Emotional Engagement Research Articles

SELF-DIRECTED Learning Aptitude and Engagement of Students on Virtual REALITY TECHNOLOGY in A UNIVERSITY IN Jiangxi Province, China

This study aims to explore the relationship between Nanchang Institute of Technology students' self-directed learning ability and virtual reality technology participation. Research results show that students' self-directed learning abilities (including self-management, motivation, and self-monitoring) are significantly related to behavioral, cognitive, and emotional engagement with virtual reality technology. The age factor has a significant impact on students' self-directed learning ability evaluation, while the gender and grade factors have no significant impact. The self-directed learning approach in virtual reality technology enhances student engagement and provides a more autonomous and immersive learning experience. The study recommends that educators and designers incorporate elements that promote self-management, motivation, and self-monitoring into VR learning environments to improve overall student engagement and learning outcomes.

Religion, culture, and identity: the generational evolution of identification with Buddhism from the perspective of young Chinese Indonesians

ABSTRACT This study aims to explore the generational shifts in identification with Buddhism from the perspective of young Chinese Indonesians. The study combines quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to collect data from 257 respondents spanning three generations (grandparents, parents, and children) across 10 provinces in Indonesia. The findings indicate a general trend of generational decline in Identification with Buddhism among Chinese Indonesians. Identification with Buddhist symbols declines most rapidly, while recognition of Buddhist behavioural patterns shows the least decline. The alignment with Buddhist values and perceptions initially changes slowly but accelerates in decline over time. Additionally, there is a negative correlation between Buddhist identity and emotional engagement, reflecting complex intergenerational dynamics. The analysis also reveals significant effects of regional differences, community relationships, and familial occupational backgrounds on the decline in levels of Identification with Buddhism.

THE MODERATING ROLE OF TELECOMMUTING ON THE NODE OF EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT, ITS DIMENSIONS AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE

Objective: To investigate the moderating effect of telecommuting on the relationship between employee engagement, its physical, cognitive, and emotional dimensions, and employee performance within the South African Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector. Theoretical Framework: This study adopted the Employee Engagement theory and Social Exchange Theory which provide a basis for understanding the variables under study. Method: A quantitative research design was adopted. An online survey was utilised to collect data. A combination of non-probability sampling methods was employed to gather a total of 478 complete responses from employees in the South African ICT sector. The data was analyzed using a range of statistical tools, including structural equation modelling, to derive empirical insights and test the proposed hypotheses. Results and Discussion: The results reveal that telecommuting moderates the relationship between cognitive engagement and employee performance, as well as the relationsip between emotional engagement and employee performance. However, telecommuting did not moderate the relationship between physical engagement and performance, nor the relationship between employee engagement and performance. These findings suggest that telecommuting enhances employee performance primarily through its impact on cognitive engagement and emotional engagement. Research Implications: The study's findings imply that organizations, particularly in developing economies, should tailor their remote work policies to strengthen cognitive and emotional engagement among employees to optimize performance outcomes. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence on the moderating role of telecommuting in the relationship between different dimensions of employee engagement and performance within the ICT sector in South Africa.

Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence, Occupational Well-Being, and Work Engagement Among Chinese Clinical Nurses

PurposeTo identify the relationship between emotional intelligence, occupational well-being, and work engagement among Chinese clinical nurses MethodsThis cross-sectional study is based on survey responses provided by 1744 registered nurses from a Chinese hospital. The survey utilized emotional intelligence, occupational well-being, and work engagement scales. ResultsA questionnaire was distributed to nurses, and among them, 1744 (99.1 %) filled it in. Work engagement was related to demographic characteristics. The nurses’ work engagement score was 28.99±5.46. Correlation analysis showed that work engagement was positively correlated with emotional intelligence (r=0.621-0.826, p<0.01) and occupational well-being (r=0.589-0.788, p<0.01). ConclusionsThe current work engagement of nurses in China is at a medium level. It is influenced by emotional intelligence and occupational well-being.

Look at me! The museographic project beneath the Italian Museum of Planetary Sciences in Prato (Italy)

Designing museum exhibitions is a hot topic for architects, designers, museologists, and scholars since museography represents a powerful tool for valorizing collections, promoting education, communicating cultural values, and ensuring suitable conservation conditions for the exhibited specimens. This is especially true for museums displaying authentic objects which are conveyors of scientific, cultural, social, and ethical values. In particular, natural history and science museums often compete with the leisure industry, and thus their museographic solutions have to meet more and more demanding requirements to increase visitor engagement. This paper describes the museographic concepts beneath the Italian Museum of Planetary Sciences in Prato (Italy, hereinafter MISP). MISP is the only museum in Italy entirely devoted to illustrating planetary sciences and displays important collections of extraterrestrial materials (meteorites, tektites, and impactites). The exhibition layout, characterized by a continuous wall belt design, recalls the outer space while providing non-invasive visual means to improve visitors’ emotional engagement with the displayed specimens. MISP museographic strategies also outline the importance of spatial designs and transpositions focusing on the illustration of the exhibited collections, thus going against some current museographic practices emphasizing, for example, the use of augmented reality and digital stimuli.Graphical abstract

Examining learners’ cognitive processes and learning emotions in digital game-based vocabulary learning: evidence from eye-tracking technology and facial emotion recognition

Purpose This research explored the intersection of cognitive processes, emotions and their impacts on digital game-based vocabulary learning (DGVL) among university students. Recognizing the scant research in this area, especially with integrating innovative technologies, this study aims to understand the influence of these elements using advanced monitoring tools. Design/methodology/approach This inquiry was carried out as an observational study involving 44 university students segmented into three English language proficiency levels: high, intermediate and low based on their English course scores. The methodological tools included a portable eye tracker to observe visual behaviors and deep learning technology to identify and analyze the participants’ emotional responses and engagement with the DGVL during the learning process. Findings The results showed that distinct fixation sequences and variations in visual attention during DGVL were correlated with different levels of competency, suggesting a direct correlation between visual engagement and language competence. In addition, emotional transitions, predominantly from engagement (“flow”) to challenge (“frustration”), were common among participants, reflecting the emotional dynamics of learning. Furthermore, all participants consistently focused on the English vocabulary definitions, indicative of their targeted approach to understanding and test preparation. These findings highlighted the intricate dynamics between emotions and cognitive processes in learning environments. Originality/value Contribution of this study shows the interplay of cognitive engagement and emotional experiences in the context of DGVL. It underscored the complex nature of these factors and their collective influence on learners’ visual and emotional engagement, offering valuable implications for educational strategies and technological applications in language learning.

Exploring Cross-Cultural Teacher Perspectives on Student Engagement in Virtual Learning Environments During The COVID-19 Pandemic

The rapid transition to emergency remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic posed challenges for teachers, students, and higher education institutions, impacting students' learning and engagement in the learning process. Based on Self-Determination Theory, this paper employs a collective case study research methodology to examine teachers' strategies for supporting students' learning and engagement in virtual learning environments during emergency remote teaching in the pandemic era, with the goal of offering guidelines to assist teachers in fostering student learning and engagement in these virtual settings. The inductive thematic analysis of eight semi-structured interviews with teachers from Spain, Oman, Nigeria and Cambodia revealed some challenges faced by teachers in engaging their students in virtual environments and some teaching and support strategies that teachers adopted to enhance students’ engagement in virtual classrooms. The study synthesised a set of strategies for teachers in higher education to support students’ engagement and learning in online environments. Teachers’ autonomy, structure and involvement support strategies had a behavioural, emotional, cognitive, and agentic engagement on students’ learning process. The paper discussed limitations and future research endeavours in online teaching and learning and students’ engagement.

Predictors of emotional engagement in doctoral education

ABSTRACT The study of learning/research engagement in doctoral education has aroused increasing interest among education researchers, given its influence on PhD candidates’ experiences and outcomes. However, even if doctoral education has been recognised as emotionally intense, there is still a gap in the literature regarding the emotional dimension of engagement. This study aims to analyse the predictors of emotional engagement of PhD candidates enrolled in Portuguese higher education institutions. Data was collected through a survey and analysed using multiple linear regression and mediation analysis. Results showed that emotional engagement was fostered by autonomy-focused supervision, perceived relevance of the research project, personal development motivation, and inclusive academic context; and was hindered by professional motivation. Furthermore, our results showed that autonomy-focused supervision mediated the relationship between inclusive or competitive context and emotional engagement. This study reinforces that doctoral education has a strong emotional component and that promoting positive experiences should be an ethical imperative. As such, developing supervisors’ competencies and practices that nurture the autonomy of PhD candidates requires inclusive research contexts and working conditions that allow supervisors to dedicate the necessary time and effort to support their supervisees. It also draws attention to the need to choose research topics perceived as relevant by PhD candidates and manage motivations and expectancies.

Plot dan Pemlotan Pada Novel 'Kereta Semar Lembu' Karya Zaky Yamani

This study examines the plot and narrative structuring in Zaky Yamani’s novel “Kereta Semar Lembu”, a contemporary literary work offering a complex and innovative narrative. The background of this research focuses on the importance of understanding how plot structure and narrative techniques can affect readers' experiences and emotional engagement. The aim of the study is to analyse the main plot elements of the novel and to explore the narrative techniques used to build tension and climax. The research methods employed include structural and narrative analysis. Structural analysis identifies and outlines plot components such as exposition, conflict, climax, and resolution, while narrative analysis explores narrative techniques such as mixed and episodic plotting. The primary data source is the novel *Kereta Semar Lembu*, with data collection procedures involving in-depth reading and recording of narrative techniques. The main findings indicate that Yamani effectively uses mixed and episodic plotting techniques to create a dynamic and tension-filled narrative. Flashbacks and episodic structure enrich the story, providing emotional depth and building tension towards a satisfying climax. The study concludes that the narrative techniques used in the novel not only enhance the narrative structure but also improve the overall reading experience. The research suggests conducting comparative studies with other works to gain deeper insights into the evolution of narrative techniques in contemporary Indonesian literature.

Theme Design for Restaurant

Restaurant industry has become very dynamic and competitive and the role of theme design has become a significant means to differentiate and create a memorable dining experience. This research explores the various aspects of restaurant theme design, including its impact on customer perceptions, emotional engagement, and overall business success. The research also includes the role of graphic design in making the theme design for a restaurant. The study discovers the importance of aligning the theme design with the menu offerings, ambiance, and brand identity, highlighting the need for an effective and impressive dining experience. There are so many findings that a well-executed theme design can lead to enhanced customer satisfaction, increased customer loyalty, and positive recommendations. The research also delves into some of the failures of themes for restaurants and failure of menu design. It highlights on the importance of color schemes and how to select a right color according to the theme of the restaurant. Thus, strategies to overcome the challenges and maximizing the benefits of a thematic approach is also included in the study. Thus, this research contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing an extensive understanding of the role of theme design in the restaurant industry. It offers practical implications for restaurant owners and managers seeking to enhance their establishments overall appeal, create lasting customer connections, and drive business growth through thoughtful and strategic theme design.

Impact of health science popularization videos on user perceived value and continuous usage intention: based on the C-A-C and ECM model framework.

To enhance individuals' sustained intention to use health science popularization videos, this study investigated the path relationships and influencing mechanisms of health science popularization video factors on users' perceived value, expectancy confirmation, enjoyment, satisfaction, trust, and continuous usage intention based on the cognitive-affective-conative and expectation-confirmation model theoretical framework. This study adopted a cross-sectional design and collected data using self-administered questionnaires. The hypotheses were analyzed using the smart partial least squares (Smart-PLS) structural equation modeling method with a dataset containing 503 valid responses. Subsequently, comprehensive data analysis was conducted. Blogger and video quality factors present in health science popularization videos substantially influenced users' perceived value (p < 0.001). Furthermore, users' expectancy confirmation exerted a positive influence on both users' perceived value (p < 0.001) and satisfaction (p < 0.01). Perceived value, in turn, positively impacted satisfaction (p < 0.001) and pleasure (p < 0.001). User satisfaction (p < 0.001) and pleasure (p < 0.001) directly enhanced trust, which, in turn, significantly and directly impacted continuous usage intention (p < 0.001). This study offers both theoretical and practical insights into enhancing the quality of health science popularization videos. From a theoretical perspective, it expands upon the cognitive-affective-conative and expectation-confirmation model theoretical frameworks, enriches the theoretical model, and offers theoretical references for future research in this domain. From a practical perspective, enhancing the overall quality of health science popularization content significantly influences users' perceived value, emotional engagement, and continued usage intention to engage with the content.

Factors affecting the aesthetic experiences in educational games: A qualitative investigation

Aesthetics play a pivotal role in enriching the learning experience and are indispensable for fostering optimal educational environments. This study aims to identify the factors that shape aesthetic experiences within educational gaming contexts. Employing a qualitative methodology, data were scrutinized through inductive content analysis. A review of pertinent literature on aesthetic elements from 1994 to 2022 yielded 250 selected resources. Subsequently, based on purposive sampling, 108 sources were analyzed. These sources were systematically coded and recorded in a table as key phrases pertaining to the key components of elements of game aesthetics. In the final phase, eight faculty members with expertise in educational technology and art, specializing in educational games, evaluated the factors influencing aesthetic experiences. Their collective expertise affirmed the face and content validity of the identified factors. The findings revealed six key factors that significantly shape the aesthetic experience in educational games. These factors are instrumental in fostering player immersion, as they significantly influence attention, visualization, and emotional engagement. The findings also highlight the imperative for game designers and developers to incorporate these factors into future educational games to enhance the quality of game-based learning.

KANO+QFD 모델을 기반으로 IoT 반려묘 음수기의 디지털 터미널 디자인 방향 제안

The pet supplies market is witnessing a gradual expansion, with a particularly notable increase in demand for intelligent IoT-based pet management products. In this context, consumer demands are shifting from mere interest to desires for experiences and emotional engagements. This study aims to address the prevalent issue in the current market where the majority of pet water dispensers focus solely on basic functionalities, neglecting deep user experience design. The research begins by constructing a user journey map to analyze the behavioral paths of users interacting with mobile and IoT water dispensers, thereby deriving user needs. Subsequently, a qualitative analysis based on the Kano model is conducted to determine the priorities of user satisfaction and requirements, and a Quality Function Deployment(QFD) chart is developed to analyze and quantify the importance of design requirements. The findings indicate that the importance weights of water intake statistics design requirements and water quality monitoring feedback design requirements are the highest, becoming key design considerations in the digital end-to-end system design process. Therefore, this study proposes a design direction for the IoT smart drinking system platform through the combined application of the Kano and QFD models, offering guidance on the remote user end system design for IoT pet water dispensers from a user needs perspective.

ENHANCING STUDENTS’ ENGAGEMENT IN FLSP CLASS: THE IMPACT OF NEARPOD

This quasi-experimental study investigates the effectiveness of Nearpod, a student-response-system, on elevating student engagement in Foreign Language for Specific Purposes (FLSP) classes. Utilizing Nearpod's interactive features to deliver the materials and activities through a shareable link, the study aimed to create a dynamic and immersive learning experience. The study involved 74 students from an FLSP course, divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group were taught using Nearpod while the control group received regular instructions. Engagement levels were measured using a self-report questionnaire based on Wang et al. (2016), encompassing four domains of student engagement. The Mann-Whitney U-Test revealed that Nearpod significantly increased overall student engagement (U = 263.500, p &lt; .05). Notably, behavioral, emotional, and social engagement showed significant improvements, while cognitive engagement did not (U = 450.500, p &gt; .05). This empirical results show that Nearpod significantly enhances overall student engagement and positively impacts behavioral, emotional, and social engagement in FLSP integrated classes. However, cognitive engagement remains unaffected, suggesting a need for further exploration of strategies to address this aspect.This research provides valuable insights for language instructors, highlighting the potential of technology to foster engaging and interactive learning environments.

The Museum Journey: Phenomenological Exploration of User Experience in the Bahrain National Museum

The design of museums has significantly evolved over the years, from simple exhibitions of artifacts to immersive andinteractive experiences. This paper explores the pivotal role of architectural phenomenology in shaping visitor’sexperience in museum design. We aim to achieve this goal by adopting a qualitative research approach of the BahrainNational Museum. The museum is an excellent example of how architectural phenomenology can cater to creating aspace that has meaning beyond its physical dimensions. By analyzing the museum's design elements, we identify keycontributors to the emotional and intellectual engagement of visitors with the museum environment. The findingsreveal that incorporating phenomenology principles has significantly elevated the overall design quality of the museumand provides visitors with a unique and immersive experience that highlights Bahrain's rich history and culturalheritage. Ultimately, this knowledge can inform future museum designers and professionals, leading to more effectiveand rewarding experiences for museum visitors.

Impact of Self-Oriented Perfectionism on Academic Engagement among University Students

This study investigated the relationship between self-oriented perfectionism and academic engagement among university students. Self-oriented perfectionism involves having exceedingly high standards and expectations for oneself. Academic engagement measures students' academic effort and investment both inside and outside the classroom. The sample size was justified using G*Power to determine the required number of participants. A sample of (N=550) university students aged 18-35 years,300 male and 250 female (M=75.25, SD=318.96) was recruited through convenience sampling. Participants completed two questionnaires the Self-Oriented Perfectionism scale and the Academic Engagement scale. Questionnaire data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0. The results showed a significant positive correlation between self-oriented perfectionism and overall academic engagement in university students. Self-oriented perfectionism also had a significant positive impact on students' emotional engagement specifically. These findings suggest that self-oriented perfectionistic predispositions may motivate greater involvement and investment in academics. The study provides insight for students, educators, parents, and counselors on how perfectionistic traits can increase academic engagement. Further research is needed to expand on these findings. However, this study indicates that self-oriented perfectionism may have some benefits for enhancing students' intellectual efforts and identity. Encouragement to adaptive perfectionism could be a potential area of intervention to improve academic outcomes.

On the function of teacher professional development (TPD) programs in improving language teachers’ engagement in online education environments: voices from Chinese English teachers

Given the integral role of teacher engagement in the efficiency of education, factors contributing to increased teacher engagement have always been at the forefront of researchers’ attention. Simply put, great attention has been dedicated to the predictors of teachers’ physical, cognitive, and emotional engagement in classroom contexts. However, factors predicting teachers’ engagement in online classes have somehow been neglected. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, no inquiry has considered the role of teacher professional development programs in language teachers’ engagement. To address these gaps, this study looked into the determinants of teacher engagement in virtual language courses and the function of professional development programs in increasing Chinese teachers’ engagement in online English classes. To accomplish this, an open-ended inventory was given to 37 Chinese English teachers. The thematic analysis of the dataset indicated that most of the participants perceived extrinsic factors such as user-friendly platforms, effective professional development programs, and principals’ transformational leadership to be more influential in teacher engagement. Data analysis also showed the majority of respondents viewed professional development programs to be highly effective in promoting teacher work engagement. The outcomes may be instructive for all teachers and educational principals working in online education environments.

New ways of working and psychological well-being: work intensity as a target variable of job resources

PurposeDigitalization and flexibility of workplaces as aspects of new ways of working are associated both positively and negatively with employees’ well-being. However, the mechanisms behind this relationship are not clear yet. We present work intensity as a link between new ways of working and psychological well-being. Furthermore, we address two job resources to alter this association: autonomy and boundary control.Design/methodology/approachOverall, 1,099 employees of a public administration organization participated in the survey and answered a web-based questionnaire. The organization was in the transition to new ways of working including the introduction of a digital filing system and remote work.FindingsThe results of regression analyses provided evidence that flexibility and dissolution of boundaries were positively related to work intensity, which in turn was associated with emotional exhaustion and work engagement. Thus, new ways of working were negatively associated with psychological well-being, mediated by work intensity. Further analyses revealed that the job resources of autonomy and boundary control moderated the relationship between flexibility respectively dissolution of boundaries with work intensity. Thus, these job resources acted as buffering factors and mitigated the association of new ways of working with work intensity.Originality/valueThe results indicated that work intensity could be perceived as a conceptual bridge between new ways of working and psychological well-being providing a promising target variable for the deployment of job resources to preserve employees’ well-being.

Exploring Harmful Illocutionary Forces Expressed by Older Adults with and Without Alzheimer’s Disease: A Multimodal Perspective

Abstract This study examines the multimodal pragmatic abilities of older adults experiencing typical aging in contrast to those with Alzheimer’s disease, via the statistical and comparative analysis of harmful illocutionary forces expressed in their discourse. The results indicated that individuals with Alzheimer’s disease showed a noticeable lack of emotional engagement, which hindered the felicity of illocutionary forces. Furthermore, these patients struggled to use appropriate prosodic indicators, alongside a diminished integration of conventional gestures. Highlighting the significance of multimodal illocutionary force indicators in speech acts, this study contributes to a more intricate comprehension of interpersonal communication.

The role of knowledge, attitude, and emotions in Spanish pre-service teachers’ willingness to engage in climate change education

ABSTRACT This paper provides insights into the indirect effect of subject matter knowledge on the pre-service teachers’ mitigation action of willingness to include climate change in their future teaching practices. Mediation analysis was conducted to assess the mediating role of emotions and attitudes on direct and indirect mitigation actions with a nationally representative sample of 889 pre-service teachers from Spain. The results show that subject matter knowledge has an indirect effect on pre-service teachers’ willingness to teach and is mediated by emotions and attitudes. Mediation analysis also revealed a relationship between emotional engagement and mitigation actions: students who experience stronger emotions are more likely to take direct and indirect mitigation action, but a more environmentally friendly lifestyle (direct mitigation) is not associated with willingness to engage in climate change education (indirect mitigation). We conclude that educators should consider emotions and attitudes when implementing climate change education.