Employment Opportunities For Persons Research Articles

Traversing Disability: Building Social Capital through Skill Development for Employment

This paper investigates the influence of social capital in the training of persons with disabilities. The expansion of social networks is regarded as a central principle of the rehabilitation agenda and thus is a central concept that may influence the training experiences of persons with disabilities. Absent from much of social capital research is its influence on skill development and employment opportunities for persons with disabilities. Social capital has the potential to play an important role in the livelihoods of persons with disabilities who are at high risk of being marginalised. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore and critically examine the experiences of persons with disabilities who participated in an auxiliary skill development programme, to determine whether and how it has strengthened and expanded their social capital to advance their opportunities for economic inclusion and/or employment. There is currently no convincing practice available, particularly in the South African employment landscape, around how social capital can be incorporated in the employment of persons with disabilities. An intrinsic case study approach was utilised as it allowed for the identification and description of an employability-related skill development programme for persons with disabilities. In this paper, we argue that the transfer of skills alone is not enough for persons with disabilities to gain employment.

Polityka zatrudnienia osób z niepełnosprawnościami. Wybrane zagadnienia

Disability is an important issue found in every society. People with disabilities belong to a category of people at high risk of social exclusion, including on the labour market. In the first part of the article, the authors explain the meaning of the term 'person with a disability'. The following parts discuss the legal basis for the freedom to choose work in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland and the regulations of the International Labour Organisation and the United Nations. In addition, employment opportunities for persons with disabilities on the open and sheltered labour market will be briefly introduced. The authors also draw attention to the possibility of using new forms of employment in the context of activating this social group.

An Analysis of Actors in the Implementation of Public Policy on Accessibility of Persons with Disabilities for Work in Indonesia’s Special Region Yogyakarta

This study aims to analyze the implementation of public policy on the accessibility of persons with disabilities to get a job in Yogyakarta. It focuses on the actors implementing the policy in the Indonesian region, namely the provincial government of Yogyakarta as the implementer and policymaker, private companies, and Non-Government Organization (NGOs), which should be the stakeholders of the policy, program, and activities in distributing labors with disabilities. To approach this problem, the researchers use the theory of Van Meter and Horn as a reference. Data have been collected through interviews and documentation that later on analyzed qualitatively with the software of NVivo 12 plus. This study concludes that providing employment opportunities for persons with disabilities has not been implemented optimally. First, it is due to the absence of aftercare services, namely follow-up assistance for persons with disabilities after participating in training and rehabilitation programs held by the Regional Government. Secondly, law enforcement in the policy implementation that is pro disabilities (inclusion) to private companies is not optimal. Third, the lack of coordination among the actors in the efforts of empowering persons with disabilities.

Legal Protection for Disability Workers in Semarang: Case Study at PT. Samwon Busana Indonesia

<p>The purpose of this study is to measure legal protection and employment opportunities for persons with disabilities who work in various companies in the city of Semarang, Central Java. As is known, the right to work for citizens is regulated in Article 27 Paragraph 2 of the 1945 Constitution, which mandates the right of citizens to get a decent job and life. Every citizen has the same rights and the state (government) has regulated these rights in terms of obtaining employment without exception, including persons with disabilities. This study uses a juridical-empirical (non-doctrinal) approach, which examines how employment opportunities and legal protection of persons with disabilities in the city of Semarang, especially in PT. Samwon Clothing Indonesia. Primary data sources were obtained from PT. Samwon Busana Indonesia through interviews, secondary data in the form of legal material. Data Collection Method with Interview and Documentation methods, Data Analysis is done by a descriptive method. The results showed that employment opportunities for workers with disabilities in the city of Semarang, especially in PT Samwon Busana Indonesia had fulfilled one percent of the total employees. The total disability workers at the company are 14 out of a total of 1317 employees. In terms of legal protection, all employees both with disabilities and do not get the same rights and opportunities to be treated fairly. In addition, fulfillment of the rights of workers with disabilities is also fulfilled without discrimination.</p>

Employment Statistics of Persons with Disabilities in Russia

Ensuring the equal employment opportunities for persons with disabilities is one of the priorities of public support for people with disabilities in Russia. This determines the need for detailed, reliable and timely statistics on the position of persons with disabilities in the labor market. The authors analyzed the content and quality of statistics collected in this area, considering, in particular, the recent methodological, organizational and statistical innovations - inclusion of the questions about disability status in the key population surveys and creation of the Federal Register of Disabled Persons (FRD). The article notes that to date, estimates of the employment rate of persons with disabilities on the basis of administrative data and labor force survey differ, which justifies the need for an additional analysis of the methodology of these indicators. Thus, data of the FRD contains information about all people with disability status in Russia, but information on their employment covers mostly employment in the formal sector. While the population survey data, according to the authors, on the contrary, make it possible to take into account allforms of employ¬ment, but face the problem of underestimating of people with disabilities due to the design of the questions used, the reluctance of individuals to declare disability, and due to the fact that some groups of people with disabilities are less likely to be respondents of the surveys. In addition, the administrative data and the labor force survey data differ in the length of the reference period and methodology of calculation of annual indicators. According to the authors analysis, administrative data reflects the number of employed persons with disabilities more objectively, while for detailed characteristics of disabled people position in the labor market population survey data may be used.

Employment Situation of Person with Disabilities: Case Study in Indonesia

Equality in an employment opportunity or commonly known Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) is still not entirely applicable to a person with disabilities. World Report on Disability record 15,3 percent of the world population is the person with disabilities at 2010. Most of the person with disabilities had not taken part in the mainstream of social activity and mostly relied on social aid, including in Indonesia, where 74,7 percent from the total of a person with disabilities are unemployed. Their living expenses and necessities mostly sustained by their own family, government, or social organization – which had caused a considerable loss for concerned parties. This research intended to discover factors that influence the low employment of a person with disabilities in Indonesia, then aim for the correlations between those factors to the acceptance of employer for a person with disabilities, as well as recommending concerned employer or organizations in supporting employment opportunities for persons with disabilities. Research methodology is done by the survey to an employee about their viewpoint towards workers with disabilities, and data processing is done by SPSS software. Results of research show that education level and design of work procedure significantly affect the low employment rate of workers with disabilities in Indonesia. Further studies and development required to elaborate proper job design for a worker with disabilities, also for developing education system for workers with disabilities.

Employer attitudes toward hiring persons with disabilities in Armenia

Purpose: The purpose of this two-part study was to provide input into a strategy to improve employment opportunities for persons with disabilities in Armenia.Background: Employment rates for persons with disabilities in Armenia have been variously reported between eight and 21%, much below the general employment rate of 82%.Method: First, a Participatory Action Research process led to the development of a 15 item self-report measure - the Perceived Barriers to Employing Persons with Disabilities Scale – which was administered to 158 employers. Second, respondent data were examined to determine psychometric properties of the scale and to inform strategic recommendations for policy development.Findings: Exploratory factor analysis resulted in the removal of 6 items, leaving a 9 item scale. Responses produced a multidimensional scale clustering around 2 factors. The first of these, structural issues, was principally informed by employer perceptions of limited skill levels of persons with disabilities, high costs associated with employing persons with disabilities, and the lack of accessibility within facilities. The second factor, social issues, was informed by employers’ anticipation of negative reactions of coworkers, customers and supervisors toward persons with disabilities entering the workforce. Employers also indicated a belief that persons with disabilities with skills should be entitled to work.Discussion and Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that attitudes of Armenian employers toward people with disabilities, and subsequent hiring decisions, are partly informed by perceptions of the negative reactions of others within the workplace. This finding disagrees with studies from other jurisdictions, which generally consider that these attitudes are principally informed by perceived skills deficits on the part of people with disabilities. These results would support the development of employer-focused information and awareness campaigns designed to address both of these factors.Implications for RehabilitationEmployment rates for people with disabilities are much below those of the general population.Research indicates that employer attitudes contribute significantly to the employment success of people with disabilities.A recent employer survey in Armenia indicates that these attitudes are influenced by a perception that others within the workplace do not accept people with disabilities.Vocational counseling and training programs, and employer awareness interventions, may be more effective if this influence on employer attitudes is addressed.

Paving Access for Veterans Employment through Holistic Transition: Practice Implications when Working with Veterans

No single cause can be linked to the high rates of veteran unemployment in the U.S. today. Despite efforts on the part of corporations, the social sector, and government to boost veteran hiring, the problem persists. Research has shown the effectiveness of holistic “disability-based” intervention in opening sustainable employment opportunities for persons with severe disabilities. Based on studies that suggest “veteran status” and the unique issues it imports for today's transitioning service members, it can become a barrier to employment. This finding supports the notion of a “veteran-based” intervention approach for veterans who are not disabled but face challenges that require intensive intervention and sustained engagement. A new, more holistic approach must address veteran-specific barriers to employment in order to deliver services that lead to a reduction in veteran unemployment.

Employment opportunities for persons with different types of disability

The employment status of groups with different disabilities was analysed as were potentially important moderating factors (work ability, structural and individual factors). A secondary analysis was performed on 4359 respondents with disabilities from Statistics Sweden's Labour Market Investigation. The respondents were divided into six disability groups (communicative-hearing, communicative-speech-reading, communicative-vision, psychological disability, medical disability, physical disability). Logistic regression analyses showed that the probability of being employed was highest among respondents with hearing disabilities and respondents with psychological disabilities were least likely to be employed. Being a woman (very young or old) with only primary education and with partially or very impaired work ability, reduced employment opportunities. Higher education did not increase employment opportunities for respondents with impaired work ability. In summary, the type of disability is essential for employment opportunities, and differences between disability groups cannot be explained by differences in other variables. The moderating factors studied were found to be of equal importance in all groups.

Towards a social model approach?

PurposeBased on the nursing occupation within the UK and The Netherlands' health sectors, which are both highly regulated with policies to increase inclusiveness, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the interplay between employment conditions and policy measures at sectoral level, in order to identify how these both facilitate and limit employment participation for disabled workers.Design/methodology/approachThe research was exploratory in character using qualitative and comparative methods within a case study approach. It draws on statistical data, document analysis, focus group discussion and interviews with key actors in the health sectors in both countries.FindingsWhether the social or medical model predominates, their combined use encourages the employment of disabled persons in the health sector. Arguably the social model, focusing on structural changes, can be seen as more enabling. The Dutch comparison shows that encouraging a sector‐specific approach, with increased social partnership dialogue, facilitates the implementation of the social model, resulting in sectorally‐appropriate enabling measures.Practical implicationsThis research highlights the need for a sector‐specific approach to disability policy, with development of sectoral monitoring data and evaluation of impact by the social partners.Originality/valueWhile previous academic research focused on the aggregated (national) level only, this research investigates the interplay between training, employment, working conditions and policy measures at sectoral and occupational levels, with a view to identifying their influence on employment opportunities for persons with disabilities.

Policy Development for Advocates

Calls for cross-disciplinary dialogue and greater coherence in disability policies have produced limited understanding of disability policy making. Most scholars focus on what should be done but give scant consideration to how the dynamics of the policy making process constrain substantive options. The authors argue that failing to consider the environment of the policy making processes on program design and advocacy hinders understanding about policy and development of practical initiatives. This article describes the dynamics of policy making through a case study of the Job Accommodation Network, which provides an example of path dependence and the infilling of policy spaces and exemplifies how later arriving, modest initiatives and influential advocates can target narrower niches, seek to improve collaboration, and create better linkages between stakeholders in their efforts to expand employment opportunities for persons with disabilities. The analysis has implications for advocates and practitioners by demonstrating how policy programs evolve, shape, and adapt to new policy initiatives.

How Young People with Disabilities Conceptualize The Body, Sex and Marriage in Urban India: Four Case Studies

Historically in India as elsewhere in the world, there has been a deep-rooted cultural antipathy to persons with disabilities. They have been portrayed as medical anomalies, helpless victims and a lifelong burden for family and society. While today there is a general recognition in India of the need to enhance educational and employment opportunities for persons with disabilities in order to promote economic self-reliance and independent living, their sexual needs, dreams and aspirations are more or less invisible. Sexual and reproductive rights are considered irrelevant for persons with disabilities. Using qualitative data, this paper discusses notions of sexual identity among urban Indian youth through four case studies of college students in Delhi. Gender emerges as a key analytical category in perceptions of sexuality among young men and women with visual and loco-motor disabilities. The paper does not claim to capture the complex reality of disabled sexuality in India, but highlights some key issues in a hitherto largely under-research domain. But the author’s analysis carries added value, since she herself has low vision; thus conferring a reflexive angle to the research.

Counselor Education and Counseling Psychology: Where are the Jobs?

Employment opportunities for persons with doctoral degrees in counselor education and counseling psychology were studied. Over 15 months, 708 positions were identified and analyzed to determine frequency of advertised positions calling for either degree, types of positions, and references to the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP) or the American Psychological Association. Additional analyses were conducted for counselor education. Results found the counselor education degree to have a clear identity in the marketplace, especially for faculty positions, whereas the degree in counseling psychology was more often 1 of multiple degrees listed for an advertised position. Implications are discussed, including implications for CACREP‐accredited doctoral programs and needs for future research.

Persons with Disabilities and Employment

Abstract A momentous piece of legislation, the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 provided for the elimination of discrimination against individuals with disabilities and more significantly is aimed toward improving their employment opportunities. There is, however, evidence that the ADA implementation has not moved fast enough in increasing employment opportunities for persons with disabilities. This article reviews the literature on disability and employment barriers, federal statutes, societal attitudes and biases, and human relations misconceptions associated with disabilities. It discusses social work roles, advocacy for social justice, implications for rehabilitation counselors, and issues related to disabilities and employment.

Closing the sheltered workshop: toward competitive employment opportunities for persons with developmental disabilities

Closing the sheltered workshop: toward competitive employment opportunities for persons with developmental disabilities

The impact of targeted jobs tax credit on employment opportunities for persons with disabilities

This article addresses the critical impact of the TJTC program on employment opportunities for persons with significant disabilities. The primary intent of TJTC has been to provide employment incentives for the private sector to provide job opportunities for specific groups that are structurally unemployed and result in: (1) a reduction in structural unemployment; (2) employment opportunities to the disadvantaged; (3) employers to seek out and hire the disadvantaged; (4) cost effective outcomes for taxpayers and society; (5) improved income, training, and retention for the TJTC employee. This written testimony to the committee on ways and means, House of Representatives, highlights: • The vital importance ofTJTC on employment opportunity for persons with disabilities; • Research and experience that indicate that intent of TJTC have been meet or exceeded for the TJTC disabled target groups; and • Cost effective recommendations to make TJTC even more effective for persons with disabilities and employers in the future.

Transitioning Students with Physical and Multiple Disabilities to Supported Employment

Until recent years the primary responsibility for the vocational preparation and employment of persons with significant disabilities rested with the adult service system. After leaving school, these students typically entered a rehabilitation facility which provided them with skill training intended to prepare them for competitive employment. Today, the supported employment model of service delivery for people with significant disabilities is being adopted by rehabilitation programs. Using this approach, these agencies have shifted their focus from preparation to the establishment of employment opportunities for persons given the skills and abilities with which they come to the program. 1,2 Within the supported employment model, school programs are expected to playa much greater role in both the vocational preparation and employment of students. 3,4 Schools must assume major responsibility for teaching students those joband job-related skills that will permit them to work as independently and productively as possible. In addition, the school program is responsible for ensuring that a student is employed before or soon after departing school and that the supports the student will require to maintain the job are in place. Much attention has been given to identifying effective vocational preparation and employment strategies for individuals with disabilities. However, the focus of these efforts has been on students who experience cognitive disabilities; little attention has been given to the unique vocational preparation and employment challenges posed by students who experience physical and multiple disabilities, such as Angel and Kelly. 5,6 Angel experiences cerebral palsy and moderate cognitive disabilities (i.e., mental retardation). She is unable to read and has only limited number skills (counting and number recognition). She has no functional use of her left hand, but some use of her right hand. She uses a power wheelchair to drive long distances and a manual chair for short distances. She is able to speak, although in a slow and labored fashion. Angel has been employed as a clerical assistant at a credit union for approximately two years, beginning the job in her last year of school. Kelly also experiences cerebral palsy, moderate cognitive disabilities, and very limited academic skills. He has little functional use of both hands and uses a power chair for mobility. He is able to speak, but is difficult to understand. Kelly has been employed by a deli as a sandwich delivery person for three years, ajob created for him before he completed school. Angel and Kelly are two students who participated in a project called the Oregon Transition to Employment Project (OTEP), the purpose of which was to identify and put into practice strategies that districts can use to assist

Supported Employment and Time-Limited Transitional Employment Training: Options For Rehabilitation Counselors

Support employment and time-limited transitional employment training are service options which can help rehabilitation counselors increase employment opportunities for persons with disabilities. This article provides definitions and describes the background, service delivery, and assessment and training approaches related to supported employment and time-limited transitional employment training. Resultant issues concerning the role and preparation of the rehabilitation counselor are also discussed.

Study on information technologies and new employment opportunities for persons with disabilities

International Journal of Rehabilitation Research: December 1987 - Volume 10 - Issue 4 - p 447