marketing that companies develop affect the general satisfaction of employees.MethodsThis study has used in the worker comments, text mining, and inferential analysis techniques. The sample was divided into two blocks, with comments that refer to issues about social marketing and happiness. In each one, an inferential analysis was carried out using the Student’s T-test. This analysis allowed us to identify, in each sample of comments, in which advantages the differences in the mean ratings were significant depending on whether they were mentioned.ResultsThe main results indicate that social marketing and happiness are linked to the advantages employees comment on in reviews on Glassdoor. Significant differences exist in the average ratings of certain advantages depending on whether they are mentioned or not in the comments. Likewise, the differentiation between comments on social marketing and happiness offers scientific evidence of the most valued advantages in each cluster. Specifically, the advantages grouped into the following dimensions are working conditions, company image, and social relations.DiscussionThis research contributes to happiness management theories by empirically demonstrating how positive work environments enhance productivity, loyalty, and creativity. These insights show how leadership quality, work-life balance, and recognition contribute to workplace happiness, enhancing productivity, loyalty, and creativity. Such feedback aids job seekers in making informed decisions, helps companies improve practices and attract talent, and provides researchers with valuable data on employment trends and corporate culture’s effect on employee well-being.

The Resilience and Transformation of Fortune 1000 Companies

This research paper delves into the performance and evolving trends of Fortune 1000 companies over the critical period from 2019 to 2021, a time significantly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. It provides a detailed examination of key metrics such as revenue, profitability, industry distribution, market capitalization, global presence, and employment trends, as well as strategic responses in mergers and acquisitions, digital transformation, and innovation. The study emphasizes the impact of corporate social responsibility and the changing regulatory landscape on these corporations. Special attention is given to the role of technology and innovation in driving economic impact and global influence, as well as the adaptation strategies employed by these companies in response to unprecedented challenges. The findings underscore the significant shifts in corporate strategies, highlighting resilience and adaptability in the face of global economic disruptions. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into the factors shaping the economic and strategic landscape of major corporations during a transformative era.

The Economic Impact of Covid-19 pandemic on Labor Market and Stock Market

The pandemic has caused severe unrest and uncertainty in the labor market. Share prices have fallen sharply. However, the reasons behind it and the related policy effects still lack a unified explanation and summary. Therefore, the topic of this paper is the impact of the epidemic on the labor force and the stock market. The research method of this paper is as follows: firstly, the relevant data such as unemployment rate, hiring ratio and purchasing manager index are collected, and then the data are analyzed. The study found that the main reasons for the decline in labor demand may include business shutdowns, more cautious business investment and the psychological impact on workers. Fears of a potential recession, supply chain disruptions and uncertainty over the duration and severity of the outbreak have driven the rapid fall in share prices. The relevant policy recommendations further encourage local governments to use the surplus funds from unemployment insurance and other sources to support enterprises in maintaining employment stability. This paper will encourage the implementation of policies that delay or partially refund social security contributions. And strengthen the strategy of partially refunding unemployment insurance premiums, promoting local employment opportunities, and providing subsidies to ensure the overall stability of the employment situation. These policies are constantly evaluated and adjusted in light of changing economic conditions and employment trends to help maintain employment levels and support businesses during difficult times.

The interplay between maternal employment dynamics and trends in breastfeeding practices over the past decade

BackgroundWorking mothers are in a situation where they have to manage both their job and maternal roles simultaneously. We aim to show the relationship between mothers' breastfeeding behavior and working status, as well as the effect of their working conditions on the continuation of breastfeeding.MethodsThis study examined 3557 (weighted 3490) child-mother pairs from Turkey's Demographic Health Survey data in 2008, 2013, and 2018 with a complex sample multiple logistic regression analysis to explore the relationship between breastfeeding and maternal employment.ResultsIn our study, 35.5% of the mothers had never worked, 18.6% were still working, and 45.9% had worked in the past but were not currently working. When breastfeeding percentages were examined based on maternal working status, mothers who worked in 2008 had significantly lower breastfeeding percentages than those who had never worked or had worked previously but not currently. In both 2013 and 2018, after legal regulations, maternal employment didn't affect breastfeeding. After adjusting for confounding factors, maternal employment in the industry sector had lower breastfeeding percentages [AOR:0.06 (95% CI: 0.01–0.48)] than those working in agriculture.ConclusionIt seems that adhering to legal regulations such as paid maternity leave and lactation leave can promote breastfeeding. It is necessary to raise awareness of mothers working in the industry about the continuation of breastfeeding and to monitor their legal rights.

Mapping Graduate Skills to Market Demands: A Holistic Examination of Curriculum Development and Employment Trends

The number of unemployed computer science graduates has increased significantly over the last few years. The primary reason for this problem is the skill gap between the graduates and what is required on the job market. The current study aims to address the challenge of aligning the skills of computer science graduates with the evolving demands of the job market. To achieve this objective, the current research leverages Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques to predict the skills required by employers and those possessed by graduates. The dataset used in this study has been carefully curated and annotated by experts in the field. It entails 18 features that capture various aspects of a graduate’s skillset, such as programming languages, technical expertise, and soft skills. Additionally, the dataset includes information on the most common job positions in the computer science industry (i.e. a total of 8 roles). A sample size of 3,831 computer science graduates was sourced from alumina surveys and reputable hiring agencies. The dataset provides a comprehensive view of the skills landscape in the computer science domain. Several ML classifiers, ensemble methods, and DL approaches were utilized in a series of experiments. The correlations and important skills and jobs in the market were given focus. The experimental results indicate that support vector machines and neural networks achieved high accuracies of 82% and 88%, respectively. By analyzing the results, this study seeks to uncover patterns and trends that can guide the development of educational programs and curricula, ensuring they are aligned with the evolving needs of the industry.

Modernization and underemployment in a dual agrarian sector: The case of Brazil (1950–1980)

This paper presents a case study of employment trends in Brazilian agriculture between 1950 and 1980. Using primary data, I document the displacement of workers from large and mid-sized establishments and the expansion of self-employment in an increasingly fragmented smallholding sector. I compute novel measures of rural population and find significant corresponding trends in employment-to-population ratios, thus contributing new evidence of the persistence of rural underemployment in a period of fast industrialization and growth. I conclude by examining the main rural development policies adopted in the period within a coherent framework for understanding the adoption of technical innovations. I argue, in particular, that the State concentrated price and credit subsidies on large and mid-sized producers and neglected investments in research, extension, and rural infrastructure. This policy mix interacted with Brazil’s dual agrarian structure and enhanced the incentives for the adoption of labor-saving innovations.

Current State and Trends of Employment among the Working Population in the Russian Federation

Current State and Trends of Employment among the Working Population in the Russian Federation

DYNAMICS OF GROWTH, INVESTMENT AND EMPLOYMENT IN MICRO SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSMES) IN ASSAM

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are significant contributor to the economy. This study examines the growth of MSMEs and their role in provision of employment to people in Upper Assam. The study is based on secondary data collected from various sources such as the Annual Survey of Industries, the Statistical Handbook of Assam, and reports from the Reserve Bank of India and the Ministry of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises. It analyses the growth of MSMEs in the State during the period 2000–01 to 2018–19 and also investigate the pattern of employment and its trend in MSMEs. The findings of the study revealed that there has been a significant growth in the number of registered MSME units in the State. The number of registered MSME units in Assam increased sharply from 14,453 in 2000-01 to 48,171 in 2018-19. The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) in number of registered MSME units during the period 2000-01 to 2018-19 was found to be 6.54 per. The found differences in growth of investment, employment trends and number of registered MSME units in seven districts of upper Assam. In most districts, employment in MSMEs has grown slowly as compared to growth in number of units. In fact, there has been decline in employment per unit. Additionally, the average investment per unit differed considerably among the districts, indicating that MSMEs in some districts have varying investment capacity and patterns. The results point to the need for focused approaches to reduce regional differences and improve employment prospects by promoting investment for reducing unemployment and achieving balanced industrial growth in Assam. KEY WORDS: MSMEs, Growth, Investment, Employment, Assam.

Future of IT Jobs in the Era of Artificial Intelligence

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies is set to reshape IT jobs in the coming years. This paper investigates AI's evolving role in the sector and its implications for employment trends, drawing from a review of secondary sources including various research journal papers, and reports of White House, World Economic Forum, and McKinsey, etc. It analyses the current AI applications in IT, focusing on areas where automation and augmentation will likely impact traditional roles. The study views AI as complementing rather than replacing human labour, foreseeing potential for new job creation and transformations in existing positions, especially in cybersecurity, software development, and IT infrastructure management. Policy recommendations and strategic initiatives from various stakeholders are examined to maximize AI benefits while addressing employment risks. Insights from government and industry reports stress the need for workforce preparation through reskilling and upskilling. Ethical considerations around AI deployment in IT underscore responsible innovation and inclusive growth. Ultimately, this paper aims to offer a comprehensive overview of AI's future impact on IT jobs, providing insights for policymakers, industry leaders, and educators navigating the evolving digital economy. By synthesizing diverse perspectives and empirical evidence, it informs decision-making for a sustainable and equitable future of work in IT.

Shortage of Qualified Filipino Personnel on board vessels: A myth or a reality?

The maritime industry, which mainly relies on Filipino sailors, has recently expressed alarm over a potential scarcity of skilled workers on board ships. By closely assessing the current situation of Filipino maritime labor, this study determines if the claimed shortage is a myth or a reality. The study investigates Filipino seafarers' availability, qualifications, and deployment, utilizing data from industry reports and employment trends. The investigation reveals a complicated problem. On the one hand, there are noticeable shortages in certain fields, particularly among officers and highly specialized professions. These shortages are exacerbated by an aging workforce, a lag in sophisticated marine training, and rising competition from other sectors and nations providing more attractive opportunities. On the other hand, the total supply of Filipino seamen remains. To address these challenges, the paper suggests several strategies, including improving the quality and relevance of maritime education and training, fostering stronger collaboration between the government and industry stakeholders, and implementing By aligning educational outcomes with industry needs and addressing the root causes of perceived shortages, the Philippines can maintain its position as a leading supplier of seafarers to the global fleet. This study indicates that, while there are areas of concern, the overall narrative of a scarcity of competent Filipino seafarers is more complex than appears, necessitating a nuanced and strategic approach to maritime workforce development.

The Influence of Artificial Intelligence on Employment Trends in the United States (US)

This paper examines the Influence of Artificial Intelligence on Employment Trends in the United States (US). The rapid development of AI technology is creating significant disruptions in traditional labor markets, leading to concerns about unemployment and inequality. The paper highlights the importance of understanding the effects of AI on the labor market and the need for proactive steps to address any negative impact as well as the policy options available to address these challenges, including retraining and education programs, regulation of AI use, and tax policies. It also considers the potential costs and benefits of these options and the stakeholders who are impacted by them. This paper recommends investing in education and training programs for workers, creating tax incentives for affected communities, promoting research and development of AI technologies that complement human workers, and implementing policies to promote the responsible use of AI. The paper also discusses bureaucratic barriers to participation that may hinder effective implementation of these recommendations. Finally, it recommends a combination of retraining and education programs and tax policies to promote investment in new technologies and job creation.

Moonlighting as a new trend of employment: A systematic literature review

Moonlighting as a new trend of employment: A systematic literature review

The Impact of Tourism on the Labor Market of Local Service Industries in Barcelona

This study examines the impact of tourism on the labor market of local service industries in Barcelona, focusing on employment trends, job quality, and economic implications. Utilizing quantitative data from the Spanish National Institute of Statistics and the Barcelona Tourism Board, the research reveals that tourism has significantly driven job creation in sectors such as hospitality, retail, and transportation, with employment growth rates outpacing the city’s overall average. However, the predominance of part-time and temporary positions, coupled with lower wage levels, raises concerns about job stability and quality. Seasonal employment variations and spatial distribution analysis highlight the dependence of certain districts on tourism, leading to economic volatility and socio-economic challenges such as rising housing prices and cost of living. The study underscores the need for balanced policy approaches that enhance job security, improve labor conditions, and address housing affordability to ensure sustainable and inclusive economic growth. Recommendations include promoting year-round tourism, diversifying tourism offerings, and implementing regulatory measures to protect local residents’ quality of life.