Employment Assistance Program Research Articles

The effect of continuing education participation on outcomes of male and female agricultural workers in the USA

Job training and employment assistance programs aim to assist migrant and seasonal farmworkers and their dependents locate steady employment and develop job skills. This study investigates effects of educational programs on wages, annual time allocations, and poverty of male and female farmworkers and their families using regression analysis in comparison to propensity score matching. Continuing education participation is found to be associated with higher wages, though variation across program types is large and magnitudes across genders matter. Program participation is positively related to work weeks, and negatively related to weeks abroad and to poverty incidence.

Barriers that Prevent Micro-Business Owners from Outsourcing Non- Essential Services

This paper explores the possible barriers that prevent micro-business owners (with a specific focus on the participants in the Self Employment Assistance Program in Cornwall Ontario Canada from outsourcing non-essential services. The paper will include both primary and secondary research to ascertain those barriers. The Findings show that although the respondents of the survey are aware of the benefits of outsourcing their non-essential business activities, they are still reluctant to outsource activities beyond the year-end tax preparation. It seems apparent that the respondents see outsourcing as an option for bigger businesses as 79.2% of them said they would outsource when their business grew.

Recidivism Among Participants of an Employment Assistance Program for Prisoners and Offenders

Recidivism outcomes were examined over a 2-year postrelease period for participants of an Australian employment assistance program. The voluntary 12-month program operated from 17 Victorian correctional locations, 7 prisons, and 10 community corrections locations, targeting participants at moderate to high risk of reoffending. Recidivism outcomes included simple rates of reoffending for the whole program (N = 3,034 registered participants) and analyses of rate and seriousness of reoffending and extent of poly-offending for a random sample of 600 program participants and 600 nonparticipants. Offending among program participants' pre- and post-registration was also investigated. Results showed a very low rate of reoffending (7.46%) for the entire program participant group while engaged in the program. As well, program participants had significantly lower levels of recidivism than nonparticipants, and postregistration offending was significantly lower than preregistration offending. Findings indicate that long-term postrelease employment support programs provide positive benefits in terms of reduced reoffending.

Survey Research on the Status of Job Creation and Related Programs for Elderly Women in Korea

This study examined problems concerning the elderly and related characteristics as perceived by the frontline officials in charge at senior employment assistance agencies - all based on the recognition of the need to reinforce the expertise of workers. It also examined the educational needs regarding the kind of educational programs that must be provided to help these people develop expertise in related fields. In order to accomplish the purposes of the study, the researchers distributed questionnaires to officials in government and public offices, including the Korean Senior Citizens Association, Senior Welfare Center, Seoul Senior Employment Center and Employment Service Center, from November to December in 2008. The result shows that there are differences in purposes, targets, activities and achievements of employment assistance organizations for elderly people, which result in inefficiency and ineffectiveness. The organizations that conduct employment assistance programs for the elderly have few, if any, experts who adequately understand the particular characteristics of elderly people and who can operate and manage diverse employment programs; moreover, the capacity and skills of such experts are at beginners’ levels in terms of planning, coordination and control functions. The officials need an understanding of the developmental and psychological characteristics of female and male senior citizens that result in differentiated education strategies and programs and the creation of diverse jobs; accordingly, they urged the provision of specific and continuous education of working-level officials in charge. As such, a top priority is education to boost the capacity of working-level officials in charge, who can carry out educational programs for creating jobs that specifically cater to female seniors; to this end, national and local governments should extend steadfast and systematic assistance.

The effect of bipolar I disorder and major depressive disorder on workforce function

This investigation was undertaken to explore and compare the effect of bipolar I disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) on workforce function. The data for this analysis were procured from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS 1.2). The sample consisted of 20,747 individuals (>or=18 years or older and currently working); the proportions screening positive for lifetime BD and MDD were 2.4% and 11.2%, respectively. Individuals with BD or MDD had a significantly lower mean annual income, compared to people without these disorders. Individuals with BD had a significantly lower annual income when compared to MDD (p < 0.05). Results from a multiple logistic regression also indicate that employed individuals with BD had greater odds of reporting one or more mental health disability days in the past two weeks, compared with those with MDD (OR = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.0 to 2.6). Currently employed individuals with BD had lower odds of "good job security" relative to those with MDD (OR = 0.6 95% CI = 0.5 to 0.9). The data herein underscore the pernicious effect of BD on workforce function, and suggest that opportunistic screening for BD in all individuals utilizing employment assistance programs for depression might be warranted.

Crime Reductions Effects of Employment Assistance Programs on Adult and Juvenile Offenders

Crime Reductions Effects of Employment Assistance Programs on Adult and Juvenile Offenders

Influences on Job Search Self-Efficacy of Spouses of Enlisted Military Personnel

In this cross-sectional study we examine antecedents of the job search self-efficacy (JSSE) of 6,411 spouses of enlisted military personnel. Drawing on social cognitive theory, we suggest that individual circumstances either impact an individual's mastery beliefs about job search skills or act as barriers, which can impede job search activity and efficacy through a form of resource drain. Antecedents explored in this analysis represent environmental, behavioral, and personal factors that may be associated with self-efficacy beliefs. Structural equation modeling analysis indicates that mastery mechanisms of current employment status, education level, financial resources, and use of employment assistance programs offered by the military are positively related to JSSE. In addition, family responsibility variables (e.g., number of children and financial resources) operate as barriers to JSSE via childcare conflict's negative relationship with this specific form of self-efficacy. Limitations and future research directions are discussed.

Religion, Job Readiness, and Employment Outcomes: The Case of Latter-Day Saint Employment Resource Services

Despite increased attention to religious organizations as an ally in America's welfare-to-work revolution, faith- based employment assistance programs have garnered little attention from scholars. This study seeks to fill this gap by examining intake and follow-up survey data collected from clients of Employment Resource Centers sponsored by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS). The authors begin by examining the sociodemo- graphic composition and human capital of the clientele served by Employment Resource Centers. They then proceed to explore the economic outcomes associated with program participation. LDS job seekers differ from their national counterparts, with the former commanding significantly higher stocks of human capital. Still, net of controls for human capital and other characteristics, positive economic outcomes are observed for client participation in select Employment Resource Center programs. This study sheds new light on the prospects and challenges of faith-based efforts to assist unemployed and underemployed job seekers.

The factor affecting job stress and psychosocial well-being of prison officers

This study was to find out the factors affecting job stress and psychosocial well-being of the prison officers. This study was performed on 217 prison officers working in prison from February 2005 with questionnaires which were composed of general characteristics, job characteristics, stress factors and psychosocial well-being. The mean score of job stress and psychosocial well-being of prison officers were 54.0 and 26.0, respectfully. The job stress score was higher in the group of medical treatment within 1 year, shift work and direct contact with the prisoners. The psychosocial well-being score was higher in the group of medical treatment within 1 year, shift work, lower grade and direct contact with the prisoners. As a result of multiple regression analysis, job stress was significantly affected by experience of medical treatment within 1 year and department of direct contact with prisoners. As a result of multiple regression analysis, psychosocial well-being was significantly affected by experience of medical treatment within 1 year, grade and department of direct contact with prisoners. Job stress and psychosocial well-being of prison officers were closely related to the experience of medical treatment, shift work and direct contact with prisoners. Therefore, it suggests that prison officers need to be provided with the health promotion program and the employment assistance program.

The Effects of Economic Policies and Employment Assistance Programs on the Well-Being of Displaced Female Apparel Workers

This article explores howlabor market trends and current employment assistance policies affect reemployment opportunities and emotional well-being in a sample of female dislocated apparelworkers. The study follows the displacedwomen from the time the plant closed for 6 months to assess their financial and emotional well-being as they reentered the job market or enrolled in training programs. Averagewages of the reemployedwomen were less than their former plantwage; 14% lost their health insurance, and only half thewomen in training were in programs leading to higher paying jobs. Although some emotional recovery occurred, single parents still showed signs of depression after 6 months. Continued financial difficulty over timewas strongly correlated with depressive symptoms. Depression, in turn, was significantly related to satisfaction with spouse and children’s behavioral problems. In a multivariate analysis, baseline depression, financial difficulty, and single parenthood predicted depression 6 months later.

Companies Face Obstacles To Providing MH Benefits

Companies Face Obstacles To Providing MH Benefits

Employee Support for Alcohol Reduction Intervention Strategies in an Australian Railway

The current study surveyed employees of an Australian state railway (N = 4979), in order to assess perceptions of alcohol as a problem in the workplace, and employee support for alcohol intervention strategies. Of the sample, 13% reported having seen an alcohol-related accident. Eighty-four percent felt that alcohol affected the railway workplace, with absenteeism and health being the most frequently reported problems. Those reporting higher drinking frequency were the least likely to see alcohol as a problem for the workplace. Respondents felt that those coming to work drunk or hungover should discuss the issue with their supervisor or be sent to the employment assistance program (EAP) for counselling. Those who had sought help within the organization for drinking problems reported seeking help from workmates and EAP counsellors. Respondents felt that the organization should deal with alcohol in the workplace by providing education and information on its alcohol and drug policy and on the effects of alcohol in the workplace, and by encouraging use of the EAP. Those reporting higher frequency drinking showed least knowledge of the organization's policy, the least support for any intervention strategy, and the most support for doing nothing. Overall, this study attested to the importance of a clear, well-understood drug and alcohol policy within an organization, and to the need for education and support services such as those provided through an EAP.

Employee Support for Alcohol Reduction Intervention Strategies in an Australian Railway

The current study surveyed employees of an Australian state railway (N = 4979), in order to assess perceptions of alcohol as a problem in the workplace, and employee support for alcohol intervention strategies. Of the sample, 13% reported having seen an alcohol-related accident. Eighty-four percent felt that alcohol affected the railway workplace, with absenteeism and health being the most frequently reported problems. Those reporting higher drinking frequency were the least likely to see alcohol as a problem for the workplace. Respondents felt that those coming to work drunk or hungover should discuss the issue with their supervisor or be sent to the employment assistance program (EAP) for counselling. Those who had sought help within the organization for drinking problems reported seeking help from workmates and EAP counsellors. Respondents felt that the organization should deal with alcohol in the workplace by providing education and information on its alcohol and drug policy and on the effects of alcohol in the workplace, and by encouraging use of the EAP. Those reporting higher frequency drinking showed least knowledge of the organization's policy, the least support for any intervention strategy, and the most support for doing nothing. Overall, this study attested to the importance of a clear, well-understood drug and alcohol policy within an organization, and to the need for education and support services such as those provided through an EAP.

ACS meeting in nation's capital draws 13,500

Well run, smooth, interesting—but so much to take in, were comments heard over and over at last week's 208th national meeting of the American Chemical Society in Washington, D.C. Even the weather cooperated, turning out much more pleasant than the usual muggy dog days of August. In most aspects, it was another in a growing string of megameetings, with about 13,500 attendees, almost 5,200 papers in about 560 technical sessions, and an exposition with 263 companies exhibiting in 405 booths. In addition, the meeting had no shortage of social events, award presentations, and governance activities. And the society's employment assistance program—the National Employment Clearing House—was busy throughout the meeting, with about 1,500 job candidates interviewed by 125 employer representatives, who were seeking to fill about 220 posted job positions (and about an equal number of unposted positions). The role of chemistry and the chemical industry in developing an environmentally sustainable economy was ...

Providing Employment Assistance to Students: The Role of Social Work Education

Abstract This paper reports the results of a national survey of 130 graduate and undergraduate social work programs that was designed to learn what schools are doing to help students locate and secure employment after graduation. Less than half (43%) of the responding schools indicated that they have a formal program of employment assistance services. Size of student enrollment and size of faculty were the only factors that differentiated schools that offer employment assistance services from those that do not. The study's implications for social work education are discussed, and an employment assistance program model is presented.

More than passing strange: homelessness and mental illness in New York City

The presence of psychiatric disturbance is a much‐noted feature of the new urban homelessness in the United States. An impaired capacity model of homelessness—which assumes that the disorder is responsible for the displacement—is a common inference. Drawing upon ethnographic research in New York and recent epidemiological literature, this article criticizes such an approach on empirical, methodological, and historical grounds. It argues instead that individual failures to secure stable housing have their roots in larger developments in housing, employment, household composition, and government assistance programs. It is the circumstances under which psychiatric disability is converted into social dispossession—and not “deviance” per se—that need to be examined. [homelessness, mental illness, urban poverty]

Development of a Selection Measure for Access to Public Employment Assistance Programs

The author provides a prototype measure of employability to be used as a tool in public employment programs political and ethical implications pertaining to the use of such a selection instrument for welfare recipients are considered.

Southern Plains Indian Relocation Returnees

Abstract A number of prior studies of American Indian relocatees have found large numbers returning to the reservation shortly after going to their relocation city. On the basis of these studies, the Bureau of Indian Affairs has reduced the budget for the Employment Assistance (relocation) program. Our study involved the relocation of 323 Southern Plains Indians from western Oklahoma from 1968 to 1972. The education level of the Southern Plains Indian relocatees was higher than most other Indian relocatees, and most of these relocatees had vocational training. They also had more contact with whites, since they did not live on reservations. Our findings would indicate that the reduction of employment assistance money should be selective rather than nationwide. The Southern Plains Indians were profiting from the program and would be benefited by a continuation of it on the same or larger scale. A detailed study was made of 47 of the Southern Plains Indians who left their relocation city within a year. Given the various reasons, the returnee rate might be reduced by more training, a better attack on alcoholism, better health care both in the rural and urban areas, improved job counseling, and improved urban facilities, such as day-care centers.

Some Aspects of American Indian Migration

This paper is a study of federally assisted American Indian migration from the reservations to urban areas. The education of the migrants, their earnings before and after relocation, and the change in the degree of antisocial behavior after leaving the reservation are analyzed. It is found that while relocation can enhance the standard of living of those participating in federal programs, budget limitations prevent these programs from assisting enough applicants, to markedly reduce the level of surplus labor on the reservations. T he purpose of this paper is to present information on the magnitude and character of migration of American Indians from the reservations to urban areas, and its effect on the reservation economy. There are approximately 380,000 American Indians residing on or adjacent to reservations (U.S. Public Health Service, 1966:10). These individuals comprise the most povertystricken minority group in the United States. The median family income for reservation Indians is $1,800 per annum, with 76 percent of all reservation families earning incomes below the poverty threshold (U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs, 1967). Unemployment of reservation males in. 1967 was 37.3 percent of the labor force, or 50 percent higher than in the United States as a whole during the worst part of the Great Depression (U.S. Department of Labor, 1968:68). In 1966, according to a task force on Indian housing, over 75 percent of all reservation homes were substandard, with over 50 percent needing to be replaced (U.S. 13ureau of Indian Affairs, 1966:5). In order to ameliorate the problems of poverty and surplus labor on the reservations, the Bureau of Indian Affairs operates two separate relocation or employment assistance programs for reservation Indians. The first is a * This study was in part financed by funds provided by the William H. Donner Foundation, Inc., to the Brookings Institution where the author was a Research Associate. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.59 on Sun, 16 Oct 2016 04:54:08 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms