Employment Generation Research Articles

Nutritional and cooking quality of grains from different commercial classes of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.)

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) is a crop of great socioeconomic importance in the Northeast region of Brazil, being a generator of employment and income for thousands of people and a source of proteins, minerals, diet fibers and bioactive compounds, which help in the prevention of various diseases. This work aimed to evaluate the nutritional and cooking quality of grains from different commercial classes of cowpea. Raw and cooked grains from 10 cowpea genotypes were evaluated. The proximate composition and total energy value (TEV) were determined, according to AOAC; iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) contents, by ICP-OES; phytic acid content by method 986.11 AOAC; and cooking quality, using an electric pressure cooker and Matsson cooker. The nutritional and cooking quality index (IQNC) was estimated, considering proteins, Fe, Zn, Se, and cooking quality as positive characteristics and the phytic acid content as a negative characteristic. Genotype means were grouped using the Scott-Knott test (p<0.05) and raw and cooked grains using Student's t test (p<0.05). There were significant differences between genotypes for all traits except for proteins and carbohydrates in raw grains. Cooking increased protein content in genotypes IT97KD-1042 and BRS Olhonegro, and Zn, in all genotypes, and reduced phytic acid by 10.43 to 30.64%. Cooking quality was greater than 52% for all genotypes. The cultivars BRS Tumucumaque, BRS Imponente and BRS Olhonegro, both belonging to the white commercial class, highlighted with the highest IQNC. These cultivars can be used in programs aimed at combating malnutrition and confirm the nutritional value of cowpea and the quality contribution it can provide when included in a balanced diet.

Contribution of the real estate sector in the city of esmeraldas: a sustainable and sustainable vision

The study analyzes the factors that contribute to the sustainable and sustainable development of the real estate sector in the city of Esmeraldas, in terms of employment generation, investment promotion, sustainable urban development and tax revenue generation. Therefore, the research focused onto analyze the contribution of the real estate sector in the city of Esmeraldas towards a sustainable and sustainable vision . The study was based on the type of documentary research, which allowed to deepen the most relevant findings on the contribution of the real estate sector to boost the local economy. Among its derivations, it is highlighted that the real estate sector in Esmeraldas is channeled in the construction of properties oriented towards the sale and rental of real estate, experiencing significant changes in the period 2015-2021, with a gradual increase in the execution of construction projects supported by public and private investment, allowing the local economic reactivation and contributing to sustainable development, valuing and promoting the competences of the local economy.

A Study on Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises in Tamil Nadu: Growth, Contribution and Problems with Special Reference to Chennai and Thiruvallur Districts

Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (MSME) development has been one of the main planks of India’s financial development approach considering the fact that independence. In most of the developed nations, the function played by MSME is enormous. Many Nations, each evolved and growing countries projected that the small enterprise quarter is carrier ache for the boom and for advent of new employment opportunities broadly in a short duration. Employment is the exceptional way to lessen poverty within the united states traditional characteristic and vintage strategies is out dated. The final results isn't enough to satisfy the primary elements of the people, as it add advantageous outcomes to the India’s gross home products. MSME performs a prime function in Indian monetary shape. Its improvement is plenty higher than different growing international locations with the development of small business sector. It has coined many polices geared toward the development of the industries in public and private domain, specially in MSME. MSME plays a pivotal function in deliberate development in India all through the past 10 years with its benefits of low investment, the immoderate potential for employment generations, type of the industrial base, and scattering industries to rural or semi-urban areas. It has slowed to the general development inside the finances of GDP, employment generation, and specialists. The execution of the MSME zone has an immediate effect on the improvement of the normal economy.

SMEs, Employment Generation, and Islamic Finance

Almost wherever the economy is growing, small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) are the ones doing the heavy lifting. Who are these SMEs? How does the definition of SME differ across different countries? What are the contributions of SMEs in terms of employment and GDP? How can Islamic finance play a significant role in scaling up the business performance of SMEs and, subsequently, their contribution to employment and the economy? What are the issues and challenges faced by SMEs and Islamic finance that would resolve into greater employment generation? Addressing all these questions, this paper provides an overview of SMEs globally and their definitions in different countries as well as in Malaysia. Simultaneously, some issues and challenges are discussed. Furthermore, the paper presents Islamic finance as a better solution to the financial accessibility of SMEs in future economic activities. The paper thus attempts to illustrate a model or framework that would work well for SMEs to generate productive employment opportunities in their respective economies. To achieve the objectives of this paper, secondary data was used to present all the statistical figures and tables. For any generalizations, recommendations, or conclusions, an extensive review of literature from various sources was conducted.

AN ANALYSIS OF ROLE OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN MSME SECTOR IN INDIA

Micro, small and medium enterprises or MSMEs are called the Growth Engines of Indian economy as they contribute immensely in its growth and development through industrialization and employment generation. With the growth in MSME sector it has also provided entrepreneurial opportunities to women which has resulted in positive socio-economic impact in India. This study is an endeavour to assess the current scenario of women entrepreneurs in the MSME sector. The findings of the study shows that the share of women owned MSMEs is 20.37% is India whereas share of male owned MSMEs is 79.63%, which reflects the male dominance in MSME sector. In comparison in female owned MSMEs West Bengal has the largest share of 23.42% of women owned MSMEs. The MSMEs has grown over time but there is still need to work to increase the contribution of female entrepreneurs in the sector.

Employment Generation by Small Businesses in Kolar

With the fast mechanization of agriculture and the slowly emerging picture of traditional methods of agricultural relapsing the vast rural labour force and piece meal workers were left in the lurch without any form of sustenance. In this hauntingly real scenario the emergence of small businesses has come as a whiff of fresh air in a backward and dry Kolar district. With very less construction activity no immediate employment available this gap has been filled up by the mushrooming of these small businesses in Kolar and Bangarapet an adjoining taluk to Kolar. Due to the ripple effect any development in Kolar is felt enormously in Bangarapet. The sample size was one hundred and fifty taken from both Kolar as well as Bangarapet. For the study purpose. Area selected was Kolar town and Bangarapet town and the rural areas in both the talukas was not selected for survey. Tailoring Businesses or Warehouses (garments) only and not leather goods or items) besides textile shops or Clothing showrooms which absorbed most of the women and male agricultural labour was chosen for sampling. Simple random sampling was done and descriptive analysis was followed. Percentage method was used for data classification and tabulation. On the field survey was conducted and interview method was followed. A questionnaire was designed for data collection purposes. Eleven tailoring ware houses were sampled with five done in Kolar and six done in Bangarapet. In the cloth shops totally ten were sampled where five were done in Kolar and other five in Bangarapet. The findings showed that all those working in tailoring shops earned around Rupees 5000 to Rupees 6000 per week both men and women earned the same wages (pay parity prevailed). The proprietor being men for all the large and small tailoring shops in Kolar and Bangarapet . One hundred and thirty employed were women and twenty were men. This revealed that more women were employed in in tailoring shops and in cloth shops as shop assistants. All in all as rural labour absorption was done in Kolar and Bangarapet itself and so there was no rural urban migration to Bangalore. This study concludes with the revelation that small towns itself are capable of absorbing unemployed rural labour. Thus backward districts have started employment generation for poor agriculture labour. But this won’t be possible if the state government and private investors did not earmark many industrial enclaves and started many small scale enterprises, technical and medical colleges for employment purposes.

A Comprehensive Analysis of Financing Challenges and Strategies for Small-Scale Industries

Abstract: Small-scale industries (SSIs) constitute a vital sector in India's economic landscape, contributing significantly to employment and fostering entrepreneurship. However, SSIs face persistent challenges in accessing adequate financing, impacting their growth potential. This research investigates the financing landscape of SSIs in India, specifically focusing on Lucknow as a case study. Through a mixed-methods approach involving surveys and interviews, the study explores the challenges faced by SSIs, evaluates various financing mechanisms, and assesses the impact of government policies. Findings highlight high-interest rates, collateral requirements, and financial literacy as major challenges. Bank loans dominate as a financing source, while microfinance and government schemes play substantial roles. The Prime Minister's Employment Generation Programme receives positive feedback. The study contributes valuable insights to policymakers and stakeholders working towards enhancing financial inclusion for SSIs.

Strategic impact of knowledge entrepreneurship on foreign direct investment in Nigeria

The study investigated the strategic impact of knowledge entrepreneurship on Foreign Direct investment in Nigeria. This study examined the rate of foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Nigeria because the country has witnessed massive downward sliding of foreign direct investment in recent times. To solve this problem, this study is aimed at ascertaining the nature of impact Knowledge entrepreneurship has on foreign direct investment. The study also investigated the cause of the massive downward sliding of foreign direct investment in Nigeria. This study adopted the survey design. Simple random sampling technique was used in selecting the 200 staff of selected foreign direct investment firms in Nigeria. Findings revealed that there is a positive and significant relationship between knowledge entrepreneurship and Foreign Direct investment in Nigeria. This means that the knowledge of Foreign Direct Investment opportunity in another country will accelerate the action of the entrepreneur in taking advantage of the opportunity to make profit in that country. This is in tandem with Knowledge Spillover Theory of Entrepreneurship. Knowledge entrepreneurship has the potency to attract foreign direct investment hence the positive and significant correlation. The study also found that knowledge entrepreneurship has resulted in technological transfer to Nigeria and employment generation as well as increased profitability and market share of the FDI operating in Nigeria.The study concludes that knowledge entrepreneurship is a viable business model in Nigeria and that the reason for the massive and downward sliding of Foreign Direct Investment in Nigeria currently is as a result of the national challenges of high insecurity and exchange rate volatility.

The Economic and Geopolitical Implications of China's Belt and Road Initiative in Eastern Europe: A Case Study on Serbia

This paper critically analyses the economic and geopolitical consequences of China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) on Serbia. The primary focus is on the initiative's effects on the country's infrastructure development, employment, and trade sectors. The study adopts a positivist research ethic and employs a deductive technique. It utilizes quantitative methodologies by administering an online survey to 350 practitioners actively engaged in BRI projects in Serbia. The data analysis was conducted using the SPSS program. The research findings demonstrate that the infrastructure investment and employment generation associated with the BRI have had notable positive impacts on Serbia's economic and geopolitical development. Moreover, it has been discovered that trade dynamics with China have the potential to bolster economic growth and foster positive geopolitical relations. Nevertheless, the study admits many limitations, including a restricted sample size and the lack of qualitative data. Future study recommendations encompass the need for enhanced stakeholder engagement on a wider scale and the implementation of longitudinal studies to effectively capture the dynamic and evolving impacts over time.

A Study on Financial Performance of SFURTI -Scheme of Fund for Regeneration of Traditional Industries

Khadi Village Industries Commissions (KVIC) is a prominent scheme formed under MSME which promotes the growth of the rural economy but is not able to reach out to the targeted people. Scheme of Fund for Regeneration of Traditional Industries (SFURTI) is a scheme under KVIC which aims at bridging the gap between rich and poor by way of development of rural entrepreneurs, this scheme was launched during the 11th Five Year Plan to encourage rural entrepreneurship. It was revised during the 12th Five Year Plan which eliminated the limitation of the existing scheme. The study highlights the brief history and types of schemes offered by KVIC and also the physical performance of SFURTI has been analysed. The study is carried out using descriptive and exploratory research methodology to find out the outcomes of the study. The research has enabled to assess the employment generation, production, and sales under Khadi and village industries and the financial performance of SFRUTI

Socio-Economic and Psychological Attributes of Sugarcane Grovers of Barelilly District of Uttar Pradesh

The study was conducted in Bareilly district U.P., and the result of study will assist to various government organisation, stakeholders, sugarcane industry and NGOs to frame a specific programme, plan and policy for their further developments. The sugarcane industry refers to processing, manufacturing and value addition of sugarcane produces to produce jaggery, sugar, bagasse, molasses, papers, plastic, alcohol and biofuels etc. It is one of the most important sectors of the Indian economy, as it contributes to the rural development, employment generation, and export earnings. The study was carried out with 100 respondents. The result explore that, majority of respondents (70%) belong to middle age group, most of them (80%) were literate with formally educated (25%) up to high school level, majority of them (58%) were belongs to other backward cast, with mostly of them (96%) were Hindu, their family were nuclear type (64%) with medium family size (65%), majority of them (42%) were small land holders, maximum (87%) had pukka house, and agriculture as a main occupation, majority of respondents (45%) belong to ₹120001- ₹180000 annual income, they were (100%) ensure participation in gram panchayat activity, majority of them (62%) have medium level of overall material possession, under the various aspect of material possession, most of respondents (93%) possess diesel engine, they were (100%) perform their agriculture field operation by use of sickle, most of them (99%) were also use bicycle as a transportation mean, they (100%) had cots as household materials possession, most of them (55%) were medium level of communicational media, also most of them (65%) and (66%) were have medium level of economic motivation and risk orientation respectively.

Impact of Temperature and Precipitation Anomalies on Unemployment

This paper adopted econometric analysis to examine the impact of increased temperature and precipitation anomalies on unemployment. An annual time series data on Nigeria is obtained from 1991 to 2023, covering annual temperature anomalies, average precipitation anomalies and unemployment rate. Results obtained indicate that a 1 percent increase in temperature anomaly, raises unemployment by 0.006 percent, while a 1 per cent increase in precipitation anomaly raises unemployment by 0.008 in the short run. Similarly, a1 percent increase in temperature anomaly, raises unemployment by 0.28 percent, while 1 percent increase in precipitation anomaly, raises unemployment by 0.7 per cent. These anomalies and their resultant risks are likely to slow down productivity and output. Accordingly, as climate related risks have different frequency and temporal distribution compared to other types of risks, taking these risks from a policy perspective requires concerted effort and leadership. Policy makers ought to ensure that adverse effects of climate change touches jobs and the economy in a positive way. It is therefore imperative to strengthen leadership and innovation around macroeconomic policies to integrate climate adaptation and mitigation strategies into the mainstream economic policy objectives. Thus, to achieve a long-term sustainable growth, economic policies should combine the trio-goals of employment generation, economic stability and environmental sustainability.

Recent Advances in Digital Twins for Agriculture 5.0: Applications and Open Issues in Livestock Production Systems

The potential application of the digital twins concept and its principles to all industries, including agriculture, has recently been the subject of considerable research interest. Since livestock farming is one of the mainstays of the agricultural industry, contributing to food security as well as employment and income generation, digital twins appear to be a promising technology to address issues related to the intensive nature of livestock production systems, which are typically characterized by high levels of input and output. The objective of this study is to identify and analyze the latest scientific and technological contributions in the field of digital twins technology, with a view to its adoption and assimilation in livestock production systems in the context of Agriculture 5.0. In particular, the aim of this study is to synthesize the existing research and identify the opportunities and open issues related to the implementation of digital twins in livestock production systems. The results derived in the literature review indicate that digital twins is still in the early stages of development in livestock farming, but it has the potential to transform the industry. As Agriculture 5.0 evolves and the digital twins technology matures, it is expected to play an increasingly important role in the livestock farming industry.

Ideas of well-being economy in the theories of local self-government

Mostly center–periphery model of territorial development, long-standing domination of transfers in the structure of municipal budget revenues have formed the protracted, chronic nature of the socioeconomic problems. This necessitates refining goals, principles and content of municipal government, especially in the economic sphere. The paper aims to revise the propositions of the theories of local self-government against the backdrop of the emerging concept of well-being economy, which together constitute the methodological basis of the research. The study applies a suite of general scientific methods, including retrospective analysis and systematisation. Based on the review of pre-revolutionary works of Russian scientists and essayists for 1870–1917 devoted to zemstvo and town and city self-government, the paper deduces an image of well-being of a territory under local government. In particular, its well-being presupposes providing local internal and external amenities, care for food security, health, education, safety from various threats (fires, diseases, crime); organising the economic life of a territory through the municipalisation of socially important industries and services, generation of employment, as well as stimulation of economic activity through cooperation and issuing loans. Having compared the narratives of the well-being economy concept and the propositions of the theories of local self-government, the paper demonstrates that this concept can be implemented by means of local self-government, since their theoretical bases correspond to each other. The study concludes that there is a need to realise the potential of the local government system laid down by Alexander II, emperor of Russia. This requires making the interaction between residents and local government closer, disseminating knowledge about municipal government, and providing greater financial opportunities to local authorities so that they could concentrate on addressing local problems and expressing residents’ interests.

Does Vulnerable Youth Moderate the Relationship of Education, Training, and E-Learning on Sustainable Employment Generation and Social Empowerment?

Purpose, he purpose of this study is to look at the effect of education, training and e-learning as well as emotional intelligence on sustainable employment generation and social empowerment with vulnerable youth as a moderator. Design/methodology/approach, The subjects of this study are workers with a maximum of 4 years experience and have used e-learning in Indonesia. The pre-test was conducted on 30 respondents and then collected 154 respondent data. Reliability and validity testing was carried out then the data was processed using SEM analysis. Findings, The results of this study show that SUEG and SEMP are positively and significantly influenced by ETL. EI affects SUEG positively and significantly. next VY moderated the relationship between ETL and SEMP negatively and not significantly. Then, VY moderated the relationship between ETL and SUEG negatively and significantly. Practical implications, It is hoped that the results of this research can become the basis for policies to improve the abilities and expertise of new graduates so that they are then able to reduce unemployment, poverty and displaced people. With the hope of strengthening economic growth and improving the welfare of the Indonesian people. Originality/value, Comprehensive research from the field of education and its impact on employment and social empowerment with the added influence of Emotional Intelligence and moderation from Vulnerable Youth is very rarely done so this becomes a scientific gap that must be filled.

Carbon footprint and employment generation produced by ICT networks for Internet deployment: A multi-regional input-output analysis

Internet is widely regarded as a necessary resource for economic and social development. The availability of this technology requires the deployment of ICT networks which have implications not only on the natural surroundings but also on the human environment. Understanding the impact generated on key areas of socio-ecological concern such as carbon footprint and employment generation is essential to ensure well-informed decision-making. This investigation utilized multiregional environmentally extended input-output (MRIO) methodology to evaluate the carbon footprint and the employment generation associated with providing internet to six geo-demographic scenarios, from urban to remote rural, using Peru as a reference site. The results showed that most of the carbon emissions (289–340 kg CO2 eq./subs./yr.) and employment (7–8 jobs/subs./yr.) associated with larger ICT networks intended for urban and suburban areas was attributable to the manufacturing of end-user devices. The sustainability of smaller ICT networks for rural areas was dominated by the construction of shared infrastructures (mainly 4G LTE equipment), while the contribution of the energy consumed was in all cases limited. Although the analysis considered ICT networks deployed in Peru, most impacts were generated in China, where the manufacturing of the electronic components was assumed to take place. This analysis highlights the value of econometric methods for sustainability assessment such as MR-EEIO, which are complementary to the more conventional process-based E-LCA.

Small and medium enterprise (SME) competitiveness and employment creation: the mediating role of SME growth

Owing to the growing inability of the state to provide employment for citizens globally, SME growth now appeals to many people as the solution to employment generation and by implication, economic growth and development. Flowing from the capabilities based view (CBV) theory, this study investigated SME competitiveness and employment creation to explain how SME competitiveness can contribute to national income through employment creation using SME growth as a mediator. The design was a cross-sectional survey of 93 respondents from SMEs in Nigeria. The study used a structured questionnaire to collect the research data and used structural equation modelling to analyse the data. The results indicate that product innovation and product differentiation have significant relationships with employment generation owing to their capacity to enhance SME growth. Secondly, SME growth mediates the relationship between SME competitiveness (product differentiation, innovation and imitation) and employment generation. This study differs from previous ones through its use of product line, innovation, differentiation, and imitation in a single framework to operationalise SME competitiveness as well as the mediation of the relationship between SME competitiveness and employment generation with the growth rate of SMEs. In addition, the study makes a theoretical contribution through the use of a firm’s activity based capabilities to demonstrate its competitiveness.

Fiscal Policy and Unemployment Nexus in Nigeria: An Empirical Analysis (1990–2021)

ABSTRACT: This study assessed the fiscal policy and unemployment nexus in Nigeria using time series data covering 1990 to 2021. Economic downturn, poor living standard, inadequate employment generation and increasing unemployment rate are sources of concern and worry. Job creation seems not to be getting the needed attention in the scheme of economic policies in Nigeria. The proxies for fiscal policy were: government capital expenditure (GCE), government revenue expenditure (GRE), government external debt (GED) and government total revenue (GTR), while that for unemployment was the unemployment rate. Specifically, this sought to examine the nexus between GCE and unemployment rate, GRE and unemployment rate, GED and unemployment rate, and GTR and unemployment rate. The ex-post-facto research design was used while the hypotheses were tested at 5% significance level. The time series data obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin was analyzed using the OLS technique. The test results showed that: GCE had a coefficient of 3.84 and a probability of 0.9893; GRE had -0.000481 coefficient and a probability of 0.6365; GED had 0.000584 coefficient and a probability of 0.1292 while GTR had 0.002070 coefficient and a probability of 0.0000. The probability f-statistic value of 0.000000 showed that proxies for fiscal policy are jointly significant to the unemployment rate. The adjusted R2 and Durbin-Watson values were 86% and 1.798125 respectively. It was recommended that the federal government should: (1) apply her capital expenditure properly and direct it to sectors that will help create more jobs and reduce unemployment rate, (2) make her recurrent expenditure to be supportive of the various government infrastructures, (3) drastically reduce her growing and high debt profile without commensurate job opportunities, (4) use her revenue to drive the economy instead of being applied on non-productive, white elephant projects or misappropriated.

AGRICULTURAL SECTOR FINANCING AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION IN NIGERIA

This study empirically evaluated the effect of financing the Nigeria’s agricultural sector on employment generation from 1990 to 2021. Theories adopted include: Financial Development Theory, Supply Leading Theory and Classical Theory of Unemployment. Annual time series data extracted from Central Bank of Nigeria’s statistical bulletin and World Bank’s World Development Indicators were used. The methodological processes of the ordinary technique of Least Squares (OLS) and the vector technique of Error Correction (VECM) Modelling were applied for estimations. The results from unit root’s tests showed all variables as stationary at I(1), that is orders one. Following this, the OLS and VECM estimates’ results established that agricultural sector received bank credits, government’s expenditures in the sector, Credit Guarantee Scheme Fund in agriculture and foreign aids in agricultural sector had short-run and long-run positively significant influences on employment generation while foreign direct investment in agricultural sector is insignificantly positive on employment generation. Sequel to the results, it is concluded that agricultural financing significantly contributes to employment generation in Nigeria. Therefore, suggested recommendations among others are that government’s expenditures in agricultural sector should be increased and other sources of financing for the sector be intentionally encouraged as such action will sustainably deepen agricultural sector’s performance, and consequently boost employment generation in Nigeria.

Trade-off between carbon emissions and employment embodied in global value chains: A study based on enterprise heterogeneity in China

Comprehensively measuring embodied carbon emissions and employment generation from global value chain (GVC) production activities is essential for GVC upgrades and sustainable development. Previous studies have ignored embodied carbon emissions and employment generation from GVC production activities involving cross-border direct investment, which may underestimate the impact of GVC participation. Using an intercountry input-output model distinguishing domestic and foreign-invested enterprises, this study measured embodied carbon emissions and employment generation in China's GVC production activities from 2005 to 2018 and explored their trade-offs based on the aggregate-embodied carbon employment intensity (ACEI). The major findings were as follows. (1) Trade-related GVC contributes more to embodied carbon emissions than to that of embodied employment. However, investment-related GVC had the opposite effect. Mixed trade and investment-related GVC contribute approximately equally to carbon emissions and employment. (2) China experienced increasing environmental losses relative to employment generation from GVC participation increased between 2005 and 2018. The environmental costs of creating employment units through investment-related GVC activities were lower than those for the other two GVC routes. (3) High R&D-intensive manufacturing industries suffered a notable decline in ACEI. This finding suggests that a double dividend for the environment and employment is more likely to be achieved in high-tech manufacturing industries. (4) The ACEI of foreign-invested enterprises in China was lower than that of domestic enterprises, particularly in the production-sharing activities between foreign-invested enterprises, which exhibited a better trade-off between socioeconomic benefits and environmental damages. These findings provide useful insights into the impact assessment of GVCs, which aid in achieving sustainable development in China and other emerging economies.