Empirical Problems Research Articles

Multidimensional perspective about resistors association in electric circuits: part II - theoretical-experimental issues, registers and technological domains

This is the second of two closely related papers describing the multidimensional perspective about resistors association in electric circuit analysis. In the first paper we discuss nonscientific conceptions, focusing a theoretical framework and instructional materials, language, diagrams and other issues. Here, theoretical and empirical problems are exposed. A general framework based on registers of representation and technological domains is presented. Previously, materials and teachers can explore exemples belonging to a restricted set, which commonly is treated as a conventional symbolic representation. Thus, has been verified a prevalent morphological reasoning in several learning situations. Physical aspects, vocabulary, diagrammatic and experimental contents are brought up, exposing the need for their integration if an effective learning is desired. Registers of semiotic representation and non-semiotic elements (empirical set) are recommended to facilitate the students’ conceptual perceptions, their capable of mobilizing the plurality of diagrams and connections, also allowing teachers a better conceptual framework.

Traits are dynamic.

There has long been opposition to conceptualizing personality disorders as maladaptive variants of the 5-factor model. The debate though is now shifting away from the coverage of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Section II personality disorders to the coverage of moment-to-moment contingencies within everyday life. Miskewicz et al. (2022) reported that trait models do account well for the intensity of triggers and the symptomatic response to these triggers but not for the contingency of the symptoms on the triggers. However, there are fundamental conceptual, methodological, and empirical problems that should question its apparent critique of the 5-factor model of personality disorder. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

A neural network learning algorithm for highly imbalanced data classification

The imbalanced data problem exists in many real-world datasets. Neural networks are one popular method for classifying imbalanced data. However, data imbalance often negatively affects neural networks. This problem is exacerbated when data are highly imbalanced. Existing neural network approaches for handling this problem heavily rely on rebalancing or reweighting known data. Essentially, these strategies focus on recovering the characteristics of balanced data. However, due to the serious lack of positive samples, the problem of insufficient empirical representation has not been thoroughly considered. Therefore, to solve the problem of highly imbalanced data, we explore the characteristics of the gradient norm in gradient descent optimization. We find that the key indicator of balanced data is that the gradient norms of positive and negative classes are approximately equal. Specifically, neural networks can classify known data that is highly imbalanced by considering the unit gradient direction of positive and negative classes. Furthermore, a local boundary expansion strategy is considered to alleviate the insufficient empirical representation problem of the positive class. Here, we propose a controllable gradient rotation strategy to realize local boundary expansion for positive samples. We validate the proposed approach on 34 highly imbalanced datasets and two synthetic datasets, and the proposed method exhibits impressive performance.

Estimation of the Complexity of a Finite Mixture Distribution: From Well- to Less Known Methods

Mixture models occur in numerous settings including random and fixed effects models, clustering, deconvolution, empirical Bayes problems and many others. They are often used to model data originating from a heterogeneous population, consisting of several homogeneous subpopulations, and the problem of finding a good estimator for the number of components in the mixture arises naturally. Estimation of the order of a finite mixture model is a hard statistical task, and multiple techniques have been suggested for solving it. We will concentrate on several methods that have not gained much popularity yet deserve the attention of practitioners. These can be categorized into three groups: tools built upon the determinant of the Hankel matrix of moments of the mixing distribution, minimum distance estimators, likelihood ratio tests. We will address theoretical pillars underlying each of the methods, provide some useful modifications for enhancing their performance and present the results of the comparative numerical study that has been conducted under various scenarios. According to the results, none of the methods proves to be a “magic pill”. The results uncover limitations of the techniques and provide practical hints for choosing the best-suited tool under specific conditions.

Syntactic conditions on cumulative readings of German jeder ‘every’ DPs

English every-DPs can have cumulative readings relative to plural DPs, but only under severe syntactic constraints. This paper discusses different potential formulations of these constraints for the German correlate of every-DPs, jed-DPs. We argue that existing ‘surface-oriented’ hypotheses face empirical problems and propose a new hypothesis, namely that the availability of a cumulative reading relative to another plural X is sensitive to all positions in the derivational chain of X. We then spell out one possible semantic analysis of this pattern and sketch the consequences of this hypothesis for future empirical work.

Complex Cardinal Numerals and the Strong Minimalist Thesis

Different analyses of complex cardinal numerals have been proposed in Generative Grammar. This article provides an analysis of these expressions based on the Strong Minimalist Thesis, according to which the derivations of linguistic expressions are generated by a simple combinatorial operation, applying in accord with principles external to the language faculty. The proposed derivations account for the asymmetrical structure of additive and multiplicative complexes and for the instructions they provide to the external systems for their interpretation. They harmonize with those of coordinate nouns, and thus offer a unified Minimalist account of their core properties. Firstly, the empirical problem addressed is stated. Secondly, the theoretical framework is presented. Thirdly, Minimalist derivations for additive and multiplicative complexes are provided. Fourthly, the proposed derivations are contrasted with derivations not relying on the Strong Minimalist Thesis. Lastly, consequences for linguistic theory are identified as well as questions open to further inquiry.

On Acceleration of Gradient-Based Empirical Risk Minimization using Local Polynomial Regression.

We study the acceleration of the Local Polynomial Interpolation-based Gradient Descent method (LPI-GD) recently proposed for the approximate solution of empirical risk minimization problems (ERM). We focus on loss functions that are strongly convex and smooth with condition number σ. We additionally assume the loss function is η-Hölder continuous with respect to the data. The oracle complexity of LPI-GD is for a desired accuracy ε, where d is the dimension of the parameter space, and m is the cardinality of an approximation grid. The factor m d can be shown to scale as O((1/ε) d/2η ). LPI-GD has been shown to have better oracle complexity than gradient descent (GD) and stochastic gradient descent (SGD) for certain parameter regimes. We propose two accelerated methods for the ERM problem based on LPI-GD and show an oracle complexity of . Moreover, we provide the first empirical study on local polynomial interpolation-based gradient methods and corroborate that LPI-GD has better performance than GD and SGD in some scenarios, and the proposed methods achieve acceleration.

Teacher new professionalism in the light of the personality polysubjectivity development

Introduction. The relevance of the study is due to the high requirements of the society on the professionalism of a modern teacher who has to perform the activity under flux and ambiguity conditions, to solve new and occasional tasks, to design and implement personal and professional routes in accordance with the changing professional challenges and real-life situations. The research is aimed to perceive the essence of the concept “new teacher professionalism” in the context of the diversity of teacher professional trajectories and in the aspect of personality polysubjectivity. The empirical problem is to diagnose the dominant professional trajectories of future teachers at the final stage of the university training course (in the “Self- real” and “Self-ideal” spheres). Materials and methods. 5th-year students (186 persons) of Belgorod State National Research University took part in the survey. The study is based on analyses of students' reflective judgments quality data concerning new professionalism and poly-subjectivity phenomena, methods of mathematical statistics (Pearson symmetric correlation coefficient). Results. The article presents the features of teacher professionalism associated with the process of a teacher polysubjectivity development as an ability to take an active subjective position in multidimensional professional sphere. The results showed the dominant traditional professional trajectories “subject teacher” (average point – 4.07), and “teacher-educator” (4.00) in the “Self-real” sphere of future teachers, as well as the “digital teacher” (3.86) trajectory due to the transition of the university education process to distance learning format in the pandemic conditions. The trajectories “teacher-mentor (coach)” (average point – 4.65), “teacher-educator” (4.53), “teacher-methodologist” (4.51) and “media-teacher” (4.47) are specific for future teachers in the “Self-ideal” sphere. The professional trajectory “digital teacher” is mainly correlated to the contradiction “Self-real” – “Self-ideal” (r = 0.758, p=0.05). Conclusion. Teacher polysubjectivity integrates all the levels of teacher formation and development process, subject-field-driven features, professional values; it allows the teacher creating personal professional trajectory, which is the basis of new teacher professionalism.

Empirical and philosophical problems with the subspecies rank.

Species‐level taxonomy derives from empirical sources (data and techniques) that assess the existence of spatiotemporal evolutionary lineages via various species “concepts.” These concepts determine if observed lineages are independent given a particular methodology and ontology, which relates the metaphysical species concept to what “kind” of thing a species is in reality. Often, species concepts fail to link epistemology back to ontology. This lack of coherence is in part responsible for the persistence of the subspecies rank, which in modern usage often functions as a placeholder between the evolutionary events of divergence or collapse of incipient species. Thus, prospective events like lineages merging or diverging require information from unknowable future information. This is also conditioned on evidence that the lineage already has a detectably distinct evolutionary history. Ranking these lineages as subspecies can seem attractive given that many lineages do not exhibit intrinsic reproductive isolation. We argue that using subspecies is indefensible on philosophical and empirical grounds. Ontologically, the rank of subspecies is either identical to that of species or undefined in the context of evolutionary lineages representing spatiotemporally defined individuals. Some species concepts more inclined to consider subspecies, like the Biological Species Concept, are disconnected from evolutionary ontology and do not consider genealogy. Even if ontology is ignored, methods addressing reproductive isolation are often indirect and fail to capture the range of scenarios linking gene flow to species identity over space and time. The use of subspecies and reliance on reproductive isolation as a basis for an operational species concept can also conflict with ethical issues governing the protection of species. We provide a way forward for recognizing and naming species that links theoretical and operational species concepts regardless of the magnitude of reproductive isolation.

Pragmatist Hope during COVID-19

Pragmatist Hope during COVID-19

The paradigm shift from social action to social interaction

Concepts of social action have a different form in sociology: the model of rational action, the macrotheory of social systems, the behaviorist concept of social exchange. They are applicable for various analytical and empirical problems, and are united by the general tone of the paradigm. This work will describe the classification of social action by M. Weber, as well as its key features involved by subsequent authors. The influence of the concept on the system of social actionof T. Parsons will also be considered and attempts to identify ideas that are distinctive for the paradigm will be made. With the existing merits of social action, it is still not able to fully reflect the complexity of human communication. Being created to assess each individual action for its rationality, awareness and focus on social aspects, it lacks the flexibility to analyze continuously moving towards each other social actions. For these tasks the paradigm of social interaction seems to be more adequate. The article analyzes the main provisions of G. Simmel and P. Sorokin, as one of the first sociologists who turned to the concept of interaction, and in the process of comparing the authors, the reasons are derived for which one of them was more important for the future development of the concept. The main ideas of symbolic interactionism are presented: the stages of its formation, the concepts that influenced it, and what role it played in the subsequent directions of the paradigm: phenomenology, ethnomethodology and social constructionism. In conclusion, the main trends of the two paradigms are described and a comparative assessment of their significance for modern sociological theory is given.

Kuća lutaka

[sic] – a Journal of Literature, Culture and Literary Translation focuses on theoretical, empirical and artistic research in the fields of culture, literature and literary translation. [sic] thus welcomes the submission of works that focus on various theoretical or empirical problems within the fields listed above, as well as original translations. By publishing research papers, video essays, reviews, literary criticism, interviews and literature in translation, [sic] wishes to offer a wide, interdisciplinary approach to dominant, but also marginal and/or currently unrecognized as well as emerging literary and cultural trends and practices and in this way open a dialogue between proponents of different approaches to the said areas. As such, [sic] is seen as an international platform for scholars, practitioners and artists dealing with culture, literature and literary translation.

Boney-legged Bride

[sic] – a Journal of Literature, Culture and Literary Translation focuses on theoretical, empirical and artistic research in the fields of culture, literature and literary translation. [sic] thus welcomes the submission of works that focus on various theoretical or empirical problems within the fields listed above, as well as original translations. By publishing research papers, video essays, reviews, literary criticism, interviews and literature in translation, [sic] wishes to offer a wide, interdisciplinary approach to dominant, but also marginal and/or currently unrecognized as well as emerging literary and cultural trends and practices and in this way open a dialogue between proponents of different approaches to the said areas. As such, [sic] is seen as an international platform for scholars, practitioners and artists dealing with culture, literature and literary translation.

Pas od žigica

[sic] – a Journal of Literature, Culture and Literary Translation focuses on theoretical, empirical and artistic research in the fields of culture, literature and literary translation. [sic] thus welcomes the submission of works that focus on various theoretical or empirical problems within the fields listed above, as well as original translations. By publishing research papers, video essays, reviews, literary criticism, interviews and literature in translation, [sic] wishes to offer a wide, interdisciplinary approach to dominant, but also marginal and/or currently unrecognized as well as emerging literary and cultural trends and practices and in this way open a dialogue between proponents of different approaches to the said areas. As such, [sic] is seen as an international platform for scholars, practitioners and artists dealing with culture, literature and literary translation.

My Poor Sofija

[sic] – a Journal of Literature, Culture and Literary Translation focuses on theoretical, empirical and artistic research in the fields of culture, literature and literary translation. [sic] thus welcomes the submission of works that focus on various theoretical or empirical problems within the fields listed above, as well as original translations. By publishing research papers, video essays, reviews, literary criticism, interviews and literature in translation, [sic] wishes to offer a wide, interdisciplinary approach to dominant, but also marginal and/or currently unrecognized as well as emerging literary and cultural trends and practices and in this way open a dialogue between proponents of different approaches to the said areas. As such, [sic] is seen as an international platform for scholars, practitioners and artists dealing with culture, literature and literary translation.

Female Desire and Feminist Rage: Ana Lily Amirpour's Reworking of the Vampire Motif in A Girl Walks Home Alone at Night

[sic] – a Journal of Literature, Culture and Literary Translation focuses on theoretical, empirical and artistic research in the fields of culture, literature and literary translation. [sic] thus welcomes the submission of works that focus on various theoretical or empirical problems within the fields listed above, as well as original translations. By publishing research papers, video essays, reviews, literary criticism, interviews and literature in translation, [sic] wishes to offer a wide, interdisciplinary approach to dominant, but also marginal and/or currently unrecognized as well as emerging literary and cultural trends and practices and in this way open a dialogue between proponents of different approaches to the said areas. As such, [sic] is seen as an international platform for scholars, practitioners and artists dealing with culture, literature and literary translation.

“But What about Me, and What I Felt?”: Morrissey’s List of the Lost as Queer Gothic

[sic] – a Journal of Literature, Culture and Literary Translation focuses on theoretical, empirical and artistic research in the fields of culture, literature and literary translation. [sic] thus welcomes the submission of works that focus on various theoretical or empirical problems within the fields listed above, as well as original translations. By publishing research papers, video essays, reviews, literary criticism, interviews and literature in translation, [sic] wishes to offer a wide, interdisciplinary approach to dominant, but also marginal and/or currently unrecognized as well as emerging literary and cultural trends and practices and in this way open a dialogue between proponents of different approaches to the said areas. As such, [sic] is seen as an international platform for scholars, practitioners and artists dealing with culture, literature and literary translation.

(Ne)iskonski užas u kinematografiji Davida Lyncha i Jordana Peelea

[sic] – a Journal of Literature, Culture and Literary Translation focuses on theoretical, empirical and artistic research in the fields of culture, literature and literary translation. [sic] thus welcomes the submission of works that focus on various theoretical or empirical problems within the fields listed above, as well as original translations. By publishing research papers, video essays, reviews, literary criticism, interviews and literature in translation, [sic] wishes to offer a wide, interdisciplinary approach to dominant, but also marginal and/or currently unrecognized as well as emerging literary and cultural trends and practices and in this way open a dialogue between proponents of different approaches to the said areas. As such, [sic] is seen as an international platform for scholars, practitioners and artists dealing with culture, literature and literary translation.

Narrativizing Trauma in the Apocalypse: Christianity and Burial in AMC’s The Walking Dead

[sic] – a Journal of Literature, Culture and Literary Translation focuses on theoretical, empirical and artistic research in the fields of culture, literature and literary translation. [sic] thus welcomes the submission of works that focus on various theoretical or empirical problems within the fields listed above, as well as original translations. By publishing research papers, video essays, reviews, literary criticism, interviews and literature in translation, [sic] wishes to offer a wide, interdisciplinary approach to dominant, but also marginal and/or currently unrecognized as well as emerging literary and cultural trends and practices and in this way open a dialogue between proponents of different approaches to the said areas. As such, [sic] is seen as an international platform for scholars, practitioners and artists dealing with culture, literature and literary translation.

A Map for Reading Trauma and Fear in the American Literary and Cultural Tradition

[sic] – a Journal of Literature, Culture and Literary Translation focuses on theoretical, empirical and artistic research in the fields of culture, literature and literary translation. [sic] thus welcomes the submission of works that focus on various theoretical or empirical problems within the fields listed above, as well as original translations. By publishing research papers, video essays, reviews, literary criticism, interviews and literature in translation, [sic] wishes to offer a wide, interdisciplinary approach to dominant, but also marginal and/or currently unrecognized as well as emerging literary and cultural trends and practices and in this way open a dialogue between proponents of different approaches to the said areas. As such, [sic] is seen as an international platform for scholars, practitioners and artists dealing with culture, literature and literary translation.