Empirical Picture Research Articles

Ireland, Literature, and the Coast: Seatangled by Nicholas Allen

<i>Ireland, Literature, and the Coast: Seatangled</i> by Nicholas Allen

The whole picture: Disentangling locality, logophoricity and subjecthood in English picture noun anaphora

This article provides a solution to the long-standing puzzle of English anaphors within so-called picture noun phrases, which superficially exhibit an exceptional binding behavior. In particular, picture noun anaphors seem, under certain conditions, to escape the locality conditions imposed by Condition A of Binding Theory. Previous proposals attribute such apparently exceptional behavior to various sources: the classical Binding Theory appeals to the possible presence of covert agents within NPs; predicate-based theories introduce the possibility of exemption from Condition A; others capitalize on possible homophony with (logophoric) pronouns. While all of these proposals provide valuable insight into some aspect of the puzzle, we show that they all fail to capture the full empirical picture. Based on a detailed examination of their behavior in various syntactic and interpretive conditions, we instead propose that English picture noun anaphors, like any other anaphor, systematically obey Condition A. Their apparent exemption from it in some cases derives from the possible implicitness of some binders, in particular, logophoric pronouns or nominal subjects. Furthermore, the availability of such covert binders is crucially affected by a binding-independent competition principle between weaker and stronger forms. Thus, the apparently irregular behavior of English picture noun anaphors results from the interaction between several factors (syntactic representation of logophoricity, syntactic projection of subjects in nouns, pronominal competition), which is responsible for the illusion that Condition A does not apply systematically. By disentangling these factors, we propose a solution that integrates previous insights without compromising on empirical adequacy or analytical parsimony.

Analysis of survival-skills among adolescents in Yogyakarta

The survival-skills are important to be possesed by adolescents. Nowadays, the threats in their environment are increasing and having survival-skill would help them to cope with problem that they face. Unfortunately, empirical study on survival-skills are rarely conducted. The purpose of this study is to examine and obtain an empirical picture of adolescent survival-safety skills in Yogyakarta. The research method that has been applied is a survey of 312 adolescents in 5 schools in Yogyakarta. The conclusion of this study is an affirmation of the findings of the findings as well as answers to the research questions that adolescents in Yogyakarta are generally in the potential of Survival-Safety Skills in the Medium category, meaning that conditions are sufficient to survive safely and obtain a sense of security for adolescents in living a life more prosperous. However, in some aspects it still shows Low, especially on Aspects: psychospiritual, Environmental Adaptation, and Having Hope

“The 21st Century Rabbit Paradox”

Abstract The unique relationship humans have with rabbits has been coined the “21st century rabbit paradox” because there are few social boundaries surrounding how rabbits are interacted with and used by humans. Though this paradoxical relationship with rabbits has been observed, there is no clear empirical picture of what it looks like. This online survey of 1,006 US adults is the first to measure the prevalence and nature of human interactions with and attitudes toward rabbits across multiple industries. This study finds that experiences with rabbits are quite often nonexistent, the types of experiences respondents have had with rabbits vary widely, and many respondents lacked opinions regarding how rabbits are used by humans. The findings provide a clear picture of just how paradoxical the human relationship with rabbits is in US society and suggests areas for future research.

Donkey Anaphora in Non-Monotonic Environments

Abstract Donkey anaphora in quantified sentences is ambiguous between an existential and a universal reading. The extent to which different readings are accessible depends on the quantifier, but how to model this dependence is debated (Kanazawa, 1994; Champollion et al. 2019). This study advances this debate by providing novel experimental data on the interpretation of donkey anaphora in sentences with non-monotonic quantifiers exactly 3 and all but one. We establish that while the existential reading of donkey anaphora is the preferred one with both exactly 3 and all but one, the universal reading is accessed more with all but one than with exactly 3. These results have important implications for both Kanazawa (1994) and Champollion et al. (2019) theories, as both need to be amended to fully capture the empirical picture.

Meta-regression analyses of relationships between burnout and depression with sampling and measurement methodological moderators.

Despite 35 years of study, burnout researchers have failed to reach a consensus about whether burnout is distinct from depression. This review compiled reports containing zero-order correlations between scores on burnout, depression, and other measures of negative affect (NA) based on (a) reviews published by Kahill (1988), Glass and McKnight (1996), and Bianchi et al. (2015b), and (b) a search of PsycInfo using "depression" and "burnout" as search terms to find relevant studies published after 2014. The resulting data set contained 69 studies with 196 burnout-depression correlations based on 46,191 participants. We found an overall effect size of .492 between scores on burnout and depression measures (essentially equivalent to the .52 value reported in Koutsimani et al.'s, 2019, review) and an effect size of .546 between the Maslach Burnout Inventory emotional exhaustion scale and depression. Similarly, a correlation of .53 between burnout and NA measures is similar in size to the .46 correlation found by Koutsimani et al. Moderator analyses indicated that a larger burnout-depression correlation was associated with a higher proportion of female participants in a study, older participants, participants who had worked longer, and burnout measures with higher reliability estimates. The effects of age and years employed on the burnout-depression relationship suggest that repeated and negative work experiences are required for burnout to develop to the extent that its effects overlap with symptoms of depression. Conceptualizing the empirical relation between burnout and depression as a single point estimate may miss the more complex empirical picture. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

On the dynamical evolution of Cepheids in star clusters

We investigated the occurrence of classical (type-I) Cepheid variable stars (henceforth Cepheids) in dynamically evolving star clusters from birth to an age of approximately 300 Myr. The clusters are modelled by the Aarseth codeNBODY6, and they feature a realistic stellar initial mass function and initial binary star population, single star and binary star evolution, expulsion of the primordial gas, and tidal field of the galaxy. Our simulations provide the first detailed dynamical picture of how frequently Cepheids remain gravitationally bound to their birth clusters versus how frequently they occur in the field. They allow us to quantify the relevance of various cluster ejection mechanisms and how they depend on stellar mass. Overall, the simulations agree with the empirical picture that a small fraction (≈10%) of Cepheids reside in clusters, that cluster halo membership is relatively common, and that the majority of Cepheid hosting clusters only have a single Cepheid member. Additionally, the simulations predict that (a) Cepheid progenitors are much more likely to escape from low-mass than higher mass clusters; (b) higher-mass (long-period) Cepheids are ≈30% more likely to be found in clusters than low-mass (short-period) Cepheids; (c) the clustered Cepheid fraction increases with galactocentric radius since cluster dispersal is less efficient at greater radii; (d) a lower metallicity reduces the overall clustered Cepheid fraction because the lower minimum mass of Cepheids leaves more time for cluster dispersal (this primarily affects short-period Cepheids); and (e) high-mass clusters are much more likely to have more than one Cepheid member at any given time, in particular at a lower metallicity. We interpret the results as outcomes of various aspects of star cluster dynamics. The comparison of predicted and observed clustered Cepheid fractions,fCC, highlights the need for additional cluster disruption mechanisms, most likely encounters with giant molecular clouds, to explain the observed fractions.

Which Presuppositions are Subject to Contextual Felicity Constraints?

Some sentences with presupposition triggers can be felicitously uttered when their presuppositions are not entailed by the context, whereas others are infelicitous in such environments, a phenomenon known as Missing Accommodation / Informative Presupposition or varying Contextual Felicity Constraints (CFCs). Despite an abundance of recent quantitative work on presuppositions, this aspect of their behavior has received less attention via experimentation. Here, we present the results from a semantic rating study testing the relative CFC strength of thirteen presupposition triggers, making this the largest cross-trigger comparison reported in the literature to date. The results support a three-way categorical analysis of presupposition triggers, based on imposing strong, weak, or no CFCs. We observe that strong CFC triggers are all focus-associating, suggesting that (at least some of the) variation in behavior arises due to naturally-occurring semantic classes. We compare our results to three previous proposals for CFC variation and argue that none yet account for the full empirical picture.

PEMENUHAN KEBUTUHAN ANAK SAAT PANDEMI COVID-19 DI PANTI SOSIAL ASUHAN ANAK AL-MUBAROKAH LEBAK BULUS JAKARTA

Every human being needs the fulfillment of basic needs in life, as well as children. During the covid-19 pandemic the fulfillment of the needs of orphanage children needs to be considered. This study aims to find out an in-depth and empirical picture of the fulfillment of children's needs during the covid-19 pandemic at al-Mubarokah Children's Orphanage which includes aspects of physiological needs, security needs and social needs. The research uses qualitative approach with descriptive method. Informants in this study were three caregivers, two caretakers and three foster children. Data collection is conducted with in-depth interviews, observations and documentation studies. The results showed that social needs seen from sub-aspects of social interaction showed good results. While aspects of physiological needs and the need for security have not been maximized. In an effort to improve physiological needs and security needs, a program was designed. The program proposed by researchers is Panti Sigap for Children's Needs during the Covid-19 Pandemic. The purpose of this program is to improve the fulfillment of children's needs related to aspects of physiological needs and security. This program uses the groupwork method.

Research of the dominant psycho-emotional states of university lecturers during the progression of the COVID-19 pandemic

The aim of the article was empirical research of the dominant psycho-emotional states of university lecturers during the progression of the COVID-19 pandemic. The article is devoted to an empirical study of the factor structure and the prevailing correlations between the psycho-emotional states of the respondents. Valid empirical methods with standardized questionnaires were used: the dominant coping strategy research method, the test of differentiation of emotional states, and the anxiety research method. The study’s empirical picture constructed. Psycho-emotional states were qualitatively interpreted, states were distinguished, and semantic psychological parameters were defined. The factor structure of the dominant psycho-emotional states of university lecturers was determined. The psycho-emotional state of F1 “Isolated activity”, which had the most intercorrelations and had the most significant (p≤.01) correlation with F4 “Pragmatic avoidance” (.344), was found to have the greatest factor load. It was empirically established and theoretically substantiated that the structure, variables, and interdependence of the factors of dominant psycho-emotional states were important components in solving issues of lecturers’ professional activity. It was noted that the findings may be useful for university administrations and pedagogical psychology researchers.

The acquisition of wh-questions: Beyond structural economy and input frequency

ABSTRACT We present in this article corpus analyses, two experiments, and a preliminary English-French comparison on children’s acquisition of wh-in-situ. Our examination of 10,000 wh-questions from CHILDES reveals that the reported empirical picture of wh-question acquisition in English is incomplete: A type of wh-in-situ, probe questions (PQs), has been left out from most discussions despite its presence in child-directed speech. Unlike wh-in-situ echo questions (EQs), PQs are used to request new information, and parents frequently use PQs and fronted information-seeking questions in alternation. The fact that PQs share the pragmatic space with fronted wh-questions while involving fewer syntactic operations and exhibiting lower input frequency allows us to test both structure-based and frequency-based theories of syntax acquisition. Our comprehension task with 3;06–5;06-year-olds confirms that children accept and understand PQs as information seeking. On the other hand, results from a production task show a strong avoidance of wh-in-situ, which is in line with reported elicited data from French-speaking children. We reason that a structural economy-based approach alone is not sufficient to account for children’s disfavor of wh-in-situ. Depending on the input frequency and consistency, as well as the number of variants licensed by the grammar of a given language, children may treat part of the input as uninformative and initially only learn from higher-frequent, more regularized input. Their intake is thus selective.

Why adults with psychiatric conditions request euthanasia: A qualitative interview study of life experiences, motives and preventive factors

ObjectiveAs the empirical picture of adults with psychiatric conditions (further referred to as 'patients') requesting euthanasia is still incomplete, this study aims to deepen our understanding of why these patients request euthanasia, how this relates to the option of suicide, and what could have prevented these patients from considering death and requesting euthanasia. MethodsA qualitative study using in-depth, face-to-face interviews was conducted with 16 patients who had their euthanasia request under assessment in the period 2016–2020. Thematic coding was used. FindingsMost patients were in a state of feeling emotionally worn-out as a result of the many accumulated misfortunes and setbacks, leading to the all-pervasive sense that life is no longer worth living. Whereas some patients reported lifelong adversity, others struggled predominantly in later life. Whereas some patients longed for death strongly, others expressed ambivalence towards death ideation, and some even requested euthanasia to hear of their ineligibility for it, to restore hope and to (re)find meaning in life. patients valued euthanasia over suicide as being more dignified and acceptable, both for themselves and for their inner circle. With regard to preventive factors, patients posited the need for improved accessibility and quality of mental healthcare, as well as a profound change in society's perception of, and support for, these patients. ConclusionsThis study revealed the many complexities of euthanasia in the context of psychiatry, due to the many differences in patients' background characteristics, in their motives for requesting euthanasia, and the multi-layered aspects of mental suffering that go beyond the field of psychiatry.

E-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONAL GOVERNANCE, POLICY COMMUNICATION AND DIGITALIZATION OF LAND OWNERSHIP IDENTITY (NETNOGRAPHIC STUDY ON THE ISSUANCE OF ELECTRONIC LAND CERTIFICATES)

The purpose of the research is to obtain an empirical picture of the factors that cause difficulties in implementing public policies based on identity digitalization in e-certificates. The research is based on e-government theory, identity digitization, and policy communication. Netnography research methods were used in a constructive/interpretive paradigm. Data collection was carried out through the ATR Public Group on Facebook on February 24, 2021, March 6 &amp; 8, 2021. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis and netnography models in five steps: defining research questions, selecting and identifying communities, collecting data, analyzing, and reporting. Data verification is supported by theoretical triangulation to obtain better credibility. The research findings cover three aspects. First, the public believes that agrarian reform is considered incomplete. This opinion is characterized by a variety of unresolved land issues. Second, electronic land certificates, which are the entrance to digital identity-based e-government governance, are very risky. Third, the crucial aspect is that the government is considered unskilled in choosing the model of communication channels for the public. Consequently, there are pros and cons to the e-certificate policy, which resulted in the state’s failure to execute the electronic land certificate rule. The novelty of this research is in applying netnography design that is relatively new in qualitative research and focuses on the virtual community study. Netnography has a strong and prospective contemporary relevance, especially in the world impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic. This research recommends the state to carefully consider the public’s response when issuing information technology-based regulations.

“Between a Rock and a Hard Place”: The Coronavirus, Livelihoods, and Socioeconomic Upheaval in Harare’s High-Density Areas of Zimbabwe

For Zimbabwe, the confirmed Covid-19 deaths for 2020 numbered in the hundreds, not thousands. Still, Covid-19 could not have come at a worse time owing to a myriad of crises the country was going through. As a result, the Covid-19 pandemic was much more than a public health crisis as it threatened already vulnerable people, putting lives and livelihoods at risk. This article focuses on the socioeconomic impact of the novel coronavirus pandemic, examining the social pattern of its unfolding and impact, analyzing the institutional and communal responses to the disease, and marking the effects of its aftermath in Harare’s high-density residential spaces. The research design captures a broad empirical picture of what was happening by specifically drawing on case study examples from Harare, the capital city of Zimbabwe. The broad objective of the research brings out how low-income households experienced the Covid-19 pandemic compared to higher-income households as informed by sex-based differences, access to healthcare, and food. It also captures the differential impacts and inequalities in socioeconomic outcomes, livelihoods, poverty reduction, and human development informing these household experiences. Beyond this, the study captures and highlights how the Covid-19 crisis led to widespread instances of food insecurity, economic anxiety, and general disenfranchisement from alternative sources of income that, in turn, created further social upheaval. The last strand of this article exposes the implications of some of the public health measures instituted in attempts to tackle Covid-19.

The cognitive benefits of bilingualism in autism spectrum disorder: Is theory of mind boosted and by which underlying factors?

This study examined whether bilingualism boosts Theory of Mind as measured by a non-verbal false belief (FB) task in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and how this potential boost may stem from improvements in a variety of other domains, namely executive functions (EFs), language, metalinguistic awareness skills, as well as autism severity. One hundred and three children with ASD (7- to 15-year-olds) (43 bilingual and 60 age- and IQ-matched monolingual children) were tested on a nonverbal task of attentional switching, working memory and updating task, and an online, low-verbal first-order FB task. Results showed a clear FB benefit for bilingual children with ASD as compared with their monolingual peers. There were also boosts in EF, however, there is no evidence that these EF boosts drove the FB advantage. Enhanced FB was not explained either by language, metalinguistic skills, or lower autism severity. While the results do not conclusively settle the debate on what triggers the ToM advantage in bilingual children with ASD, the empirical picture of the current study suggests that the ToM component of FB understanding in bilingual children with ASD is enhanced by the bilingual experience per se. LAY SUMMARY: The current study aimed to determine if and how bilingualism may improve the ability to understand others' beliefs in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We assessed their belief reasoning alongside a series of other skills hypothesized to be beneficial for such reasoning, namely understanding, producing, and thinking about language, recalling and switching between information, and the severity of their autistic symptoms. The overall findings highlight advantages for bilingual children with ASD over their monolingual peers for grasping beliefs, thus suggesting that pursuing bilingualism may be beneficial for cognition in ASD. Other boosts were also associated with bilingualism, such as recalling and switching between information, but these boosts were not directly related to belief understanding, highlighting the beneficial role of bilingualism per se.

Memahami Keputusan Meninggalkan Zona Nyaman Karyawan “X” BUMN

Background – Leadership and organizational culture is one of the keys for someone deciding to leave or maintain their work comfort zone. BUMN companies are taken in this case because of the social fact that these companies are able to provide adequate compensation and even tend to be abundant. However, whether these social facts are in line with the facts in the field will be the focus of this study to reveal these things that are juxtaposed with organizational culture and leadership in it. Purpose – This study aims to obtain an empirical picture in the field in order to find the justification for someone leaving the comfort zone of BUMN. Design / Methodology / Approach – This research uses explanatory principles by digging up information related to the decision to leave the comfort zone of BUMN, an interesting phenomenon in which BUMN employees are known to receive better compensation than other companies and have secured prestigious positions in the company but choose to leave. The selected subjects are BUMN executive employees who choose to leave their positions before entering retirement. Result and Discussion – The results of this study reveal an interesting fact where respect for company executives is a very important thing that must be given by the CEO/ President Director and if there is any neglect of this, the risk faced is the loss of potential employees. Other findings may be that further study is the best option to reduce work stress. Conclusion – Organizational culture factors that are too dynamic have a positive influence on leaving the comfort zone of work. Researh Limitations – This study uses a limited subject, therefore the picture described follows the limitations of the number of subjects taken.

The Influence of The Question Box Media Assisted Teams Games Tournament Model on Science Learning Outcomes at Elementary School

This study aims to provide an empirical picture of whether or not the Teams Games-Tournament (TGT) learning model aided by Question Box media has an impact on the fourth-grade science learning outcomes at SDN Cengkareng Barat 16 Pagi West Jakarta in the second semester of the 2018/2019 academic year. The research population consisted of 55 students consisting of 28 students of class IV A and 27 students of IV B. The sampling technique used is saturated sampling. This study used a quantitative approach, and the research method used was a quasi-experimental design with a Nonequivalent Posttest-Only Control Group Design. The result showed an effect of the Teams Games-Tournament (TGT) learning model assisted by the question box media on student learning outcomes in science.

KYM ANDERSON and SIGNE NELGEN: Which Winegrape Varieties are Grown Where? A Global Empirical Picture (revised edition). University of Adelaide Press, Adelaide, 2020, 800 pp., ISBN 978-1-925261-86-8, free eBook downloadable from https://www.adelaide.edu.au/press/titles/winegrapes; $75 (paperback).

KYM ANDERSON and SIGNE NELGEN: Which Winegrape Varieties are Grown Where? A Global Empirical Picture (revised edition). University of Adelaide Press, Adelaide, 2020, 800 pp., ISBN 978-1-925261-86-8, free eBook downloadable from https://www.adelaide.edu.au/press/titles/winegrapes; $75 (paperback). - Volume 16 Issue 1

Quasiclassical calculations of Landau level spectrum for 20.5-nm-wide H gTe quantum well: “extremum loop” model and effects of cubic symmetry

Quasiclassical calculations of the effective cyclotron mass and the spectrum of Landau levels have been carried out for carriers of the size-quantized H2 subband with a nonmonotonic dispersion law, which forms a valence band of 20.5-nm-wide HgTe quantum well with an inverted band structure. The model of the so-called “extremum loop”, previously developed by Rashba and Sheka for semiconductors with a wurtzite lattice, has been used for calculations. The results obtained are compared both with the empirical picture and with quantum-mechanical calculations of the Landau level spectrum for the HgTe quantum well in the semimetallic phase.

TINJAUAN SISTEMATIS: STRATEGIS SCAFFOLDING PADA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA

This scientific article presents the results of a literature review on scaffolding strategies in mathematics education (2015-2020). The literature review was based on 32 scientific publications that met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis with a total sample size of 1368 students (participants). In theory, this literature research aims to provide an empirical picture of the latest literature on the application of scaffolding strategies and analyze teacher-student interaction patterns when scaffolding is implemented in mathematics learning. The results of this literature review indicate that the pattern of teacher-student interaction when scaffolding support follows an approach: one-to-one scaffolding, peer-scaffolding, and computer-based scaffolding. here are three categories of teacher tendencies in providing scaffolding support, namely: cognitive scaffolding, affective scaffolding, and metacognitive scaffolding. The results of the literature review also concluded that the application of scaffolding strategies in mathematics learning was effective in terms of reducing mathematics anxiety, motivating and increasing student achievement