Emotional Subscale Research Articles

An Investigation of Alexithymia, Type D Personality Traits, and Childhood Traumas in Patients with Fibromyalgia

Although not completely understood, fibromyalgia is characterized by intense physical complaints with psychiatric factors involved in its etiopathogenesis. The present study aimed to investigate alexithymia, type D personality, and childhood traumas that might accompany fibromyalgia in those patients. The study enrolled 44 healthy controls and 44 patients with fibromyalgia. Sociodemographic and Clinical Data Form, Type D Personality Scale (DS-14), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-28) were used for the purposes of collecting data from all the participants. The group including patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia had significantly higher type D personality traits compared to the control group (p=.015). Furthermore, there was a significant intergroup difference by the TAS scale (p<0.05). CTQ-28 total and emotional, physical neglect, and emotional abuse subscales were higher in the patient group compared to the control group (p<0.05). Upon intragroup comparison of DS-14 subscale and CTQ-28 subscale scores in the patient group, patients with negative affection were significantly more emotionally neglected (p=.009). There was a moderate positive correlation between the CTQ-28 total scores and the TTS total score of patients with fibromyalgia (r=.54, p=.01). Individuals with fibromyalgia have a history of childhood trauma, difficulty in expressing their emotions, and distressed personality structures. Psychological assessment and psychosocial support therapies would prove to be beneficial in the treatment of fibromyalgia, a psychosomatic disease.

Comparison between Voice Disorders among Female Professional and Nonprofessional Voice Users Dealing with Early School Aged Children

Abstract Background Voice disorders are common among females; a main cause is their continuous communication with children as their caregivers. Teachers are exposed to voice abuse and misuse and so also housewives, both of them use their voice excessively to deal with children. Aim of the Work The aim of this study is to compare between voice disorders among female professional and non-professional voice users, in order to identify voice problems affecting nonprofessional voice users for prevention, early detection and proper management to avoid serious vocal health injuries. Study Design a comparative cross-sectional study. Patients and Methods This study included 100 adult female patients who complained of symptoms of voice disorders and were subjected for voice evaluation at the Phoniatrics Unit, Ain Shams University Hospitals. The participated patients were aged between 20 years to 50 years and were divided into 2 groups 50 in each group, group I (teachers) and group II (housewives). Detailed history taking, auditory perceptual assessment of voice (APA), video-laryngoscopic examination, documentation of the auditory perceptual assessment, acoustic analysis and application of Arabic VHI (voice handicap index) were done for all cases. Results The duration of the voice complaint was longer in teachers than housewives. There was nonsignificant difference between both groups regarding the presence of phonasthenic symptoms. The impact of compliant regarding patients own rating of the severity and effect on daily life was higher` in housewives than in teachers, but there was non-significant difference between both groups regarding the listener reaction. There was non-significant difference between teachers and housewives as regard the APA in the overall grade of dysphonia and voice quality. The most prevalent diagnosis of voice disorders among teachers was the vocal fold nodules, while phonasthenia was the most prevalent in housewives. There was a significant difference between the teachers and housewives as regard the total score, functional and emotional subscales of VHI. Results of the acoustic analysis revealed a significant difference between teachers and housewives as regard average F0, jitter % where teachers had higher scores than housewives. While there was non-significant difference as regard RAP, shimm%, APQ and NHR between both groups. A significant positive correlation was found between number of children and functional, emotional and total VHI score in housewives group. There was a significant positive correlation between number of students and patient’s own rating of severity and years of teaching in teachers group. Moreover, there was a highly significant positive relation between having children and emotional subscale of VHI in teachers group. Also, there was a significant positive relation between number of children and functional subscale of VHI in housewives group. Conclusion Voice disorders are common among housewives (Nonprofessional voice users) the same as in teachers (Professional voice users) especially when dealing with early school aged children. Recommendation There is need to increase awareness among the housewives about the importance of voice in their daily life, risk factors for voice problems, how to protect themselves from developing vocal pathologies and when to consult the medical professional.

Cardiovascular health-related quality of life in cancer: a prospective study comparing the ESC HeartQoL and EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire.

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is highly relevant in cancer and often assessed with the EORTC QLQ-C30. Cardiovascular HRQoL in cancer can be measured with the ESC HeartQoL questionnaire. We compared these instruments and examined their prognostic value. Summary scores for EORTC QLQ-C30 (0-100 points) and ESC HeartQoL (0-3 points) questionnaires were prospectively assessed in 290 patients with mostly advanced cancer (stage 3/4: 81%, 1-year mortality: 36%) and 50 healthy controls (similar age and sex). Additionally, physical function and activity assessments were performed. Both questionnaires demonstrated reduced HRQoL in patients with cancer versus controls (EORTC QLQ-C30: 67 ± 20 vs. 91 ± 11, p < 0.001; ESC HeartQoL: 1.8 ± 0.8 vs. 2.7 ± 0.4, p < 0.001). The instruments were strongly correlated with each other (summary scores [r = 0.76], physical [r = 0.81], and emotional subscales [r = 0.75, all p < 0.001]) and independently associated with all-cause mortality (best cut-offs: EORTC QLQ-C30 <82.69: hazard ratio [HR] 2.33, p = 0.004; ESC HeartQoL <1.50: HR 1.85, p = 0.004-adjusted for sex, age, left ventricular ejection fraction, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide [NT-proBNP], high-sensitivity troponin T, cancer stage/type), with no differences in the strength of the association by sex (p-interaction > 0.9). Combining both questionnaires identified three risk groups with highest mortality in patients below both cut-offs (vs. patients above both cut-offs: HR 3.60, p < 0.001). Patients with results below both cut-offs, showed higher NT-proBNP and reduced physical function and activity. The EORTC QLQ-C30 and ESC HeartQoL-assessing cancer and cardiovascular HRQoL-are both associated with increased mortality in cancer patients, with even greater stratification by combing both. Reduced HRQoL scores were associated with elevated cardiovascular biomarkers and decreased functional status.

Screening for Anxiety and Depression Symptoms Using Concussion Symptom Scales Among Varsity Athletes.

This study examined associations between Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-5 (SCAT-5) symptom reporting and gold-standard measures of anxiety and depression, and explored the utility SCAT-5 symptom subscales to identify anxiety and depression symptomology. Prospective cross-sectional study. York University in Toronto, Canada. Preseason data were collected for varsity athletes (N = 296) aged between 17 and 25 years ( M = 20.01 years, SD = 1.69 years; 52% male). The SCAT-5 symptom evaluation scale was used to assess baseline symptoms. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Index-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to assess symptoms of anxiety and depression, respectively. Endorsement of SCAT-5 symptoms of feeling anxious, sadness, irritability, and feeling more emotional had the strongest correlations with the GAD-7 ( r' s > 0.400; P' s < 0.001). Sadness, trouble falling asleep, concentration problems, feeling slowed down, anxious, irritability, mental fog, fatigue, and memory problems had the highest correlations with the PHQ-9 ( r' s >0 .400; P' s < 0.001). The Emotional subscale from the SCAT-5 predicted mild to severe anxiety on the GAD-7 ( P < 0.001). The Sleep, Cognitive, and Emotional subscales predicted mild to severe depression on the PHQ-9 ( P' s < 0.05). These findings provide better delineation of symptoms endorsed on the SCAT-5 symptoms that aid in identification of athletes with symptoms of anxiety or depression who may be at risk for developing a clinical disorder or experiencing persistent symptoms after a concussion.

Impact of problem-solving skills and attributional retraining intervention on conduct disorder among junior male students at public secondary school in Nigeria: a non-randomized control study

PurposeThis paper aims to report a non-randomized control study undertaken to investigate prevalence and correlates of conduct disorder among male secondary education students in South-West Nigeria and to assess the impact of a problem-solving skills and attributional retraining (PSSAR) intervention with this population.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 787 male students from two schools were screened for conduct disorder. All participants who met criteria for the disorder were allocated to either treatment (n = 55) or control (n = 47) groups. Outcome measures comprised the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ; teacher and student versions) and the teacher rating of students’ aggressive behaviors.FindingsOf the sample, 13% were found to present with difficulties that met criteria for conduct disorder. The presence of these difficulties correlated with several demographic variables, including parental conflict and alcohol use. A statistically significant reduction in mean scores was observed for the treatment group in the student rating of the SDQ emotional subscale and total difficulties scores. Teacher ratings were less consistent in that conduct problems, prosocial behavior and total difficulties increased following the intervention, whereas peer problems and aggressive behavior were reported by teachers to reduce. No statistically significant change was found in the outcome measures for the control group.Practical implicationsIn resource-constrained settings, school-based interventions are an important means through which treatment gaps in child and adolescent mental health can be addressed.Originality/valueIn resource-constrained settings, school-based interventions are an important means through which treatment gaps in child and adolescent mental health can be addressed. This study’s findings offer some preliminary support for the PSSAR intervention for conduct disorder in this context and indicate areas for further research.

Translation and evaluation of the HeartQoL in patients with coronary heart disease in Iceland

BackgroundHealth-related quality of life (HRQoL) reflects an individual’s own perception of their symptom burden, functional limitations, prognosis, overall health and changes associated with treatment. The HeartQoL is a validated heart disease-specific questionnaire with a physical and an emotional subscale that is used internationally to assess HRQoL in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). The aim of this study was to translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the HeartQoL in patients with CHD in Iceland.MethodsPatients ≥ 18 years (n = 396; mean age 64.4 ± 8.8 years; 79.6% male) admitted with CHD were recruited from two hospitals in Iceland and completed the Icelandic versions of the HeartQoL, Short-Form 12v2 Health Survey (SF-12v2), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). A subsample of 47 patients completed the HeartQoL 14 days later. Confirmatory factor analysis for ordinal data was used to evaluate the measurement model with a physical and an emotional subscale. Convergent and divergent validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability were evaluated.ResultsOverall, the hypothesized two-factor structure of the Icelandic version of the HeartQoL was supported. However, problems with cross-loadings and correlated error variances were identified. Convergent and divergent validity were supported in correlational analyses between HeartQoL, SF-12v2, and HADS. Internal consistency reliability, measured by ordinal alpha, was good for the physical (α = 0.96) and emotional (α = 0.90) subscale. According to intraclass correlations (ICC), acceptable test-retest reliability was demonstrated (ICC = 0.79–0.86).ConclusionWith the two-factor structure confirmed, the Icelandic HeartQoL demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties in the sample of patients with CHD. Users of the instrument can use the original scoring.

Work Environment-Mediated Job Burnout and Intention-to-Stay in Registered Nurses

Nurse engagement and retention are critical issues affecting the quality of healthcare. Although the work environment is known to affect nursing performance and patient outcomes, little is known regarding the impact of this environment on nurse burnout and future work intention, especially in non-Western settings. This study explored the extent to which Taiwanese nurses' perceptions of their practice environment mediates burnout levels and intention-to-stay. This descriptive, correlational study, conducted between September and December 2020, recruited nurses employed at a regional teaching hospital located in a relatively rural region in Taiwan. The participants completed standardized questionnaires, including a demographic information form, the 31-item Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI), the 22-item Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-HSS), and the 6-item Intention-to-stay (ITS) scale. The mediating effect among the variables related to intention-to-stay was examined using Model 4 of the PROCESS macro and tested using the bootstrapping method (repeated 5,000 times) with a p value < .05. The mean age of the 376 participants was 34.3 years (SD = 8.1). Nearly one-third (30.3%) scored > 27 on the emotional exhaustion subscale of the MBI-HSS, indicating they were "highly burned-out". Also, nearly one-third (30.6%) were uncertain about their intention to stay with their current employer. Burnout was associated with intention-to-stay (β = -.088, p < .001), and holding a positive perception toward their practice environment was shown to mediate the relationship between burnout and intention-to-stay (β = -.015; p < .001). Targeted interventions and technical support that promote a collaborative climate and psychological empowerment in clinical practice may alleviate burnout and intention-to-leave in nurses and improve workplace quality.

EARLY TRAUMA INVENTORY-SELF REPORT SHORT FORM: TURKISH ADAPTATION AND PSYCHOMETRIC ANALYSIS FOR UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

The aim of this study is to adapt the Early Trauma Inventory-Self Report Short Form to Turkish and test its validity and reliability for university students. The inventory was translated, and the Turkish form was finalised. The first study group, whose data were used to conduct the confirmatory factor analysis regarding the scale, consisted of 350 undergraduate, and graduate students from 14 different universities in the fall semester of the 2021-2022 academic year; 270 of whom were female and 80 of whom were male. In data analysis, descriptive statistics were calculated; confirmatory factor analysis and reliability analyses were performed. Since Early Trauma Inventory Short Form is an inventory consisting of sub-scales, a separate confirmatory factor analysis was performed for each sub-scale of Turkish version. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model data fit of the general trauma subscale was “good,” and it was “perfect” for the physical, emotional, and sexual abuse subscales. Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficients and test-re-test correlations were found to be satisfactory. Results show that the Early Trauma Inventory-Self Report Short Form is a valid and reliable tool to use in determining early childhood trauma.

Vocal Problems and Burnout Syndrome in Nonuniversity Teachers in Galicia, Spain

Introduction: Voice disorders and burnout syndrome are common among teachers. This study aimed to explore the relationship among vocal problems, burnout syndrome, and some personal work factors. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study enrolled 90 nonuniversity teachers who completed the Multidimensional Vocal Scale for Teachers (EVM-D) to evaluate vocal problems and an adapted Spanish version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educators Survey (MBI-ES) to detect burnout syndrome. Results: Overall, 16% of teachers expressed symptoms compatible with burnout, and 60% of them were in the interval above the 75th percentile of the EVM-D, i.e., they had a high risk of vocal problems. An association between burnout and more vocal problems was established among teachers, particularly between the vocal symptoms and vocal abuse dimensions with the emotional exhaustion subscale of the MBI-ES. A history of anxiety/depression and fewer years of professional experience were associated with more vocal problems. The burnout group perceived more “loss of vocal power,” “vocal fatigue,” “vocal effort,” and “hoarseness.” Vocal abuse items received the highest scores of EVM-D. However, only “shouting” in the classroom was significantly different between the groups with and without burnout. Conclusion: Emotional exhaustion of burnout syndrome, history of anxiety/depression, and a shorter professional experience were associated with vocal problems, which could limit the performance of teachers. Reducing classroom noise, establishing strategies to avoid shouting, or strengthening personal accomplishments in teachers could be useful in breaking the cycle of vocal problems and emotional exhaustion, particularly at the beginning of their professional experience.

Resilience in Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer Women: The Predictive Role of Diurnal Cortisol and Social Support.

Breast cancer is currently the most prevalent malignancy among women. Psychological resilience is an important factor that diminishes the stress-related emotional and psychosocial disturbances triggered when receiving the diagnosis. Furthermore, resilience appears to be associated with cortisol, the hormonal end-product of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; however, further studies are needed due to the mixed results reported. Thus, we aim to examine the predictive role of social support and cortisol in resilience among breast cancer patients. A total of 132 women with primary breast cancer completed the Medical Outcomes Study-Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS) and the Resilience Scale (RS-14) and provided four salivary samples for the estimation of participants' total daily cortisol production, for which the formula of the area under the curve with respect to the ground (AUCg) was applied. Moderation analyses were performed to study the influence of social support and AUCg on psychological resilience levels. The regression analyses showed a direct significant effect for the emotional support subscale of MOS-SSS on resilience and the interaction between emotional support and AUCg was also found to be statistically significant. Specifically, the conditional effect of emotional support on resilience was found to be significant at middle (M = 3.08; p < .05) and low levels (M = .59; p < .001) of AUCg. Our results suggest that newly diagnosed breast cancer women with middle and low diurnal cortisol profiles may benefit more from emotional support based-interventions while women with high diurnal cortisol may need more individualized therapies.

Validation of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) emotional subscale in assessing depression and anxiety across development.

Emotional disorders are common in childhood, and their prevalence sharply increases during adolescence. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is widely used for screening emotional and behavioural difficulties in children and young people, but little is known about the accuracy of the emotional subscale (SDQ-E) in detecting emotional disorders, and whether this changes over development. Such knowledge is important in determining whether symptom changes across age are due to developmental or measurement differences. This study assessed the validity of the SDQ-E and two individual items (low mood and general worry) in differentiating between cases and non-cases of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD), and other anxiety disorders across ages 7, 10, 13, 15, and 25 years in a UK population cohort. Analyses showed moderate accuracy of the subscale in discriminating cases of MDD (AUC = 0.67-0.85), and high accuracy for discriminating cases of GAD (AUC = 0.80-0.93) and any anxiety disorder (AUC = 0.74-0.83) compared to non-cases. The SDQ-E performed well across ages and sex, and generally performed better than the two individual items. Together our findings validate the SDQ-E as a screen for emotional disorders during childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood, and as a tool for longitudinal research on depression and anxiety disorders.

Cause of non-specific low back pain in women: pelvic floor muscle weakness.

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between pelvic floor muscle (PFM) strength and low back pain (LBP) in women with and without non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) with similar demographic and physical characteristics. The study included 40 women (35.73±6.74 years) with NSLBP (with LBP group) and 32 women (34.59±5.93) without LBP (without LBP group). PFM strength with a perineometer, pain intensity with a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), quality of life with the Short Form-36 (SF-36), and perceptions of LBP and related disability with the Rolland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) were evaluated. There was no difference between the groups in terms of age, BMI, number of births (0, 1, and 2 births) and mode of delivery (vaginal/cesarean section) (p>0.05). There was a statistical difference between the groups in all parameters except SF-36 Emotional Role Limitation subscale (p<0.05). We found PFM strength an independent predictor of the RMDQ score, and RMDQ and VAS scores as independent predictors of SF-36 physical and mental components (p<0.05). Decreased PFM strength in women causes non-specific mechanical low back pain and disability independent of age, BMI, and the number and type of delivery. Decreased PFM strength is a predictor of disability. Disability and pain are also independent predictors of decreased quality of life. PFM measurement should be prioritized when evaluating women with NSLBP. PFM strength may be a determinant of LBP.

Comparison of the effects of high-intensity interval and moderate-intensity continuous training on inflammatory markers, cardiorespiratory fitness, and quality of life in breast cancer patients

BackgroundAs the effectiveness of breast cancer treatment has improved, a growing number of long-term breast cancer survivors are seeking help for unique health problems. These patients may be at increased risk of cardiovascular disease due to the side effects of treatment. The positive impact of most types of exercise has been repeatedly reported in people with cancer, but the most effective exercise approaches for maximum beneficial adaptations remain controversial. Thus, this study aimed to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on inflammatory indices, adipokines, metabolic markers, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and quality of life in breast cancer patients during adjuvant endocrine therapy. MethodsThirty non-metastatic breast cancer patients during adjuvant endocrine therapy who had been treated with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy were recruited from Iran and randomized to HIIT, MICT, or control groups for a supervised exercise intervention that took place 3 times a week for 12 weeks. The training intensity was determined based on the peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), and the volume of training was matched in HIIT and MICT based on the VO2peak. Body composition, functional capacity, cardiorespiratory fitness, metabolic indices, sex hormones, adipokines, and inflammatory markers were assessed before and after the intervention. ResultsThe VO2peak increased by 16.8% in the HIIT group in comparison to baseline values (mean difference = 3.61 mL/kg/min). HIIT significantly improved the VO2peak compared to control (mean difference = 3.609 mL/kg/min) and MICT (mean differences = 2.974 mL/kg/min) groups. Both HIIT (mean difference = 9.172 mg/dL) and MICT (mean difference = 7.879 mg/dL) interventions significantly increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels compared to the control group. The analysis of covariance showed that physical well-being significantly improved in MICT compared to control group (mean difference = 3.268). HIIT significantly improved the social well-being compared to the control group (mean difference = 4.412). Emotional well-being subscale was significantly improved in both MICT (mean difference = 4.248) and HIIT (mean difference = 4.412) compared to the control group. Functional well-being scores significantly increased in HIIT group compared with control group (mean difference = 3.35) . Significant increase were also observed in total functional assessment of cancer therapy-General scores in both HIIT (mean difference = 14.204) and MICT groups (mean difference = 10.036) compared with control group. The serum level of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 increased significantly (mean difference = 0.09 pg/mL) in the HIIT group compared to the baseline. There were no significant differences between groups for body weight, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance, sex hormone binding globulin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, adipokines, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, or interleukin-10. ConclusionHIIT can be used as a safe, feasible, and time-efficient intervention to improve cardiovascular fitness in breast cancer patients. Both HIIT and MICT modalities enhance quality of life. Further large-scale studies will help determine whether these promising results translate into improved clinical and oncological outcomes.

Differences in patient-reported outcomes (PROs) by disease severity in light chain (AL) amyloidosis.

To assess the impact of organ involvement on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in light chain (AL) amyloidosis. PROs were evaluated using the KCCQ-12, PROMIS-29 + 2, and SF-36 in individuals with AL amyloidosis. The 2004 Mayo system was used to stage disease and cardiac, neurologic, and renal involvement was considered. Global physical and mental health (MH) scores, physical function (PF), fatigue, social function (SF), pain, sleep, and MH domains were evaluated. Effect sizes between scores were measured using Cohen's d. Of 297 respondents, the median age at diagnosis was 60 years with 58% cardiac, 58% renal, and 30% neurologic involvement. Fatigue, PF, SF, and global physical health with PROMIS and SF-36 discriminated the most by stage. Significant discrimination in PROMIS and/or SF-36 was seen in PF, fatigue, and global physical health with cardiac involvement. For neurologic involvement, PF, fatigue, SF, pain, sleep, global physical, and MH with PROMIS and role physical, vitality, pain, general health, and physical component summary with SF-36 were discriminatory. For renal amyloid, pain by SF-36 and PROMIS, and SF-36 MH and role emotional subscales were significant. Fatigue, PF, SF, and global physical health can discriminate stage, cardiac and neurologic, but not renal, AL amyloidosis involvement.

Identifying Measures of Emotional Intelligence and Dangerous Driving

Dangerous driving behaviors are a public safety concern. These behaviors are heavily influenced and can be triggered by emotions. Emotions, and their resultant behaviors, are influenced by emotional intelligence (EI), defined as an individual’s ability to identify and differentiate between emotions, and make decisions based on them. The objective of this study was to determine the best EI and dangerous driving behavior measures. This exploratory study examined methods to measure EI and its possible relationship with various measures of dangerous driving behavior among 155 adult drivers in the United States with a valid driver’s license. Participants completed an online survey, which included three scales for EI assessment (TEIQue, GENOS, WLEIS) and three dangerous driving behavior scales (DDDI, DBQ, DBI), along with questions about past crashes and citations. Responses from the survey were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation, linear regression, and binary logistic regression. Significant correlations were observed between all driving behaviors and the TEIQue EI scales. Notably, the TEIQue total EI and emotionality subscales emerged as the most influential predictors of dangerous driving behaviors. Participants with higher scores in total EI and emotionality engaged in fewer dangerous driving behaviors. Furthermore, the GENOS and WLEIS EI scales failed to predict dangerous driving behaviors. This study suggests that driver EI should be analyzed using the TEIQue EI scale and driving behaviors should be measured using the DDDI and DBQ scales. Moreover, promoting and improving EI could be useful in preventing dangerous driving behaviors among drivers and reducing their fatality rates on the road.

Correlation Between Adolescent Mental Health and Sleep Quality: A Study in Indonesian Rural Areas During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The study aims to analyze the correlation between sleep quality and adolescent mental health in rural areas during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Bandung rural area in February 2023. The subjects were adolescents aged 12-15 years who attended high school in Sagaracipta Village. To assess mental health, the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used. Meanwhile, sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. The questionnaires were distributed and then filled in directly by the participants under close supervision. The relationship between mental problems and sleep quality was analyzed with the Spearman Rank correlation. The confidence range employed was 95%, while p< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The results showed that at two junior high schools in Sagaracipta Village, 70.6% of the 109 subjects had poor sleep quality. Among the subjects, a significant number exhibited abnormal scores on various subscales. Specifically, 24 subjects (22%) showed abnormalities in the emotional subscales, 18 (16.5%) in conduct, 5 (4.6%) in hyperactivity, 15 (13.8%) in problems with peers, 26 (23.9%) in total difficulty, but there were no abnormal subjects on the pro-social sunscale. Based on the Rank Spearman correlation test, there was a statistically significant correlation between sleep quality and the emotional, behavioral, hyperactivity, and overall difficulties subscales, with coefficients of 0.247; 0.258; 0.22; and 0.310 as well as p-values of 0.010; 0.007; 0.021; and 0.001 respectively. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a correlation between mental health and sleep quality among adolescents in rural area.

Social participation and health-related quality of life before and during the second wave of the Covid-19 pandemic in individuals with traumatic brain injury: A follow-up exploratory correlational study

Objective: Little is known about the effects of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on quality of life and social participation in individuals with traumatic brain injury. We aimed to compare social participation and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a sample of individuals with TBI before and during the second wave of COVID-19 and explored the relationships between the perceived impacts of COVID-19, social participation, and HRQoL.Patients and methods: Eighteen individuals with traumatic brain injury with a mean (standard deviation) age of 47.7 (17.0) years at 48.2 (10.5) months post-injury were administered a questionnaire on overall disability and participation (Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory-4th edition; MPAI-4), HRQoL (Quality of Life after Brain Injury Questionnaire; QOLIBRI), and the Coronavirus Impacts Questionnaire before and during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic at an interval of 6.4 (SD = 8.2) months. Results: Compared with pre-pandemic levels, individuals with traumatic brain injury reported a statistically significant decrease in the QOLI-BRI total score and its emotional subscale (with medium to large effect sizes), but without statistically significant differences in MPAI-4 scores. Increased difficulties with access to resources during COVID-19 were associated with increased adjustment problems on the MPAI-4, and with daily life and autonomy difficulties, emotional issues, and lower physical functioning on the QOLIBRI. Conclusion: The relationships identified in this exploratory correlational study suggest that COVID-19 had a negative impact on quality of life in individuals with traumatic brain injury, but not specifically on their social participation. LAY ABSTRACTLittle is known about the effects of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the lives of individuals with traumatic brain injury. This study compared social participation and health-related quality of life in individuals with TBI before and during the second wave of COVID-19 and explored relationships between the perceived impacts of COVID-19, social participation, and health-related quality of life, but not specifically on social participation in individuals with traumatic brain injury. Also, increased difficulties with access to resources during COVID-19 were associated with increased adjustment problems, daily life and autonomy difficulties, emotional issues, and lower physical functioning.

Kanser Hastalarında Radyoterapiye Bağlı Anksiyete ve Depresyonun Yaşam Kalitesine Etkisi

Objective: This study aimed to investigate anxiety and depression levels and quality of life in cancer patients before and after radiotherapy.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: This study is a prospective descriptive study. Data were collected via patient information form, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) and European Organization for Research and Treatment (EORTC QLQ-C30) before and after radiotherapy. Data were analyzed by chi-squared test, t-test, and multivariate regression analysis. &#x0D; Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the mean scores for the subdimensions of the QOL scale before and after radiotherapy. Anxiety and depression before radiotherapy were found to affect the emotional function subdimension by 52% and anxiety after radiotherapy by 67%. &#x0D; Conclusion: The findings of this study emphasise the significant effect of age, chemotherapy, presence of metastasis, anxiety and depression on quality of life in cancer patients receiving radiotherapy. We recommend that oncology nurses should evaluate anxiety and depression and provide training in cancer patients receiving radiotherapy

Correlations between childhood trauma and depression, anxiety, and stress levels in nurses

AimsThis study aims to determine correlations between childhood trauma and depression, anxiety, and stress levels in nurses. MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted among nurses in Turkey from August to September 2022. A total of 395 nurses were included in the study. Data were collected through an online survey using a personal information form, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-28), and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS 21). ResultsThe mean score of the CTQ-28 total scale was 51.6, and emotional neglect was the most common type of abuse. The prevalence of moderate-to-extremely severe depression, anxiety, and stress was 34.7 %, 42.2 %, and 18.3 %, respectively. Emotional abuse and emotional neglect subscales of the CTQ were independently related to all three DASS subscale scores. ConclusionThis study revealed that the emotional abuse and neglect experienced in childhood are related to the nurses' current stress, anxiety, and depression levels.

Test-Retest Reliability of the Impact of Vision Impairment-Very Low Vision Questionnaire.

Most patient-reported outcome measures used in ophthalmology show floor effects in a very low vision population, which limits their use in vision restoration trials. The Impact of Vision Impairment-Very Low Vision scale (IVI-VLV) was developed to specifically target a very low vision population, but its test-retest reliability has not been investigated yet. The German version of the IVI-VLV was administered twice to patients with stable disease of a low vision clinic. Test and retest person measures of the IVI-VLV subscales were obtained from Rasch analysis. Test-retest reliability was investigated by intraclass correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman plots. We included 134 patients (72 women, 62 men) at a mean age of 62 ± 15 years. The intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.920 (95% confidence interval, 0.888-0.944) for the activities of daily living and mobility subscale of the IVI-VLV and 0.929 (95% confidence interval, 0.899-0.949) for the emotional well-being subscale. Bland-Altman plots did not indicate any systematic bias. In linear regression analysis, test-retest differences were not significantly associated with visual acuity or administration interval. Both subscales of the IVI-VLV showed excellent repeatability independent of visual acuity and length of repeat interval. Further validation steps including an assessment of the patient-reported outcome measure's responsiveness are required for use in vision restoration trials. The results support repeated use of the IVI-VLV as a patient-reported end point in future studies in very low and ultralow vision populations.