Empathy Ability Research Articles

Exploring the Role of Narrative Medicine in the Cultivation of Humanistic Spirit among Respiratory Medicine Interns

Objective: To explore the role of narrative medicine in cultivating the humanistic spirit of respiratory medicine interns. Methods: Thirty interns were selected, all of whom were received by the respiratory department of our hospital from September 2023 to June 2024 and underwent narrative medicine teaching. Scores on narrative medicine knowledge, empathy ability, humanistic care ability, and teaching recognition were compared before and after the internship. Results: Compared to before the internship, the interns’ scores on narrative medicine knowledge were significantly higher after the internship, as were their empathy and humanistic care scores (P < 0.05). Among the 30 interns, 25 expressed interest in narrative medicine, and 29 were willing to continue with the narrative medicine teaching model. Conclusion: The application of narrative medicine in respiratory medicine internship teaching is highly effective. It cultivates the humanistic spirit of interns, improves their empathy and humanistic care abilities, and is worthy of wider implementation.

Knowledge of aging, attitudes toward older people and willingness to engage in geriatric rehabilitation among rehabilitation students in southwestern China: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundAs the global elderly population rises, providing quality care for older adults is increasingly challenging. Rehabilitation technicians are crucial in this effort. Their knowledge and attitudes significantly impact care quality and their willingness to work with the elderly. While many studies have examined healthcare professionals’ attitudes toward older adults, few focus on rehabilitation students. This study assesses Chinese rehabilitation students’ knowledge of aging, attitudes toward older individuals, willingness to care for them, and the factors influencing these aspects.MethodsA sample of 890 rehabilitation students from three colleges and universities in southwestern China was investigated with a self-administered questionnaire, which included socio-demographic information, the Palmore Facts on Aging Quiz, the Kogan’s Attitude towards Older People Scale and the Chinese Version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. Data analyses were conducted using SPSS version 25.0. Descriptive statistics were used to illustrate the demographic characteristics of the respondents. The frequency and percentage of responses was calculated. Means and standard deviations were computed for general knowledge of aging, attitudes toward older people, and empathy. Independent t-tests and one-way ANOVA assessed differences in FAQ, KAOP, and IRI-C scores between groups. Pearson’s correlation examined correlations among general knowledge of aging, attitudes toward older people and empathy ability. Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests compared willingness to engage in geriatric rehabilitation across different respondent characteristics. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis explored the independent effect of different variables on attitudes toward older people.ResultsThe Chinese rehabilitation students from three colleges and universities in southwestern China displayed a relatively low level of knowledge about aging, but a generally positive attitude towards older people. Females had significantly more positive attitudes toward older people than males(p<0.01). The students who had previous experience of being cared for by (maternal) grandparents, living with the elderly, and taking care of the elderly showed significantly more positive attitudes toward older people (p = 0.001, 0.007 and 0.007, respectively) and a significantly stronger willingness to engage in geriatric rehabilitation(p = 0.013, <0.01 and <0.01, respectively) than those who had not had these experiences. Students with good relationships with older people had more positive attitudes toward the elderly (p < 0.01) and greater willingness to engage in geriatric rehabilitation (p < 0.01). Those with frequent contact with the elderly also showed more positive attitudes (p < 0.01) and a stronger willingness to engage in geriatric rehabilitation (p = 0.002) compared to those with less contact. Knowledge of aging and empathy ability were both significantly positively related to attitudes toward older people and both independent predictors of attitudes toward older people(r = 0.143, p<0.01 and r = 0.337, p<0.01).ConclusionsIt is crucial to prepare rehabilitation students with adequate knowledge and positive attitudes to ensure the quality of rehabilitation and care provided to older people. Educators should adopt effective strategies to promote rehabilitation students’ geriatric rehabilitation knowledge and increase their positive attitudes toward older people.

Latent profile analysis of empathy ability and its relationship with professional quality of life among hospice nurses in China

BackgroundEmpathy is important in hospice nursing clinics and may influence nurses’ professional quality of life (ProQOL). However, present studies ignoring each empathic dimension, and few researches have explored the correlation between empathy and ProQOL in hospice nurses in Asia. To better understand hospice nurses’ empathy abilities in China and its relationship with ProQOL, the aim of this study was to identify the latent profiles and its influencing factors of hospice nurses’ empathy ability, as well as differences in ProQOL across each latent profile.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2021 to September 2022, and a total of 725 hospice nurses were recruited from different geographic regions in China. Participants completed the Empathy Ability Scale for Hospice Nurses and the Brief Professional Quality of Life Scale. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was employed to identify latent profiles of empathy ability among hospice nurses in China. The predictors of hospice nurses’ empathy ability in different latent profiles were assessed using multinomial logistic regression analysis. One-way ANOVA test and the Kruskal–Wallis test were used to compare the ProQOL scores in each latent profile of nurses’ empathy ability.ResultsThis study identified three latent profiles of hospice nurses’ empathy ability, and those profiles labelled “poor empathy ability-high surface empathy expression” (n = 216, 29.8%), “moderate empathy ability” (n = 359, 49.5%) and “high empathy ability-high deep empathy expression” (n = 150, 20.7%). Multinomial logistic regression analysis suggested that age, hospital level, whether income meets expectations, interests in hospice care work, hospice work experience, and receiving psychological counselling were predictors of hospice nurses’ profile membership of empathy ability. The scores of compassion satisfaction (CS) and burnout (BO) in ProQOL were significantly different across each profile (P < 0.001), while scores of secondary traumatic stress (STS) in ProQOL were not different across each profile (P = 0.294).ConclusionsHospice nurses’ empathy ability was divided into three latent profiles, and enhancing empathy ability may be conducive to improving hospice nurses’ CS, while reducing BO, thus fostering their overall quality of life. Nursing managers should identify hospice nurses at higher risk of BO and implement targeted interventions focused on enhancing nurse’s empathy abilities.

Empathy ability and influencing factors among pediatric residents in China: a mixed-methods study

BackgroundEmpathy is one of the fundamental factors enhancing the therapeutic effects of physician–patient relationships, but there has been no relevant research in China on the pediatric resident physicians’ capacity for empathy or the influencing factors.MethodsA mixed-methods study was undertaken. The student version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy was used to assess 181 postgraduate residents at Shanghai Children’s Medical Center and Shanghai Children’s Hospital. Differences in empathy ability among pediatric resident physicians of different genders and specialties were analyzed using independent sample t-tests and Mann–Whitney U tests. A one-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the differences in empathy ability at different educational levels and years of medical residency training. Seven third-year postgraduate pediatric residents from Shanghai Children’s Medical Center participated in semi-structured interviews exploring the influencing factors. We analyzed the interview transcripts using thematic analysis.ResultsThe scale was completed by 154 pediatric residents. No statistically significant differences in empathy were found between educational level, postgraduate year, gender, or specialty. The factors influencing empathy in doctor–patient communication included the person who accompanied the child to see the doctor, how the children cooperated with doctors for medical treatment, the volume of pediatric outpatient and emergency visits, and the physician’s ability to withstand pressure. All interviewed resident physicians regarded learning empathy as important but rarely spent extra time learning it.ConclusionsThe evaluation results of resident physicians on changes in empathy after improving clinical abilities vary according to their understanding of empathy, and the work environment has an important impact on pediatricians’ empathy ability. Their empathy score is relatively low, and this requires exploration and intervention.

The effect of balint practice on reducing stress, anxiety and depression levels of psychiatric nurses and improving empathy level

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Balint Group in improving stress, negative mood and empathy of psychiatric nurses.MethodIn March 2022-March 2023, 150 psychiatric nurses from four hospitals in Lanzhou were selected for the study, randomly grouped into experimental group and control groups (75 per group), the experimental group participated the Balint Group activities biweekly, the control group only attended mental health knowledge lectures. Job stress, negative emotion and empathy of the two groups before and after the intervention were evaluated and compared by using job stressor Scale, coping style Assessment Scale, self-assessment scale for depression, self-assessment Scale for anxiety and Jefferson Empathy Scale.ResultsAfter intervention, the job stressor scale and coping style evaluation of nurses in the two groups were significantly decreased, and the experimental group was lower than the control group (P < 0.05). The depression and anxiety of nurses in the two groups were significantly improved, and the experimental group was better than the control group (P < 0.05). The differences in the total score and dimensions of Jefferson Empathy scale in the experimental group after intervention were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05).ConclusionBalint group activities can effectively relieve the stress, depression and anxiety of psychiatric nurses, and improve the ability of empathy at work.

Research on the Effect of the Empathy Ability of AI Service Robots on Consumer Well-Being: The Chain Mediating Model

Artificial intelligence (AI) service robots represent a relatively new service paradigm with the potential to raise consumer well-being and service quality. Most previous studies ignored the significance of AI-human exchange relationships in favor of exploring the effects of AI service robots on consumers from the perspective of artificial intelligence technology stimuli. This study investigated how the empathy ability of AI service robots affects consumer well-being in AI-human exchange relationships. It did this by developing a chain mediation model based on mind perception theory and social exchange theory. The results indicate that the empathy ability of AI service robots has a significant impact on consumer well-being. The empathy ability of AI service robots improves consumer well-being through consumer self-congruence and consumer warmth perception. Furthermore, consumer privacy concerns negatively moderate the chain mediation effect. This study provides suggestions on how to improve consumer well-being for marketers and developers of AI service robots.

Medical narrative ability and humanistic care ability of Chinese clinical nurses: The mediating role of empathy ability.

To investigate the relationship between medical narrative ability and humanistic care ability among Chinese clinical nurses, examining the potential mediating role of empathy. In the context of the bio-psychosocial medical model and humanistic nursing care, understanding the core competencies of medical narrative ability, empathyand humanistic care in nursing is crucial. This study explored the mediating role of empathy between medical narrative ability and humanistic care ability. A cross-sectional study. The study employed a descriptive, cross-sectional survey design, involving 741 nurses from Wuxi People's Hospital. It assessed nurses' demographic characteristics, medical narrative ability, empathy, and humanistic care ability using an online questionnaire from December 2022 to February 2023. Pearson correlation analysis evaluated variable correlations, and PROCESS v3.3 model 4 was utilised for mediation analysis. The STROBE statement was chosen as the EQUATOR checklist. A positive correlation was found between nurses' medical narrative ability, humanistic care abilityand empathy. Empathy partially mediated the relationship between medical narrative ability and humanistic care ability. Nurses' medical narrative ability directly and indirectly (via empathy) influences their humanistic care ability. Enhancing nurses' narrative and empathic skills can improve humanistic care, nursing qualityand nurse-patient relationships. Managers should prioritise programmes to improve nurses' storytelling and empathy skills to enhance humanistic care, improving nursing quality and patient relationships. This study involves clinical nurses as participants and does not involve patients. This study collected data from clinical nurses using an online questionnaire platform in China. The questionnaire consisted of four sections, including demographic information and scales such as Narrative Competence Scale, Caring Ability Inventoryand the Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Health Professional. Clear instructions were given to participants on how to complete each scale, and measures were taken to prevent missing or duplicate responses.

Belief in a just world and fair behavior among clinical nurses: a moderated mediation model of empathy and observer justice sensitivity

BackgroundExploration of the relationship between nursing staffs’ justice in belief world and fair behavior is important to promote equity and access to health services in health organizations, as well as to enhance the quality of care. In order to further dissect the influencing factors of fair behavior among clinical nurses, the current study aims to investigate how belief in a just world influences the fair behavior among nurses. Based on the belief in a just world theory, the empathy-altruism theory and the protective-protective model, the current study aimed to provide a deeper understanding of the effect of belief in a just world on fair behavior by investigating the mediating role of empathy and the moderating role of observer justice sensitivity.MethodThis was a cross-sectional study. 571 registered clinical nurses were included from five hospitals in Fuzhou through a convenience sampling method. Measurements included Chinese translations of belief in a just world scale, empathy scale, observer justice sensitivity scale, fair behavior scale. SPSS 22.0 was used to describe descriptive statistics and the variables’ Pearson correlation coefficient. SPSS PROCESS macro Model 4 and model 14 were used to examine the mediation and the moderation between the relationship of belief in a just world and fairness behavior.ResultThe results shower that fairness behavior was positively correlated with one’s belief in a just world (r = 0.26, p < 0.01); (2)empathy mediated the relationship between belief in a just world and fair behavior. The mediation model explains 20.83%; (3) Observer justice sensitivity moderated the relationship between empathy and fair behavior.ConclusionsBelief in a just world, empathy, and observer justice sensitivity were motivations for nurses’ fair behavior. Nursing administrators should focus on cultivating nurses’ belief in a just world, their empathy abilities, and positive qualities of justice sensitivity to enhance fair behavior in a healthcare setting.

간호대학생의 공감교육을 포함한 호스피스 완화간호 교육 프로그램이 공감 능력, 삶의 의미, 호스피스 완화간호에 대한 인식에 미치는 효과

Objectives This study was conducted to determine the effect of a hospice and palliative care education program, including empathy education, on nursing students' empathy ability, meaning of life, and perception of hospice and palliative care in fourth-year nursing students at a university. Methods The research design was a pre-post quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group. The subjects of the study were experimental group 41 and control group 40, in fourth-year nursing students at a Women's College located in I City, the study period was from September 5th to December 6th, 2019. The hospice palliative nursing education program consisted of a total of 26 hours, including the empathy education program developed by Jeong Jin-ok and Kim Su (2019). Data analysis was done using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Chi-square test, t-test, paired t-test using with spss win 21.0. Results The experimental group that participated in the hospice and palliative care education program that included empathy education was found to have statistically significant differences in cognitive empathy(t=2.092, p=.040), emotional empathy(t=2.013, p=.048), meaning of life(t=2..203, p=.031), and perception of hospice and palliative care(t=2.533, p=.013) compared to the control group. Conclusions The research results show that a hospice and palliative care education program including empathy education improves nursing students' empathy ability, meaning of life, and perception of hospice and palliative care, so it will be helpful in developing and applying various educational methods and programs.

보건계열 대학생의 셀프리더십과 공감능력이전공만족도에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study is to identify the degree of self-leadership, empathyability, and major satisfaction of college students, and to identify the relationship andinfluencing factors between variables. The subjects of this study were 368 college students inthe metropolitan area, and for data analysis, frequency analysis and descriptive statisticsanalysis were conducted with the IBM SPSS 25.0 program, and multiple regression analysiswas conducted. As a result of this study, self-leadership, empathy ability, and majorsatisfaction differed according to gender, age, and grade, and self-leadership, empathy ability, and major satisfaction had a positive correlation. In addition, as a result of examining theinfluence of college students' self-leadership and empathy ability on major satisfaction byconducting multiple regression analysis, it was found that empathy and self-leadership had asignificant effect on major satisfaction. Through the results of this study, in order to increasethe satisfaction of college students in their major, it is necessary to develop and applyprograms that can improve self-leadership and empathy.

어머니-유아 문해상호작용과 유아의 비판적 사고 간의 관계에서 유아 읽기흥미와 공감능력의 순차 매개효과

This study examines the relationship of mother-child literacy interaction and children’s critical thinking through the sequentially mediating effect of children’s reading interest and empathy ability. Using the questionnaire survey method, 158 5-year-old children and 150 teachers working at kindergarten in Daejeon Province participated for the study. The children’s reading interest and empathy ability sequentially mediated the relationship between mother-child literacy interaction and children’s critical thinking. Specifically, it was found that the mother-child literacy interaction indirectly affects children’s critical thinking through the sequentially mediating effect of children’s reading interest and empathy ability. The results of this study provide the basic data to explore ways to improve the children’s critical thinking.

A study of latent profile analysis of empathic competence and factors influencing it in nursing interns: a multicenter cross-sectional study.

Empathy, as one of the fundamental principles of nursing professionalism, plays a pivotal role in the formation and advancement of the nursing team. Nursing interns, as a reserve force within the nursing team, are of significant importance in terms of their ability to empathize. This quality is not only directly related to the degree of harmony in the nurse-patient relationship and the enhancement of patient satisfaction, but also plays a pivotal role in the promotion of the quality of nursing services to a new level. The objective of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the current state of nursing interns' empathic abilities. To this end, we sought to examine empathic performance under different profile models and to identify the key factors influencing these profile models. The study utilized 444 nursing interns from 11 tertiary general hospitals in Inner Mongolia as research subjects. The study employed a number of research tools, including demographic characteristics, the Jefferson Scale of Empathy, and the Professional Quality of Life Scale. A latent profile model of nursing interns' empathy ability was analyzed using Mplus 8.3. The test of variability of intergroup variables was performed using the chi-square test. Finally, the influencing factors of each profile model were analyzed by unordered multi-categorical logistic regression analysis. The overall level of empathy among nursing interns was found to be low, with 45% belonging to the humanistic care group, 43% exhibiting low empathy, and 12% demonstrating high empathy. The internship duration, empathy satisfaction, secondary traumatic stress, only child, place of birth, and satisfaction with nursing were identified as factors influencing the latent profiles of empathy in nursing interns (p < 0.05). There is considerable heterogeneity in nursing interns' ability to empathize. Consequently, nursing educators and administrators should direct greater attention to interns with lower empathy and develop targeted intervention strategies based on the influences of the different underlying profiles.

The Relationship Between Attitudes Toward Authority and Innovative Behavior in Adolescents: The Mediating Roles of Social Support and Perspective Taking

ABSTRACTParents and teachers are significant authority figures that substantially impact adolescents' psychological and cognitive development, including their creativity. The current study investigated the relationship between adolescents' attitudes toward authority (parents and teachers) and innovative behavior and examined the mediating effects of social support and perspective taking. According to attachment theory, adolescents' attitudes toward authority may derive from early interaction with primary caregivers, primarily parents. Individuals internalize these interaction experiences and form internal working models, which will be applied in later life stages when interacting with authority figures. These early life experiences also influence individuals' sense of support and empathy abilities. Through analyzing a sample comprising 1,498 adolescents from Taiwan, this study unveils a significant association between adolescents' perceptions of authority and their proclivity for innovative conduct, as well as their levels of social support and capacity for perspective taking. Employing structural equation modeling (SEM), the empirical findings accentuate the mediating role of social support and perspective taking in delineating the nexus between adolescents' attitude toward authority and their manifestation of innovative behavior. The results revealed that adolescents with positive attitudes toward authority are likely to sense support, stand from other viewpoints, and further benefit creativity.

Relationship Between Empathy and Depression in Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Family Functioning

To investigate the effect of empathy on depressive symptoms in adolescents and to explore the potential mediating role of family functioning in the effect of empathy on depressive symptoms. The 2022 cross-sectional data from the Chengdu Positive Child Development (CPCD) cohort were analyzed in the study. A survey was conducted in Chengdu in June 2022, involving 3020 students in grades 5-8 from three randomly selected stratified schools. The Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI-C), the Chinese Family Assessment Instrument (C-FAI), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC) were used in the survey. Chi-square test or one-way analysis of variance was performed to examine the differences in various demographic characteristics (sex, grade, region, and total monthly household income) between groups of respondents, as well as the differences in family functioning, empathy, and depression. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to examine the correlation between family functioning, empathy, and depressive symptoms. Structural equation modeling and SPSS PROCESS component Model 4 were used to analyze whether family functioning played a mediating role in the effect of empathy on depressive symptoms in adolescents. The detection rate of depressive symptoms among survey respondents was 25.40%. The results of the difference analysis revealed significant differences in the detection rates of depressive symptoms among respondents of different grades, regions, and monthly household incomes (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the detection rates of depressive symptoms between male and female students. There was a significant difference in the detection rate of depressive symptoms between respondents with different scores for family dysfunction and empathy ability (P<0.001). Correlation analysis results showed that empathy scores were negatively correlated with depression (r=-0.11, P<0.001), that family dysfunction was positively correlated with depression (r=0.29, P<0.001), and that empathy scores were negatively correlated with family functioning (r=-0.37, P<0.001). The mediating role of family dysfunction in the relationship between empathy and depressive symptoms was established, with the direct effect being 0.039 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.010-0.069, P<0.001) and the indirect effect value being -0.096 (95% CI: -0.115--0.079, P<0.001). The direct effect value accounted for 28.89% of the total effect value, while the mediation effect value accounted for 71.11% of the total effect value. The empathy ability of adolescents is correlated to depressive symptoms, and family functioning plays a mediating role between empathy and depressive symptoms in adolescents. It is suggested that adolescents' empathy ability and family functioning should be enhanced through multiple channels to reduce the occurrence of depressive symptoms.

유아기 자녀를 둔 부모공감능력의 의미와 구성요인에 관한 델파이 연구

Objectives This study aims to clarify the meaning of parental empathy ability using the Delphi technique and to derive constituent and sub-factors. Methods To this end, the concept of parental empathy ability was defined through preceding research and liter-ature review, and the structuring factors of the ability were derived. An expert Delphi survey was conducted using the derived data to confirm the exploratory study of deriving the components of parental empathy ability. The data analysis method of the first Delphi survey questionnaire was conducted in order to define the concept of parental empathy and derive the structuring factors. A structured questionnaire, free-choice and open-ended questions were conducted with 13 experts in order to confirm the content validity. Using SPSS 25.0, the average value, standard deviation, skewness, agreement, convergence, and CVR ranges of each variable were calculated, and questions that did not meet each criterion were modified and deleted. Since the number of panels participating in the Delphi survey in this study is 13, if the CVR value is .554 or higher, it can be judged that the content validity is valid. The contents, were revised and supplemented with the experts, used to construct the second Delphi survey. It was used to construct the second questionnaire by reflecting the opinions of experts and revising and supplementing the contents. The second survey tool were gathered from the responses of the first survey. In or-der to clarify the opinions of each panel, structured questions with a 5-point rating scale were presented. Results First, the area of the scale consisted of three areas: ‘emotional empathy ability’, ‘cognitive empathy abil-ity’, and ‘behavioral empathy ability’, ‘emotional empathy ability’ consisted of perspective acceptance, cognitive empathy, and perspective acceptance, ‘cognitive empathy ability’ consisted of emotional response, emotional al-location, and emotional perception, and ‘behavioral empathy ability’ consisted of pseudo-movement, expression consistency, listening, and relationship formation. Conclusions The study is significant in that it derives categories and sub-factors of parental empathy ability that have recently come into focus. Furthermore, the study is significant in that it can be used as basic data for deriving the question composition through focus group interviews in the future.

Peer assumption: an illusory consensus hidden in the criminal responsibility of juvenile offender-evidence from psychology.

There is a consensus hidden in the criminal legislation of many countries that the criminal responsibility capacity of juvenile offenders is not significantly different from that of their peers. The purpose of this paper was to test this hypothesis. The research objects of this paper were 187 juvenile offenders in J Province, China, who are under detention measures, and 2,449 students from junior high school, senior high school and university in S Province as comparison objects. We subjected the gathered materials to independent-samples t-tests and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). (1) The self-control ability (109.30, 123.59) and empathy ability (63.86, 72.45) of juvenile offenders were significantly different from those of ordinary minors, but the difference of dialectical thinking ability was not statistically significant; (2) Except for the influence of mother's education level and family income on dialectical thinking ability, the other variables had no statistical significance on the three kinds of ability. Therefore, it was suggested that the correction plan and means for juvenile offenders should focus on the improvement of self-control ability and empathy ability.

Kritik Birimlerde Çalışan Hemşirelerde Merhamet Yorgunluğu, Empati Eğilimi ve Mesleki Doyum Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Objective: The stress levels of nurses working in critical units are very high because they have to manage crisis situations and encounter many deaths. Stress and fatigue experienced by nurses; while it leads to insensitivity to the needs of others and a decrease in empathy ability, over time it results in compassion fatigue and a decrease in job satisfaction. In this single-center descriptive survey study, it was aimed to investigate the levels of compassion fatigue, empathy tendency and job satisfaction in nurses working in critical units, and to examine the relationship between them. Methods: A survey study was planned with the participation of nurses working in critical units such as operating rooms, intensive care units and emergency rooms. “Introductory Information Form”, “Compassion Satisfaction Scale”, “Empathic Tendency Scale” and “Job Satisfaction Scale” were used as data collection tools. Results: As a result of this research in which 155 nurses participated; it was determined that there was a statistically significant relationship between the compassion fatigue scale, empathic tendency scale and job satisfaction scale (p&lt;0.05). A negative relationship was determined between the “Compassion Satisfaction Scale” and the “Empathic Tendency Scale” (r= - 0.323; p&lt;0.05), and the “Compassion Satisfaction” and “Job Satisfaction Scale” (r= -0.414 p&lt;0.05). A significant positive relationship was found between the “Empathetic Tendency Scale” and the “Job Satisfaction Scale” (r= 0.446 p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Compassion fatigue caused by physiological and psychological wear and tear, which is common in nurses working in critical units, results in a decrease in empathy and job satisfaction over time. Stress and the feeling of professional burnout can be reduced by methods such as restricting and regulating working hours in relevant critical departments and improving physical and social conditions. Keywords: Nursing, critical units, compassion fatigue, job satisfaction, empathy tendency

The impact of work environment on caring behavior among Chinese hospice nurses: the chain mediating effect of psychological capital and empathy.

The caring behavior of hospice nurses toward patients positively impacts their professional careers and significantly improves the quality of hospice services. A positive and supportive work environment may protect nurses against negative emotions that may affect the humanistic care they provide, and their job satisfaction. This study aimed to explore the impact of the nursing work environment on caring behavior. We also investigated the chain mediating effect of psychological capital and empathy on this relationship among Chinese hospice nurses. The Practice Environment Scale (PES), the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ), the Empathy Ability Scale for Hospice Nurses, and the Caring Behaviors Inventory (CBI) were used to survey 393 Chinese hospice nurses. SPSS 27.0 and Mplus 8.0 were used for statistical processing to analyze the mediating effects. The nursing work environment positively predicted caring behavior. Furthermore, it was found that psychological capital and empathy jointly mediate the relationship between the nursing work environment and caring behavior. This study reveals how the nursing work environment affects the caring behavior of hospice nurses. Hospital managers need to provide hospice nurses with a favorable working environment from the perspective of positive psychology, continuously monitor their psychological state, improve their caring behavior, and provide references for developing intervention plans to promote the caring behavior of hospice nurses in the future.

Exploring the Impact of CHATBOT AI on Empathic Responses and Emotional Intelligence: A Mixed-Methods Study

Abstract: This study investigates the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) CHATBOTS on users' empathic abilities and emotional intelligence (EI). The study includes a comparative analysis of people who use and don't use AI CHATBOTS for emotional support. The objectives included assessing how the effect of AI CHATBOTS on empathy affects users' empathic responses, investigating changes in emotional intelligence associated with the use of AI CHATBOTS, and identifying factors contributing to the effectiveness of AI CHATBOTS in improving empathy ability. The method involved a comparative study of 140 participants between the ages of 18 and 25, divided into users and non-users of an AI CHATBOT aimed at providing emotional support. Data collection included self-report surveys measuring CHATBOT usage, Interpersonal Reactivity index (IRI), and emotional intelligence (EI). Statistical analysis reveals significant differences in scores for perspective taking, fantasy, and personal distress between users and non-users of AI CHATBOTS, suggesting that technology-mediated empathy may be associated with specific aspects of empathic responses. Qualitative analysis of participants' responses reveals different experiences and perceptions related to the use of AI CHATBOTS, such as emotional and academic support and platform choice (e.g., CHATGPT, SNAPCHAT). The findings provide valuable insight into the complex relationship between technology-mediated empathy and human emotional responses. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of considering the role of technology in shaping human interactions and emotional experiences. This result suggests that exposure to AI CHATBOTS may influence empathic responses and aspects of emotional intelligence. However, further research is recommended to explore the underlying mechanisms and ethical considerations related to AI-mediated empathy.

영아기 자녀 어머니의 공감능력이 어머니-교사 협력에 미치는 영향

Objectives The purpose of this study is to find out how the empathy ability of mothers of children in infancy affects mother-teacher cooperation and to verify the mediating effect of parenting competency that affects the causal relationship between these two variables.&#x0D; Methods An electronic survey was conducted on 284 mothers of infant children attending daycare centers in the Gyeonggi-do area. The collected data were subjected to reliability analysis, frequency analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis to verify mediation effects using the SPSS 29.0 program, and Sobel-test was performed to verify significance.&#x0D; Results First, the relationships between mothers' empathy and parenting capabilities and mother-teacher cooperation in infancy showed a positive correlation. Second, a partial mediating effect of parenting competency was found in the effect of the mother's empathy ability on mother-teacher cooperation during infancy.&#x0D; Conclusions This study consistently shows that mother-teacher cooperation plays an important role in the development of infants, but research on the characteristics of parents necessary to promote this is relatively insufficient. In this situation, the empathic ability of mothers of children in infancy is influenced by teachers. The significance of the study is that it was proven to be a parental variable that has a significant direct and indirect effect on cooperation with parents. Based on this study, it is expected that parent education programs will be activated to improve parents' empathy and strengthen their parenting capabilities.&#x0D;