Emotions Sadness Research Articles

THE GRIEVING RESPONSE OF CERVICAL CANCER PATIENTS IN A REFERRAL HOSPITAL IN BANDUNG CITY

The grief response could affect the treatment process and the condition of cervical cancer patients which directly gives impact on the patients quality of life. The medical practisers are responsible for helping the patients to pass through the grief process to prevent the adverse effects for the patients, thus it is necessary to know the condition of grief response as the data to analyze the problems and to plan the nursing interventions. This study purpose was to identify the grief response in cervical cancer patients at central hospital Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung. The research design was a quantitative descriptive by used the questionary of Preparatory Grief in Advanced Cancer Patients (PGAC) with the validity value of 0.823-0.864 and the reliability value of 0.83. The research sample was the patients of cervical cancer with the total number of 50 persons. The technique of sample selection used an Accidental Sampling carried out in the period of two weeks. The research result from 50 patients showed that most respondents (76%) had low grief and a small number of patients (24%) had severe grief which required further intervention. A big number of respondents (60%) had prolonged grief. The grief responses which mostly existed were the response of emotional sadness (58%), meanwhile, the lowest response was religious comfort response (16%). Although the majority of respondents experienced low grief response, there are still existed severe grief response and also experienced prolonged grief. The high response of sadness showed all the patients of cervical cancer needed emotional and spiritual support as the efforts to prevent the low grief become severe grief response and also to overcome the severe grief and it not to be the prolonged grief.Keywords : Cervical cancer, grief response, preparatory grief.

Implicit measurement of emotional experience and its dynamics.

Although many studies revealed that emotions and their dynamics have a profound impact on cognition and behavior, it has proven difficult to unobtrusively measure emotions. In the current study, our objective was to distinguish different experiences elicited by audiovisual stimuli designed to evoke particularly happy, sad, fear and disgust emotions, using electroencephalography (EEG) and a multivariate approach. We show that we were able to classify these emotional experiences well above chance level. Importantly, we retained all the information (frequency and topography) present in the data. This allowed us to interpret the differences between emotional experiences in terms of component psychological processes such as attention and arousal that are known to be associated with the observed activation patterns. In addition, we illustrate how this method of classifying emotional experiences can be applied on a moment-by-moment basis in order to track dynamic changes in the emotional response over time. The application of our approach may be of value in many contexts in which the experience of a given stimulus or situation changes over time, ranging from clinical to consumption settings.

Parenting in mothers with schizophrenia and its relation to facial emotion recognition deficits- a case control study.

Difficulties in parenting and Facial Emotion Recognition deficits (FERD) in persons with schizophrenia have been demonstrated independently. However, the relationship between parenting deficits and FERD in mothers with schizophrenia is yet to be explored. The aims of the study were to assess parenting in mothers with schizophrenia, to examine the clinical correlates of parenting and to examine if facial emotion recognition deficits had an association with parenting. Fifty mothers with schizophrenia and 50 age matched healthy mothers were assessed for parenting and FERD. Parenting was assessed using Arnold's parenting scale and Parent Interview Schedule. Kiddie TRENDS, a modified Tool for Recognition of Emotions in Neuropsychiatric Disorders (TRENDS) was administered to assess facial emotion recognition. Among mothers with schizophrenia, FERD were noted in emotions of sadness, disgust, anger and surprise. Laxness in parenting was associated with negative symptoms of schizophrenia and also facial emotion recognition deficits. Parenting difficulties are commonly noticed in mothers with schizophrenia. Laxness style of parenting was found more often in mothers with schizophrenia, especially in mothers with blunt affect. Mothers with schizophrenia had difficulties in recognizing emotions of sadness, anger, disgust and surprise and this was associated with laxness style of parenting.

Development of an oneM2M-compliant IoT Platform for Wearable Data Collection

Internet of Things (IoT) is commonly referred to as a future internet technology to provide advanced services by interconnecting physical and virtual things, collecting and using many data from them. The IoT platform is a server platform with a common architecture to collect and share the data independent of the IoT devices and services. Recently, oneM2M, the global standards initiative for Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications and the IoT announced the availability of oneM2M Release 2 specifications. Accordingly, this paper presents a new oneM2M-compliant IoT platform called Mobius 2.0 and proposes its application to collect the biosignal data from wearable IoT devices for emotion recognition. Experimental results show that we can collect various biosignal data seamlessly and extract meaningful features from the biosignal data to recognize two emotions of joy and sadness.

Feature extraction and dynamic identification of drivers’ emotions

Human emotions are the revulsive of intentions. It’s an important premise to identify drivers’ emotions dynamically and correctly for the realization of drivers’ intentions identification, active vehicle security warning and mind control driving. It is also an essential requirement for the microscopic research of traffic flow theory. Taking the car-following condition as an example, multi-source and dynamic data of human-vehicle-environment under drivers’ different emotional states was obtained through emotions induced experiments, actual driving experiments and virtual driving experiments in this paper. The main influencing factors of typical driving emotions were extracted with factor analysis method and emotion identification model was established based on the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and PAD emotional model. The emotions of joy, anger, sadness and fear can be identified online. The rationality and validity of the emotions feature extraction and identification model were verified through the experiments of actual driving, virtual driving and interactive simulation. The theoretical foundation for the study of emotion guidance mechanism of drivers’ intentions can be provided.

Когнитивные смещения при распознавании эмоций по лицу в пожилом возрасте

The article shows that in comparison with people aged 55-60 years in the groups of 61-74 and 75-90 years there are symptoms of age-specific socio-cognitive deficits in the recognition of emotions: changes in response time to emotional stimulus in the direction of slowdown; difficulties in fine differentiation of emotions of joy and sadness; the effect of high emotional intensity for a more accurate definition of emotions; cognitive shift in attention and interpretation of socio-emotional information. At a later age, there is a combined cognitive bias in the recognition of emotions in the face. More dominated bya positive shift. Unlike people 75-90 years in groups 55-60 and 61-74 years better recognize emotions of fear and sadness, than 75-90 years. It is more difficult to recognize anger at a later age. The lack of definition of neutral emotional expressions, which is accompanied by the phenomenon of depressive displacement, is described. General and age-specific predictors of recognition and differentiation of emotions in the face at a later age are identified.

Facial Emotional Perception Training for Medical Students

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the applicability and efficacy of a tool for improving medical students’ ability to recognize the facial expressions of emotions. Material and methods: We conducted a controlled intervention study with 98 medical students. The control group underwent a 45-minute class whose content was not targeted at the rehabilitation objective, while the intervention group was trained to recognize emotions through tutorials and games on eye, face and microexpression recognition usinghttps://www.e-motionaltraining.com/ program. All participants were assessed before and after the intervention with Ekman Faces Test. Results: When comparing the scores between the groups, we observed significant preintervention postintervention improvements in the intervention group in the emotions of anger (p < 0.001), sadness (p = 0.031) and fear (p = 0.007). Moreover, when comparing the students who performed pretest at Q1 vs. Q4 there were significant differences in change scores in happiness and anger (p = 0.005 and p = 0.003, respectively), with the students who achieved lower results in the initial assessment (Q1), thereby showing greater improvement. Conclusions: We can conclude that training medical students in recognizing facial emotions as part of their routine classroom training is feasible. The participants who most benefited were those who initially had lower scores in emotion recognition.

Emotions detection scheme using facial skin temperature and heart rate variability

Technology nowadays is aiming to provide a better life quality for people, schools and universities are working for the convenient of the students as well as ensuring a high quality of education is attained. Emotions detections system can be a solution for better education results and may also be used as a part of human-computer interaction applications such as robotics, games, and intelligent tutoring system, This study shows potentials method of detecting emotions using mobile computing to recognize and identify emotions (Relax, Fear, Sadness, and Joy) based on facial skin temperature, more specifically 5 spots on the face, Nose, Glabellar line (between the eyes and eyebrows) right\lift cheeks and the chin, in addition to the Heart Rate Variability (HRV). An experiment was conducted with 20 healthy subjects (10 females and 10 males, 20 to 31 years old), Both visual and auditory media were used to induce these emotions in the experiment. By the end of this paper, the output data will be anglicized by an Artificial neural network (ANN) The Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) was selected as a classifier with a result of 88.75 % accuracy. This mechanism proves that human`s emotions can easily identify without physical interaction with the subject and with high reliability with only 0.11 misprediction rate

Interest emotion recognition approach using self-organising map and motion estimation

Recognising human facial emotions by computer is an interesting problem. Although several approaches have been proposed the recognition rate, amount of used resources and calculation time remain factors for improvement. Our work presents a new approach for recognising basic emotions (joy, sadness, anger, disgust, surprise and fear) in image sequences. We introduced interest emotion and created its corresponding action units (AUs) based on psychological foundations. Our approach is mainly characterised by minimising used data and consequently optimising the computing time and improving the recognition rate. The proposed approach was divided into three steps: face detection using the Viola and Jones method, the extraction of facial features: here we exploited the facial action coding system, which is based on AUs. To detect AUs, we extracted face strategic points using an active appearance model and a block-matching approach. At the last, we classified the results by using the Kohonen self-organising map (SOM).

Emotional Categorization of the International Affective Picture System in a Colombian Sample

The International Affective Picture System (IAPS) is a battery of images used to induce discrete emotional reactions. In this study an IAPS subsample of 200 images was analysed to elicit discrete negative emotions and propose a new categorization of them, according to which discrete negative emotions (disgust, fear, sadness, or anger) they induce, in contrast to a dimensional model of emotion including emotional valence, intensity, and dominance, usually used in the literature. Through a sample by convenience, 447 participants of 3 universities in Bogota, Colombia, were recruited and shown 60 IAPS images and asked them to what extent they felt fear, sadness, disgust, anger, happiness, or satisfaction when looking at each image. By using the overlap of 95% confidence intervals of the mean of 6 emotions ratings for every image, results revealed that 51.5% of images induced simple emotions (19.5% fear, 16.5% sadness, 13.0% disgust and 2.5% anger), 43% of images induced complex emotions, including more than one negative emotion, 1.5% emotions mixed one negative and one positive emotion, and 4% were undetermined emotions.

Towards Mobile Cognitive Fatigue Assessment as Indicated by Physical, Social, Environmental, and Emotional Factors

This research sought to establish which in-situ measures of cognitive fatigue, physical activity, social interaction, location, emotional state and facial landmarks, made using a smartphone application, could be used to indicate episodes of cognitive fatigue. This assessment was realised using cognitive tests (assessing memory, attention, reaction time, information processing speed and executive function), self-assessment, contextual factors and facial feature analysis. This study also investigated the use of an ensemble algorithm for the classification of cognitive fatigue utilising facial features and a Rotation Forest approach. Self-assessment of cognitive fatigue was shown to directly correlate with reaction time through a Psychomotor Vigilance Task (r = .643, p = .001), and self-reported increases in the level of social activity (r = .377, p = .001). Facial feature analysis revealed dominant emotions of sadness and anger when participants were cognitively fatigued. It also revealed underlying facial cues that indicated higher levels of cognitive fatigue including expressions of negative valence, and Facial Action Coding System units of increased brow furrow, eyelid tightening and lip suck. In addition, a Principle Component Analysis based Rotation Forest ensemble with a ternary output demonstrated a cognitive fatigue classification accuracy of 82.17%. The findings presented indicate that the inclusion of data relating to surrounding cognitive, social, physical and emotional factors can improve the accuracy of mobile in-situ cognitive fatigue assessment using our previously validated smartphone-based cognitive fatigue assessment approach. The findings further suggest gross-level fatigue status may be potentially classified to a reasonable degree of accuracy using facial features, which may give rise to personalised in-situ fatigue detection.

The Emotional Climate Scale: Understanding Emotions, Context and Justice

The Emotional Climate Scale (ECS) was used to study the emotional responses of minority and majority elementary school students to different settings within their schools. The ECS applies a 7 point Likert scale to assess the emotions of anger, sadness, anxiety, loneliness, calmness, excitement, happiness, and hope in the school settings of the school bus, the playground, the principal office as well as the English, mathematics, social studies, and science classes. Minority children are significantly happier and lonelier on the bus and they are also more excited, angry and lonely in English classes than their white peers. In math classes minority children are more excited but lonelier. On the playground minority children are significantly sadder than majority children. In the principal&amp;rsquo;s office, minority children are significantly calmer than majority children. In science, minority children were significantly more excited and hopeful. In social studies minority children were also more excited. In the gym, there were no significant differences between majority and minority children. Excitement and happiness are the two positive emotions are preferred and appropriate for all classes. A key question raised by the ECS is the question &amp;ldquo;Is this school fair to minority children?&amp;rdquo; The presence of loneliness, sadness, and anger are troubling indicators of something that is not right in this school.

PERBANDINGAN DOMINASI BENTUK EMOSI LELAKI DALAM NOVEL PENYEBERANG SEMPADAN DENGAN KAFKA ON THE SHORE

Emotion is a reflexive reaction associated with the human nervous system, anda mechanism for communicating feelings. The novels “Penyeberang Sempadan”(2012) by Anuar Ridhwan, and “Kafka On The Shore” (2005) by HarukiMurakami, contain psychological elements which can answer and comparehypotheses regarding men’s emotional problems. This study is based on theemotional forms categorized by Daniel Goleman in Emotional IntelligenceTheory (1995) including anger, sadness, fear, pleasure, love, surprise, hateand shame. The dominant emotional forms are conveyed through the novels’male protagonists. The comparison of dominant emotional expressions betweenmale protagonists is based on textual content found in both novels. The analysesare based in the conflicts and problems experienced by the male protagonists,and find dominant sad emotions in both novels.Keywords: Emotional Forms, Emotional Intelligence Theory, Daniel Goleman,Sad, Dominant Emotion.

Efficacious and Positive Teachers Achieve More: Examining the Relationship Between Teacher Efficacy, Emotions, and Their Practicum Performance

This study will examine the relationship between pre-service teachers’ efficacy, emotion, and practicum performance score. A sample of 963 pre-service teachers was approached from four universities in China. This study used two self-reported instruments (The Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale and the Teacher Emotion Inventory) and the participants’ practicum performance scores to test the relationship. Data were dealt using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modelling. As expected, the structural model generally shows that pre-service teachers’ efficacy significantly predicts their practicum performance through their emotions. Teachers with a higher level of efficacy on Instructional Strategies positively predict their practicum performance through more pleasant emotions such as Love and Joy. By contrast, pre-service teachers with a lower level of confidence of Student Engagement tend to experience more unpleasant emotions (e.g. Fear, Sadness, and Anger) and gain lower practicum performance. One interesting link identified is between the efficacy factor Classroom Management and negative emotion Sadness. On the top of these, three emotion dimensions had been identified to relate to their practicum scores, that is, Joy, Love and Anger. The findings concerning the three constructs can provide a new perspective for teacher effectiveness research by taking teacher emotion and efficacy into account.

Effects of aerobic exercise on sad emotion regulation in young women: an electroencephalograph study.

The effects of exercise on cognitive abilities have been studied. However, evidence regarding the neural substrates of sad emotion regulation is limited. Women have higher rates for affective disorders than men, but insufficient outcomes assess how aerobic exercises modulate central frontal activation in sad emotion inhibition and resilience among healthy women. This study investigated the effects of aerobic exercise-related brain activity on sad emotion inhibition processing in young women. Sad facial Go/No-Go and neutral Go/No-Go trials were conducted among 30 healthy young women to examine the changes in the N2 component, which reflects frontal inhibition responses, between pre-exercise and post-exercise periods. The first test was performed before aerobic exercise (baseline; 1st) and the second test was performed during an absolute rest period of 90min after exercise. The sad No-Go stimuli that evoked N200 (N2) event-related potential were recorded and analyzed. The results showed that in the sad No-Go trials, N2 activation at the central-prefrontal cortex was significantly attenuated after exercise compared to the baseline N2 activation. Exercise-modulated N2 activation was not observed in the neutral No-Go trials. The behavioral error rates of sad No-Go trials did not differ between the two experiments. A reduced engagement of central-frontal activation to sad No-Go stimuli was shown after exercise. However, behavioral performance was consistent between the two measurements. The findings scope the benefits of the aerobic exercise on the neural efficiency in responding to sad emotion-eliciting cues as well as adaptive transitions reinstatement for regulatory capabilities in healthy young women.

Emotion makes a difference: Induced sadness reduces preschool boys' sharing behavior

This study investigated how external negative emotional stimuli influenced 5–6-year-old children's (N = 98) sharing behavior. Children were asked to watch a video that induced either sad or neutral emotion and then share stickers simultaneously with poor and wealthy recipients. Compared to the neutral emotion condition, boys shared less, and offered more self-focused reasons for sharing after being induced sad emotions; girls however, shared equally, and provided self-focused and other-focused reasons equally in both emotional conditions. Results indicated that sadness increased children's tendency to defend their own interest in boys but not in girls, which supports the evolutionary “male warrior hypothesis”. In addition, although children indicated that they liked the wealthy recipient better than the poor one, they shared equally between the two recipients, suggesting an early development of equality concern and charity behavior (i.e., care for the disadvantaged individuals). These findings revealed gender differences in the socio-affective processes underlying children's resource allocation and added developmental evidence for the adaptive function of negative emotions.

Children's Anxious Characteristics Predict how their Parents Socialize Emotions.

Emotion socialization by parents contributes to children's trajectories of healthy and unhealthy emotional development, but there has been little research into the determinants and development of parental emotion socialization. We examined whether young children's anxious characteristics, including expressed anxiety with peers and low basal respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), predicted changes in mothers' and fathers' emotion socialization over the subsequent year. Using regression and regions of significance analyses, we observed that children's expressed anxiety moderated the stability of mothers' and fathers' supportive and unsupportive emotion socialization, primarily in ways that would be likely to maintain or exacerbate children's social anxiety. For example, mothers' highly fretful and less supportive responses were more stable when children had been more anxious with peers. Basal RSA moderated the stability of fathers' punitive responses to children's anxious and sad emotions, and directly predicted changes in mothers' neglect of children's anxious and sad emotions, and negative and positive feelings about children's social withdrawal. These effects of children's characteristics on parents' emotions and behaviors support bidirectional and transactional models of the socialization of children's anxiety and internalizing problems, and identify aspects of emotion socialization by parents that could be amenable to intervention.

Theory of mind in benign epilepsy children with centrotemporal spikes

Objective To investigate the theory of mind (TOM)and eye basic emotion recognition in benign epilepsy children with centrotemporal spikes(BECT). Methods Totally 51 BECT patients(BECT group) and 51 healthy controls(control group) were studied by Yoni task and Eye Basic Emotion Discrimination Task (EBEDT). Results ①Compared with healthy controls, BECT got significantly lower score ((54.02±6.03) vs (58.04±5.41), F(1, 100)=10.34, P 0.05), but got significantly lower score in recognizing sadness(M(P25, P75): 16(14, 17) vs 18(15, 19), Z=-3.05, P 0.05). Conclusion BECT children have impairments in sadness and fear emotion recognition and TOM aspects. Key words: Benign epilepsy children with centrotemporal spikes; Theory of mind; Emotion recognition

Derealization and self-harm strategies are used to regulate disgust, fear, and sadness in adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse.

Emotion regulation (ER) difficulties have been identified as an important target for clinical intervention in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in survivors of childhood sexual abuse (CSA). However, there is limited research regarding the use of specific strategies to regulate specific emotions following exposure to traumatic events. The aim of the current study was to investigate the indirect effects of four trauma-related emotions (anger, sadness, disgust, and fear) on PTSD severity via two mediators: derealization and self-harm. In particular, we tested that if the two hypothetical mediators operate sequentially, derealization precedes self-harm and/or self-harm precedes derealization. A predominate female clinical sample (N=109) of CSA survivors completed measures of experience of emotions, ER, and post-traumatic stress. Bivariate and serial mediation analyses were conducted to test the direct and indirect effects of trauma-related emotions on PTSD severity. Serial mediation analyses indicated that there were significant total effects of all trauma-related emotions on PTSD severity. Three trauma-related emotions (sadness, disgust, and fear) were indirectly associated to PTSD severity via derealization and self-harm and via self-harm and derealization. Results indicate that difficulties in regulating the emotions of sadness, disgust, and fear may result in more severe derealization and self-harm as coping strategies, which in turn lead to greater PTSD severity. The sequence of mediators does not hold great importance in these pathways. Overall, our findings suggest that therapeutically targeting derealization and self-harm might enable the reduction of PTSD among CSA survivors.

Dissecting emotion and user influence in social media communities: An interaction modeling approach

Human emotion expressed in social media plays an increasingly important role in shaping policies and decisions. However, the process by which emotion produces influence in online social media networks is relatively unknown. Previous works focus largely on sentiment classification and polarity identification but do not adequately consider the way emotion affects user influence. This research developed a novel framework, a theory-based model, and a proof-of-concept system for dissecting emotion and user influence in social media networks. The system models emotion-triggered influence and facilitates analysis of emotion-influence causality in the context of U.S. border security (using 5,327,813 tweets posted by 1,303,477 users). Motivated by a theory of emotion spread, the model was integrated in an influence-computation method, called the interaction modeling (IM) approach, which was compared with a benchmark using a user centrality (UC) approach based on social positions. IM was found to have identified influential users who are more broadly related to U.S. cultural issues. Influential users tended to express intense emotions of fear, anger, disgust, and sadness. The emotion trust distinguishes influential users from others, whereas anger and fear contributed significantly to causing user influence. The research contributes to incorporating human emotion into the data-information-knowledge-wisdom model of knowledge management and to providing new information systems artifacts and new causality findings for emotion-influence analysis.