Empathic Tendency Scale Research Articles

Effects of a Creative Drama Assisted Psychology Course on Students' Social Anxiety, Level of Empathic Tendency, Communication and Assertiveness Skills.

Some areas of education place students at the centre of learning; for example, creative drama is one of these active learning methods. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a creative drama-supported psychology course on the levels of self-concept, social anxiety, empathic tendency, and communication/assertiveness skills of 2 nd year ACU Faculty of Health Sciences Nursing Department students. For this study, a quasi-experimental research model with a control group, pre-test, and post-test design was utilized. The teaching methods suggested by the current psychology curriculum were utilized with both the control and experimental groups, and for the experimental group the identical curriculum was also supported through the creative drama method. The study was conducted on sophomore students enrolled in sections A and B of the psychology course offered in the nursing department of Artvin Coruh University. Also, the group which was enrolled to take the drama-supported psychology course was selected randomly. It was determined that students in the experimental and control groups were similar in terms of their age, gender, family type, place of residence, level of social anxiety, empathic tendency skills, communication skills, and level of assertiveness. At the outset of the study, the number of students constituting the research group totalled 63, with 28 in the experimental group considered Class A, and 35 as a control group considered Class B; however, due to attrition from students quitting the university, transferring universities, and not completing the necessary data collection tools the number of participates decreased to a total of 47 with 19 in the experimental group and 28 students in the control group. The lessons planned for the research study were two hours a week over a period of ten weeks. The study data were collected via a Personal Information Form, Social Anxiety Scale, Empathic Tendency Scale, Communication Skills Evaluation Scale and “Rathus Assertiveness Inventory”. Data from the study were then analysed utilizing SPSS 17.0 through number, average, percentage, Chi-square Compliance Test, Mann-Whitney U test and a Willcoxon Signed Ranks Test. In addition, expert opinion was obtained regarding the validity and reliability of the study, as well as, the Cronbach Alpha was calculated. Furthermore, before beginning the study, an ethics committee approval from the university, written permission of the institution where the study was conducted, and informed consent of the participants were obtained. According to the findings from this study, it was determined that the creative drama-supported psychology course brought about positive increases in the levels of students’ self-concept. It was also observed that the social anxiety scores of students in the experimental group who attended creative drama decreased. Also, the scores relating to empathic tendency, communication and assertiveness skill increased for students from the experimental group. Importantly, there was no statistically significant change in the variables in the control group. Finally, the results of this study are considered to contribute knowledge and understanding to the field of creative drama and psychology in terms use of active learning and teaching methods. Article visualizations:

Empathic Tendencies and Empathic Skill Levels of Nursing Students: A Descriptive and Cross-sectional Study

Objective: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted to determine empathic tendencies and empathic skill levels of nursing students.Methods: The population of this study consisted of 580 nursing students. Interviews were conducted with 412 students. The data were collected using a Personal Information Form, the Empathic Tendency Scale and the Empathic Skill Scale (ESS). Evaluation of the data was performed with calculation, t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results: Among the students, 64.8% (n=267) were within the 20-22 age group, 87.6% (n=361) were female, and 27.2% (n=112) were enrolled in the fourth year. The mean of the Empathic Tendency Scale was 68.84±8.42, and the mean score on the ESS was 139.67±20.11. Empathic Tendency Scale and Empathic Skill Scale scores were statistically significant according to gender, age and class year (p<0.05). The mean scores of the female students on the Empathic Tendency Scale and Empathic Skill Scale were the highest for those in the 23-25 age groups and in the fourth year.Conclusions: The result concluded that mean scores on the Empathic Tendency Scale and Empathic Skill Scale of nursing students were at a medium level. It is important to support students during their professional education.

Palyatif Bakım Hemşirelerinin Empatik Eğilim Düzeyleri ve İletişim Becerilerini Etkileyen Faktörler

Aim: This study was planned as a descriptive study to determine the factors affecting the empathic tendency levels and communication skills of palliative care nurses. Method: The study was conducted in two hospitals affiliated with Samsun Province Public Hospitals General Directorate between the dates of 01/12/2017-30/12/2017. The sample consisted of 60 nurses, including 30 nurses responsible for the care of palliative care patients, 30 nurses working in internal and surgical units. The data was collected using a questionnaire consisting of 23 questions introducing the socio-demographic and professional characteristics of the nurses and Empathic Tendency Scale and Communication Skills Assessment Scale. In the evaluation of the data, percentage calculation, Kruskal Wallis, Spearman correlation test, Mann Whitney U test were used. Findings: The total score of the Empathic Tendency Scale of the nurses was 72.21 ± 7.22 and the mean of the Communication Assessment Scale was 80.23 ± 7.82. The mean Empathic Tendency Scale score of the nurses in the palliative care units was 71.46 ± 7.53, and their mean Communication Skills Assessment Scale score was 80.03 ± 8.42. The mean Empathic Tendency Scale score of the nurses in internal and surgical units was 72.96±9.94, and their mean Communication Skills Assessment Scale score was 80.43±11.30. A weak positive correlation was found between the Empathic Tendency Scale scores of the nurses and the Communication Skills Assessment Scale scores (r=0.298 p<0,05). Conclusion: No statistically significant difference was found between the Empathic Tendency Scale and Communication Skills Assessment Scale scores of the nurses working in palliative care nurses and internal and surgical units (p>0.05).

Validity and reliability of the Turkish Version of the Cognitive, Affective, and Somatic Empathy Scales for Children

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the validity and reliability properties of the Cognitive, Affective, and Somatic Empathy Scales (CASES) for Children to help evaluate children’s empathy skills. Methods: The samples of this study comprised 341 students aged 11-12 years old in the 5th and 6th grades of secondary schools in Ankara. Apart from CASES, An Index of Empathy for Children and Adolescents and KA-SI Empathic Tendency Scale for Child and Adolescent were used for criterion related validity. The psychometric properties of scale were investigated by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), criterion related validity, split-half reliability and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha). Results: In the reliability study, the Cronbach’s alpha for the total scale was 0.84. In addition, the correlation between the two forms obtained because of the split-half reliability method was calculated to be 0.74. As a result of the item analysis, it was observed that all of the item total correlations were greater than 0.20 and as the comparison of upper 27% and lower %27 groups, the differences between the item mean scores were found to be significant. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that both the three-factor model and six-factor model had a good fit. Finally, it has been found that CASES has significant positive correlations with the total scores of An Index of Empathy for Children and Adolescents and KA-SI Empathic Tendency Scale for Child and Adolescent. Conclusion: In the light of the findings, the results of the validity and reliability testing of the Turkish version of the CASES were found to be similar to the findings of the original scale. These results show that the Turkish version may be used as a valid and reliable tool in determining empathy among children and adolescent.

An evaluation of empathic tendencies of dietitians working in Ankara.

This study was carried out to determine the level of empathic tendencies of dietitians working in Ankara, Turkey. The study was conducted between February and June 2016 on 175 dietitians aged between 20 and 60 who worked in Ankara, Turkey and volunteered to participate in the study. The Empathic Tendency Scale (ETS) and the Empathic Skill Scale (ESS) were used as data collection tools in the study. The median of ETS scores of male dietitians was found to be lower than that of female dietitians (P < 0.05). The differences between the median values of ETS and ESS were determined to be statistically significant in terms of the age groups and the 20-24 age range was found to be the age group with the lowest ETS and ESS (P < 0.05). In this study, it was found that the ETS and ESS median scores of married dietitians were higher, those of the dietitians with no children were lower, and that the ETS median score of the dietitians who had higher level of education was higher (P < 0.05). A positive relationship was found between the working environment satisfaction of the dietitians and empathic behaviours variable (r = 0.133, P = 0.008). The empathic skill of the healthcare staff is an important part of the relationship that they establish with patients. When this is assessed from a nutritional point of view, dietitians need to be able to use communication skills effectively, especially empathy, in order to increase the effectiveness of nutrition education they provide.

INVESTIGATION OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ AGGRESSION LEVELS IN TERMS OF EMPATHIC TENDENCY, SELF-COMPASSION AND EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION

The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between aggression, empathic tendency, expression of emotions and self-compassion, and to find out whether empathic tendency, expression of emotions and self-compassion significantly predict aggression. The sample of study consists of 526 female and 290 male in total 816 students who are studying different faculties in Selcuk University and students are chosen with random sample method. In the study for the personal information of students ‘Personal Information Form’, to determine their aggression scores ‘Aggression Scale’, to specify empathic tendency ‘Empathic Tendency Scale’, to determine their self-compassion ‘Self-compassion Scale’ and also to determine their expression of emotions scores “Expression of emotions Scale have been used. Correlation and multiple hierarchical regression analysis were used to analyze data. For statistical analysis of data SPSS 15.00 program was used. According to results of study, university students’ empathic tendency, expression of emotions and self-compassions explain their aggressive behavior significantly. There is a negative and significant correlation between aggression and empathic tendency, expression of emotions and self-compassion. In regression analysis, empathic tendency, expression of emotions and self-compassion are significant predictors of aggression. Article visualizations:

The effects of the psychodrama in instilling empathy and self-awareness: A pilot study.

This pilot study investigated the effects of psychodrama on the counseling skills (mainly empathy) and on increasing the self-awareness of 23 counseling undergraduate students. Participants attended 12 psychodrama sessions over 3 months. Data were gathered by using the Empathic Tendency Scale and a personal information form. The study used the mixed method research design, which combines qualitative and quantitative methods. The quantitative aspect of the study involved the use of pretest-posttest experimental and control group design with random assignment, while the qualitative aspect utilized the methods of case study, observation, and interview. The quantitative and qualitative results showed that psychodrama increased students' empathy, counseling skills, and self-awareness.

Empathic Tendencies of Pre-Service Physical Education and Sports Teachers

&lt;p style="text-align:justify"&gt;The aim of this study is to investigate the empathic tendency levels of physical education teacher candidates according to some variables. Study group consists of 117 pre service physical education and sports students (74 women and 43 men) of Kafkas University in the fall semester of 2015/2016 academic year. “Personal Information Form” and the "Empathic Tendency Scale" which developed by Dokmen was used to collect data. In the evaluation of data, firstly, normality hypothesis and Shapiro Wilk and Levene tests for homogeneity of variances have been used. In paired comparisons, independent samples t-test and in comparison of more than one group, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey multiple comparison test have been used. SPSS 21 statistical package program was used and the results were considered significant at p &lt;0.05 level. As a result of the study, it can be said that gender, age, class, place of education, parent education level and family monthly income variables did not affect the empathic tendency levels of the physical education teacher candidates.&lt;/p&gt;

Ergenlerin Akran Zorbalığı Yapmaları, Zorbalığa Maruz Kalmaları ve Empatik Eğilimleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi / Examination of the Correlation between Peer Bullying, Exposed to Bullying, and Emphatic Tendencies of Adolescent

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Abstract&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The purpose of this study is to examine the correlation between peer victimization, being exposed to victimization, and emphatic tendencies in adolescent and to determine whether or not gender of the adolescent had an effect on peer victimization, being exposed to victimization, and emphatic tendency. The study was conducted via survey method. The sample group of the study consisted of 185 student studying at the seventh and eighth grades of a secondary school, which was affiliated with Sivas Directorate of National Education and randomly determined, during spring term of the school year of 2015-2016. The data were collected by using “Peer Bullying Scale- Adolescent Form” developed by Pişkin and Ayas (2007) in order to determine the students bullying (bully), and being exposed to bullying (victim), and the “Child and Adolescent KA-SI Empathic Tendency Scale” developed by Kaya and Siyez (2009) to determine emphatic tendencies of students. The data were analyzed by using Pearson’s Correlation test for determining the correlation between peer victimization, being exposed to victimization and empathic tendencies in adolescent and t test for determining the effect of gender on peer victimization, being exposed to victimization and empathic tendencies. As a result of these analyses, it was observed that there was no correlation between peer victimization and empathic tendency (p&amp;gt;0.05) and there was a negative correlation between the peer victimization and empathic tendency (p&amp;lt;0.01). It was also revealed that gender of the adolescent had no effect on peer victimization and being exposed to victimization (p&amp;gt;0.05), however, it was found that this led to a difference on empathic tendency in favor of girls (p&amp;lt;0.01). As a result of the study and in accordance with the results, suggestions were offered to the researchers, and members of profession working with children.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h1&gt;Öz&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bu çalışmanın amacı; ergenlerin akran zorbalığını yapmaları, zorbalığa maruz kalmaları ve empatik eğilimleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi ile akran zorbalığını yapma, zorbalığa maruz kalma ve empatik eğilim üzerinde ergenlerin cinsiyetinin etki edip etmediğinin belirlenmesidir. Araştırma tarama modelindedir. Araştırmada çalışma grubu 2015-2016 eğitim öğretim yılı bahar döneminde, Sivas Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü’ne bağlı tesadüfi olarak belirlenen bir ortaokulun yedinci ve sekizinci sınıfa devam eden 185 öğrenciden oluşmuştur. Veriler; zorbalık yapan (zorba) ve zorbalığa uğrayan (kurban) öğrencileri belirlemek için Pişkin ve Ayas’ın 2007’de geliştirdiği “Akran Zorbalığı Belirleme Ölçeği Ergen Formu” ve öğrencilerin empatik eğilimlerini belirlemek için Kaya ve Siyez’in (2009) geliştirdiği “KA-Sİ Çocuk ve Ergenler İçin Empatik Eğilim Ölçeği” kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde; ergenlerin akran zorbalığını yapmaları, zorbalığa maruz kalmaları ve empatik eğilimleri arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi için Pearson Korelasyon testi, cinsiyetin akran zorbalığı, zorbalığa maruz kalma ve empatik eğilim üzerindeki etkisini belirlemek için t testi kullanılmıştır. Yapılan bu analizler sonucunda; zorbalığa maruz kalmayla empatik eğilim arasında herhangi bir ilişkinin olmadığı (p&amp;gt;0,05), akran zorbalığı yapmayla empatik eğilim arasında negatif yönde bir ilişkinin olduğu (p&amp;lt;0,01) görülmüştür. Ergenlerin cinsiyetlerinin akran zorbalığını yapma ve zorbalığa maruz kalma üzerinde herhangi bir etkisinin olmadığı (p&amp;gt;0,05), ancak empatik eğilim üzerinde kızlar lehine bir farklılığa neden olduğu (p&amp;lt;0,01) belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda, elde edilen bulgular ışığında araştırmacı ve çocuklarla çalışan meslek elemanlarına önerilerde bulunulmuştur.&lt;/p&gt;

An Examination of Empathic Tendency, Self-regulation and Self-efficacy as Predictors of Conflict Resolution Skills in Adolescents

The aim of this study is to examine empathic tendency, self-regulation abilities and self-efficacy perceptions in adolescents as predictors of conflict resolution skills. The sample of this study consists of 391 students from 9th and 10th classes of a high school in Kahramanmaras province. In the study, the Conflict Resolution Scale, KA-SI Empathic Tendency Scale, General Self-efficacy Scale, and Self-regulation Scale were used as data collection tools. Multiple regression analysis was used for the analysis of the data. According to results of the study, it was found that empathic tendency levels, self-regulation skills and self-efficacy perceptions of adolescents predicted their conflict resolution skills significantly. When the relative importance order of the predictor variables on the conflict resolution skills is examined, it is seen that the empathy variable is the most efficient predicting variable followed by self-regulation and self-efficacy. Besides, it was concluded that empathy was in the mediator in the relationship between conflict resolution skills and self-efficacy.

Effects of Regenerated Sportive Activities on the Empathic Tendency of Women

The purpose of this study is to determine the levels of empathy for regularly exercising women and to determine whether empathy levels differ according to some variables.The study is planned as a single group pretest-posttest. 178 sedentary and healthy adult women participated in the study as a volunteer. Aerobic-Dance Exercise program was applied to the participants 60 minutes a day, 3 days per week for 8 weeks; then, The Empathic Tendency Scale (EQS) were filled at the beginning and at the end of the exercise program. The validity and reliability study of the scale was conducted by Dokmen (1988).Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 16.00 software was used in the analysis of the data obtained from the research. One way ANOVA was used to determine the differences between the groups when the data showed normal distribution and after the homogeneity of the variances was tested, the Tukey test was used for differences between the groups and the error level was taken as 0.05.When the findings are examined; the mean score of " Empathic Tendency " according to the marital status, the study status and the number of children of the participants was statistically significant in the pretest-posttest after the exercise program (p&lt;0.005). But, there was no statistically significant difference between the group's comparisons in terms of the “Empathic Tendency "(p&gt;0.05). As a result, it was seen that exercise had a positive effect on the "Empathic Tendency” levels of the women participating in the study.

Improving Empathy in Nursing Students: A Comparative Longitudinal Study of Two Curricula.

This study aimed to examine changes of empathy levels of nursing student in two different curricula structures, one called "traditional" and the other called "integrated" curricula. The study was a longitudinal design to follow a cohort of nursing students to examine the magnitude of changes in empathy in their education years. The study was conducted in a public school of nursing giving a baccalaureate degree, which had a fundamental change in their curricula. In all, 81 students from the traditional curricula and 66 students from the integrated curricula completed the study, and data from a total of 147 students were analyzed between 2003 and 2008. The Empathic Communication Skills Scale and the Empathic Tendency Scale were given to the students in the beginning of their freshman year and at the end of the fourth year just before graduation. Although both of the curricula were seemed effective at improving empathic skills of students, especially the scores of students who completed the integrated curricula were higher than the scores of the other group attending the traditional curricula (p<.05). However, the empathic tendency scores of students in both curricula decreased at the end of fourth year. Although undergraduate nursing curricula either traditional or integrated improved empathic skills, it seemed that integrated curricula were more effective than traditional curricula in increasing empathic skills. The more hours and more experiential methods contributed to improved empathy. The decrease in empathic tendency requires further attention of educators and nurse managers.

EFFICACY OF COMMUNICATION SKILLS TRAINING PROGRAM ON KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND EMPATHIC TENDENCY OF TECHNICAL INSTITUTE OF NURSING STUDENTS AT MENOUFIA UNIVERSITY

Communication skills are the basis of interactive relationships among nurse, health team and their patient. That affords opportunities to establish trust, rapport, understand the client experience, formulate client intervention and optimize health care resources. Aim of the study: The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of communication skills training on knowledge, attitude and empathic tendency of nursing students. Design: A quasi-experimental pre-test, post and follow up test design were utilized to conduct this study. Setting: The study was conducted in the technical institute of nursing at Menoufia University. Sample: A purposive sample of 103 nursing students who fulfilled the study inclusion criteria. Tools: Three tools were used in the present study; the first tool was a structured interview questionnaire consisted of two parts, the second tool was the communication skills self- assessment exercise and the third tool was empathic tendency scale. The researcher designed the communication skills training program according to the student's needs, and implemented it in eight sessions. The study was carried out from September 2016 to March 2017. Results: The results of this study a positive statistical significant correlation of student's knowledge, attitude, and empathic tendency. Also, a highly statistical significant improvements in students' knowledge, attitude and empathic tendency post intervention. Conclusion: The training program led to statistically significant improvement in communication knowledge, attitude and empathic tendency of nursing students toward communication skills. Recommendations: Develop communication skills training program into a wider scale in the study setting and in similar settings to confirm its positive effect and to reach generalizable findings

ÇOCUK GELİŞİMİ ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN İLETİŞİM BECERİLERİ VE EMPATİK EĞİLİM DÜZEYLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: BİLECİK ŞEYH EDEBALİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ ÖRNEĞİ

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between communication skills and empathy tendency levels of child developments students of Bilecik Seyh Edebali University who are studying in 1st,2nd,3th grade of undergraduate program and 1st, 2nd grade of the associate degree program. In this research, general survey model has been used. To determine the attitudes of participants, “Personal Information Form” developed by researchers, “Communication Skills Evaluation Scale” developed by Korkut (1996), “Empathic Tendency Scale” developed by Dokmen (1989) have been used. 225 students were volunteered to participate in this study. The medium-level significant meaning was determined between average score of communication skill and the empathic tendency of students. Besides, while these variables were not significant in terms of gender, age and education level, it was determined that the variable of family attitudes showed a significant difference between students communication skills and empathic tendencies.

The relationship between empathic tendencies and nomophobia of prospective teachers

Mobile phone ownership and use is prolific in many countries like Turkey, with the numbers of people owning and using mobile phones rising rapidly in recent years. Nomophobia is the fear of being out of mobile phone contact. The term, an abbreviation for "nomobile-phone phobia", was coined during a study by the UK Post Office who commissioned YouGov, a UK-based research organisation to look at anxieties suffered by mobile phone users. The study found that nearly 53 percent of mobile phone users in Britain tend to be anxious when they “lose their mobile phone, run out of battery or credit, or have no network coverage.”Empathy is a potential psychological motivator for helping others in distress. Empathy can be defined as the ability to feel or imagine another person’s emotional experience. The ability to empathize is an important part of social and emotional development, affecting an individual’s behavior toward others and the quality of social relationships. The concept of empathic tendency is ability demonstrate the potential emotional empathy of the individual. The Empathic Tendency Scale developed by Dökmen (1988) was used in the determination of empathic tendencies level of the participants. The aim of this study, examine the relationship between teachers’ empathic tendency and nomophobia. In the study, data will collect from 389 prospective teachers. Research applications and data analysis is underway. Keywords: Nomophobia, empathy, empathic tendency, prospective teachers.

The Role of Anger, Life Satisfaction, and Coping with Stress in Predicting Empathic Tendencies of School Administrators

The current study aims to examine the extent to which anger expression styles, life satisfaction, and levels of coping with stress in school administrators predict their levels of empathic tendency. Also, it aims to examine school administrators’ views on empathy, anger, life satisfaction, and social support. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were used to collect data. This type of research design is called mixed or triangulation method. Research participants included school administrators employed in the city of Adiyaman. Quantitative data group participants were totally 252 ( age = 42.30, Ss = 6.23, range = 30-59) school administrators including 241 males (95.6%) and 11 females (4.4%). 241 (95.6%) participants were married and 11 (4.4%) were single. It was found that 67.5% (170) of the participants had BA degrees; 25% (63) had MA degrees; 7.1% (18) had associate degrees; and one participant (0.4%) had a PhD. Within the qualitative data collection in the current research, totally 10 ( age = 43.70, Ss = 5.1, range = 36-51) school administrators including 8 males and 2 females were interviewed through semi-structured interview form. All participants in this group were married. 4 participants had BA and 6 had MA degrees. The data was collected through the “Empathic Tendency Scale”, “The State-Trait Anger Scale”, “Satisfaction with Life Scale”, “Ways of Coping Inventory”, and “Semi-structured Interview Form”. Descriptive statistics, Pearson Moment Product Correlation, and Hierarchical Linear Multi Regression Analyses were used to analyze the qualitative data in the current research. Data analysis was conducted through IBM SPSS 15.0 software package. Descriptive statistics, Pearson Moment Product Correlation, and Hierarchical Linear Multi Regression Analyses were used to analyze the qualitative data in the current research. Data analysis was conducted through IBM SPSS 15.0 software package. Four different regression models were obtained through hierarchical multiple regression analysis results based on Empathic Tendency Scale scores within the quantitative research data. According to this, a review of R 2 values indicated that Empathic tendency, Anger-in sub-dimension of The State-Trait Anger Scale (STAS) explained within the 13%; this increased up to 21% with the addition of Satisfaction with Life Scale in the analysis and up to 26% with the addition of Anger-control as sub-dimension of STAS. It went up to 29% with the addition of receiving social support sub-dimension of Ways of Coping Inventory (WCI) in the analysis. It was seen that qualitative findings supported the quantitative findings. Based on qualitative findings, thus, leading factor among those affecting empathic skills was anger . Stress , life style , and life experiences followed this. Things that made the school administrators the angriest included teachers coming in the classroom late , do not teach , staff ignoring their responsibilities , and teachers not fulfilling their responsibilities . Also, majority of the school administrators were found to be unable to empathize in anger. It was found that when in anger school administrators Postpone appointment , tried to understand what was going on , left the environment briefly , tried to control anger , tried not to talk , and raised their voices.

The Relationship Between Aggressive Behavior And Empathic Tendency Levels Of Health Workers

Today, as level of education of individuals increases, demand for higher quality health services pushes the health sector to compete more. As a result of health problems, anxiety and worries of patients and their relatives who are beginning to accept their situation, might be replaced by anger. Health personnel’s way of dealing with this anger determines the quality of service provided. Empathic tendency and aggression levels of the personnel gain importance at this point. Empathic communication without aggressive behavior against anger of patient and his/her relatives requires low level of aggression and high empathic tendency. Health workers with high levels of aggressive behavior and low empathic tendencies, are likely to provoke patients and their relatives who are not angry, cause violence in health and reduce satisfaction with the service provided. Research was conducted to determine levels of empathic tendency and aggressiveness of healthcare personnel and their relations with each other. Research's sample group contains 428 healthcare workers working in Konya Numune Hospital, Health Sciences University Konya Education and Research Hospital and Beyhekim State Hospital. While collecting data, personal information form prepared by researcher, Empathic Tendency Scale developed by Dökmen and aggression scale developed by Buss and Perry were used. In the analyzes, results were evaluated at 95% confidence interval, 0,05 (p <0,05) significance level. In this study, Cronbach Alpha coefficient of Empathic Tendency Scale was found as 0,84 and Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of the Aggression Scale was found as 0,92. Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of Aggression Scale sub-dimensions was 0,84 for physical aggression, 0,62 for verbal aggression, 0,77 for hostility and 0,79 for anger. According to research findings, total point average of empathic tendency of health personnel was determined as 66,71 and total point average of aggression was determined as 2,69. It was determined that empathic tendency was related to gender, age, education level and aggression level was related to gender, marital status, duty year. Negative significant relation between empathic tendency and level of aggression was determined. According to this result, as levels of empathic tendency of health personnel increase, aggression levels decrease.

Children's empathic tendencies: Effect of perceived family relations

The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of perceived family relations on children's empathic tendencies.Correlational research model was used to analyze the data. The study group was comprised of 250 children from grades 4th and 5th in primary school in the city-center of Aksaray. To gather data, “KA-Sİ Empathic Tendency Scale Child Form” and “Family Relationship Scale for Children” were conducted. Multiple regression analyses were performed to predict the determinants of children’s empathic tendencies. According to findings, supportive family relations predict cognitive and emotional empathic tendencies of children positively, while discouraging family relations predict cognitive and emotional empathic tendencies of children, negatively. This study pointed out how familial relations perceived by children affected empathic tendencies. For further studies, it can be recommended other parental factors be evaluated based on parenting socialization, practices and believes for expanding on this growing area of literature.Keywords: Empathic tendencies, perceived family relations, primary school children.

Erkek Güreş Hakemlerinin Öfke ve Kızgınlık Düzeyleri ile Empatik Eğilim Gösterme Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkinin Çeşitli Değişkenlere Göre İncelenmesi

The aim of this study is to examine the levels of anger and empathic tendencies of male wrestling referees. Working group is composed of 88 male referees participated in the Wrestling Referees Training Seminar organized by Turkey Wrestling Federation held in Antalya Kemer on the date of 27-30 December 2016. The results of the study are collected with "Continuous Anger-Anger Style Scale" adapted by Özer (1994) and "Empathic Tendency Scale" developed by Dökmen (1988). In the analysis of the data, correlation and multiple regression analyzes were used as well as descriptive statistics techniques. In the results of working, there was no significant relationship between levels of anger and empathic tendency of male wrestling referees. In addition, the referees' marital status, age, educational status, refereeing year, refereeing categories and other professions do not give a meaningful relationship with the level of anger.

An Examination of Violent and Empathic Tendencies in Adolescents by Different Variables

The goal of this research was to study the violent and empathic tendencies of adolescents according to different variables and to determine the correlation levels between these tendencies. For this purpose, the relational survey and causal-comparative model were used. The research was conducted on 513 adolescents (319 females and 194 males), with no disabilities, from two-parent families, and attending the 9th, 10th, and 11th grades of Anadolu high schools and Anadolu teacher-training high schools in Yozgat, which are affiliated with the Ministry of Education. The data were collected by means of the Student Information Form, the Violent Tendency Scale, and the adolescent form of the Child and Adolescent KA-SI Empathic Tendency Scale. All the results at a level of (p<0.05) have been accepted as statistically significant. The results of the research have revealed that the type of school, sex, and grade create statistically significant differences between aggression score values (p<0.05). While the type of school and grade do not lead to any statistically significant difference between emotional, cognitive, and total empathy scores (p>0.05), gender does. The correlation analysis results have established that there is a statistically significant weak positive correlation (p<0.05) between the aggression score and the following: emotional empathy score, cognitive empathy score, and total empathy score (p<0.05).