Emphatic Stress Research Articles

ANALYSING WOMEN'S LANGUAGE FEATURES IN ESHA CHHABRA'S TED TALK ON ENVIRONMENTAL BUSINESS

This research, titled "Women's Language Features of Environmental Business Journalist Esha Chhabra Video on TED YouTube Channel," aims to identify the characteristics of women's language used by Esha Chhabra. The data was collected from her spoken words in the video. The study identified 41 instances of women's language features, including lexical hedges, tag questions, rising intonation, empty adjectives, intensifiers, hypercorrect grammar, super polite forms, and emphatic stress. The most frequently used feature was the intensifier, which the speaker employed to reinforce her statements and persuade the audience. While the least encountered features are tag question, hypercorrect grammar, and emphatic stress. Notably, two features—precise color terms and strong swears words—was absent. This absence is attributed to the video's business context, where strong swear words are inappropriate, and precise color terms are unnecessary. This research contributes to understanding how women's language features are utilized in professional and public speaking contexts.

A neurocomputational view of the effects of Parkinson's disease on speech production.

The purpose of this article is to review the scientific literature concerning speech in Parkinson's disease (PD) with reference to the DIVA/GODIVA neurocomputational modeling framework. Within this theoretical view, the basal ganglia (BG) contribute to several different aspects of speech motor learning and execution. First, the BG are posited to play a role in the initiation and scaling of speech movements. Within the DIVA/GODIVA framework, initiation and scaling are carried out by initiation map nodes in the supplementary motor area acting in concert with the BG. Reduced support of the initiation map from the BG in PD would result in reduced movement intensity as well as susceptibility to early termination of movement. A second proposed role concerns the learning of common speech sequences, such as phoneme sequences comprising words; this view receives support from the animal literature as well as studies identifying speech sequence learning deficits in PD. Third, the BG may play a role in the temporary buffering and sequencing of longer speech utterances such as phrases during conversational speech. Although the literature does not support a critical role for the BG in representing sequence order (since incorrectly ordered speech is not characteristic of PD), the BG are posited to contribute to the scaling of individual movements in the sequence, including increasing movement intensity for emphatic stress on key words. Therapeutic interventions for PD have inconsistent effects on speech. In contrast to dopaminergic treatments, which typically either leave speech unchanged or lead to minor improvements, deep brain stimulation (DBS) can degrade speech in some cases and improve it in others. However, cases of degradation may be due to unintended stimulation of efferent motor projections to the speech articulators. Findings of spared speech after bilateral pallidotomy appear to indicate that any role played by the BG in adult speech must be supplementary rather than mandatory, with the sequential order of well-learned sequences apparently represented elsewhere (e.g., in cortico-cortical projections).

Women’s Language Features In The Lady Bird Movie

This research analyzed women’s language used in Lady Bird movie, focusing on Christine’s utterances as the main character of the movie. The data was collected using documentation method and note-taking technique. The descriptive qualitative method was used to analyze the data based on Lakoff’s theory on women’s language features and Pearson’s theory on language functions. The results were presented in sentences. The result showed that Christine uses lexical hedges or fillers, tag questions, rising intonation on declaratives, empty adjectives, intensifiers, hypercorrect grammar, super polite forms, avoidance of strong swear words, and emphatic stress. Precise color term is found in Marion’s utterance. These features are used for expressing uncertainty, seeking responses, softening utterances, initiating discussion, and conveying emotion, according to Pearson’s five language functions.

Impact of prominence type on the coarticulation of vowels following palatalized consonants

The quantitative impact of prominence (neutral vs emphatic stress) on the coarticulation of the Russian low [æ], mid [e] and high [i] front vowels is evaluated in CV sequences with palatalized consonants of various places of obstruction. The research is conditioned by the aims of speech synthesis and recognition of the Russian language, the current data in the field being insufficient. First order linear equations (locus equations) are used to evaluate the degree of CV coarticulation. The experiment is performed on CjVCjV nonsense words imbedded in the middle position of a carrier phrase «Vyros CVCV sjyljnym» («CjVCjV has grown up strong»). The first syllable of the target words was uttered both with neutral and emphatic stress. The Praat software was used to measure F2 formant values at vowel onsets and central parts. It was established that linear regression slopes are similar both in the Y-intercepts and slope coefficients for the palatalized consonants of various places of obstruction uttered with the same prominence. The degree of coarticulation was different depending upon the type of prominence (neutral or emphatic): the coefficients were lower in case of the emphatic stress compared to those of the neutral one. ANOVA analysis and Student’s t-test were performed to reveal the difference in F2 values of vowel onsets and middle parts as a function of the vowel openness and type of prominence. The results obtained were interpreted based on the degree of the openness of the vowels under study: an open vowel under emphatic stress tends to expand its vowel space by a backward displacement while close vowels tend to move forward in the mouth cavity when pronounced with emphatic stress.

An Analysis Women’s Language Feature Used by Erin Gruwell in Freedom Writers Movie

All Gender is one of the factors that can influence the way a people used a language. Gender is a characteristic of men and women that influences their social environments. people have various styles of language when communicating with people with different social classes in society. Therefore, the researcher chose to analyze the women’s language used by Erin, an English teacher who tried to change his students' point of view in the movie entitled The Freedom Writers. The research method used in this study is a qualitative research design it investigates the utterances of women’s language feature used by Erin as the main character in Freedom writers movie by using human as the instrument. In content analysis, the researcher watch and read to understand the movie, listing the utterances by Erin as the main character in Freedom Writers movie. Then the researcher analyzed by identifying the data which were categorized as type of women’s language feature. Analyzing the data based on Lakoff’s theory: lexical hedges or fillers, tag questions, rising intonation on declaratives, ‘empty’ adjectives, precise color terms, intensifiers, ‘hypercorrect’ grammar, ‘superpolite’ forms, avoidance of strong swear words, and emphatic stress. From the data analysis, the result of this study showed that: (1) there are eight type of women’s language feature used by Erin as the main character in freedom writers movie consisted lexical hedges or fillers, tag questions, rising intonation on declaratives, ‘empty’ adjectives, intensifiers, ‘hypercorrect’ grammar, ‘superpolite’ forms and avoidance of strong swear words. (2) the dominant type used by Erin in freedom writer movie is “hypercorrect” Grammar.

Не какъв да е мелодичен контур: влияние на прозодията върху семантиката на неопределителните местоимения от типа който и да е

This study aims to address a debated question concerning the influence of emphatic stress on the semantics of koyto i da e indefinite pronouns (IPs). The meaning of this class of IPs is often analyzed in comparison to the meaning of the class of koy da e IPs. In contrastive context koyto i da e forms imply absolute randomness in the selection of an element from a given set, while koy da e forms imply selection from a subset of elements of low and medium value. It is assumed that such a contrast is created in negative sentences. Some authors argue that in this type of context IPs from both classes are not interchangeable, while others suggest that placing emphatic stress on koyto i da e aligns its semantics with koy da e. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a survey in which respondents were asked to determine the semantics of nine structurally identical sentences containing koyto i da e indefinite pronouns, differing only in their prosodic contour (emphatic or non-emphatic). The article begins with a review of approaches to modeling the semantics of both types of indefinite pronouns and the role of negation and emphasis. Attention is given to the difference in expressive strength between written and spoken language and its impact. Subsequently, we present the survey, along with the obtained results and their interpretation.

FEATURES OF WOMEN’S LANGUAGE IN “ENOLA HOLMES 2” FILM: A SOCIOLINGUISTICS STUDY

This research aims to identify the features of women's language used in Enola Holmes 2 Film based on Robin Lakoff’s theory (1973) and to analyse the functions of women's language that appears in Enola Holmes 2 Film based on Judy C. Pearson (1985). The method used in this research is the descriptive qualitative research method, which discusses and observes the data source. The data analysed were collected by transcribing the film Enola Holmes 2. In total, there are 70 data collected from the data source. The collected data were then classified based on 10 features of women's language proposed by Lakoff in 1973. The results of this study show that 8 (eight) features of women’s language appear in Enola Holmes 2. The dominant feature that appears in the data source is lexical hedges or filler with 30 data in total (43%). Others are classified as rising intonation on declaratives for 13 data (19%), 7 data of tag questions (10%), 7 data of emphatic stress (10%), 6 data of intensifiers (9%), 3 data of avoidance to strong swear words (4%), 2 data of super polite form (3%), and 2 data of empty adjectives (3%). Then, the functions of women’s language found in the data source are to express feeling as much as 34 data (49%), 12 data to start discussion (17%), 10 data to express uncertainty (14%), and 8 data to get respond (11%). The function of women’s language that is less used in the data source is to soften utterance, 6 data or 9%.

A Prosodic and Perceptional Study on the Chinese Interrogative Pronoun “Shen Me” When Indicating Inquiry, Free Reference and Negation (in Chinese)

This paper makes a comprehensive investigation and comparison of the prosodic and perceptual performance of the interrogative pronoun " shen me " when indicating question, free reference and negation. The results show that the prosodic performance of the sentence using " shen me " to indicate a question is similar to the prosody of an interrogative sentence; the sentence using " shen me " to indicate free reference has the intonation of a declarative sentence with the focus stress on “ dou ”; and the sentence using " shen me " to indicate negation has the intonation of an exclamatory sentence with focus stress on " shen me " or the predicative verb “ suan ”. The results of these perceptual experiments show that the acoustic differences of " shen me " won’t affect the listener’s judgement of the mood of the original sentence, but will affect the judgement of its naturalness to a certain extent. Combining acoustic and perceptual performance, “shen me” indicating a question and free reference carries natural stress, and " shen me " indicating negation carries emphatic stress. The three functions of " shen me " should be discriminated using multi-dimensional standards, that is, both prosody and perception. Additionally, the prosodic standard should include pitch, duration and intensity.

WOMEN’S LANGUAGE FEATURES USED BY MAIN CHARACTER IN JOY MOVIE BY DAVID O. RUSSEL

This study aims to determine women’s language features used by the main character in the Joy movie based on Lakoff's theory. This study uses descriptive qualitative method. More specifically, the researcher used the theory of Miles, Huberman Saldana (2014) which consists of data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification to analyze the data and describe the findings. Data sources were collected from the utterances of the main character from the movie. The findings show that there are nine out of ten women’s language features used by the main character in the movie. They were lexical hedges or fillers, tag questions, rising intonation on declarative, empty adjective, intensifiers, hypercorrect grammar, superpolite forms, avoidance of strong swear words, and emphatic stress. While precise color terms are not found in the movie.

THE PECULIARITIES OF WOMEN’S COLLOQUIAL SPEECH

One of the factors of linguistic variability in spoken language is gender, which is defined as a set of ideas about the job qualities of men and women, a system of cultural patterns that regulate the social behavior of men and women. There are many different theories and assumptions explaining the existence of gender differences in a language. However, modern gender studies in linguistics testify to the ambiguous interpretation of the results obtained by scientists. Some scientists claim that the language characteristics of men and women have no fundamental differences, others believe that the language of women and men has certain specificities. We share the opinion of those scientists who see fundamental differences in the spoken speech of both sexes. Therefore, in this paper we are aimed at researching the peculiarities of women’s colloquial speech, which are manifested in women's use of lexical fillers, tag questions, rising intonation in declaratives, an excessive number of connotative adjectives, various speech intensifiers, impeccably correct grammar, super polite forms, emphatic stress and avoidance of swearing as such. The article also outlines the distinguishing features of female language from directly male language. Women can often discuss the same topic for a long time while men, on the contrary, jump from topic to topic. Women take turns in conversation, apologizing for talking too much, while men interrupt each other in an attempt to dominate. A woman's linguistic abilities are much deeper, more meaningful, because women react faster to what is said, they perceive what is said and respond. Men are more reserved in conversation, react to what is said more slowly, often hesitate and doubt. Women's speech is characterized by greater sophistication, because in conversation a woman tries to avoid harsh expressions, uses softer gentler and more aesthetic verbal forms. If men in dialogues usually strive for more generalizing statements, women prefer first-person forms.

Features of Women’s Language Used by Female Characters in Anne with an E Series

This study investigates the women’s language features used by the female characters in Anne with An E series. The data source was taken from a series entitled Anne with An E. The data were obtained from the dialogue of the female characters. The qualitative research method was used to analyze the data in this research. Women’s language features proposed by Lakoff (1975) were applied in the analysis. The results show all the women’s language features are used by the female characters in Anne with An E series. They were lexical hedges, tag questions, rising intonation on declarative, empty adjectives, precise colour terms, intensifiers, hypercorrect grammar, super polite forms, avoidance of strong swear words, and emphatic stress. The results of this research have proven Lakoff's (1975) theory.Keywords: Women’s language features, female characters

Women’s Language Features On Bridgerton Cast Youtube Interview By Netflix

In sociolinguistics, study about language and gender exists which relates to the relationship between the language of male and female. The most popular study about the related topic is the study of women’s language features by Robin Lakoff. The way women and men in delivering content in a conversation have different characteristics and it is interesting to be studied hence we acknowledge how language is used by different genders, especially for women as the most frequent role to be appeared in the data source. This study aimed at identifying the types of women’s language and describing the functions of each feature applied by the female casts of Bridgerton in an interview video. The data in this study were taken from a YouTube video held by Netflix entitled “TUDUM: Extended Talent Panel”. The method used in collecting the data was the observation method along with the note-taking technique. The theory used to analyze the data was the theory of women’s language proposed by Lakoff (1995). The result of this study shows that there are seven women’s language features found in the Youtube interview video of Bridgerton cast such as lexical hedges or fillers, tag questions, rising intonation on declarative, empty adjectives, intensifiers, hypercorrect grammar, and avoidance of strong words. However, some women’s language features are absent in the video such as precise color terms, super-polite form, and emphatic stress. The most dominant feature used is the lexical hedges with a total of 3 types used by the female cast. This feature is used to indicate that the speaker is uncertain about their statements, to give preparation time before the statement, and to decrease the strength of the statement.Bridgerton

An Analysis of Women's Language Used in the Movie Encanto

This study concerns with women’s language used in the movie Encanto. The aims of the study were to find out the use of women’s language features and language functions of women’s language used by female characters in the movie Encanto. The utterances of female characters were analyzed by using Lakoff’s women’s language theory and Jakobson’s language function theory. Qualitative method used in this study to analyzing the data and describe the findings. There were 65 utterances from eight features of women’s language features that occurred in the movie Encanto. They were 15 lexical hedges or fillers, 14 intensifiers, 6 rising intonations, 3 ‘empty’ adjectives, 12 emphatic stress, 8 tag questions, 5 ‘superpolite’ forms, and 2 avoidance of strong swear words. Lexical hedges or fillers came out as the most dominant feature of women’s language features used in the movie Encanto. Then, the kinds of language function used by female characters in the movie Encanto were expressive function, directive function, referential function, metalinguistic function, and phatic function. The most dominant language function used by female characters in the movie Encanto was expressive function.

Sociolinguistic analysis of language and gender identity in talk shows

This study aimed to identify the kinds and purposes of women’s language used by Cinta Laura in talk shows. To address the research issue, the researchers utilized a qualitative research approach and content analysis. The researchers as the human research subjects and the observation sheet were the two research tools used in this study. The researchers used Cinta Laura’s talk show recording and video script, which she presented in June 2021, to conduct their study. This study’s findings indicated that not all forms of women’s language employed Cinta Laura. The researchers identified seven different gender-specific linguistic features. Lexical hedges account for 24.90% of these characteristics, rising intonation for 1.28, empty adjectives for 1.16, intensifier for 22.56, hypercorrect grammar for 32.29, avoidance of harsh swearing for 0.3%, and emphatic stress for 15.95%. Tag inquiry, price color word, and extreme politeness are characteristics of the language of the absent ladies. Hypercorrect grammar is the language trait most common in women. Hypercorrect grammar in this Talk Show serves to highlight the key concept or term that she wished to accentuate.

WOMEN’S LANGUAGE FEATURES OF A TOP WOMAN CELEBRITY

This study aims to examine the style of language that is often used by women. This study discusses the features of women’s language used by Lisa Blackpink in her interview on the Zach Sang Show YouTube channel entitled Lisa Talks Lalisa, Money, Blackpink, & More. Data of this study were analyzed using women’s language features theory by Lakoff (1975). The method used to analyze this research is a qualitative method with data taken from Lisa's interview with Zach Sang which have been transcribed. The results showed that Lisa used nine out of ten women’s language features proposed by Lakoff with a total of 167 data with the following details: 120 lexical hedges/fillers, 20 intensifiers, 5 rising intonations, 5 empty adjectives, 5 hypercorrect grammars, 4 emphatic stress, 4 avoidance of strong swear words, 3 super polite forms, and 1 question tag. Meanwhile, women's language feature that are not spoken by Lisa in her interview was precise color terms.

Fitur Bahasa Perempuan pada Gelar Wicara Kiki Saputri: “Roasting itu Mereka yang Minta” dalam Kanal Mata Najwa (Perspektif Robin Lakoff)

The use of woman language has distinctive characteristics that are different from the language used by man both in reality in life and in cyberspace. As for the content of the speech title on Najwa Sihab's Youtube channel, a woman speaker named Kiki Saputri is a representation of woman's language. The research method uses descriptive qualitative. The data such as words, phrases, clauses, and sentences that indicate woman language features. The source of the data comes from impressions that focus on Kiki Saputri's words. Data collection techniques are carried out by reading notes. The intepretative data analysis technique is description of the researcher in the woman language features of Lakoff's perpective. The results showed that a woman guest star named Kiki used seven of ten language features which included lexical hedges founded 5 data, increased intonation 4 data, intensifier 3 data, use of language according to the rules of 3 data, empty adjectives, emphatic stress, and polite speech each founded 1 data.

WOMEN’S LANGUAGE FEATURES IN THE PODCAST STORIES OF THE SOUL

This study aims at determining the women’s language features produced by Najwa Zebian in the podcast Stories of The Souls and its functions of women’s language. This research utilized a descriptive qualitative method to analyze the data. Data were utterances produced by Najwa Zebian indicating women language’s features. The findings of this research revealed that Najwa did not use all of the women’s language features in the podcast Stories of The Soul. The study identified nine women’s language features occurred, such as lexical hedges or fillers, tag questions, rising intonation , hypercorrect grammar , intensifiers as the most dominant used by Najwa in the podcasts, super polite forms , empty adjectives , avoidance of strong swear words , and emphatic stress . However, the result did not give the occurrence of precise color terms. This study also found several functions of women’s language features. All of the functions are applied to the features in the podcast, including expressing uncertainty, starting a discussion, expressing feelings, and softening an utterance.

The Women’s Language Features in Crazy Rich Asians Movie

This study aims to identify the women’s language features in Crazy Rich Asians movie. The women’s language features are identified using the theory of language and woman’s place proposed by Lakoff (2004). This is a qualitative study that used documentation and observation checklist method in collecting the data. In analyzing the data, this study applied the content analysis method. The result of the analysis was presented descriptively using the informal method. The analysis comes to the conclusion that the Crazy Rich Asian movie contains all women’s language features. There are ten women’s language features, namely lexical hedges, tag questions, rising intonation, empty adjectives, precise color terms, intensifiers, hypercorrect grammar, superpolite forms, avoidance of swearwords, and emphatic stress.

WOMEN’S LANGUAGE IN KIM KARDASHIAN’S INTERVIEW WITH VOGUE

As a subordinate group in society, women should speak and behave politely. This situation makes women have their characteristics when they speak. Kim Kardashian is a celebrity who has influenced many people through her fashion sense and career advancement as a celebrity and businesswoman. This research aims to examine the women's language characteristics that occurred in Kim Kardashian's utterances in her interview with Vogue. The instrument of this research is a document. First, the data were collected from Kim Kardashian’s interview with Vogue. The data were selected and identified the women's language characteristics that appeared in Kim Kardashian's utterances. Then the research showed the research findings by presenting the data and analysis. There are 360 data classified as women's language characteristics, which consist of 106 intensifiers, 84 hedges, 71 rising intonation, 34 emphatic stress, 31 hypercorrect grammar, 20 empty adjectives, five tag questions, 4 super polite forms, 3 specific colours, and 2 avoidances of swear words. An intensifier is a characteristic that Kim Kardashian frequently uses because she wants to express her certainty about her utterances and make them firmer, so the addressee will take her statements seriously and get the point of her statement.

Women Language Found in Falling Inn Love Movie

This study discusses about women’s language features that occur in the utterance of the main character from the Falling Inn Love movie. The aim of this study was to analyze women’s language features and the function of each feature that are used by the main character or Gabriela through the utterance by applying the main theory by Lakoff (1975) and Pearson (1985). In conducting the data, this study was using the descriptive qualitative method to organize the description of the data result. In presenting the data this study was using formal and informal methods. It was found nine out of ten features were used by the main character. The most feature that occurs in the main character utterance was lexical hedges or filler (25%) while the least feature that occurs in the dialogue was emphatic stress and hypercorrect grammar (2, 50%). Almost all the features by Lakoff (1975) are found in this movie except precise colour terms.