Adolescent Emotion Research Articles

Memes in Marketing: Impact on Advertising Literacy and Emotional Experience Among Adolescents

Declining digital marketing metrics often point to a trend of lower interest in advertising and sponsored content. Therefore, creators are finding other ways to spread the advertising message, particularly through native advertising, one option being the use of memes. Memes are an effective and very popular tool for reaching adolescents, but their use requires caution and an understanding of their dynamic and often unpredictable nature. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of memes on social networking sites that have advertising content on adolescents' levels of advertising literacy. The study was conducted through a qualitative neuromarketing study and follow-up personal interviews with a sample of 24 respondents. The results indicate lower levels of advertising literacy among adolescents who, while recognizing the sales intent of the meme image, were unable to identify the sponsor. The results also confirmed that memes can evoke different emotions in adolescents, such as joy, but also anger and frustration. The research findings raise the concern that adolescents are not sufficiently able to navigate safely in the online environment, which is exploited by many companies in their sales techniques. Such adolescents can easily be deceived, misled. This has triggered the need for more intensive media literacy education on the one hand, and the introduction of consistent ethical principles on the other, i.e. on the advertisers' side. Received: 11 March 2024 / Accepted: 20 October 2024 / Published: 05 November 2024

Embodiment of emotions in adolescents’ musical expression

Music has been actively studied from the perspectives of emotional expression and body movement, but not during adolescence. The current study addressed music as a forum for adolescent embodied emotion expression. Based on prior research, we hypothesised that adolescents would be able to differentiate between emotions in their music-related expressive body movements based on valence and arousal characteristics. Participants ( N = 60, 17 male, mean age 14.72 years) played djembe to express five basic emotions (happiness, tenderness, sadness, anger, fear) while body movements were motion captured. Correlations of movement features with emotion-regulation tendencies, as measured by the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), were additionally explored. Adolescents demonstrated great capacity to use all measured movement features to express emotions: movement speed, variance, area and length all differed significantly between emotions. In particular, the results confirm the hypothesised connection of high arousal to high speed and acceleration and further suggest that positive valence relates to wider area and longer performance. In addition, adolescents scoring high on cognitive reappraisal gave faster and more stable performances. We discuss creative body movement as part of youth emotional development.

The role of fathers’ and mothers’ acceptance in adaptive emotion regulation in Chinese preadolescents: Distinguishing between- and within-person effects

The relationship between parental styles and the regulation of emotions in adolescents has been extensively explored in previous research conducted in Western countries. However, the absence of research conducted within the cultural context of China, combined with imprecise methodologies, impedes the empirical validation of this association. This study aims to examine the longitudinal relationship between parental acceptance and preadolescent emotion regulation in the Chinese cultural context, utilizing a cross-lagged panel model with random intercepts. The sample comprised 1987 middle school students, with 56.10 % being male and a mean age of 12.32 years, from Guangdong and Shandong provinces. Participants provided feedback on assessments of parental acceptance and emotion regulation at three time points: the first and final semesters of seventh grade and the initial semester of eighth grade. The findings revealed a significant association between the random intercepts of paternal and maternal acceptance and adaptive emotion regulation in preadolescents at the between-person level. However, no statistically significant within-person cross-lagged effect was observed from parental acceptance to preadolescent adaptive emotion regulation. Similarly, changes in preadolescent emotion regulation did not significantly predict changes in parental acceptance. These findings challenge the tripartite model and suggest that the association between parental acceptance and preadolescent adaptive emotion regulation is predominantly influenced by trait-related factors.

School Refusal Behaviors: The Roles of Adolescent and Parental Factors.

School refusal behaviors in adolescents have deleterious immediate and long-term consequences and are associated with mental ill-health such as anxiety and depression. Understanding factors that place youth at higher risk of school refusal behavior may assist in developing effective management approaches. We investigated parental and adolescent factors that may be associated with school refusal behaviors by specifically focusing on the role of parental and adolescent emotion dysregulation, their anxiety and depression, and parental rearing style. First, we hypothesized that adolescents with school refusal behaviors, as well as their parents, will report higher levels of emotion dysregulation, anxiety, and depression compared to their counterparts without school refusal behaviors. Furthermore, we hypothesized that multivariate models testing the role of parental and child factors concurrently will show that parental (emotion dysregulation, anxiety and depression, and rearing styles) and adolescent (emotion dysregulation, anxiety, and depression) factors are associated with school refusal behaviors. One hundred and six adolescents aged 12 to 18 years and their parents completed an online questionnaire measuring both parental and adolescent emotion dysregulation, anxiety, depression, parental rearing styles, and adolescents' school refusal behaviors. Adolescents with school refusal behaviors reported greater anxiety and depression, with their parents showing greater emotion dysregulation. Multivariate analyses showed that parental emotion dysregulation and adolescent age were associated with school refusal behaviors independently. Future management for school refusal behaviors should consider age-tailored approaches by incorporating training for parental emotion regulation skills.

Understanding Emotions in Adolescents: Validation of the Indonesian Version of the Adolescent Alexithymia Scale

Adolescence, marked by significant changes, often leads to emotional tension and instability associated with alexithymia. This study aimed to validate the Indonesian version of the Adolescent Alexithymia Scale, hypothesizing that its internal structure was unidimensional. Participants included 70 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years (M_age = 16.44; SD = 1.44). Data were collected using the Indonesian version of the Adolescent Alexithymia Scale, consisting of 24 items representing the four alexithymia indicators. The results revealed that the scale has a unidimensional internal structure, with 11 valid items, and sufficient validity and reliability coefficients. These items collectively represent the four main characteristics of alexithymia. The most dominant indicator is the difficulty in identifying and distinguishing between feelings and emotional bodily sensations. This research implies that this scale needs to be tested on different populations and in different contexts.

Momentary autonomic engagement during parent-adolescent conflict: Coping as a moderator of associations with emotions.

Regulatory efforts are hypothesized to affect associations between emotions and physiology (i.e., concordance) to facilitate adaptive functioning. Assessing the role of coping on physiological-emotional concordance during ecologically relevant scenarios can elucidate whether concordance can serve as a biomarker of risk or resilience. The present study assessed self-reported coping as a moderator of minute-to-minute associations between autonomic nervous system activity and emotions (i.e., physiological-emotional concordance) in caregivers (N = 97) and adolescents (N = 97; ages 10-15) during a dyadic conflict task. Models included physiological variables (sympathetic, skin conductance level [SCL]; and parasympathetic, respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA]) and their interaction (SCL × RSA) as predictors of emotions, with coping variables as moderators. Caregivers' use of primary control coping (e.g., problem solving and emotional expression) and secondary control coping (e.g., cognitive reappraisal and acceptance) use in response to family stress predicted more positive emotional experiences during the laboratory conflict task. Adolescents' use of secondary control coping moderated the SCL-emotion association, such that increases in momentary SCL were associated with more positive emotion ratings for youth reporting higher secondary control coping. For youth who report more adaptive trait-level coping skills, momentary changes in SCL may reflect active engagement and attentiveness to facilitate more positive emotional experiences. Findings advance our understanding of the interrelationships between physiological responses and psychological experiences during relevant, interactive scenarios. Autonomic responses are differentially related to affective states depending on the coping strategies that adolescents employ, suggesting that concordance may be associated with intervention targets (i.e., coping skills).

Reactivity of Emotions in Adolescents - Caregivers' Tool (React): Development and Validation of a Novel Parent-Rated Measure for Assessing Emotional Dysregulation in Youth.

Emotional Dysregulation (ED) is characterized by the inability to manage emotions effectively, leading to maladaptive behaviors, and often co-occurs with psychiatric conditions carrying significant long-term consequences. Early diagnosis of ED is thus essential for targeted interventions. To address this need, we developed and validated the "Reactivity of Emotions in Adolescents: Caregivers' Tool" (REACT), a novel parent-rated questionnaire designed to assess ED in adolescents. The present study involved two samples, one drawn from the general population (n = 89 healthy controls from local schools) and the other composed of clinical patients (n = 76 adolescents with different psychiatric and/or neurodevelopmental conditions). Patients' diagnoses were confirmed through the clinical interview K-SADS-PL to explore the presence of any psychopathological conditions. Participants from both groups completed the RIPoSt-Y questionnaire, providing a measure of ED, while their parents filled out the ARI, measuring affective reactivity in youth. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses were performed to refine the questionnaire's internal structure. The final REACT questionnaire consists of 55 items distributed across three subscales, namely Negative Emotionality, Irritability, and Excitability. Psychometric evaluation showed that these subscales demonstrated excellent internal consistency and strong construct validity, with clinical patients scoring higher on all subscales compared to healthy controls. The REACT questionnaire showed also high convergent validity by exhibiting significant positive correlations with established measures of ED. This novel tool represents a valuable improvement in the assessment of ED in adolescence as it may facilitate tailored interventions to provide emotional well-being and long-term outcomes.

Better relationships do not always feel better: Social relationships interact in predicting negative emotions in early adolescence.

How negatively young adolescents feel is central to their well-being. Intuitively, better social relationships should be linked to less negative emotions. This study tested this assumption, using a sample of over 80,000 young adolescents from 32 countries (ages 10-12). Inconsistent with the notion that better social relationships are always related to better emotional experiences, we found that links between negative emotions and adolescents' relationships with friends or teachers critically depend on their relationships with family. When young adolescents had relatively better relationships with family, better relationships with friends or teachers predicted less negative emotions. However, when adolescents had relatively poorer relationships with family, better relationships with friends or teachers predicted more negative emotions. Results were consistent across adolescents' gender, age, culture, or socioeconomic status. Findings suggest that the broader social context should be considered for understanding how specific relationships predict negative emotions in early adolescence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Developing a Tool for Assessing Perceived Parental Socialization of Emotions in Adolescents and Young Adults.

Parenting practices have been described as the practices employed by a parent and the parent-child communication, with the focus on raising a child in the best possible manner while instilling cultural,ethical, and personal values. One similar yet different construct that holds significance in the development of a child is parental socialization of emotion. Parental socialization of emotion is the interaction between the parents and child regarding the emotional experience of the child. This has been considered an essential marker of the development of the emotional and social competence of an individual. There are several scales in the aspect of parenting practices. However, scales for parental socialization of emotionespecially considering the perception of adolescents and young adults have yet to fully be explored. The aim of the study is to establish a comprehensive tool that enables the measurement of perceived parental socialization of emotion (PPSE). The process of tool construction, data collection, and analysis was done in five phases that included reviewing existing tools and identification of domains (Phase 1); generation of an item pool (Phase 2); content validity, face validity, and inter-rater reliability (Phase 3); finalization of the tool for data collection (Phase 4); and data collection and analysis (Phase 5). The study for tool construction included participants from ages 13-28 years representing adolescents and young adults from schools and colleges located in New Delhi, India, as well as Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India. The research designused was a cross-sectional design, and the data were collected through purposive sampling, including males (N = 337) and females (N = 424). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to check the factorability and for item reduction. The results aided in reducing the number of items from 160 to 46 including the process of content validity, inter-rater reliability, item-total statistic, and factor loading of EFA. The factors above the eigenvalue of 3 were retained whileitems above the factor loading of 0.50 were taken into consideration. A good Cronbach's alpha coefficientof 0.88 for the overall tool was established, with 0.89, 0.84, and 0.87 for the domains Awareness, Acceptance, and Coaching, respectively. The scale constructed includes both the positive and negative emotions of an individual and tries to understand the perspective of the receiver of the parenting practice. The study helps in understanding the phenomenon of PPSE, which might also aid in creating awareness regarding efficient parenting practices.

Daily profiles of parents' supportive extrinsic emotion regulation of adolescents' negative emotion.

Parental support for adolescent emotion regulation is critical for adolescents' health. Yet, little is known about parents' daily support of adolescents' emotion regulation. This study aimed to typify daily co-parent supportive extrinsic emotion regulation (EER) profiles directed toward adolescents' daily distress and anger. The sample comprised 153 adolescent-parent triads; adolescents' mean age, 15.71 years (SD = 1.53), 51% girls. Over 7 consecutive days, adolescents self-reported their distress and anger, while parents reported their own negative emotions and their perception of the adolescent's negative emotions. Parents also reported daily on their utilization of seven supportive EER strategies, including problem- and emotion-focused strategies. Multilevel latent profile analysis (MLPA) identified four day-level profiles of parental EER; "low" (40% of days), reflecting low EER efforts of both parents across all EER strategies: "high" (12%), reflecting high EER involvement of both parents across all strategies; "mother-high father-low" (26%), reflecting mothers' high and fathers' low use of all strategies; "father-high mother-average" (22%), reflecting fathers' high use of all strategies, and mothers' low to average use of all strategies. The likelihood of specific EER profiles across days did not associate with daily changes in adolescents' anger. However, on days when adolescents felt more distress, the likelihood of a "high" parental EER profile was significantly greater than "low." Findings suggest a dynamic repertoire of co-parent EER profiles, responsive to adolescent heartfelt emotions but not hostility. The lack of parental EER of adolescents' anger might put adolescents at increased risk for anger escalation and the unhealthy discharge of anger. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Family and parenting factors are associated with emotion regulation neural function in early adolescent girls with elevated internalizing symptoms.

A prominent tripartite model proposes that parent role modeling of emotion regulation, emotion socialization behaviors, and the emotional climate of the family are important for young people's emotional development. However, limited research has examined the neural mechanisms at play. Here, we examined the associations between family and parenting factors, the neural correlates of emotional reactivity and regulation, and internalizing symptoms in early adolescent girls. Sixty-four female adolescents aged 10-12 years with elevated internalizing symptoms completed emotional reactivity, implicit (affect labeling) and explicit (cognitive reappraisal) emotion regulation tasks during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Positive family emotional climate was associated with greater activation in the anterior cingulate and middle temporal cortices during emotional reactivity. Maternal emotion regulation difficulties were associated with increased frontal pole and supramarginal gyrus activation during affect labeling, whereas supportive maternal emotion socialization and positive family emotional climate were associated with activation in prefrontal regions, including inferior frontal and superior frontal gyri, respectively, during cognitive reappraisal. No mediating effects of brain function were observed in the associations between family/parenting factors and adolescent symptoms. These findings highlight the role of family and parenting behaviors in adolescent emotion regulation neurobiology, and contribute to prominent models of adolescent emotional development.

Fostering emotional well-being in adolescents: the role of physical activity, emotional intelligence, and interpersonal forgiveness.

Adolescence is considered a stress-sensitive developmental period, and the escalating and sustained pressure during this phase poses a significant threat to the mental and physical well-being of adolescents. Therefore, enhancing positive emotions in adolescents is crucial. This study aims to investigate the impact of physical activity on the emotional intelligence, interpersonal forgiveness, and positive emotions of adolescents. Using a cluster sampling method, data were collected from 500 adolescents in four schools across the Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Hunan Province, China. A total of 428 valid questionnaires were collected and analyzed. The study employed AMOS v.23 to construct a structural equation model to validate the hypotheses. The results indicate that physical activity significantly influences the emotional intelligence, interpersonal forgiveness, and positive emotions of adolescents. Furthermore, emotional intelligence and interpersonal forgiveness mediate the relationship between physical activity and positive emotions. Based on these findings, collaborative efforts from government agencies, schools, and families are essential to provide robust support for adolescents' participation in physical activity, encouraging more adolescents to actively engage in sports.

Moderators and predictors of treatment outcome following adjunctive internet-delivered emotion regulation therapy relative to treatment as usual alone for adolescents with nonsuicidal self-injury disorder: Randomized controlled trial.

Despite the wide-ranging negative consequences of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), there are few evidence-based treatments for NSSI among adolescents and little is known about what treatments that work best for whom. The objective of this study was to investigate moderators (i.e., for whom a specific treatment works) and predictors (i.e., factors associated with treatment outcome independent of treatment type) of treatment outcome in a randomized clinical trial comparing internet-delivered emotion regulation individual therapy for adolescents (IERITA) plus treatment as usual (TAU) to TAU alone. Adolescents (N=166; mean [SD] age=15.0 [1.2] years) with NSSI disorder were randomized to IERITA plus TAU (n=84) or TAU-only (n=82). Adolescent emotion regulation difficulties, suicidality, NSSI frequency, depressive symptoms, sleep difficulties, global functioning, and age, and parental invalidation, were measured pre-treatment and investigated as moderators and predictors of treatment outcome (i.e., NSSI frequency during treatment and for 4weeks post-treatment). A zero-inflated negative binomial generalized linear mixed effects regression model was used to estimate the rate of NSSI change as a function of both treatment condition and moderator/predictor. No significant moderators of treatment outcome were found. Parental invalidation was a significant predictor of treatment outcome regardless of treatment condition, such that high levels of parental invalidation pre-treatment were associated with a less favorable NSSI frequency. We did not find evidence of a differential treatment effect as a function of any of the examined client factors. Future research should investigate moderation in larger samples and with sufficient statistical power to detect moderation effects of smaller magnitude. Results suggest that parental invalidation may have a negative impact on treatment response and highlight the importance of further investigating parental invalidation in the context of NSSI treatments.

Konsep Video Konten Edukasi Kesehatan Mental untuk Remaja

Mental health is one of the most highlighted health issues by many people around the world. During this time, many adolescents experience mental health problems. The most common mental health problem in adolescents is depression or anxiety. Deviant behavior to harm oneself, as a result of a lack of understanding in the management of adolescent emotions, is one of the reasons why the phenomenon of suicide itself comes from the individual concerned who is experiencing social problems. The purpose of making this video concept is to educate adolescents in understanding emotional management, how to develop themselves in the environment, and provide information and raise awareness of adolescents about the importance of maintaining mental health. In designing this video concept, primary and secondary data were collected from interviews and observations. In analyzing the data, using fishbone analysis and 5W + 1H. In designing the concept of this content video, it pays attention to aspects of its function to educate teenagers that are not boring and easy to understand. For an emotional attachment by providing a color mood according to the background of the situation. There is an explanation of emotional management and self-development in the environment in teenagers which aims to educate teenagers about the importance of mental health for themselves and others. Self-development is needed to explore and increase the potential that exists within teenagers. It is hopefully that the design of mental health educational content videos can provide new insights for adolescents and the messages conveyed can be well received.

A chained mediator model: the effect of physical activity on negative emotions in obese adolescents

A chained mediator model: the effect of physical activity on negative emotions in obese adolescents

The Moderating Role of Poverty on Parenting, Family Climate, and Early Adolescent Emotion Regulation

Among infants and children, family climate (e.g., warmth, cohesion, support) and parent emotion regulation (ER) modeling are found to shape ER development. Few studies have attended to this process during early adolescence, and most have neglected to examine the role of poverty, which creates additional challenges for parents and families. The current study examined the relationship between parent ER strategy use, family climate, and participation in a family intervention on adolescent ER and the moderating role of poverty among early adolescent males ( N = 119; 23% Latino; 55% White). After controlling for baseline adolescent ER difficulties and socio-cultural factors, analyses revealed that poverty moderated the relationship between family emotional climate and adolescent ER. Among early adolescent males, findings suggest that a positive family climate, among those not living in poverty, is key to facilitating adolescent emotion regulation abilities. This relationship warrants further evaluation among adolescent males living in poverty.

Mediating Effect of Loneliness on Anxiety and Smartphone Overdependence among Korean Adolescents: Based on the 16th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey

Background: This study aimed to determine the mediating role of loneliness in the relationship between anxiety and smartphone overdependence among Korean adolescents.Methods: This national cross-sectional secondary study used data from the 16th (2020) Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey. The sample comprised 54,948 adolescents in middle and high schools. The mediating effects were analyzed using the procedure of Baron and Kenny and the Sobel test. Results: Anxiety impacted both loneliness and smartphone overdependence (P<0.001). Additionally, loneliness was identified as a factor influencing smartphone overdependence (P<0.001). Loneliness demonstrated a statistically significant mediating effect in the relationship between anxiety and smartphone overdependence (P<0.001).Conclusions: It was concluded that smartphone overdependence increases with the heightened maladaptive emotions of adolescents, such as anxiety and loneliness. These findings confirmed the mediating role of loneliness in the relationship between anxiety and smartphone overdependence.

Temporal Asymmetry of Pleasant and Unpleasant Feelings Among Chinese Adolescents

Previous studies have shown that anticipation induces more emotions than retrospection, known as temporal emotion asymmetry. However, the majority of previous studies have been confined to Western contexts. Eastern populations tend to emphasize the past more than their Western counterparts and may exhibit distinct forms of temporal emotion asymmetry. Therefore, we conducted an investigation involving Chinese adolescents. Our research encompassed two experiments, investigating Chinese adolescents’ temporal emotion asymmetry from a self-perspective (Experiment 1; N = 124) and an other-perspective (Experiment 2; N = 162). Participants were prompted to retrospect and anticipate events that elicited pleasant or unpleasant feelings. The results revealed that, whether from a self-perspective or an other-perspective, retrospection of past positive events elicited greater pleasure than the anticipation of future positive events. However, concerning adverse events, under a self-perspective, anticipation induced more displeasure than retrospection (Experiment 1); under an other-perspective, retrospection induced more displeasure than anticipation (Experiment 2). Our findings provide some support for the construal level theory, fading affect bias, and mobilization-minimization hypothesis of event cognition. Based on these results, retrospection seems to be a potential means for regulating the emotions of Chinese adolescents.

The Relationships Between Stressors, Emotion and Sport Performance of Adolescents

This article analyzes the stressors and the emotions which influence adolescents’ sport performance. Then a relationship model of stressors, emotion and sport performance was established. The weighting values between the factors in the model were determined through a questionnaire. The results show that the effect of stressors on sport performance is reflected through emotional responses. The degree of influence of each emotional factor on sports performance was, in descending order, concentration, sense of achievement, confidence, and anxiety. Finally, some measures of response to improve sport performance are proposed.

Relationships Between Types of Positive Emotions in Post-Pandemic Adolescents: Specialized Documentary Review

Relationships Between Types of Positive Emotions in Post-Pandemic Adolescents: Specialized Documentary Review