Emotional Well-being Research Articles

The blue sky of AI-assisted language assessment: autonomy, academic buoyancy, psychological well-being, and academic success are involved

Artificial intelligence (AI) transforms the educational landscape by radically changing how lessons are taught and students are evaluated. In light of these facts, it is critical to consider learners’ emotional and mental wellness as the building blocks of education. Given these facts, it is imperative to consider learners’ emotional and mental well-being as the fundamental components of education. The key goal of this investigation was to investigate the relationships between learner autonomy (LA), academic buoyancy (AB), psychological well-being (PW), and academic success (AS) in Intelligent Computer-Assisted Language Assessment (ICALA). The current study was conducted on a cohort of 391 students registered in courses at private language institutions in Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia, who were at the intermediate proficiency level. The following instruments were administered: the Academic Buoyancy Scale, the learner autonomy instrument, the learner psychological well-being, and the academic assessment. Then, to evaluate data and quantify the interaction between LA, AB, PW, and AS, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) were applied. The findings underscored the significance of LA and AB in achieving a balance in the PW of EFL pupils, particularly when utilizing ICALA for language acquisition. Additionally, the instructional implications of this study and potential avenues for future research are extensively investigated.

Addressing the Overlapping Challenges of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) and Persistent Postural-Perceptual Dizziness (PPPD): Impacts and Integrated Management.

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) are challenging vestibular disorders with overlapping symptoms that complicate diagnosis and treatment. BPPV causes transient vertigo with head movements, while PPPD involves persistent dizziness and unsteadiness. Both significantly impact the quality of life, including emotional well-being. This review examines the relationship between BPPV and PPPD, stressing the need for comprehensive, multidisciplinary management. Effective treatment must address both physical and psychological aspects, using personalized care, technological innovations, and patient education to improve outcomes and enhance the quality of life for those affected.

Interpersonal Curiosity: A Missing Construct in the Field of Human Development

Children demonstrate a remarkable capacity for both intellectual and interpersonal curiosity, reflecting their desires to know about the physical, material, and natural world and about the thoughts, feelings, and experiences of other people. Yet the study of curiosity and its educational applications have focused almost exclusively on the former, even though interpersonal curiosity may be critical for social emotional learning, human connection, and the capacity to understand and take the perspective of others. In this paper, we review the research on intellectual and interpersonal curiosity, focusing on the latter and including our own research that indicates that it is associated with social emotional wellbeing, academic engagement, and a sense of common humanity (Author, 2023; Authors, 2024). We also review research on how ecological contexts (e.g., of families and schools) shape curiosity, how contextual variation may lead to individual variation (i.e., by gender and age), and offer directions for future research.

Who engages in well-being interventions? An analysis of a global digital intervention study

ABSTRACT Despite growing interest in interventions aimed at enhancing emotional well-being, little research has addressed the question of engagement. This study explored engagement in a 7-day online well-being intervention study involving 24,180 participants from 195 countries/territories (78% female, M age = 49, 62% White). Following an onboarding survey, participants completed a morning well-being practice and an evening follow-up survey for the week. Overall, 76% of the participants initiated the intervention (i.e. returned to the platform after enrollment to start the intervention), completing an average of four daily practices. Several demographic (e.g. being older, White) and psychological variables (e.g. lower financial strain, higher life satisfaction) emerged as common predictors of initiating the intervention and completing more practices. Age was a particularly important predictor across outcomes. These findings offer novel insights into how individual characteristics relate to engagement in online well-being interventions and have implications for both designing the interventions and interpreting findings.

Promoting social and emotional learning (SEL) in settings through emotion coaching practice: a model of engagement for practitioner use

ABSTRACT Emotion Coaching (EC) is a universal, relational approach focussed on promoting emotional wellbeing through attuned relationships. Adults coregulate children to understand different emotions they experience, why they occur and how to manage them. EC was introduced into UK educational settings in 2010 to promote children’s social and emotional learning (SEL) and build resiliency. With evidence of child and practitioner benefit, it is an adaptable ‘technique’ to manage dysregulated children and emotional situations. This paper, reports on educational practitioners’ EC experience. An inductive study, using semi-structured interviews, captured experiences and perceptions of 21, EC trained practitioners. Using constructivist grounded theory, analysis identified the fundamental role of the practitioner’s emotional identity and emotional awareness; recognised practice integration was influenced by practice opportunity and reflection with colleagues and acknowledged the need for managerial support to normalise and sustain EC in settings. With use, practitioner emotional awareness increased, suggesting modification in emotional identity, creating the opportunity to reaffirm, reconsider and re-engage in practice. Integration of EC practice was viewed as an ongoing journey, being described as ‘a way of being and a way of becoming’. The model of EC engagement conceptualised practice integration as a recursive cycle, starting and returning to the practitioner, with sequential, incremental stages. Through attuned child and adult interactions, EC confers, normalises and sustains symbiotic advantage. The model proposed is a practical tool, to guide planning, delivery and monitoring of practice integration.

Quality of life in patients with skull base meningiomas treated with microsurgery: a prospective observational study.

Skull base meningiomas are chronic conditions that can present with a wide variety of symptoms ranging from near normalcy to chronic and prolonged disability and also often worsen by treatment-related sequelae. Hence, it is necessary to investigate the quality of life (QOL) among patients with skull base meningioma and evaluate the impact of microsurgery on their overall well-being. In this prospective observational study, 36 patients undergoing microsurgery for skull base meningioma were assessed for QOL using SF-36 questionnaires. Results were compared to the QOL of 36 patients with a non-neurosurgical chronic disease (diabetes mellitus) and 36 matched healthy volunteers. This study commenced from 2019 and ended in 2022. All QOL parameters in skull base meningioma patients were preoperatively significantly worse than in the healthy population. The most affected QOL domain were role limitation due to physical health (RLPH) and role limitation due to emotional problems (RLEP). Within one year after surgery, skull base meningioma patients showed a significant improvement of all QOL parameters. The domains of physical functioning (PF), emotional well-being (EWB), body pain (BP) and general health (GH) improved to similar values as their matched healthy controls. However, social functioning (SF), RLPH, and RLPE remained still significantly affected. Compared to chronic diabetic patients, the domains PF, EWB, BP, and GH showed significantly better QOL values after one year in skull base meningioma patients, but RLEP and RLPH were worse. Microsurgery can significantly improve all QOL domains in skull base meningioma patients within one year. Physical activity, overall health, and mental well-being have been observed to return to even normal levels. While certain QOL domains may still be affected post-microsurgery, it is evident that microsurgery can yield a substantial improvement, ultimately raising QOL to levels surpassing those seen in other non-neurosurgical chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus.

Parental burnout assessment: Validation in Indonesian parents

ObjectiveIn the last fifteen years, there has been a growing global focus on parental burnout due to its negative impact on parents, partners, and children. The Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA) is the established measurement to assess parental burnout and has been validated in various languages. Nevertheless, the Indonesian version of PBA is not available. The present study validated the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA) in Indonesian parents. MethodsData were analyzed with 679 Indonesian parents (mothers= 593, fathers= 86) aged 22–66 (mean= 38.07, SD= 7.91). Participants were recruited through social media. ResultsConfirmatory Factor Analysis confirmed a good fit of data confirming the original four-factor model (CFA (χ2 (679=959.553, df=212, p = .000; CFI=0.93; GFI=0.894; RMSEA= 0.072; CI=0.067; 0.077; SRMR = 0.05; TLI= 0.917). Results revealed good internal consistency for the overall score (α = 0.93) and its dimensions (emotional exhausted= 0.86; contrast= 0.86; feeling of being fed up= 0.89), except for emotional distancing (α = 0.53). The Indonesian version of PBA also revealed good psychometric properties for construct validity, with measures of emotional well-being, parenting stress, and aloneliness (rpositive affect= -0.58; rnegative affect= 0.60; rparental stress= 0.64; raloneliness= 0.59). ConclusionThe results support its relevance for assessing parental burnout among Indonesian-speaking parents, offering new opportunities for cross-cultural research and clinical diagnosis in the parenting domain. Our research confirms the reliability and validity of the Indonesian adaptation of the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA-ID). These findings underscore the relevance of the PBA-ID within the Indonesian setting, offering significant implications for mental health assessment and intervention strategies.

An interactive technology-based emotion recognition intervention for children with developmental language disorder: A longitudinal mixed-method study

ABSTRACT Recent studies have shown that children with developmental language disorder (DLD) often face challenges in emotion recognition (ER) skills, which impacts their social and behavioural outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a flexible online intervention in meeting the individual needs of children with DLD, focusing on ER skills. The study also sought to explore the impact of the ER intervention on the emotional well-being of children with DLD. A longitudinal mixed-method design was conducted with 10 children with DLD, employing a weekly assessment and comprehensive pre- and post-assessments to pinpoint specific ER challenges and changes. Weekly phone calls (WPC) were also used to follow-up on participants’ progress and understanding of changes in ER skills. Individual analysis revealed that varied use of intervention phases and degrees of improvement were identified as families were flexible in this program. The intervention results highlighted significant improvements in basic vocal ER skills and emotional problems among children with DLD. Clinical implications include integrating targeted ER interventions into DLD intervention programs and identifying specific areas of difficulty for individualised support.

Analysis of Tax Compliance: Utilizing the Theory of Planned Behavior and Cognitive Dissonance Theory Approaches

This research aims to investigate the social psychological influence of taxpayers on tax compliance behavior, focusing on individuals’ thoughts, emotions, and actions. This study investigates how attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control affect individuals’ tax compliance intention, and how this compliance intention influences tax compliance behavior. The research also examines the role of emotionality and spirituality as moderators between compliance intention and tax compliance behavior. The research employed convenience sampling on Madura Island and gathered 177 respondents. The research employed the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique. This study discovered a notable correlation between attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control in relation to compliance intention. The compliance intention does not influence tax compliance behavior. The moderating effect of spirituality also does not enhance the relationship between compliance intention and tax compliance behavior. However, emotionality effectively moderated the relationship between compliance intention and tax compliance behavior. Emotionality can undermine tax compliance behavior due to the taxpayer experiencing hurt feelings or intolerable emotions. This study has significant implications for tax authorities in preserving taxpayers’ emotional well-being through a professional manner.

Older people in the world of esport: a qualitative study

IntroductionThe inclusion of older players in the gaming world is growing rapidly, leading to the emergence of specific categories for them at major esport events. The aim of this study is to analyze the psychological issues faced by older people when engaging with the competitive context of esport.Materials and methodsThe study was conducted in 2021 within the French association Silver Geek, which offers digital workshops using Nintendo Wii consoles to older people living in retirement homes and organizes annual amateur competitions between teams of older adults. This qualitative study involved 16 participants (eight women, eight men) aged 63 to 97 years. Semi-structured interviews were used to explore the motivations, emotional well-being, and social impact of esport on older people.ResultsThe results show that older people who participate in esport are motivated by the discovery and mastery of new game skills, as well as the pleasure of performance through social comparison. All experience a psychological well-being that translates into intense positive emotions. Moreover, the esport context, whether during the pre-competition workshops or the competitions themselves, proved to be a strong vector for positive social relationships, especially with the young e-sports coaches. However, this activity had little impact on existing family relationships.ConclusionThis study highlights the potential of esport as a recreational activity to promote mental health and social integration in older adults. The challenge for future research is to identify the levers that will enable this activity to become a true medium for intergenerational communication.

The Impact of Social Media on Romantic Relationships in China

The vast majority of people worldwide regularly access social media on their smartphones. The increasing popularity of social media has undoubtedly impacted people's social relationships and is gradually becoming a new hotspot for research in communication, sociology, and psychology. This study sought to understand to what extent social media has affected the emotional health and relationships of real-life couples, utilizing several literature reviews and factual case studies. The study's results suggest that an individual's likelihood of experiencing negative effects on their overall emotional well-being and declining quality in their romantic relationships was positively correlated with the amount of time they spent on social media. Social media can contribute to the development and maintenance of romantic relationships to a certain extent. However, at the same time, over-reliance and blind use can hurt people's emotions, including disappointment, frustration, and social comparisons. It can cause couples to spend less time together offline in a relationship, become distracted and irritated, and erupt into more conflict. An analysis of these results and their respective implications are discussed in this research.

Local Cultural Approach in Navigating Family Conflict: Understanding Cultural Strategies for Human Well-Being

Objective: This study explores the complexities of family conflict within a local cultural framework, focusing on its impacts on physical and mental well-being through mapping its intensity, root causes, and long-term consequences. The study aims to understand how unresolved interpersonal tensions can negatively impact emotional and social health, ultimately affecting harmony and balance within local communities. The approach uses a theoretical framework that underscores the importance of culture-based communication, negotiation skills that respect local norms, and appreciation for diverse perspectives as steps to reduce conflict and promote mental health. This research contextualizes conflict within various local cultural settings, specifically within families influenced by communal and intergenerational values. Through in-depth analysis of the family as the unit of study, variables such as communication and social relationships are examined with an emphasis on unique socio-cultural dynamics. The findings highlight the negative impact of unresolved family conflict on emotional well-being and the stability of social relationships within the family unit. Conflict can disrupt interpersonal dynamics, creating long-term disharmony that undermines family cohesion. These adverse effects underscore the need for systematic, ongoing interventions to support mental health and collective well-being. This study emphasizes the importance of addressing family conflict as a critical component in achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of Good Health and Well-being. Interventions that adopt a local cultural approach—such as effective communication strategies and conflict resolution skills rooted in communal norms—are essential for fostering healthier and more harmonious family environments. By identifying three primary approaches—cultural rehabilitation processes, the development of communication that values local culture, and conflict management skills—the study provides practical insights aligned with global efforts to improve mental health and social well-being in accordance with the SDG framework.

Comparative Study on Enhanced Skin Permeation Efficiency of Phenylephrine via Novel Lipid Vesicles: A Promising Approach in Preventing Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia Management.

Chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) significantly impacts patients' emotional and psychological well-being and treatment regimen. Phenylephrine, a topical vasoconstrictor, can potentially reduce hair loss by limiting chemotherapy drug delivery to hair follicles. However, effective delivery of Phenylephrine through the skin remains challenging. This study investigates lipid vesicles as delivery vehicles to enhance Phenylephrine's skin permeation and sustained release due to their biocompatibility and encapsulation capabilities. This study aimed to formulate and compare different lipid vesicles of Phenylephrine HCl for enhanced permeation through the skin for deep dermal delivery with sustained release of the drug so as to achieve local vasoconstriction. Phenylephrine-loaded ethosomes, invasomes, and transfersomes were prepared and characterized for particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), and entrapment efficiency (EE %). These lipid vesicles were incorporated into hydrogels to facilitate sustained drug release to deep dermal layers where they could target local vasculature and cause vasoconstriction. The prepared vesicular gels were evaluated for various permeation parameters. The entrapment efficiencies of the developed vesicles ranged from 49.51 ± 3.25% to 69.09 ± 2.32%, with vesicle sizes ranging from 162.5 ± 5.21 nm to 321.32 ± 3.75 nm. Statistical analysis revealed significantly higher flux values (Jss, μg/cm2 h) of 0.6251, 0.6314, and 0.4075 for invasomal gel, ethosomal gel, and transfersomal gel, respectively, compared to plain gel (0.1254) (p < 0.005). The enhancement factors were 4.9848, 5.0350, and 3.2496 for invasomal gel, ethosomal gel, and transfersomal gel, respectively, indicating superior permeation abilities of ethosomal and invasomal formulations. The results demonstrate that ethosomal and invasomal formulations were efficient in delivering the drug to deep dermal layers of skin in a sustained manner. These findings suggest that these Lipidic vesicles would be able to target the local vasoconstrictor to vasculature, causing reduced hair loss by limiting chemotherapy drug delivery to hair follicles and managing chemotherapy-induced alopecia.

Developmental trajectories and heterogeneity of social engagement among Chinese older adults: a growth mixture model

BackgroundSocial engagement is closely related to well-being among older adults. However, studies on the changing trajectory and influencing factors (especially time-varying factors) of social engagement are limited. This study aimed to examine the social engagement trajectory of older Chinese adults and explore its time-fixed and time-varying factors, thus providing evidence for the development of strategies to promote a rational implementation for healthy aging.MethodsThis study included 2,195 participants from a subset of four surveys from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey conducted from 2008 to 2018 (with the latest survey completed in 2018), with follow-ups conducted approximately every three years. Growth mixture modeling was used to explore the social engagement trajectory of older adults and the effects of time-varying variables. In addition, multinomial logistic regression was employed to analyze the association between time-fixed variables and latent classes.ResultsThree distinct trajectories of social engagement among older adults in China were identified: slow declining (n = 204; 9.3%), which meant social engagement score decreased continuously, but social engagement level improved; slow rising (n = 1,039; 47.3%), marked by an increased score of social engagement, but with an depressed engagement level; and middle stabilizing (n = 952; 43.4%), which meant social engagement score and engagement level remained quite stable. A time-fixed analysis indicated that age, marital status, educational level, and annual family income had a significant impact on social engagement (P < 0.05). In contrast, the time-varying analysis showed that a decline in functional ability, insufficient exercise (means no exercise at present), deteriorating self-reported health and quality of life, negative mood, monotonous diet, and reduced community services were closely related to the reduction in social engagement levels (P < 0.05).ConclusionThree trends were observed at the social engagement level. Older adults with initially high levels of social engagement exhibited a continuous upward trend, whereas those with initially low levels experienced a decline in their social engagement, and those with initially intermediate levels remained quite stable. Considering the primary heterogeneous factors, it is imperative for governments to enhance basic services and prioritize the well-being of older adults. Additionally, families should diligently monitor the emotional well-being of older adults and make appropriate arrangements for meals.

Iontophoresis Improves the Impact on the Quality of Life of Children with Primary Hyperhidrosis-A Prospective Study and a Short Review.

Primary hyperhidrosis (PH) is a somatic and idiopathic pediatric skin disease. The eccrine glands are tiny and very numerous, with approximately 3 million distributed throughout the skin. There is no commonly accepted amount of sweating to define hyperhidrosis, but people with this disease suffer real limitations integrating into society, which can be quantified through quality of life measurement scales. We want to draw attention to this disease and its impact on children's quality of life because it is significant and there are no studies conducted on groups consisting solely of children. There are various quality of life evaluation questionnaires for hyperhidrosis. We studied 103 children with hyperhidrosis by monitoring their sweat severity and its impact on quality of life, using the Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale. We compared the scale results before and after 10 days of iontophoresis. This study includes only children under 18 years old, treated with iontophoresis. The average age of the group is 11.84 ± 2.89 years. Treatment success is recorded in 68 (66.02%) children, but a change in the score is recorded in 74 (71.84%) children. The average HDSS score at T0 is 2.95 ± 0.70, compared to the HDSS score at T1 of 1.92 ± 0.86. Hyperhidrosis has a negative impact on daily life, especially self-esteem, occupational productivity, emotional well-being, and interpersonal relationships. Iontophoresis is a safe and effective treatment method that reduces the severity of hyperhidrosis and increases the quality of life.

Forms and effects of verbal bullying: Perceptions of junior high school students in Indonesia

One form of bullying that frequently occurs is verbal bullying. Several studies have shown that perpetrators of verbal bullying often do not realize that their actions are categorized as violence, which is why these actions have not received sufficient attention. Therefore, it is important to take steps to stop verbal bullying, one of which is to scientifically explore the utterances categorized as bullying and their effects. This study aims to describe the forms and effects of verbal bullying according to students' perceptions. The research uses a case study approach. The participants were 200 students from public, private, and sports schools in Surakarta. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews, then analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The results showed that the majority of junior high school students agreed that verbal bullying has negative emotional and psychological impacts. Most students identified words referring to physical deficiencies or body shaming (71%), academic achievement (56%), and family background (57%) as significant forms of bullying. Verbal bullying related to physique and family background was reported as the most hurtful. Approximately 40% of students reported feeling hurt, and 38% felt embarrassed by verbal bullying, which impacted their self-confidence and emotional well-being.

Anxiety and depression in papillary thyroid cancer patients: a longitudinal study.

Researches indicate that patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) are prone to experiencing anxiety and depression. However, lacking of large-scale, prospective studies thoroughly examine the trajectory of these emotional states. Therefore, this study aims to investigate changes in anxiety and depression levels in PTC patients before and after operation and assess the impact of gender and menopausal states on emotional well-being. A prospective longitudinal study enrolled 320 PTC patients who completed the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) at pre- and post-operation. Paired-sample T-tests and logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate emotional changes and identify influencing factors. Anxiety and depression levels significantly increased (p = 0.028, p = 0.005) postoperatively, with incidence of 13.8% for anxiety and 26.9% for depression. Multivariate regression analysis showed that gender was a factor affecting depression (p = 0.041), and menopausal state significantly influenced emotions including anxiety and depression (p = 0.004, p = 0.031). Subgroup analysis showed that female patients exhibited higher levels of adverse emotions postoperatively compared to preoperatively (p = 0.003, p < 0.001). Postoperatively, female patients were more susceptible to anxiety and depression (p = 0.011, p = 0.029), and postmenopausal women were particularly at risk for depression (p = 0.017). The study highlights the importance of postoperative psychological care, particularly for female and postmenopausal patients. Larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are needed for a comprehensive understanding of psychological changes in PTC survivors.

A child-centred intercultural approach to the socio-educational inclusion of migrant and refugee children

The increasing trend of child migration, whether forced or voluntary, poses a challenge to policies aimed at ensuring social cohesion and protecting children's rights. Inclusive educational environments play a crucial role in the integration of migrant and refugee children by promoting intercultural dialogue and participation. This study aims to explore the potential of a child-centred approach to the socio-educational inclusion of migrant and refugee children in Europe, proposing a framework of inclusive interculturalism to address the specific challenges these children face in educational settings. A narrative review was conducted, examining a wide range of peer-reviewed sources to synthesise current knowledge on child-centred education and its applicability to migrant and refugee children. The review identifies key challenges in adopting a child-centred approach, including socio-cultural, linguistic and psychological barriers that hinder migrant and refugee children's full participation in education. It highlights the importance of promoting agency, cultural competence and emotional well-being through inclusive and intercultural educational practices. Implementing a child-centred, inclusive intercultural approach can promote social cohesion and reduce inequalities by ensuring that all children, regardless of their background, have access to quality education and opportunities for personal development. However, more empirical research is needed to translate these theoretical frameworks into practical interventions.

Evaluation of a pathology resident wellness initiative: Initial establishment and subsequent expansion through a time of high stress, the COVID-19 pandemic.

Recent studies have shown that the pathology workforce is at risk of decreased workplace well-being, which may lead to decreased job satisfaction, increased attrition, burnout, depression, anxiety, and suicidality, but there has been relatively little research on well-being initiatives designed for pathologists, pathology trainees, and laboratory professionals. Some studies have suggested that well-being initiatives may decrease burnout and increase workplace satisfaction and engagement. Here we describe the creation of a Pathology Wellness Committee in a large residency program. Interventions included emotional, social, and physical well-being interventions as well as system-based improvements. Additional initiatives were introduced in response to the increased stress, isolation, and social distancing guidelines during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. The program's impact was measured by an annual House Staff Council Resident Wellness Survey over 4 years. The annual surveys showed improvements in workplace and residency program satisfaction and emotional well-being following system-based improvements and well-being initiatives. Physical and social well-being showed slight but not statistically significant decreases over the 4-year period. Results from the annual Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Survey were also evaluated. We found that dedicated well-being initiatives in conjunction with system-based interventions may help improve overall well-being in pathology residents.

The Impact of Perceived Inclusion Climate for Leader Diversity (PICLD) on Organizational Justice and Its Effects on Employee Engagement, Emotional Wage, and Happiness at Work

In today's globalized world, workplace happiness is an increasingly important concern for many organizations, as it has a direct impact on employee productivity and well-being. An inclusive and equitable work environment plays a significant role in creating conditions that support employees' emotional and intellectual engagement, as well as providing emotional rewards that can increase their happiness. This research aims to analyze the impact of Perceived Inclusion Climate for Leader Diversity (PICLD), Organizational Justice, Employee Engagement, and Emotional Rewards on Workplace Happiness. Using a quantitative approach and survey method, data was collected from 248 employees working in various companies in Indonesia. The results showed that PICLD has a positive and significant influence on perceptions of workplace justice, which in turn increases employee engagement and emotional rewards. Employees who perceive fair treatment are more engaged and receive emotional rewards that improve their well-being. Employee engagement and emotional rewards are shown to have a positive impact on workplace happiness, so employees who feel emotionally rewarded tend to be more satisfied and happy. The implications of this research emphasize the importance of creating an inclusive, fair and supportive work environment to increase employee engagement, emotional well-being and happiness at work.