Employment History Research Articles

Resilience and empathy in pharmacy interns: Insights from a three-year cohort study

BackgroundResilience and empathy are important attributes for healthcare professionals to navigate challenging work environments and providing patient-centred care. Knowledge about pharmacists' levels of resilience and empathy, particularly during the early stages of their careers, is limited. ObjectivesTo explore pharmacy interns' levels of resilience and empathy using the Connor-Davidson-Resilience-Scale-25 (CD-RISC-25) and the Kiersma-Chen-Empathy-Scale (KCES), examine potential associations with demographic characteristics and ascertain what challenges interns' resilience and which support mechanisms they identify. MethodsHard copies of the surveys were distributed to three cohorts during face-to-face intern pharmacy workshops from 2020 to 2022. Additionally, a qualitative questionnaire explored interns' experiences while completing an accredited internship program during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, open-ended questions were analysed through qualitative and quantitative content analysis. ResultsAmong 134 completed surveys, most respondents were female, aged 18–22, and worked in hospitals. The CD-RISC-25 mean score was 66.6 (SD 11.7) and the KCES mean was 84.3 (SD 9.23) indicative of intermediate levels of resilience and empathy. Resilience and empathy scores did not significantly differ between the three cohorts (p-value > 0.05), and both were not consistently correlated with each other (p-value > 0.05). No significant associations were found between demographic characteristics and resilience scores. However, age and pre-internship employment history showed a statistically significant association with empathy scores (p-value < 0.05), with younger age groups and those who worked part-time during undergraduate studies demonstrating higher levels of empathy. Challenges undermining interns' resilience included the COVID-19 pandemic, internship requirements, and feelings of inadequacy and inexperience. ConclusionsThis study showed that resilience and empathy scores among interns were at what can be regarded as intermediate levels, largely unaffected by the COVID-19 pandemic or cohort demographics. It highlights professional aspects and strategies which are professionally sustaining and may assist interns in navigating challenges to their resilience and empathy.

Effectiveness of spironolactone on schizophrenia symptoms: A double-blind randomized clinical trial

Introduction: Schizophrenia is a mental disorder in which the facts surrounding a person are interpreted as abnormal. The treatment aims to reduce symptoms and the possibility of disease recurrence. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of spironolactone on schizophrenia symptoms. Method: In this double-blind analytical and clinical study, 44 patients were randomly divided into two groups. The study was carried out in Quds Hospital and centers for psychiatric patients in Sanandaj city in 2019 and 2020. The number of patients decreased to 32 due to drug side effects and unwillingness to continue treatment. The instrument used was the scale test of positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Datum were analyzed using chi-square and ANOVA with repeated measurements and independent t-tests by SPSS-23 software. Results: The results showed that out of 44 patients studied, 37 (84.1%) were men and 7 (15.9%) were women. The imbalance was due to the small sample size. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of sex distribution, literacy level, marital status, employment history, and background medication use (P&gt;0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of reducing negative symptoms (P=0.666), positive symptoms (P=0.748) and general symptoms (P=0.342). Conclusion: According to the finding, spironolactone has no significant effect on reducing negative, positive, and general symptoms. Therefore, it is suggested to carry out more studies using this drug (by removing the limitations of this study) and other drugs.

177 Embracing choice: perspectives of older workers on extended working lives

Abstract Background Proposals to extend working lives are a frequent policy response to increasing older populations and associated pressures on state pension systems. However, all the consequences of a later retirement age are as yet unknown, with the perspectives of people potentially the first cohort of workers encouraged to remain in the workforce under-explored. Methods We conducted exploratory semi-structured interviews with 22 people aged between 51 and 63 in service industry occupations in Ireland. Falling just above low-income thresholds, this group were asked about their preparations for retirement, their views on continuing to work beyond anticipated retirement age and what measures, if any, can be implemented to facilitate working later in life. A thematic analysis was performed to provide a rich and detailed account of the perspectives of older workers as they approached retirement age. Results We found a general acceptance of working later in life, however this was contingent on several factors. The overarching enabler was continuing in good health with financial status a key underpinning motivator. For participants with insecure housing, patchwork employment histories and inadequate pension provisions, there was an impetus to continue working to generate savings before retirement. Often with less secure employment trajectories than previous generations, a leisurely retirement lifestyle was a diminishing prospect for our study participants. Working in multi-generational workplaces with the opportunity to shift to mentor roles was welcomed. As retirement approaches, measures such as reducing working hours while protecting existing welfare benefits would encourage people to remain in work for longer. Conclusion The complex and individual nature of continuing to work beyond expected retirement age requires flexible policy responses. An individualised approach to retirement which recognises the increasingly diverse nature of employment over the life-course is needed. This research contributes to advancing knowledge on how the choices of older workers can be facilitated in the context of our rapidly growing older population.

Community-recruited parent perspectives of concern dismissal by pediatric providers.

Effective communication is a central tenet of family centered care, yet parent concerns are sometimes un- or underattended to by pediatric providers. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of, and factors related to, parental perceptions of concern dismissal by pediatric providers. In Spring 2020, 270 community-recruited parents of children ages 6-12 years (74% White, 74% female, 69% married) responded to an online survey about perceived concern dismissal experiences with their children. Characteristics of concern dismissal, differences in concern dismissal occurrence by parent factors, and emotional and practical impacts were assessed and explored. Thirty-three percent reported having experienced concern dismissal, most often in pediatric primary care settings. Concern dismissal was reported more frequently among parents employed in health care settings than those without health care employment histories. Most dismissed concerns related to the child's physical health and many incidents were characterized by provider impoliteness or provision of less testing or treatment than expected or desired. Many parents expressed disappointment in the health care system after experiences of concern dismissal. Concern dismissal was found to be common and upsetting for community-recruited parents. Future research should incorporate child and provider perspectives with demographically diverse samples. Pediatric providers should continue to work toward implementation of family centered care to decrease the likelihood of perceived dismissal by thoroughly recognizing and responding to concerns presented by parents and caregivers of pediatric patients. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

The timing of parental unemployment and children's academic achievement.

In this study, I investigate the potential impact of parental unemployment on the academic achievement of children, with a particular focus on the child's age at the time of parental unemployment. While previous research has concentrated on isolated occurrences of unemployment, my study expands on this literature by examining the complete employment history of the parent over the child's life course and exploring how the effects of unemployment may vary based on similar past experiences. To achieve this, I combine population-wide data from the Danish administrative register with the results of mandatory Danish language tests administered in public schools since 2010 to determine whether parental unemployment affects academic performance at ages nine and fifteen. Using inverse probability treatment weighting of marginal structural models, I account for non-random unemployment occurrences and time-variant confounders that may partially mediate the effects of unemployment. My findings demonstrate that parental unemployment can have both persistent and immediate negative effects on children's academic achievement. Although no age period clearly emerges as especially sensitive to the impact of unemployment, the proximity of the unemployment event to the outcome measurement consistently results in a small negative effect on academic achievement. Additionally, the timing of unemployment appears to affect children's academic performance differently based on whether the mother or father experienced unemployment.

Early Detection of Preeclampsia Through Urine Protein Examination as a Means of Maternal Emergency Prevention

A decrease in urine albumin levels in pregnant women, which can be checked through urine protein examination, is an indicator used to determine whether a pregnant woman is experiencing preeclampsia. Preeclampsia has become a cause of increasing morbidity and mortality rates which affects both mothers and newborns. This research aimed to early detect the preeclampsia through urine protein examination and see the correlation between the characteristics of the research subjects and urine protein. Used a descriptive design with a correlational design, the urine protein from 36 pregnant women was examined in their second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Next, univariate analysis was carried out and Spearman Correlation test was used in bivariate analysis for abnormally distributed ordinal data while the Contingency Coefficient Correlation test was carried out for data that used abnormally distributed nominal scale. Based on the bivariate analysis, the variables of age, education, employment, and obstetric history obtained a significant value of p value&gt;0,05, showed no correlation with urine protein. Contrarily, the blood pressure variable had a significant value of p 0,049 &lt; 0,05. Pregnant women in gestational age of &gt;20 weeks with high blood pressure must examine the urine protein immediately to early detect preeclampsia and prevent maternal emergencies.

Does previous sickness absence affect work participation after vocational labour market training? A difference-in-differences propensity score matching approach.

Reduced work ability is relatively common among job seekers and it can hinder future labour market attachment. A commonly used measure to increase employability is the use of active labour market programmes. While vocational labour market training (LMT) has been shown to be an effective way to increase work participation among job seekers, there is still uncertainty about how LMT works in different population groups, for example, among persons with a work disability history. We used nationally representative Finnish register data on 16 062 LMT participants in 2008-2015 aged 25-59 with a history of sickness absence (SA) and propensity score matched participants without such history. For matching, we used information on sociodemographic and work-related factors. We used difference-in-differences analysis to investigate the differential changes in work participation before and after LMT between those with and those without SA history. Having a history of SA was associated with a lower gain in work participation after LMT, but the magnitude varied by sex, employment history and follow-up time. In women, having a history of SA contributed to 3.9-6.2 percentage points smaller increase in work participation 1-3 years after LMT, depending on the employment history. In men, the corresponding numbers were 2.0-4.3 percentage points. The results were more pronounced if the SA was due to mental disorders. The results indicate that work disability, especially due to mental disorders, can hamper work participation after LMT and should be considered when planning employment-enhancing measures for job seekers.

Adding Pals to KidneyPal: Creating a Virtual Patient and Family Advisory Council for Kidney Palliative Care.

Patient and family advisory councils (PFACs) represent one method of engaging patients and families in clinical program development and research, but existing practices too often exclude marginalized and minority voices. As a kidney palliative care team (KidneyPal) at a large academic medical center, we sought to create a PFAC that explicitly considered equity and inclusion in its approach to advisor recruitment. We developed two major innovations to reduce selection bias in our KidneyPal PFAC: adaptation to an entirely virtual process and alteration of the advisor recruitment and enrollment process. We eliminated several potential barriers to participation for our patients and their family members, a population with higher rates of advanced age, nonwhite ethnicity, and limited English proficiency than the local general population. We removed application requirements including lengthy online training modules, detailed employment history, a personal essay, and a criminal background check. The KidneyPal PFAC may act as a model for improving equity and inclusion in virtual patient advisory councils.

The IAB-SMART-Mobility Module: An Innovative Research Dataset with Mobility Indicators Based on Raw Geodata

Abstract The ubiquity of smartphones has enabled the collection of novel data through their built-in sensors, including geolocation data which can be used to understand mobility behavior. In this project, we leveraged longitudinal geolocation data collected from participants in the 2018 German app study IAB-SMART to develop a set of mobility indicators, such as visited unique locations and traveled distance. The indicators can be linked to the Panel Study Labour Market and Social Security (PASS) survey and administrative employment histories. The resulting novel dataset offers a unique opportunity to study the relationship between mobility and labor market outcomes. This article provides an overview of the study, outlines the data preparation process, and the socio-demographic characteristics of the 398 participants of the IAB-SMART-Mobility module. We present the mobility indicators generated from the geolocation data and provide guidance for accessing the Institute for Employment Research’s (IAB) data.

Use of outpatient healthcare services before and after the onset of unemployment: A register-based propensity score matched study from Finland.

The aim was to examine the use of outpatient healthcare services in different sectors of healthcare before and after the onset of unemployment and to study whether job loss affected the use of these services. Longitudinal individual-level register-based data was utilized on all individuals living in the City of Oulu, Finland, who became unemployed in 2017 (N = 1,999), their propensity matched controls (N = 1,999), and unmatched controls (N = 58,459) in a quasi-experimental design. Use of outpatient healthcare services was examined in one-month periods from 12 months before to 12 months after the onset of unemployment. Several socio-demographic factors, along with sickness and employment histories, were used for matching. Difference-in-differences analysis was used to measure the differences in the use of outpatient healthcare services between the unemployed and their matched controls. The use of health services decreased significantly after the onset of unemployment. This was due to a decrease in the use of occupational health services. No change related to job loss was observed in the use of public or private healthcare services. The number of healthcare visits increased again after the unemployment ended. Difference-in-differences analyses showed that compared to propensity score matched controls, becoming unemployed reduced the use of health services. When access to occupational healthcare services ceases, other health services do not appear to fill the gap among those who become unemployed. Adequate healthcare services should be guaranteed to all population groups equally based on need, irrespective of the labour market status.

Routes to healthy ageing: the role of lifecourse patterns

Abstract Healthy ageing is a dynamic process, but only a few studies use a longitudinal perspective to investigate the routes to healthy ageing and rarely do so in comparative perspective. This study adopts a holistic multi-domain approach in order to investigate the importance of lifecourse patterns for healthy ageing in Europe, as measured by the Global Activity Limitation Indicator (GALI) and using seven waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Employment and family histories are identified through sequence analysis and used as predictors, together with childhood conditions, in multivariate ordered logistic models covering a sample of 15,952 participants aged 60–65 years. The results showed that ‘non-standard’ employment and family patterns hamper healthy ageing and that these negative effects tend to reinforce each other across the employment and family domains rather than compensating for each other – especially in women. Welfare states, however, moderate these associations. The findings promote the adoption of a lifecourse approach to healthy ageing that considers multiple domains simultaneously and addresses unfavourable life conditions as early as possible in an attempt to mitigate their effects.

Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer Incidence at Ibnu Sina Hospital Makassar

Cervical cancer is a malignant tumor that occurs in the cervical region at the end of the cervix. Based on data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), it is known that the second highest cause of death is cervical cancer, reaching 460,000 cases and 230,000 women deaths. Cervical cancer is caused by HPV infection and several factors, namely age, parity, age of first sexual intercourse, number of sexual partners history, HPV vaccination history, smoking history, and oral contraceptives history. To determine the risk factors for cervical cancer incidence at Ibnu Sina Hospital Makassar. This was descriptive retrospective study method. With cross sectional research design. The total sample was 68 people with cervical cancer at Ibnu Sina Hospital Makassar. The distribution of age 30-60 years (85.3%), parity &gt;3 (57.4%), and age of first sexual intercourse &gt;17 years (85.3%). There was no history of using oral contraceptives (54.4%), HPV vaccination history (97.1%), and smoking history (98.5%). Having only 1 history of number of sexual partners (89.7%), employment history was not out of town (63.2%), and the most common type of cervical cancer was squamous cell carcinoma (76.5%). The distribution of risk factors for the incidence of Cervical Cancer at Ibnu Sina Hospital was mostly found at the age of 30-60 years, parity&gt; 3, age of first sexual intercourse &gt;17 years, no history of using oral contraceptives, no HPV vaccination history, no smoking history, having 1 history of sexual partners, work history not out of town, and the type of cervical cancer is squamous cell carcinoma.

Employment over the life course and post-retirement social networks: a gendered perspective.

The present study examines how different lifelong employment patterns are related to social relationships in old age, and whether there are gender differences in the impact of lifelong employment patterns. The study was based on data collected among European adults as part of the Health, Aging and Retirement Survey in Europe (SHARE) and focuses on retired adults. The study combines data on social relationships, collected in 2015, with retrospective data on employment history (number of jobs and years of employment) collected in 2017. The findings show that adults who worked in more jobs had overall better structural characteristics of their later life networks - they had larger social networks and were more likely to include children and friends within those networks but less likely to include their spouse. On the other hand, working in more jobs was related to less emotional closeness with the network. These results varied between men and women; women who were involved in the labor market over their life had larger social networks and tended to include friends as confidants. Among men, working for more years was related to higher emotional closeness with the social network. The study may indicate a gendered pattern of social advantages and disadvantages to involvement in the labor market over the work course. Practitioners should consider the lifelong employment of adults to identify those who might be at risk of social isolation.

Next career recommendation in Mississippi with artificial intelligence

Connecting unemployed people to job openings has been a challenge post-pandemic. With the help of artificial intelligence and big data, we addressed this issue by creating a deep learning model to provide realistic job recommendations for unemployed people based on the employment history of each individual. First, the transfer learning model was applied to match job titles and O*NET Standard Occupational Classification (OSOC) codes using data on job seekers from the Mississippi Department of Employment Security, where OSOC is a standard occupational classification-based system used by U.S. federal agencies to classify workers into occupational categories. Next, a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model was created for career pathway prediction, to generate the top three OSOC job recommendations based on the individual’s employment history. The final model accuracy was 72.8% when an individual’s education history was included.

“I’m Going to Be a Working Person”: Self-Determination in Employment Settings for Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) often face societal barriers to accessing employment due to stigma and discrimination. For people with IDD who have an employment history, little is known about their experiences in accessing employment opportunities. Self-determination behaviors are considered an integral component to a successful adulthood, yet there is limited research that gives voice to people with IDD describing their self-determination and experiences with employment. This study used qualitative content analysis to examine self-determination behaviors in employment experiences of 18 adults with disabilities. Participants provided clear examples of self-determined behaviors which benefited their navigation in work and life. Participants shared advice for other adults with IDD on how to attain employment. Implications for future research and practices are provided.

Musculoskeletal Disorders among Traditional Bangladeshi Fishermen

Background: Fishing is one of the most important economic activities in riverine Bangladesh. We studied musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among Bangladeshi fishermen which is generally high.Objective: To study patterns and extend of MSDs among Bangladeshi fishermen.Materials and Methods: A total 150 fishermen enrolled with at least six months employment history attended at out-patient department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation of Khwaja Yunus Ali Medical College and Hospital of Sirajganj district, Bangladesh, in this cross-sectional study using a random sampling procedure. The Nordic Questionnaire was used to assess work-related musculoskeletal disorders. To determine the significance of age, BMI and working experience with pain and discomfort in different regions of the body, Pearson Correlation test was done.Results: Musculoskeletal disorder among fishermen due to extreme physical demand during the hauling of fishing nets on the raft in Jamuna River and its tributaries with the prevalence significantly higher. All body region were affected by musculoskeletal problems, among them the highest prevalence found in lower back and lowest in upper back (37.3%) region. There were significant associations of age with wrist pain (P=0.039), lower back pain (0.025) and knee pain (0.021). There was no significant association of BMI with any pain or discomfort. Total working experience of fishermen had significant association with pain or discomfort within last 12 months in shoulder (p=0.008), wrist (0.023), lower back (0.022) and knee (0.001).Conclusion: Long hours of fishing in a traditional fishing boat with age-old equipments adopting inconvenient ergonomic posture can lead high prevalence of musculoskeletal problems among fishermen. KYAMC Journal Vol. 14, No. 01, April 2023: 11-15

Pengaruh Penempatan Kerja Dan Pengalaman Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada PT Indonesia Trans Network

In this investigation, we'll find out whether work placement and work experience affect employee performance at PT. Indonesia Trans Network. In this study employing analytical techniques, namely where the subjects of this study amounted to 31 employees of PT. Indonesia Trans Network. The sample is census sampling or saturated sampling, namely the whole populace is employed as a study example. The method of data analysis employs multiple linear regression using SPSS version 26 software. The results of the research by testing the hypothesis show that work placement and employment history have a favorable and significant impact on employees' performance at PT. Indonesia Trans Network. The proportion of the two variables on employee performance is 57%, while the remaining 43% is influenced by other factors in the regression model.

Undermining, defending or expanding EU citizenship? CSOs’ positions on providing humanitarian assistance to EU citizens with limited rights to public welfare services in Norway

ABSTRACT This article explores the positions of Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) on providing humanitarian assistance to European Union (EU) citizens with limited rights to public welfare services in Norway through 19 interviews with leaders of humanitarian services run by CSOs in Oslo. The article shows a contradictory picture. On one side, leaders expressed awareness and concern regarding risks associated with the provision of humanitarian services in a country with a comprehensive and ambitious welfare state. These include creating parallel welfare services based on charity rather than rights, and that such services may hide structural violence, or give it a humane façade, thus potentially contributing to the legitimacy and preservation of exclusionary welfare policies and practices. On the other side, service leaders were sceptical towards granting all EU citizens equal access to public welfare benefits and services and reported advocating for the expansion of humanitarian services rather than inclusionary rights for all EU citizens in Norway. We suggest that this may indicate an acceptance of the EU’s principle of conditionality of welfare support on employment history, and a limited willingness or capacity of CSOs to engage in advocacy that could contribute to alternative narratives about EU citizenship and challenge structural exclusion.

Diversity of employment biographies and prospects of middle-aged welfare recipients

Employment re-entry opportunities decrease with age. For middle-aged welfare benefit recipients, employment obstacles connected to age exacerbate further disadvantages connected to welfare receipt. At the same time, there is considerable diversity in middle-aged welfare benefit recipients’ long-term employment trajectories, which has thus far received little attention. Policies aim to increase labour market participation at higher ages. To this end, it is important to understand specific difficulties and to be realistic when formulating goals for people with very diverse types of employment histories. Using large-scale register data, this paper’s focus is on a cohort aged 45–54 in August 2012 in Germany. Sequence analysis aids in identifying characteristics relevant to employment histories over the past 19 years, from January 1993 to July 2012. Subsequent employment outcomes over the time span September 2012 to December 2018 are investigated, differentiating between jobs of different quality, and effects of training programmes on these outcomes are analysed using entropy balancing methods. Findings are that middle-aged welfare recipients’ employment biographies are very diverse, ranging from very little employment experience, over long histories of intermittent employment, to long continuous employment histories. Employment history attributes significantly affect employment prospects. The analyses further show that it is not too late to invest in skills, independent of employment history type.

Socio-Economic Relationship, Mother's Occupational Status and History of Infectious Diseases in Toddlers Age 12-36 Months

Based on 2018 basic health research data, the stunting rate in Indonesia reaches 30.8 percent, the target of the World Health Organization (WHO) is that the stunting rate should not be more than 20%. In Kapencar village the number of stunting toddlers is still high, from 30.14%, stunting can be caused by low income, maternal employment status and a history of infectious diseases.The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between socioeconomic status, maternal employment status and history of infectious disease with the incidence of stunting in toddlers aged 12-36 months.This research was conducted in the village of Kapencar. This study uses an analytical survey with a case control design. The population in this study were mothers who had stunted toddlers in the village of Kapencar in the area of the Kertek 2 Health Center. The sampling technique was simple random sampling. The independent variables in this study were socioeconomic status, maternal employment status and history of infectious disease. The dependent variable in this study is stunting.The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the mother's work status (p=0.004; OR=6.120), history of diarrheal disease (p=0.001; OR=9,667), history of respiratory disease (p=0.004; OR=6,600) and the incidence of stunting in toddlers aged 12-36 months. There was no relationship between economic status (p = 0.315; OR = 1.889) with the incidence of stunting.The results of this study are expected for families, especially mothers, to pay more attention to the health status of their toddlers, because with good monitoring attention can provide good care as well.