Employment Of Disabled People Research Articles

СОЦИАЛЬНОЕ ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВО В СИСТЕМЕ ФАКТОРОВ РАЗВИТИЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ

Social entrepreneurship is an activity that aims to solve or mitigate the social problems of society. It includes features of traditional entrepreneurship and charity. Charity refers to a social orientation of activity, and business refers to an entrepreneurial approach. Social entrepreneurship balances between social goals and the commercial component, where money is not a goal, but a means to achieve these social goals, allowing the entrepreneur to remain stable and independent of constant donor injections. The purpose of the study is to substantiate social entrepreneurship as a factor in the development of the Russian economy. The research reveals the essence of social entrepreneurship, its differences from traditional entrepreneurial activity. Significant legislative and regulatory acts are highlighted, showing the history of the formation of social entrepreneurship in the country and the identification of its key features. It is revealed that the development of social entrepreneurship in the country can be assessed mainly by the dynamics of the number of social enterprises, and there are no methods for assessing the contribution of social entrepreneurship to the country's economy and solving social problems. It is shown that social entrepreneurship is implemented in three main forms that solve the tasks of socialization and employment of disabled people, the tasks of supporting socially vulnerable segments of the population and the tasks of solving specific problems of certain categories of the population. The study of the current state of social entrepreneurship is quite complex, based mainly on point information. Therefore, a methodological apparatus is needed, a system of key indicators for assessing the contribution of social entrepreneurship to solving social and economic problems of the economy and society. The contribution is obvious, otherwise social entrepreneurship would not have been widely developed.

Employing disabled workers in production: simulating the impact on performance and service level

Disabled people can be successfully employed in most production processes, provided that one knows how to exploit their abilities and take into account their limitations in order to give them an appropriate job. However, because the level and type of production must be constantly adapted to the needs of the market, the involvement of disabled people in the production process may also change. Additionally, people with disabilities have limitations as well as additional rights that must be considered. As a result, the organisation and planning of their work, side by side with other employees, becomes more complex. Computer simulations can be a support for organising and planning the involvement of employees with disabilities in production processes. The aim of the article is to show how simulations can facilitate the organisation of work of employees with disabilities, with the changing demand for manufactured products. The paper identifies the factors that should be considered, and then presents how the employment of disabled people can affect the operation of the production line and the commercial image of the company. The study uses a combination of System Dynamics and Discrete Event Simulations. The relevant data for the simulation were derived from a production company.

The role of technology, governance mechanisms, and training in building digital platforms for disabled people's employment

The role of technology, governance mechanisms, and training in building digital platforms for disabled people's employment

Formation of Barrier-free Urban Environment and Problems of Labor Integration of Disabled People in Russia

The article examines the economics of a barrier-free environment in the context of the transition from a medical to a social approach to disability after the adoption of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006). A social approach to disability means recognizing the equality of the rights of disabled people with healthy citizens in all spheres of society and ensuring accessibility for them of all objects and services in the external, primarily in the urban environment. Disability is understood as the presence of external and internal barriers that impede the social integration of people with disabilities. The formation of a barrier-free urban environment makes it possible to remove external barriers, and comprehensive rehabilitation and habilitation of the disabled removes internal barriers. Together they ensure accessibility for the disabled of all objects and services of the urban infrastructure. A barrier-free urban environment is a socially significant benefit that has a positive external effect not only for all citizens with limited mobility (LMC), but also for all members of the local community. A comprehensive assessment of the socio-economic effects from the implementation of programs for the formation of a barrier-free urban environment for all stakeholders (disabled people, entrepreneurs, authorities, the local community) is important. In the Russian Federation, this allows overcoming the limited approach to assessing the benefits from their implementation only for people with disabilities and other LMC at high investment costs. It is recommended to use the experience of the EU in the Russian Federation in presenting the annual Access City Award to the three best cities for an accessible environment for the disabled as an effective incentive for them and the regions of the country in the development of a barrier-free environment and tourism. An analysis of the 10 years of implementation of the state program of the Russian Federation "Accessible Environment", along with achievements, made it possible to identify a number of shortcomings: the need to verify quantitative indicators of the accessibility of its priority facilities for people with disabilities using sociological surveys of people with disabilities and experts; low level of accessibility of university buildings for teaching disabled people; non-fulfillment of indicators of growth in employment of persons with disabilities. As a result of a selective sociological survey of people with disabilities and experts conducted by the author in 2022, the reasons for the low level of social and labor integration of people with disabilities were identified: the lack of employers' interest in their employment, the low availability of urban infrastructure, and the discrepancy between the skill level of people with disabilities and modern production requirements. An integrated approach to the formation of an accessible environment in the field of vocational education and employment of disabled people with increased incentives for socially responsible employers is proposed. It is shown that the conduct of a special military operation of the Russian Federation in Ukraine and new packages of Western sanctions adopted in 2022 against our country require consideration of their socio-economic consequences. In particular, - updating the state program of the Russian Federation "Accessible Environment", taking into account the expected increase in the number of disabled people and the development of import substitution policy in this area.

Problems of Employment of People with Disabilities in Georgia

The article discusses the main problems related to the employment of persons with disabilities in Georgia, barriers they face in the job search process. The examples of the current situation in some European countries are given. The inclusion of disabled people in public life remains one of the problematic issues. Creating an anti-discriminatory environment for them, social adaptation, solving the problem of unemployment, protection of fundamental rights, which are manifested in the protection of their rights to education, healthcare, security and free choice, have become priority directions of all developed countries. Based on foreign experience, certain recommendations are given, the implementation of which will help and improve the current situation in our country in the direction of protecting the rights of persons with disabilities and special needs, employment and, in general, raising public awareness towards such people. Moreover, ensuring equal opportunities for all people in any country (including ours) is regulated by law, and this is not just an idea of humanism. The legislative framework is saturated with both theoretical and practical (vocational schools) issues, but on the other hand, its realization – employment of disabled people – is a problem. Disability does not always mean incapacity. Sometimes such a person has so much potential that most people may not have. Employment has been and remains the most sustainable and effective component of ensuring the livelihood of vulnerable groups. In Georgia, there are some initiatives in terms of their employment, steps taken in this direction can be noticed, but it is insufficient. There is an appropriate legal framework, but the main dilemma is its implementation and implementation in practice. Keywords: disabled person, employment, unemployment, protection of rights.

The requirements from the international conventions for protecting an employee with a disability in the individual labour dispute

A review of the literature has been also done examining the effects of the UN and ILO conventions regarding the employment of disabled people. The "labour dispute" legislation is very structured in the domain of Vietnam as they are systematically trying to match the international standard due to recent multiple free trade agreements. All the disabled employees can employ the mechanism of negotiation and conciliation to solve their disagreement or it can be solved by the courts as well. Both individual or collective labour disputes can be efficiently manoeuvred by the potent legislation of Vietnam and it has systematically assisted the disabled employees.

The Disability Employment Gap

Abstract Research by the All-Party Parliamentary Group for Assistive Technology highlights how tech can remove barriers to employment for disabled people, writes Geena Vabulas, Policy Manager for Assistive and Accessible Technology at Policy Connect.

Employment of disabled people I the system of social and labor relations of the Republic of Crimea

Employment of disabled people I the system of social and labor relations of the Republic of Crimea

Implementation of Self-Government Tasks in the Field of Social and Vocational Rehabilitation of Disabled People in the Lubelskie Voivodeship in 2008-2017

Abstract Disability is an interdisciplinary-medical, social and professional phenomenon. The goal of medical professionals is to treat a person and restore his or her fitness. The group of disabled people in Poland is characterized by a lower level of education than among non-disabled people and high unemployment. The purpose of vocational rehabilitation is to make it easier for a disabled person to obtain and maintain appropriate employment and career advancement. Social rehabilitation is defined as an activity aimed at enabling a disabled person to fully participate in social life. The tasks of the local government addressed to disabled people include conducting occupational therapy workshops (WTZ), occupational activity establishments (ZAZ), community self-help homes (ŚDS) and social welfare homes (DPS). The aim of the study was to analyze the implementation of self-government tasks in the field of social and vocational rehabilitation of disabled people, with particular emphasis on ZAZ in the Lubelskie Voivodeship in 2008-2017. The work uses data collected in 2008-2017 by the Regional Center for Social Policy (ROPS) in Lublin. In addition, in December 2017, they were sent by e-mail to ROPS and Marshal’s Offices in voivodship cities in Poland, inquiries about tasks and ways of implementing these tasks in the field of social and vocational rehabilitation of disabled people in 2008-2017. The available data on expenditure from the State Fund for Rehabilitation of the Disabled (PFRON) was collected. The research material was statistically developed using the IBM SPSS Statistics (v. 25) and Statistica (v. 13) statistical packages. In the years 2008-2017 in the Lubelskie Voivodeship, PLN 75,529,959 was allocated for vocational and social rehabilitation of people with disabilities, the most (PLN 9,158,243) in 2016. In the same year, the largest number of people used the ZAZ. In 2008-2017, the average annual amount of expenditure on social and vocational rehabilitation of disabled people in all Polish provinces was PLN 7 576 718.9. In the discussed period, the highest amounts from PFRON were allocated to the rehabilitation of disabled people in the Śląskie Voivodeship, and the lowest in Lubuskie, while Lubelskie received average amounts. In Poland, in the field of social and vocational rehabilitation and employment of disabled people, solutions similar to those already developed are applied in the countries of Western Europe. The costs of financing vocational rehabilitation, understood as financing the functioning of the ZAZ by voivodship self-governments, are constantly growing. The growing expenses incurred on the activities of the ZAZ do not significantly improve the situation related to vocational rehabilitation and employment of disabled people. Improving the operation of the system of vocational and social rehabilitation of people with disabilities should not only consist in increasing the funds spent under the current inefficient system, but should be preceded by a thorough analysis of the current state and the development of extensive organizational changes.

Working from home and disabled people's employment outcomes

AbstractThis paper assesses disabled employees’ likelihood of working from home relative to non‐disabled employees, and the implications of doing so for their experiences of work. Analysing British nationally representative data, the findings suggest that disabled employees are less likely to work from home than non‐disabled employees, given they are disproportionately excluded from the higher‐paying and/or managerial roles in which working from home is more widely available. In addition, organizations in which working from home is more commonplace do not employ a higher proportion of disabled people. The results also confirm disabled employees report poorer experiences of work than non‐disabled employees regarding job control, job‐related mental health, job satisfaction and work–life balance. Although working from home is positively associated with these outcomes (except for work–life balance) for both disabled and non‐disabled employees, there is very little evidence it is associated with smaller disability gaps in these outcomes. Therefore, our analysis questions the potential for working from home to reduce disability disadvantage within organizations, and highlights the need for more substantial action to address the barriers to employment that disabled people encounter.

The Evolution of the Notion of Disability in EU and Polish Labor Law

Abstract This article analyses the notion of disability in Polish and EU labor law. In the first part of the study, the author characterizes the evolution of this notion based on the interpretation made by the Court of Justice of the European Union. The second part presents the process of development of the definition of disability in Polish law: from disability to the concept contained in the Act on Social and Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment of Persons with Disabilities, and the vocational rehabilitation and employment of disabled people.

RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES IN THE SPHERE OF LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT IN THE NOVOSIBIRSK REGION

The low level of employment of disabled people in the Novosibirsk region shows that in the region there is a need to develop additional legal instruments that ensure the implementation of the right to work of this category of citizens. The measures proposed in this study to increase the employment of persons with disabilities are based on the practical experience of other subjects of the Russian Federation and countries, and also take into account the peculiarities of the labour potential of persons with disabilities.

The Potential of Geographical Indications (GI) to Enhance Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Japan: Overview and Insights from Japan GI Mishima Potato

Geographical indications (GIs) have recently become an important tool for Japanese agricultural policy, particularly after the adoption of a “sui generis” certification system in 2015. In the same year, the United Nations proposed a common agenda with 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The present paper addresses the potential of GIs to enhance SDGs in Japan. First, we examine existing knowledge on GI inception, which consists in both government reports and research surveys. We show that these studies mostly focus on SDGs related to economic growth, and on social issues raised by the registration process. Then, as an exploration of potential impacts of GIs on the full set of SDGs, we study the case of Mishima Bareisho Potato GI, on the basis of interviews and participatory observation. From local stakeholders’ point of view, Mishima Potato GI can contribute to at least nine SDGs at all the production, transformation and commercialization stages. The SDG framework is useful to reveal some contributions seldomly considered in GI studies but which matter for local people, for example, the employment of disabled people or nutritional education. Finally, we discuss how these new insights can contribute to the debate on the potential role and limits of GIs for sustainable development in Japan.

Postrzeganie zatrudnienia osób niepełnosprawnych w Chinach i Stanach Zjednoczonych

The perception of employing people with disabilities in China and the United States The concept of disability has been accompanied by controversies, stereotypes and stigmatization for years. Despite the fact that the number of people with disabilities in China and the United States is still growing, the issue of perceiving the functioning of disabled people in the society and including them to the work environment remains unsolved, notwithstanding the number of legal regulations and financial incentives in China and USA to change the employment of people with disabilities. This study compares the perception of employment of people with disabilities in China and the United States. The comparison was based on a self-conducted study among the Chinese community between February and March 2020 on a group of 121 people using the CAWI method (Computer Assisted Web Interview) and an American study: A national survey of consumer attitudes towards companies that hire people with disabilities, by G.N. Siperstein, N. Romano, A. Mohler, and R. Parker, conducted on 803 residents of the USA randomly selected for telephone interviews. The comparison took place, among others, in the assessment of the employment of disabled people by respondents in the context of other social activities in the company, as well as the satisfaction of the respondents with the results of the disabled at work. It was pointed out that in both China and the USA, previous experiences with people with disabilities may affect a more favorable approach towards employing disabled people. However, there are differences in the satisfaction with services provided by people with disabilities, as well as in trust in disabled workers, where Chinese residents have less positive attitude than their American counterparts.

Two factors, one direction towards social regulation policy convergence: Learning from policy experts in Norway and India

Two significantly different countries such as Norway and India have adopted similar social regulation policies aimed at the employment of disabled people since the 1990s. Countries can adopt social regulation policies, such as anti-discrimination provisions, owing to multiple factors. This article uncovers two common factors leading to policy convergence within social regulation reforms aimed at the employment of disabled people in Norway and India. An exploratory qualitative case study was conducted, wherein 25 policy experts (11 from Norway and 14 from India) were interviewed. Findings from expert interviews indicate that the observed policy convergence are connected to two trends that can be detected both in Norway and India. The first concerns the influence of international treaties; the second concerns grassroots mobilization of disabled people and their organizations. Findings point towards increasing internationalization of social regulation policies and these policy developments transcend the global North and global South divide.

THE EMPLOYMENT OF MENTALLY DISABLED IN THE CONTEXT OF SHELTERED WORKPLACE: MANİSA ORGANIZED INDUSTRIAL ZONE Z.E.K.İ. PROJECT STUDY

Ülkeler sosyal politika kapsamında engellilerin istihdamını sağlamak ve onları topluma kazandırmak amacıyla çeşitli yollar ve yöntemler üzerinde çalışmaktadırlar. Bu yöntemler arasında en yaygın kullanılanlar; zorunlu kota uygulaması, belirlenmiş iş uygulamaları, korumalı işyeri uygulamasıdır. İşgücü piyasalarına kazandırılmaları güç olan zihinsel engelli bireyler rehabilite edilerek ve mesleki beceriler kazandırılarak istihdamlarına olanak sağlamak amacıyla; korumalı işyerleri uygulaması hayata geçirilmiştir. Türkiye’de korumalı işyeri uygulaması, hem mali hem teknik açıdan devlet tarafından desteklenmektedir. Ayrıca engelli bireylerin çalışabileceği ortam özel olarak düzenlenmektedir. Korumalı işyeri uygulaması, engellilerin özellikleri ve engel durumlarına uygun bir çalışma ortamının sağlanması durumunda başarılı olabilen ancak uygulanması oldukça güç bir sistemdir. Bu çalışmada, engelli kavramı ve istihdam bağlamında engelliler irdelenerek, Türkiye’de korumalı işyerleri kapsamında zihinsel engelli bireylerin istihdam edilebilirlikleri ve korumalı işyerinin uygulanabilirliğinin belirlenmesinin yanı sıra sosyal entegrasyonlarına yönelik etkileri tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada Manisa Organize Sanayi Bölgesi (MOSB) yönetimindeki Z.E.K.İ projesi örneği üzerinden değerlendirme yapılmıştır.

Modern mechanisms of social and professional rehabilitation and adaptation of disabled people in the labor market

The main goal of social and vocational rehabilitation and adaptation is to provide a person with a disability with the opportunity to get or keep a suitable job and thereby promote their social integration, achieve material independence or increase their income and self-sufficiency. Professional rehabilitation helps to improve the social status and security of not only the disabled person, but also his family. Professional rehabilitation with subsequent employment of disabled people is also beneficial for the whole society. The funds invested in the professional rehabilitation of disabled people will be returned to the state in the form of tax revenues as a result of the employment of disabled people. This article presents the main mechanisms, measures, stages, as well as the main types and content of services for social and professional rehabilitation and adaptation of disabled people.

Consumers Demand for Social Farming Products: An Analysis with Discrete Choice Experiments

This paper analyses the demand for social farming (SF) products. In particular, we investigate the preferences of consumers who buy their products from large retailers, rather than from solidarity purchasing groups or other niche markets using a sample of 225 consumers. In this regard, a discrete choice experiment (DCE) was carried out to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) a premium price for the purchase of a common product (i.e., eggs) from farms that employ disabled people. The attributes considered in our DCE design are the employment of disabled people and two additional attributes which may have ethical implications for the choices. The results indicate that consumers are interested in buying SF products, with about 74% of the sample willing to buy the eggs produced by social farms and the average WTP being equal to €1.36 for a pack of six eggs. Moreover, the average WTP for the use of labour of disabled people attribute amounted to €0.69 for a pack of six eggs.

Policies based on mandatory employment quotas for disabled workers: the case of Italy

This article examines the Italian policy framework on the employment of disabled people. It discusses the strengths and limitations of Law 68 of 12 March 1999 (Regulation on the right to work of disabled people). Despite it having been enacted 16 years after being passed, Law 68/99 still faces problems in its implementation. The data analysis shows the propensity of firms to flout their obligations with regard to the recruitment of disabled people, preferring instead the risk of being sanctioned. In order for Law 68/99 to have a positive effect on the employment of disabled people, higher incentives (including subsidies for labour costs) must be introduced for employers, especially to enable the adaptation and adjustment of the workplace. With these inducements, firms would be encouraged to recruit disabled people and avoid penalties. In addition, disability management policies (still rarely implemented in the Italian workplace) and comprehensive training programmes can play a crucial role in overcoming discriminatory constraints regarding skills and physical ability, so as to increase the employability of disabled people in the labour market.

Social and economic principles of supporting people with disabilities through the perspective of professional rehabilitation

In Ukraine there are about 3 million people with disabilities who are not able to overcome the consequences of disability without the help and special care of society. All disabled people have the right to appropriate social, psychological, medical, professional and labor rehabilitation. The purpose of the research. The purpose of the study is to find out the economic and social benefits of home work of disabled people in Ukraine. Methodology. The analysis of the current Ukrainian legislation on the promotion of the disabled people employment is carried out. The organizational and legal principles of the home work application, the substantiation of home work as a type of social and psychological rehabilitation are revealed, recommendations for conducting home work for the social support of people in difficult straits have been identified. Results. It has been determined that labor rehabilitation is a system of measures developed with regard to the inclinations, physical and mental capabilities of the person and aimed at mastering the labor skills of labor activity providing the productional adaptation, including through the creation of special or specially adapted workplaces. It should be noted that the legal data framework on social and rehabilitation services of a professional and labor direction in the current legislation of Ukraine confirms to the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the UN Convention on the Professional Recovery and Employment of Persons with Disabilities. At the same time, employment of such groups of population provides them with additional elaboration of pensions and additional financing for the development of social and rehabilitation services of the professional and labor direction. Practical meaning. It is established that labor activity, employment of disabled people is one of the most effective means of their social and psychological rehabilitation, aimed at renewal of the disabled persons’ social relations and relationships, their emotional stability, active social life, integration into an open society, expansion and deepening of social contacts, renewal of professional qualities and skills, creation of favorable conditions for development and assertiveness of the person. Prospects for further research. It is necessary to define a nomenclature list of specialists in the field of professional rehabilitation and social assistance to the persons with disabilities in accordance with the international standards, to identify their need, to provide an organizational and methodological basis for their training and further employment.