Employment Costs Research Articles

Integrating SDGs into Human Resource Management: Pathways to Sustainable Workforce Development

Objectives: The study aims to explore the significance of Human Resources Sustainability (HRS) and the advantages of transitioning to a Sustainable Workforce (SWF) system. It highlights the growing importance of integrating sustainability into HR practices as a key component of business strategies to improve employee engagement, environmental conservation, cost efficiency, and competitive advantage. Methods: The research focuses on identifying the critical components of HRS development and the optimal strategies for transitioning to an SWF. It evaluates the interplay between natural resources, financial assets, and human capital to determine the most effective practices for sustainable HR management. Results: The findings underscore the vital role of HRS in helping businesses maintain a competitive edge in dynamic markets. It emphasizes the value of achieving a triple bottom line, which includes financial performance, ecological stewardship, and social responsibility, as a cornerstone of sustainable business success. Conclusion: Prioritizing sustainability in HR practices is essential for modern organizations. By adopting HRS strategies and transitioning to an SWF system, companies can not only enhance employee engagement and environmental conservation but also achieve cost efficiency and long-term competitiveness, aligning with the triple bottom line approach.

Association between volume and cost in low-resection volume regions: a population-level study on pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer patients.

Pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is a highly complex, invasive, and costly surgical procedure. Limited evidence on the PD volume-cost relationship in countries with a low population density exists. This study aimed to investigate this issue in Australia. This retrospective cohort study included pancreatic cancer patients who had a PD at any public hospital in New South Wales, Australia between 2016 and 2019. The primary outcome was the total hospital cost during PD admission (not including patient financial burden). Study hospitals were grouped into low-volume hospitals (LVHs; <10 PDs per annum) or high-volume hospitals (HVHs). Multivariable modelling was applied to examine the association between volume and cost. Of 443 PDs, the median total hospital cost per patient at HVHs was AU$55398; significantly lower than that at LVHs (AU$62859; P = 0.001). After adjusting for available patient and clinical factors, the total cost per patient at LVHs was 22% higher than that of HVHs (adjusted estimate: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.08-1.37; P = 0.002). Similar patterns were found in three main cost components: 24% higher employee cost at LVHs than at HVHs (1.24, 95% CI: 1.10-1.41; P < 0.001), 15% higher operating cost (1.15, 95% CI: 1.00-1.31; P = 0.047), and 31% higher other costs (1.31, 95% CI: 1.12-1.53; P < 0.001). Performance of PDs at HVHs was associated with substantially lower hospital costs. Our findings demonstrate the likely economic benefit of centralizing PDs in countries with a relatively low population density. Future studies should investigate related patient financial burdens.

Predicting costs of local public bus transport services through machine learning methods

The present study developed several machine learning-based cost models to predict an efficient total economic cost per vehicle revenue-mile of urban public bus transport. The models were trained on a built-in dataset from 269 transit agencies providing urban services in the United States from 2015 to 2019. A feature selection strategy was implemented, finding that, for each proposed model, a subset of features determined a large impact on unit cost. These “core” features included commercial speed, average salary expenses per employee, vehicle productivity, and fleet ownership cost per vehicle. Machine learning techniques outperformed the linear regression method in terms of predictive power and robustness (understood as the dispersion of predictive power measures over the training sets). Based on SHAP values, the sensitivity analyses showed that the proposed models could be used to predict the impact of changes in some critical features on corresponding unit costs. The results may be useful for: (i) introducing regulatory constraints to the allocation of national public resources to local public bus transport services, aimed at minimizing the resources needed to provide a given level of service; (ii) defining the maximum economic compensation required by firms involved in competitive tendering for the allotment of service concessions, or firms with monopoly rights (by political choice and/or local public ownership); and (iii) improving service contract management and design by identifying key cost drivers of transit services.

Labour costs and the decision to hire the first employee

Firms without paid employees account for up to 80 % of all firms, but only a small minority ever hires. This paper investigates the relationship between labour costs and the decision to hire a first employee and become an employer. Leveraging a unique policy in Belgium that permanently reduced the labour cost of the first employee by 13 %, we find that the number of new, first-time employers jumped by 31 % immediately following the reform. The elasticity of the probability to hire the first employee with respect to the labour cost is −2.39 [95 % CI: −3.45, −1.25].

Temperature and corporate industrial robot adoption: evidence from China

ABSTRACT Our study explores the impact of temperature changes on corporate industrial robot adoption using data from Chinese non-financial listed firms in the manufacturing sector between 2009 and 2019. We find that an increase in temperature positively affects corporate adoption of industrial robots. This positive relationship between temperature increases and corporate adoption of industrial robots is significant in the years following the introduction of China’s high-temperature subsidy policy and for non-state-owned firms, eastern-located firms, firms with low equity concentration, and firms with high financial constraints. A mechanism analysis reveals that rising temperatures decrease labour productivity and increase the employee cost.

Pengaruh Entrepreneurial Mindset dan Entrepreneurial Competence dalam Keberhasilan Usaha Kuliner Bakso Salatiga

The Covid-19 pandemic phenomenon has affected the world economy, especially the economic conditions in Indonesia. This pandemic has caused an increase in unemployment rates due to mass layoffs in order to reduce employee costs by companies during the pandemic. The micro, small and medium enterprise (MSME) sector is one of the responsibilities that society plays in economic growth. An important factor in Indonesia's economic expansion is the MSME sector. Ideas, opportunities, and business people or entrepreneurs are key components of the success of MSMEs or companies. This research aims to identify the relationship between entrepreneurial competence and business success, as well as the impact of entrepreneurial mentality. The research results found that simultaneously and partially the entrepreneurial mindset and entrepreneurial competence variables had a positive effect on the success of profits in the Salatiga Meatball Culinary business.

Strategic Mobility Plan for Employees of Coolwood SA Company

In contemporary business environments, effective management of employee mobility has become paramount for companies striving to maintain competitiveness and sustainability. Neglecting to develop suitable mobility strategies can result in decreased productivity, increased operational costs, and environmental concerns, jeopardising a company's long-term success. Coolwood SA, a middle-sized furniture production company, is planning to relocate its headquarters from Maastricht to Hasselt by 2030, necessitating the design of a sustainable and cost-efficient mobility plan for its employees. This study aims to address this challenge by crafting a tailored mobility strategy that facilitates a seamless transition to the new headquarters. Drawing on insights from literature and empirical research, this study emphasises the importance of effective mobility planning in enhancing employee satisfaction, productivity, and operational efficiency while reducing environmental impact and costs. By analysing employee profiles, mobility measures, and various scenarios, the study identifies the most suitable mobility strategy for Coolwood SA. Through rigorous cost calculations and scenario comparisons, Scenario Two emerges as the most favourable option, offering significant cost reductions and accommodating employees' diverse needs and preferences. The study's findings underscore the importance of strategic and personalised mobility planning for companies undergoing relocation or expansion. By considering factors such as employee profiles, transportation modes, and cost implications, organisations can optimise decision-making and ensure a smooth transition to new locations while promoting long-term economic success and sustainability. This research provides valuable insights and recommendations for Coolwood SA and other companies navigating similar mobility challenges, highlighting the critical role of mobility planning in achieving organisational objectives and fostering employee well-being.

Carbon emission trading scheme and corporate labor cost: Evidence from China

In the low-carbon economy era, the impacts of government environmental policies on the corporate labor force have received increasing attention. This study empirically examines the effects of the carbon emission trading scheme (ETS) on corporate labor costs using a sample of Chinese A-share listed companies in the industrial sector from 2007 to 2020. Empirical analysis shows that the ETS significantly increases corporate labor costs, and this finding is further supported by various robustness tests. Further analysis reveals that the ETS primarily affects labor costs by promoting the upgrading of the human capital structure, and the impact of the ETS on labor costs is more significant in enterprises in China's eastern region, those with higher labor intensity, and state-owned enterprises. Additionally, the effects of the ETS on corporate labor costs manifest mainly in the increase in the labor costs of ordinary employees. We contribute to the existing literature by enhancing the current understanding of the policy implications of the ETS and shedding light on the dynamics of corporate labor costs under the low-carbon economy.

Spending on Intangibles and The Growth of Public Sector Enterprises In India: A Measure-Specific DEA Analysis

A recent surge of intangible investment to navigatethe productive capability of Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) resurrected a range of doubt about the trajectory of choices and the actual managerial space that actualizes these choices. Though spending on intangibles and more particularly on R&amp;D contribute substantially to growth parameters but the ambiguous magnitude of spending patterns and treatment of such expenditure from regular business operation to an investment element, in particular, to enhance the valued capability, yet unresolved in the corporate world. Recent studies on the usefulness of intangibleoutlay and capitalization of the same in improving future returns evidenced a gloomy pattern of crisis in the measurement and allocation of intangibles. As evidenced, most of the spending on intangibles by the business units in India is targeted to secure “patent for profit” rather than to achieve “valued capability” to expand real opportunities to choose between alternatives. Based on the last ten years' dataset of Maharatna Enterprises this study critically examines the contribution of decisive one from the container of four inputs namely spending on software, other R&amp;D expenditure, materials, and employee costs on a set of productive activities covering the revenue and net- value- added, as these are more regular in enhancing both profit and production capability with the help of input-oriented VRS weighted measure-specific DEA model. Results show that the multidimensional performances between the enterprises are not uniform throughout the study period and that the efficiency is highly correlated with the size of a few companies like ONGC, BHEL, and GALE and higher spending DMUs on intangibles do not necessarily have higher-ranked performance in terms of returns and net value added. This study provides valuable insights for managers aiming to maximize the benefit of variety in Software and other R&amp;D spending patterns considering the sizes of the companies while minimizing the risk associated with excessive diversity beyond the moderate threshold in intangible investments.

Innovative Utilization of Information and Communication Technology in Hotels: Perspectives of Managers of Star-Rated Hotels in the Kumasi Metropolitan Area

Even though information and communication technology provide an important role in hotel service and aid service efficacy in customer satisfaction, little literature exists on it in the study area. The study assessed managers’ perception of innovative utilization of ICT in star-rated hotels in the Kumasi metropolitan area. Emphasis was laid on the relevance and reasons for the innovative use of ICT in hotels. A qualitative approach was adopted for the study and 50 hotel managers were sampled. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data solicited. Results of the study established that managers were of the view that the innovative use of ICT in hotel service was relevant and reasons for which the hotels have innovatively used ICT in their service delivery were achieved. However, the innovative use of ICT in hotels may create problems such as high cost of initial investment, cost of training employees and poor employer-employee relations. The study discovered that the hotels have made good use of ICT innovatively to sustain their business. The study unearthed that hotels must be abreast with ICT use as it has become a tool for attracting guests to hotels.

Analisis Manajemen Risiko Keuangan dan Tenaga Kerja pada UMKM Mie Ayam Mbak Yummi Kota Medan

MSMEs (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises) are one of the important economic pillars in driving local economic growth in various cities in Indonesia. However, MSMEs often face significant challenges, especially related to financial and labor risk management. This study aims to analyze financial and labor risk management at Mbak Yummi Chicken Noodle MSMEs in Medan City. In this study, a descriptive qualitative approach with interviews was used to collect data from business owners and employees. The analysis was conducted with a focus on financial risk management strategies, such as product and service diversification, creative promotion, cash flow management, and access to capital, and labor risk management strategies, including employee cost management, employee development and retention, and effective performance management. The results show that Mbak Yummi Chicken Noodle MSMEs have implemented various strategies to effectively manage financial and labor risks. Product and service diversification, creative promotions, and utilization of online delivery and ordering services help reduce financial risks and maintain revenue stability. Meanwhile, efficient management of employee costs, employee development, and effective performance management help manage labor risks, improve productivity, and maintain service quality. This research shows that effective financial and labor risk management plays an important role in the operational success of Mbak Yummi Chicken Noodle MSMEs.

Dampak Pemberlakuan Insentif Dan Relaksasi Pajak Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan Sektor Energi

The aim of this research was to determine the impact of the implementation of incentives and tax relaxation for the Covid-19 pandemic on financial performance as measured by profitability, output, implications of incentives and tax relaxation, debt capacity, capital stock and employee costs in energy companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2017 to 2022. The population in this research is 66 companies in the energy sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2017 to 2022. The sampling technique used in the research was purposive sampling. The data analysis method used is Paired Sample T-test and Wilcoxon Signed-rank Tesst. The results of the research show that profitability, output and capital stock are different before and after determining incentives and tax relaxation. Meanwhile, there is no difference in tax rates and debt capacity before and after the establishment of incentives and tax relaxation for the Covid-19 pandemic.

Dilemma of Local Health Service Policy in the Era of National Health Insurance: A Political Perspective Analysis

The strengthening of political priorities in terms of developing health policies for various parties needs to be carried out both for the doctor and for the recipients of health services. Various health policies are influenced by various things based on certain contextual factors. In the Minister of Health Number 59 of 2014, it is stated that the amount of capitation funds is for first-level dental health services in independent practices, but it is not stated how much the capitation rate is for dental health services at community health centers. This research uses quantitative descriptive methods. The calculation method used is the Activity-Based Costing (ABC) method. The results of this study show that the average unit cost of dental health services at the Community Health Center is IDR. 104714. The largest unit cost is the GIC patching action. By using the activity-based cost calculation method, it can be seen that the largest costs for dental health services at the Community Health Center come from employee costs. And this shows that the situation is not fair for various parties. This raises a dilemma that is important to be discussed. The capitation rates set by the government are considered inappropriate for dentists in first-level health facilities. This can cause a decrease in the quality of health services provided by dentists at community health centers.

Employee education level and the cost of equity capital

This study examines the capital market benefits of employee education level and finds a significant and negative relation between a firm's employee education level and cost of equity capital. Our empirical results remain unchanged after applying different measures of variables and addressing endogeneity concerns. Cross-sectional tests show that our main results are more pronounced in firms which treat employees better and in knowledge-intensive firms. Overall, this study presents novel evidence on how human capital creates value for firms and enriches the literature on the cost of equity capital.

Good for you, bad for me? The daily dynamics of perspective taking and well-being in coworker dyads.

Perspective taking is encouraged by organizations as a form of supporting coworkers. Yet, its impact on employees' and coworkers' well-being is not well understood. We, therefore, take a dyadic approach to understand the daily dynamics of employees' perspective taking, its benefits for coworkers, and its costs for employees themselves. Specifically, we draw from self-regulation theory to examine the double-edged sword of perspective taking for one's own and one's coworker's well-being (reflected by subjective vitality). With regard to coworker well-being, we take an other-oriented resource lens and theorize that the focal employee's perspective taking increases the coworker's received support and well-being. With regard to the focal employee's well-being, we take a self-oriented resource lens and theorize that perspective taking increases the focal employee's self-regulatory resource depletion, which impairs their well-being. We examined our research model in a dyadic experience sampling study with three daily measurement occasions over 2 working weeks in a sample of 89 coworker dyads (178 individuals). Multilevel analyses showed that perspective taking had a positive indirect effect on coworker well-being via received coworker support, while it had a negative indirect effect on the focal employee's well-being via self-regulatory resource depletion. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Quantitative Assessment on Investigation on the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on HR Practices and Organizational Efficiency for Industry 4.0

In the rapidly evolving landscape of Industry 4.0, the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into Human Resources (HR) practices has emerged as a pivotal factor in enhancing organizational efficiency. This research study delves into the multifaceted implications of AI adoption within HR departments and its overarching impact on the operational efficiency of organizations. In the era of Industry 4.0, characterized by advanced automation, connectivity, and data-driven decision-making, AI technologies are playing an increasingly significant role in reshaping traditional HR functions. This research aims to quantitatively assess the extent to which AI-driven HR practices influence employee recruitment, retention, development, and overall human capital management. By analyzing data from a diverse set of organizations across different industries, this study seeks to identify patterns, trends, and best practices related to AI integration in HR. The research methodology involves a combination of surveys, data analysis, and case studies to collect and analyze quantitative data on AI adoption in HR practices and the subsequent impact on organizational efficiency. Key performance indicators (KPIs) such as employee productivity, cost effectiveness, and strategic alignment are scrutinized in order to ascertain the correlation between AI in HR and organizational success. Preliminary findings indicate that AI-driven HR practices are facilitating more streamlined and data-informed decision-making processes, allowing organizations to make better-informed talent-related choices. The insights gained from this study will be instrumental in guiding organizations in optimizing their HR functions through AI integration, enabling them to adapt and thrive in the Industry 4.0 landscape. Additionally, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the evolving dynamics between AI, HR practices, and organizational efficiency, with implications for strategic decision-making and policy development in the context of Industry 4.0.

Efficiency of Indonesia's Regional Development Banks: Evidence from a Non-Parametric Data Envelopment Analysis Method

This study aims to determine the level of performance efficiency of Regional Development Banks in Indonesia. This study uses Data Envelopment Analysis with a non-parametric Banker-Charnes-Cooper model approach to investigate variable return to scale, variable projections, and panel data regression. Input variables include third-party funds, non-interest expenses, interest expenses, and employee costs, while output variables include loans, interest income, and operating income apart from interest with control variables namely net interest margin, operating costs to operating income, loan-to-deposit ratio, and capital adequacy ratio. The findings show that net interest margin, operational costs on operational income, loan-to-deposit ratio, and capital adequacy ratio have a positive and significant effect on the efficiency of Regional Development Banks in Indonesia. However, we found that on average Regional Development Banks in Indonesia were still not efficient in carrying out their operational activities, although some showed quite good performance in the IRS, CRS, and DRS situations during the observation period which had implications for the performance of Regional Development Banks which was not yet optimal.

Application of linear programming in employee allocation: A case study in emerging economy

Linear programming is widely used in numerous industries for allocating scarce resources to fulfill customers’ demands. In this study, we use this mathematical technique in an automobile industry located in an emerging economy (Bangladesh). Given that, the emerging economy faces problems in implementing sophisticated technologies. Therefore, the key objective of this study is to show how linear programming applications are possible without sophisticated technologies, just by using a software, named GAM. Moreover, this study shows that the application of linear programming in the automobile industry in the emerging economy is also cost-effective and efficient in employee management. Based on the outcome of this study, we find that the company can save $26,174 in employee costs in eight weeks by implementing linear programming in the allocation of its employees. This study will contribute in many ways such as realizing policymakers, employees, and management how linear programming is beneficial for them in providing small efforts. Furthermore, this will add value to the existing literature that linear programming is also applicable in a specific industry in the emerging economy.

BEST BUY CO., INC.

In 2007, Best Buy was the leading electronics retailer in the United States with more than 941 stores, revenue totaling $31 billion, and a market cap of $21 billion. In 2005, Best Buy had adopted a new business model, culture, and customer-segmentation template called Customer Centricity. This move created volatility in the price of Best Buy stock because of the higher-than-expected employee costs that went with this new way of doing business and the difficulty of executing the old and the new business models simultaneously while the new model was rolled out. Best Buy responded to Wall Street's short-term focus in a myriad of ways. It first asked for investor patience, and stressed the strong operating results achieved in Best Buy stores operating under the new model. But in June 2007, after the stock dropped again, the CEO knew he had to decide whether to open more Best Buy stores, increase the company's dividend, or increase the stock-repurchase program.

Measuring the Productivity of Indonesia Waqf Institution (2015-2021): A Malmquist Index

This study aims to measure the productivity of waqf institutions in Indonesia using the Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) method with the research period 2015-2021. The research objects used are 6 waqf institutions in Indonesia. The data from this study comes from the annual financial statements of each institution from the 2015-2021 period. The input variables in this study are employee costs, operational costs and fixed assets. And for the output variable is the collection and distribution of waqf. The results of this study explain that during the 2015-2021 period, the productivity level of waqf institutions in Indonesia had a fluctuating trend from year to year. Based on the average tfpch score, it is concluded that the productivity of waqf institutions shows an increase and technological change contributes optimally to the increase in the productivity of waqf institutions in Indonesia. Furthermore, the Covid-19 pandemic phenomenon does not have a significant impact on the productivity level of waqf institutions in Indonesia.