Emotional Components Research Articles

7424 Measurements of Key Regulators of Energy Intake in Young and Midlife Women with Overweight or Obesity

Abstract Disclosure: E. Tama: None. R. Rivera: None. S. Fansa: None. D. Anazco: None. W. Ghusn: None. S. Faubion: None. A. Acosta: Consulting Fee; Self; Amgen Inc. Grant Recipient; Self; Vivus USA, Novo Nordisk. C. Shufelt: None. M.D. Hurtado: None. Introduction: Midlife women (ages 40 to 65) experience age-related weight gain (0.4-0.7 kg/year) due to physiologic and psychosocial changes. Evidence supports that age-related decrease in lean mass and its subsequent effect on energy expenditure are key physiologic factors. To date, the are no data describing if changes in the main regulators of energy intake (i.e., hunger, satiation, and satiety) across women’s lifespan play a role in weight gain during midlife. The aim of this study is to characterize measurements of satiation, satiety, and appetite sensations through early adulthood and midlife in women with obesity. Methods: This is a cross sectional study of women aged 19-65 with overweight or obesity who have undergone measurements of (i) body composition by DXA scan; (ii) resting energy expenditure (REE) by indirect calorimetry; (iii) satiation by calories consumed to satiation (CTS) during an ad libitum meal test; (iv) satiety by time needed to empty 50% of the stomach content (GEt1/2) in a gastric emptying study and plasma satiety hormone levels (PYY, GLP-1, and CCK); and (v) appetite sensations by visual analog scales (VAS) for hunger and fullness. We present data as mean ± standard deviation. We performed simple correlations between these variables and age. We performed multiple regression analyses to adjust for body composition and REE. Results: Our cohort included 552 mostly white (93%) women, with a mean age of 41±11 years and a mean BMI of 37±7 kg/m2. Increased age significantly correlated with higher waist circumference (r=0.1, p=0.006), waist/hip ratio (r=0.1, p=0.01), and total fat mass % (r=0.1, p=0.04); and with lower lean mass % (r=-0.1, p=0.04) and REE (r=-0.3, p<0.0001). Increased age was associated with decreased hunger sensation (i.e., lower preprandial VAShunger after an overnight fast, r=-0.1, p=0.04; and lower postprandial VAShunger 4hr after a standardized 320-kcal breakfast, r=-0.1, p=0.001), stronger satiation (i.e., lower CTS, r=-0.1, p=0.001), and more prolonged satiety (i.e., higher GEt1/2, r=0.1, p=0.02; higher postprandial GLP-1 levels, r=0.1, p=0.03; and higher postprandial VASfullness after and ad libitum meal, p=0.1, p=0.008). After adjusting for lean mass % and REE, the correlations between age and hunger sensations and satiation measurement, but not satiety measurements, were maintained. Conclusion: Our results show that older women have lower lean mass % and REE. After adjusting for these variables, older women experience decreased hunger sensation and achieve satiation with a lower number of calories. As these changes in theory would protect against midlife weight gain, the differences in body composition and REE remain the most likely culprit. Further research is necessary to investigate if there are other key factors that may contribute to weight gain such as the hedonic or emotional components of food intake. Presentation: 6/2/2024

Stress and Women Physicians: Effects on Infertility and Family Planning

Burnout is an occupational stress phenomenon with physical, cognitive and emotional components. Women physicians encounter distinctive factors that contribute to occupational stress and burnout. The physiological underpinnings of burnout and its connection to fertility have been studied primarily through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Among women physicians, both individual and organizational factors related to burnout can result in delays in family planning and infertility. Women physicians considering family planning express concerns about being negatively perceived and the effect on career advancement. Women physicians are more likely to require assisted reproductive technologies and experience complications during pregnancy. An emphasis on early education of reproductive options and use of evidence based psychological interventions during the treatment of infertility can reduce stress and improve outcomes. [ Psychiatr Ann . 2024;54(10):e277–e281.]

FEATURES OF EMOTIONAL MANIFESTATIONS OF PROFESSIONAL DEFORMATIONS (BURNOUT) OF HEALTHCARE WORKERS IN THE POST-COVID PERIOD

The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the emotional component of professional deformation (burnout) of healthcare workers in the post-covid period. A survey was conducted of 658 healthcare workers with characteristics of the emotional component of professional deformation (burnout) in the post-covid period. Questionnaires of emotional burnout and self-assessment of emotional states were used. Mathematical and statistical processing included the K. Pearson correlation criterion and the Chaddock-Snedecor scale.

Блогер глазами московского студента: образ профессии

Recently, Russia has seen not only a rapid increase in the popularity of blogging, but also clear trends towards its professionalization. The interest in blogging among young people is especially pronounced. In this regard, there is a need to study the perception of blogging as a profession by young people, to form an image of this profession in their minds, to understand its essence and features. In addition, it is important to identify the factors influencing the formation of the image of the blogger's profession in the minds of young people. The article presents the results of a study of the image of the blogger profession in the representations of the student youth of the city of Moscow. Based on the analysis of theoretical approaches to the study of the profession image, the structure of the blogger's profession image was developed, which includes cognitive, emotional, personal and behavioral components. The results of the student survey revealed that the cognitive component of the image of the blogger's profession was not formed clearly enough for the majority of respondents. At the same time, the emotional and personal components are characterized by positive features. The analysis of the behavioral component showed that the majority of respondents have no intention of becoming professional bloggers. Among the factors influencing the formation of the image of the blogger's profession, the most significant were the level of education and the degree of involvement in the blogosphere. A student's level of education influences their perception of blogging as a profession. The higher the student's level of education, the less they perceive blogging as a profession and more as a way of self-expression, communication or entertainment. The degree of involvement in the blogosphere influences the correctness of the image of the blogger's profession in the student's mind. The more a young person is interested in the blogosphere, the more their idea of the blogging profession matches reality. The results of the study indicate that, despite the popularity of blogging among students, their ideas about the profession of a blogger often do not correspond to reality.

어린이 놀이 학습 공간의 감성적 특성을 활용한 학원 공간 설계

The 4th Industrial Revolution and the pandemic are bringing about major changes in the educational environment. Amid the limitations of existing education methods, the rapid development of digital technology and the spread of non-face-to-face education require new methods to draw learners' participation and immersion. Play can be an alternative to the modern educational environment that provides opportunities to develop creativity, cooperation, social skills, and problem-solving skills. This study is a thesis that examines the meaning of play spaces in modern society and examines the design implementation process of learning spaces using emotional design components. To this end, it was conducted based on Maslow's theory of desire, Aaron Walter's theory of emotional design, and domestic prior studies on the components of emotional space. The proposed design is meaningful in creating an environment that naturally increases the motivation and outcome of learning and the restoration of bonds based on the pleasuable of children.

Гуманитаризация экологии как метод борьбы с экологическим кризисом

The article is devoted to the analysis of the current modern trend in environmental science – the humanitarization of ecology, in which the author sees a new way to combat the environmental crisis. Practice shows that the existing measures to combat the crisis are not effective enough. It seems more appropriate to act through the formation of environmental consciousness and environmental culture, in the structure of which the emotional and personal component, empathy, and aesthetic attitude to nature play a crucial role. Modern man is catastrophically alienated from nature, his environment has long been irreducible to the natural one, it includes cultural, social and symbolic environments. The unifying methodological principle for a range of environmental disciplines, including the humanities (ecology of the visual and digital environment, ecology of language, ecology of culture) is the environmental approach. Not opposing culture, but refracting in cultural contexts, nature at a new, more meaningful level, should be included in the life world of modern man. Methods of the humanities are actively penetrating ecology. The author comes to the conclusion that the humanization of ecology helps to combat the ecological crisis through a new approach to nature (through understanding, experience, and not explanation).

Destination-Country Image of Türkiye from Perspectives of American Non-Visitors

The significance of images in advertising, promoting, attracting tourists for destinations, and influencing their future behavioral intentions is widely acknowledged concept. In recent years, destination-country image research has gained momentum. This article seeks to evaluate how Türkiye (the fourth most visited country in the world) is perceived as a travel destination by American non-visitors. The focus on American non-visitors in this study is significant because Americans represent the largest group of international travelers globally. This demographic offers valuable insights for understanding potential tourism markets for Türkiye. By analyzing how American non-visitors perceive Türkiye, the study aims to enhance the country's tourism strategies, especially in a highly competitive global market. Their perceptions influence their likelihood to visit, making it crucial for tourism managers to tailor marketing campaigns to shift these non-visitors' views toward a more favorable image of Türkiye. The sample included potential tourists who have never visited Türkiye, also known as non-visitors. Furthermore, the study examined the relationship between how potential visitors view the destination country and their intentions to travel there. Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), a widely used online research platform, gathered the data for this study. Data were obtained through a survey from a total of 302 non-visitors by conducting convenience sampling method. We employ PLS-SEM, a variance-based methodology, analyze the data set. After the analysis, we validated all proposed hypotheses. Therefore, the cognitive and emotional images have an impact on each other. There is a statistically significant and positive link between the affective image and overall and the cognitive image and overall (β = 0.354, p<0.001; β = 0.258, p<0.001, respectively). In addition, there were strong and positive links between visit intention and both affective image (β = 0.262, p<0.001) and cognitive image (β = 0.168, p<0.001). The cognitive and emotional components of an image have a significant impact on general image perception. The current study validates that both the general image and its elements positively influence non-visitors' visit intentions. The study concludes by presenting the management and theoretical consequences.

Development and psychometric properties of the Health Anxiety Behavior Inventory (HABI)

Abstract Background: Mainstream cognitive behavioural theory stipulates that clinically significant health anxiety persists over time at least partially due to negatively reinforced health-related behaviours, but there exists no broad and psychometrically valid measure of such behaviours. Aims: To draft and evaluate a new self-report scale – the Health Anxiety Behavior Inventory (HABI) – for the measurement of negatively reinforced health anxiety behaviours. Method: We drafted the HABI from a pool of 20 candidate items administered in a clinical trial at screening, and before and after cognitive behaviour therapy (n=204). A psychometric evaluation focused on factor structure, internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity, test–retest reliability, and sensitivity to change. Results: Based on factor analysis, the HABI was completed as a 12-item instrument with a four-dimensional factor structure corresponding to the following scales: (i) bodily preoccupation and checking, (ii) information- and reassurance-seeking, (iii) prevention and planning, and (iv) overt avoidance. Factor inter-correlations were modest. The internal consistency (α=.73–.87) and 2-week test–retest reliability (r=.75–.90) of the scales was adequate. The bodily preoccupation and checking, and information- and reassurance-seeking scales were most strongly correlated with the cognitive and emotional components of health anxiety (r=0.41, 0.48), and to a lower extent correlated to depressive symptoms and disability. Change scores in all HABI scales correlated with improvement in the cognitive and emotional components of health anxiety during cognitive behaviour therapy. Conclusions: The HABI appears to reliably measure negatively reinforced behaviours commonly seen in clinically significant health anxiety, and might be clinically useful in the treatment of health anxiety.

Communication: concept, essence, content

The article provides a theoretical analysis of the essence and content of communication, which, being an element of social interaction, ensures the transmission and exchange of information in various spheres of human activity. The analysis of linguistic, socio-psychological, activity, cultural, informational and semiotic approaches carried out in the article made it possible to understand the diversity of ideas about communication, to formulate a more complete idea of its essence and content. It also made it possible to identify inaccuracies and discrepancies in the understanding of the concept of communication, which is important for further development and clarification of the theoretical and applied aspects of this problem, and will also contribute to the development of recommendations on the formation of effective interaction and dialogue, reducing misunderstandings, avoiding conflicts and improving the quality of relations, including and legal. The article analyzes the key components of communication. Special attention is paid to its essence, which consists in creating and maintaining social relationships. It plays an important role in the formation of social consciousness, cultural identity and social integration. Communication ensures the coordination of actions and decision-making, promotes the exchange of knowledge and experience, as well as the formation of public opinion. Emphasis is placed on the fact that, by its very nature, it is a multifaceted and dynamic process, covering various aspects of interaction between people. Such interactions include verbal and non-verbal means of communication, emotional and rational components, and social and cultural contexts. It contributes to the preservation of cultural heritage and adaptation to changes in society. It is substantiated that the main purpose of communication is the transfer and exchange of information, knowledge, emotions and ideas to achieve mutual understanding. It was found that the content of communication includes informational, emotional, motivational and evaluative aspects. Informational content refers to facts, data, and knowledge that are conveyed during communication. The emotional aspect reflects the emotional state of subjects and affects their perception of information. The motivational aspect is related to the intentions and goals that drive communication. The evaluative aspect includes the evaluation of information and the reaction to it, which determines the course of communication and the subsequent behavior of subjects.

Identification of the emotional component of inner pronunciation: EEG-ERP study

The article discusses the problems of identifying the emotional component of inner pronunciation using psychophysiological methods. In the course of preliminary analysis, P200, N400 and LPC were identified, associated with various parameters of prosody regulation during inner pronunciation. An experimental study of inner pronunciation using event-related potentials from EEG was conducted to isolate these components. In addition, a new method of localizing sources of activity using EEG “virtually implanted electrode” was applied in order to study possible sources of the isolated components. The results show the connection of EEG components with various characteristics of prosody (P200 − the beginning of prosody encoding, N400 − the valence of the emotion, LPC − the intensity of the emotion). Based on the results, the participation of various brain structures in the generation of each of the components was also analyzed.

The Influence of English Language Exposure on Language Attitudes and Identity among Chinese Youth

This research aims to examine the influence of exposure to the English language on the linguistic attitudes and identity of Chinese students. The analysis examines the characteristics of respondents according to their gender, academic program, and socio-economic background. It evaluates their level of English exposure via formal education, media consumption, digital communication, literature, social interactions, travel experiences, self-study, and familial influences. Although English exposure is typically considered reasonably beneficial, the research reveals significant disparities depending on gender and socio-economic level. The impact of English exposure on emotional components of language attitudes is moderate, whereas its influence on cognitive, evaluative, social, perceptual, and contextual elements is relatively modest. The research also demonstrates that English exposure substantially impacts students' identity, namely in terms of historical and cultural background, language preference, and regional identification. Furthermore, a modest but favorable association exists between exposure to English and the general sense of self among Chinese students. At the same time, formal schooling and social contacts have a more significant impact. Based on these results, the research proposes customized language programs, immersive experiences, and various learning resources to improve English acquisition and its influence on students' identities.

The effect of applying emotional intelligence components on coping strategies in adolescents with beta-thalassemia major: a randomized clinical trial

BackgroundThalassemia is one of the most common genetic disorders. Patients with beta-thalassemia major confront serious clinical and psychosocial challenges in their all lives, which require coping strategies. It appears that psychological interventions are necessary to improve their coping skills. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of applying emotional intelligence components on coping strategies in adolescents with beta- thalassemia major.MethodsThis randomized clinical trial study involved 60 teenagers with beta- thalassemia major who were divided equally into intervention and control groups. The experimental group participated in 9 sessions of an emotional intelligence program consisting of 90 min, held both virtually and in person, two sessions per week. We investigated problem-focused and emotion-focused (including positive emotion-focused and negative emotion-focused) coping strategies of both groups of adolescents using the Billings and Moos questionnaire before the intervention, immediately after the intervention, and one month after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21. Then, according to the research objectives, independent t-tests, Chi-square, Mann–Whitney, repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni test were used.ResultsIn experimental group, the mean score of problem-focused (problem-solving, cognitive evaluation) and positive emotion-focused (social support) coping increased from (14.2 ± 2.6) and (5.0 ± 0.5) before the intervention to (29.6 ± 3.1) and (10.9 ± 1.3) one month after the intervention, respectively (P < 0.001). However, the mean score of emotional inhibition and somatic inhibition (negative emotion-focused) decreased from (13.8 ± 1.7) and (6.7 ± 1.5) before the intervention to (8.6 ± 2.0) and (3.8 ± 1.8) one month after the intervention, respectively (P < 0.001). While the mean score of problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies before and one month after the intervention remained stable in the control group.ConclusionsAdolescents with beta-thalassemia suffer from psychosocial disorders and they also cope maladaptive with their illness. Applying emotional intelligence has improved their coping strategies. Caregivers should be encouraged to assess coping skills in teenagers with beta-thalassemia major and use methods such as emotional intelligence to improve them. Therefore, it can help these adolescents to deal effectively with stress and complications of the disease.Trial registration numberIRCT20210521051356N1 (17/06/2021).

Network analyses of emotion components: an exploratory application to the component process model of emotion

Emotion is an episode involving changes in multiple components, specifically subjective feelings, physiological arousal, expressivity, and action tendencies, all these driven by appraisal processes. However, very few attempts have been made to comprehensively model emotion episodes from this full componential perspective, given the statistical and methodological complexity involved. Recently, network analyses have been proposed in the field of emotion and cognition as an innovative theoretical and statistical framework able to integrate several properties of emotions. We therefore addressed the call for more multi-componential evidence by modeling the network of a comprehensive list of emotion components drawn from the Component Process Model of Emotion. Five-hundred students were confronted with mildly ambiguous scenarios from everyday life, and reported on their situational appraisals and emotion responses. Network analyses were applied to the emotion components related to a positive and a negative scenario to explore 1) how the components organize themselves into networks and dimensions; 2) which components are the most central within networks and dimensions; and 3) the patterns of components relation between and within dimensions. A three-dimensional solution emerged in both scenarios. Additionally, some appraisals and responses appeared to be differentially relevant and related to each other in both scenarios, highlighting the importance of context in shaping the strength of emotion component relations. Overall, we enriched the field of affective science by exploring the connections between emotion components in three novel ways: by using network analyses, by integrating them into a multi-componential framework, and by providing context to our emotion components. Our results can also potentially inform applied research, where understanding the interconnections and the centrality of components could aid the personalization of interventions.

Psychological Interventions and Those With Elements of Positive Psychology for Child and Youth Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Literature Review, Lessons Learned, and Areas for Future Knowledge Dissemination.

There was a marked decline in child and teenage mental health worldwide during the pandemic, with increasing prevalence of depression, anxiety, and suicide. Research indicates that positive psychological interventions may be beneficial for mental health. The aims of this review were to evaluate positive psychological interventions for child and youth mental health implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic and assess overall effectiveness for mental health and knowledge. We undertook a literature search of PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar for all eligible studies on digital and hybrid in-person psychological interventions for youth mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. A particular emphasis was placed on positive psychological interventions or interventions that had components of positive psychology, including gratitude, acceptance, positive emotions, or resilience building. A total of 41 interventions were included in this review. Most of the interventions were digital. Overall, most of the interventions assisted with one or more mental health or psychological indicators, such as depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, stress, and resilience. However, findings were mixed when it came to targeting both depression and anxiety together. The interventions that promoted youth mental health most often had a range of diverse positive psychology components and were evidence based. Not all studies measured changes in mindfulness. Few studies examined knowledge acquired on mental health self-care, managing mental health problems, knowledge of positive psychological techniques, mindfulness knowledge, or mental health self-efficacy. Diverse multicomponent interventions appear to assist with youth mental health overall, although their effects on both depression and anxiety are less clear. There is also a need for more research on knowledge gains to determine whether the interventions improved knowledge on mental health-supportive behaviors, which may be sustained beyond the intervention. Finally, more studies need to evaluate whether the interventions assisted with increasing self-efficacy for practicing positive psychological techniques as well as changes in mindfulness levels. Future studies should not only assess effectiveness for mental health outcomes but also assess knowledge translation, with valid measures of knowledge and self-efficacy for mental health-supportive behaviors and positive psychological skills acquired (eg, the ability to practice mindfulness).

A Cross-Sectional Study on Clinical Profiles and Quality of Life of Patients with Neuropathic Pain

Background: Due to nerve damage in the central and peripheral nervous systems, people with neuropathic pain experience acute pain. This study evaluated the health effects of neuropathic pain and different types of pain according to various neuropathies. Objective: To evaluate the clinical characteristics and QOL of neuropathic pain patients. Study the most frequently given medications, evaluate patients with various types of neuropathic pain, determine the characteristics of neuropathic pain, analyse the effects of neuropathic pain on general health. Materials and Methods: A total of 102 patients were enrolled according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were interviewed using Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire-2, RAND 36 Item Health Survey 1.0 Questionnaire. Percentage, mean, chi square and standard deviation was used mainly in Statistical analysis. Result: Out of 102 patients, 44.12% were female, and 55.88% were male. Mean age of male and female was 46.60 and 47.42 years respectively. Radiculopathy patients were in the majority (43.1%), followed by peripheral neuropathy (37.3%), myelopathy (16.7%), sciatic neuropathy (2%), and brachial plexopathy (1%). Diabetes was highest to cause peripheral neuropathy. The most commonly prescribed drug was pregabalin, and combination were gabapentin and nortriptyline. The total means of all subscales of SF-MPQ-2 questionnaire was 4.56(2.10). Mean of physical component and emotional component summary was 34.30(17.54), and 42.38(15.74). Conclusion: Diabetes, trauma, weightlifting can also cause neuropathic pain. Diabetes was among top cause for peripheral neuropathy. Burning, itching, numbness, tingling, cold freezing pain were prevalent. The emotional function of patients was better than physical function.

University Students’ Attitudes toward Artificial Intelligence: An Exploratory Study of the Cognitive, Emotional, and Behavioural Dimensions of AI Attitudes

Artificial intelligence (AI) drives new modes of learning and improves the workflow of instructors. Nevertheless, there are concerns about academic integrity, plagiarism, and the reduction of critical thinking in higher education. Therefore, it is important to record and analyze university social sciences students’ attitudes toward AI, which is a significant predictor of later use of AI technologies. A sample of 190 university students (82.45% female) from a Greek social sciences department was selected. Descriptive statistics revealed that students’ attitudes toward AI were mostly positive. A principal components analysis confirmed a three-component solution of attitudes toward AI, comprising cognitive, behavioral, and emotional dimensions. Comparative analysis of the three components indicated that the emotional dimension was the highest ranked, followed by the cognitive and behavioral dimensions. Pairwise correlation analyses revealed that the strongest correlate of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional components of attitudes toward AI was the future frequency of AI use, followed by general feelings of safety with technology. In conclusion, students display more emotional and cognitive favorable dispositions toward AI. The social background of the students and the prospective future use of AI play a key role in the formulation of attitudes toward AI. University educators need to provide more teaching and learning about AI to improve students’ attitudes toward AI and future AI use.

Parental Sexual Socialization, Sexual Subjectivity, and Emotional Responses to Sexual Experiences among Adolescent Girls.

This study explored girls' sexual subjectivity as a pathway through which parental socialization influenced their emotions about past sexual experiences. A national online survey of 397 adolescent girls (Mage = 16.8 years) from diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds (33.0% Black, 25.7% Latina, 28.0% non-Hispanic White) assessed (1) parental messaging emphasizing relational, sex-positive, gendered sex role, abstinence-only, and sex-is-taboo discourses; (2) girls' sexual subjectivity including sexual body esteem, entitlement to sexual pleasure, and perceived sexual control; and (3) positive and negative emotional reactions to sexual experiences. Sexual subjectivity fully mediated the positive effect of relational messaging on positive emotional reactions and the negative effect on negative emotional reactions. Additionally, sexual subjectivity partially mediated the positive effect of gendered sex role messaging on negative emotional reactions. This study draws critical attention to placing the psychological aspects of girls' sense of their own sexuality and the emotional components of their sexual experience at the forefront of understanding the influence of parental sexual socialization on the sexual experiences of adolescent girls.

The cingulum: a central hotspot for the battle against chronic intractable pain?

Chronic pain causes a major burden on patient's lives, in part due to its profound socioeconomic impact. Despite the development of various pharmacological approaches and (minor) invasive treatments, a subset of patients remain refractory, hence why alternative targeted neurosurgical interventions like cingulotomy and deep brain stimulation of the anterior cingulate cortex should be considered in the last resort. Despite clinical evidence supporting the potential of these treatments in the management of chronic intractable pain, physicians remain reluctant on its clinical implementation. This can be partially attributed to the lack of clear overviews summarizing existent data. Hence, this article aims to evaluate the current status of cingulotomy and deep brain stimulation of the anterior cingulate cortex in the treatment of chronic intractable pain, to provide insight in whether these neurosurgical approaches and its target should be reconsidered in the current era. In the current study, a literature searches was performed using the PubMed database. Additional articles were searched manually through reviews or references cited within the articles. After exclusion, 24 and 5 articles remained included in the analysis of cingulotomy and deep brain stimulation of the anterior cingulate cortex, respectively. Results indicate that various surgical techniques have been described for cingulotomy and deep brain stimulation of the anterior cingulate cortex. Cingulotomy is shown to be effective 51-53% and 43-64% of patients with neoplastic and non-neoplastic pain at ≤6 months follow-up, and 82% (9/11) and 76% (90/118) at ≥ 12months follow-up, respectively. With regard to deep brain stimulation of the anterior cingulate cortex, no data on neoplastic pain was reported, however, 59% (10/17) and 57% (8/14) of patients with non-neoplastic pain were considered responders at ≤ 6 months and ≥ 12months follow-up, respectively. The most reported adverse events include change in affect (>6.9%, >29/420) and confusion (>4.8%, >20/420) for cingulotomy, and infection (12.8%, 6/47), seizures (8.5%, 4/47) and decline in semantic fluency (6.4%, 3/47) for deep brain stimulation of the anterior cingulate cortex. It can be concluded that cingulotomy and deep brain stimulation of the anterior cingulate cortex are effective last resort strategies for patients with refractory non-neoplastic and neoplastic pain, especially in case of an affective emotional component. Future research should be performed on the cingulum as a neurosurgical target as it allows for further exploration of promising treatment options for chronic intractable pain.

Affectivism and the Emotional Elephant: How a Componential Approach Can Reconcile Opposing Theories to Serve the Future of Affective Sciences.

This article discusses how the affectivism framework and the componential approach to emotion may serve the future of affective sciences. A particular aim of the article is to show that an appraisal-based componential approach to emotion can help reconcile opposing theories. It begins by contextualizing the evolution of emotion science within the framework of affectivism, acknowledging that the significant epistemological differences between various theories have paradoxically spurred interest in studying emotion across various perspectives and disciplines. If affectivism is regarded as the pursuit of a deeper understanding of not only emotions and other affective processes but also cognitive and behavioral processes, then its success can be partly attributed to the existence of multiple approaches, allowing each discipline and perspective to advance using the most suitable theory and methodology. We contend that a componential approach reveals that the five principal theories of emotion have each focused on one of five components of emotion. Overall, based on the analysis of several articles published in the special issue on the future of affective science, we argue that affective scientists are well equipped not onlyto build a future in which conceptual and methodological tools will be used to test diverging hypotheses between competing theories but also to acknowledge and celebrate where such theories converge.

801. ROBOTIC ASSISTED LAPAROSCOPIC GIANT PARA-OESOPHAGEAL HERNIA REPAIR: 5-YEAR EXPERIENCE

Abstract Background Prior to laparoscopic era, giant paraesophageal hernia repair (GPEHR) was considered a relatively morbid operation requiring thoracotomy or laparotomy or both. GPEHR has been shown to be amenable to laparoscopic approach with low morbidity and mortality. We presented the outcome of over 200 cases of laparoscopic GPEHR (LGPEHR) with long-term follow- up over 20 years at DDW 2022. We have been performing robotic-assisted laparoscopic giant paraesophageal hernia repair (RAL-GPEHR) since 2018 and present our results. Methods We did a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of RAL- GPEHR using the DaVinci Xi between December 2018 and March 2024. All operating data are electronically recorded automatically by DaVinci Xi system for each surgeon/console user. Demographic data, clinical presentation, pre-operative assessment, and testing including haemoglobin (Hb), respiratory function {Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1)} as well as quality-of-life (QoL) with SF-36 questioners (including general health, physical, emotional, and social components), length of hospital stay (LOS), morbidity, mortality and follow up outcomes (Clinical, Hb, radiological, respiratory and QoL) were recorded. Results Twenty patients underwent RAL-GPEHR with 15(75%) having crural repair plus gastropexy and 5(25%) patients having additional Toupet fundoplication. Fourteen (70%) were females. Data is presented in Table 1. Presenting symptoms were dyspnoea, reflux, post-prandial pain, and dysphagia with 7(35%) anaemic. Eight (40%) were ASA III and 12(60%) ASA II. Thirteen (65%) were Type III-GPEH, 4(20%)-Type IV, one-Type II (5%) and 2(10%) recurrent GPEH. Blood loss was minimal with no intra-operative complications or conversions to open. One (5%) had post-operative chest infection. Symptoms improved in all post-operatively with improvement of Hb, FVC, FEV1 and QoL. Radiological recurrence occurred in one (5%) but remains asymptomatic. Conclusions This report represents our initial experience of a small number of patients undergoing RAL-GPEHR which has proved to be feasible and safe. A long-term follow- up with a large series of patients is required to compare long-term outcomes especially symptomatic recurrences and QoL.