Emotional Strategies Research Articles

“I never make a permanent decision based on a temporary emotion”: unveiling EFL teachers’ perspectives about emotions in assessment

Abstract Teachers’ emotions have been approved to play a pivotal role in higher education. However, the interface of university teachers’ emotions and assessment practices has been widely ignored in second/foreign language contexts. To fill this lacuna, this study examined the perceptions of 35 Iranian EFL university teachers regarding the types, triggers, and regulation strategies of assessment-related emotions through a semi-structured interview. After a thematic analysis of the data by MAXQDA software, it was found that Iranian university teachers have experienced both negative and positive emotions during their assessment practices. Such emotions were mainly triggered by teachers’ assessment methods/practices, teaching context, and the assessment culture of the department. Furthermore, the results indicated that the participants employed several preventive and responsive strategies to regulate negative and positive feelings during the L2 assessment. Practical implications are discussed regarding the necessity of training university teachers on the interplay of emotions and L2 assessment.

Research on the impact of audience behavior based on emotional orientation effect of public service advertising

Purpose: This study analyzes the changes in feelings, attitudes, and behaviors of the audience after watching the Public Service Advertisements (PSA) and better evaluates which emotions are more acceptable to the audience of the PSA.
 Design/Methodology/Approach: In this study, 217 audiences from Eastern and Western nations were chosen to witness the effects of several emotionally intense Public Services Advertisements and gather data to assess the shifts in opinion and behavioural influences.
 Findings: Based on the results of the study, it can be shown that many social groups exhibit favorable responses to Public Services Advertisements (PSA) in terms of emotional effect perception, namely in relation to fear, comedy, and compassion. These findings indicate a generally good trend across all levels of analysis. Differences in audience attitudes and behavioural changes brought on by various levels of perception of advertising impact emerge under the influence of background circumstances.
 Conclusion: The emotional orientation have a favorable impact on the attitude and conduct of the audience, serving as a source of motivation, induction, and guidance.
 Research Limitations/Implications: This paper analyzes audience cognitive and behavioral research from only the emotion-oriented effect, and the actual emotion is inextricably linked with emotions and psychology. Some of the parts that have not yet been covered will be further studied in the future when conditions permit.
 Practical Implications: It can help trigger the audience's emotional cognition, form long-term attention to public welfare information, and improve the possibility of changing the behavior of the public.
 Contribution to Literature: This study provides a research framework for the impact of the PSA effect on audience behavior and paves the way for later emotional effect research and design strategies.

Sonda do emočného prežívania a stratégie zvládania emócií ukrajinských študentov na UMB počas vojnového konfliktu

Sonda do emočného prežívania a stratégie zvládania emócií ukrajinských študentov na UMB počas vojnového konfliktu

Once More, with Feeling! Digital Campaigns and Emotional Candidacies in X in Andalusia and Castilla y León

In 2022, two regional elections were held that initiated a new electoral cycle in Spain. The first, in February, took place in Castilla y León where, for the first time, the extreme right-wing party, VOX, formed a coalition in a regional government with the right-wing Partido Popular, while, simultaneously, the extreme left-wing party Podemos was barely left with parliamentary representation. The second, in June in Andalusia, led to VOX increasing its representation by two seats and beginning its national level electoral growth; the far-left that was split in two parties, finding that the dynamic that began in Castilla y León also affected them as they lost 10 representatives. This article seeks to compare the emotional strategies of these extremist parties in the 2022 regional elections, focusing especially on leaders’ and parties’ communication strategies on X, formerly Twitter, during the electoral campaign. We expect to find differences between political parties but also between regions. To test this, we carried out an ‘X account content analysis’. We selected those accounts representing the candidates to the regional President and also the main political party accounts in the regions: namely VOX in both regions, Podemos in Castilla y León, and Adelante Andalucía and Por Andalucía in Andalusia.

Concern About Returning to Face-to-Face Classes After the Pandemic: Importance of Emotional Intelligence and Stress Coping Strategies in Health Science Students.

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought a new normality, a scenario where different circumstances trigger emotions such as concern about returning to face-to-face classes, to which higher education students adapt. The objective was to identify how emotional intelligence and coping with stress explain students' concern about returning to face-to-face classes post COVID-19. This was an explanatory and cross-sectional study. The sample by intention was 588 students from the Faculty of Health Sciences. The Rotterdam Emotional Intelligence Scale (REIS), the Stress Coping Questionnaire (CAE), and the ACAD-COVID-19 scale were used. For data collection, the instruments were digitized. Bivariate analysis with Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression was performed. The mean age of the participants was 19.72 years; most were single and without children (96.9% and 96.8%, respectively). 74.3% did not work, 80.8% were from the first years of study, and 52.7% belonged to nursing school. About 94.2% of participants indicated having adequate emotional intelligence, 91.3% expressed coping with adequate stress, and 67.2% indicated serious concern about returning to face-to-face classes. An association was found between gender (p=0.042), age (p=0.002), year of study (p=0.027), emotional intelligence (p=0.001), and coping with stress (p=0.001) with concern for return to face-to-face classes. Emotional intelligence identified as adequate (OR: 2.580; IC95%: 1.117-5.960) and coping with stress identified as adequate (OR: 2.008; IC95%: 1.018-3.960) are more likely to express serious concern about the return to face-to-face classes after the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the results, the need to safeguard the psychological aspects of students is highlighted, especially emotional intelligence, as well as to improve coping with stress so that they can better manage concerns about returning to face-to-face classes. The educational authorities should implement strategies to improve these aspects in order to ensure the adequate return to face-to-face classes in new scenarios.

A Response to "Concern About Returning to Face-to-Face Classes After the Pandemic: Importance of Emotional Intelligence and Stress Coping Strategies in Health Science Students" [Letter

A Response to "Concern About Returning to Face-to-Face Classes After the Pandemic: Importance of Emotional Intelligence and Stress Coping Strategies in Health Science Students" [Letter

Internet information as a factor of a person’s emotional and psychological well-being

Introduction. Information in modern society acts as a cultural tool influencing human socialisation processes. However, the amount of information consumed by a human is so extensive that it leads to information overload; its consequences on a person’s emotional and psychological well-being are not sufficiently studied, which determines the relevance of the present study. The issues of trust in mass media and human’s psychological well-being have been studied most often in modern psychological science as independent phenomena. Most often researchers focus on analysing the impact of news content on human well-being regardless of the extent of trust in it. The aim of the study was to reveal the relationship between the level of trust in digital media and a person’s emotional and psychological well-being. Materials and methods. The study involved 456 1st – 5th year students of the State University for Humanities and Social Studies (M=116, W=340, average age 19.7±2.8). The Integrative anxiety test; the Basic beliefs scale; the Psychological well-being scale were used to study one’s emotional and psychological well-being. The level of trust in mass media was measured with the use of the original questionnaire. Results. It was found that people who trust Internet media have more expressed emotional and personal problems reducing the level of their psychological well-being: anxiety about the future (p=0.004), depression (p=0.011), negative self-esteem and dissatisfaction with circumstances of their life (p=0.034). As shown by the factor analysis, the main correlatives of emotional and psychological ill-being in groups of those who trust and do not trust the media are as follows: expressed anxiety, low level of self-esteem and self-value, use of the emotional strategy for coping with stress (factor 2 “Emotional discomfort”). The ill-being of people who trust information in the Internet increases when they turn to the strategy of emotional social support in difficult situations, and the overall balance of well-being in people who do not trust the Internet can be disrupted in case of “crisis of beliefs” (factor 2 “Emotional discomfort”). Conclusion. The obtained results help to gain deeper understanding of the mechanisms of influence of Internet sources on human psychological well-being and to develop “healthy” media consumption programmes. Further research in this area can be focused on in-depth search for a set of determinant psychological variables – psychological well-being development protectors, with regard for gender, age and individual psychological characteristics of a person underlying trust in consumed information.

Internet information as a factor of a person’s emotional and psychological well-being

Introduction. Information in modern society acts as a cultural tool influencing human socialisation processes. However, the amount of information consumed by a human is so extensive that it leads to information overload; its consequences on a person’s emotional and psychological well-being are not sufficiently studied, which determines the relevance of the present study. The issues of trust in mass media and human’s psychological well-being have been studied most often in modern psychological science as independent phenomena. Most often researchers focus on analysing the impact of news content on human well-being regardless of the extent of trust in it. The aim of the study was to reveal the relationship between the level of trust in digital media and a person’s emotional and psychological well-being. Materials and methods. The study involved 456 1st – 5th year students of the State University for Humanities and Social Studies (M=116, W=340, average age 19.7±2.8). The Integrative anxiety test; the Basic beliefs scale; the Psychological well-being scale were used to study one’s emotional and psychological well-being. The level of trust in mass media was measured with the use of the original questionnaire. Results. It was found that people who trust Internet media have more expressed emotional and personal problems reducing the level of their psychological well-being: anxiety about the future (p=0.004), depression (p=0.011), negative self-esteem and dissatisfaction with circumstances of their life (p=0.034). As shown by the factor analysis, the main correlatives of emotional and psychological ill-being in groups of those who trust and do not trust the media are as follows: expressed anxiety, low level of self-esteem and self-value, use of the emotional strategy for coping with stress (factor 2 “Emotional discomfort”). The ill-being of people who trust information in the Internet increases when they turn to the strategy of emotional social support in difficult situations, and the overall balance of well-being in people who do not trust the Internet can be disrupted in case of “crisis of beliefs” (factor 2 “Emotional discomfort”). Conclusion. The obtained results help to gain deeper understanding of the mechanisms of influence of Internet sources on human psychological well-being and to develop “healthy” media consumption programmes. Further research in this area can be focused on in-depth search for a set of determinant psychological variables – psychological well-being development protectors, with regard for gender, age and individual psychological characteristics of a person underlying trust in consumed information.

“When can I get angry?” Journalists’ coping strategies and emotional management in hostile situations

Research shows that emotional management is often part of journalists’ decision-making in the news creation process and when dealing with attacks, insults, or harassment, which we describe by the umbrella term hostility. Some emotional management strategies can lead journalists to self-censorship or to mental health problems when they do not recognise and deal with emotions. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate how journalists react to hostility against them by using emotional coping strategies and emotional management. We carried out 18 semi-structured interviews with news journalists in Estonia from June 2021 to December 2021. The results showed that although hostility is a part of journalists’ everyday work-life, many lack a strategy to deal with it. We can say that there are three types of perceptions and reactions: (1) the thick-skinned journalist who does not see problems with hostility and, therefore, does not take any action against receiving the hostility. (2) The pragmatically conformist journalist who sometimes sees problems with hostility and believes the solution is to grow a thicker skin. (3) The journalist who is not a punching bag and sees a problem in being constantly bombarded by hostility, most of whom seek protection from it or help to fight against it.

Changes in Stress Reduction Following a 28-Day Prostate Cancer Patient Empowerment Program (PC-PEP) among Prostate Cancer Survivors.

Prostate cancer (PCa) survivors often experience post-treatment challenges that impact their well-being and mental health. The Prostate Cancer Patient Empowerment Program (PC-PEP) aims to address these issues through a comprehensive intervention, involving daily meditation/breathing exercises, physical activity, pelvic floor exercises, emotional connection strategies, and peer support. This study presents a secondary analysis of a Phase 2 feasibility study that evaluated the effects of a 28-day PC-PEP intervention on stress reduction. Thirty patients with PCa from the Maritimes, Canada, underwent pre- and post-intervention assessments to measure brainwave activity (delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma) using the Muse™ headband, and heart rate variability (HRV) using the HeartMath® Inner Balance™ as indicators of stress reduction. A statistically significant Time × Sensor Scalp Assessment Time interaction emerged for all brain waves. Amplitudes were generally higher during the first half of the meditation assessment time but became comparable afterward. A statistically significant Time × Sensor Scalp Location × Sensor Scalp Assessment Time interaction also emerged for alpha waves, indicating higher prefrontal lobe amplitudes than temporal lobe amplitudes from pre- to post-assessment. There were no statistically significant differences in HRV metrics from pre- to post-intervention, except for a marginally significant achievement score, indicating increased HRV coherence post-intervention. The findings suggest that the stress reduction component of PC-PEP successfully improved outcomes related to decreased stress. These results have implications for the development of future iterations of PC-PEP interventions, aiming to optimize participant benefits.

Video-Based Feedback for Collaborative Reflection among Mentors, University Tutors and Students

Using video technology to support individual and collaborative reflection in pre-service teacher education is an increasingly common practice. This paper explores the type of teaching practice challenges identified by the pre-service teachers and the feedback provided during analysis by school mentors and university tutors through the use of the VEO app to supervise a teaching practicum. Student teachers selected and uploaded a short clip of their dissatisfied interventions during the practicum to the app. Each student analyzed their clip and received online feedback from their school mentor and university tutor. The objectives were to analyze the challenges in the chosen video clips, identify which mentoring feedback episodes occurred, characterize them according to their feedback strategies and analyze differences between school mentors’ and university tutors’ feedback. We conducted a descriptive and exploratory study with a sample of 12 pre-service teachers, their school mentors and their university tutors. Pre-service teachers identified communication and the learning climate as frequent challenges. University tutors used more emotional feedback strategies and a greater range of task assistance feedback than school mentors. Three types of feedback episodes were identified (complementary, collaboration and school mentor-centered episodes). Implications in teacher learning and mentoring programs were discussed.

ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF EMOTIONAL MARKETING BASED ON CONSUMER LOYALTY OF MOBILE PHONE BRANDS: THE SEQUENTIAL MEDIATING ROLES OF BRAND IDENTITY AND BRAND TRUST

With the advent of digital technology and social media, mobile phone companies are increasingly turning to emotional marketing to appeal to consumers’ inner preferences. The purpose of this study is to examine the economic consequences of emotional marketing on customer loyalty, while taking into account the mediating variables of brand identity and brand trust. By surveying 647 digitally-savvy consumers in China, the proposed model was empirically validated. The results suggest that emotional marketing plays a crucial role in fostering consumer loyalty towards mobile phone brands, and that brand identity and brand trust play sequential mediating roles in the impact of emotional marketing on consumer loyalty. This research enhances our understanding of emotional marketing and consumer loyalty, and offers valuable insights for mobile phone brands seeking to implement effective emotional marketing strategies.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), cognitive control, and perceived seizure control in patients with epilepsy: An exploratory study

Epilepsy is often linked to various psychiatric symptoms, with anxiety, depression, and interictal dysphoric disorders being the most prevalent. Few studies have investigated posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in epilepsy, but they suggest a notable prevalence of PTSD. PTSD is known to be associated with cognitive impairments, particularly memory and executive functions.Our proposed exploratory study aims to investigate executive attentional control and emotional inhibition in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) who exhibit PTSD symptoms compared with a healthy control group. Additionally, some PWE can manage their seizures using emotional and cognitive strategies, we find it relevant to explore the connection between their regulation abilities, cognitive control performance, and PTSD symptoms.We included 54 PWE and 60 healthy participants. They completed anxiety and depression scales as well as two questionnaires assessing PTSD symptoms and a questionnaire that measured the perceived self-control of seizures. We measured executive control using an executive control task (Attention Network Test, ANT) and an emotional Go/No-Go task. We found a positive correlation between PTSD scores (PDS-5) and performance at the ANT task. In contrast, in the emotional inhibition (Go/No-Go) task, behavioral inhibition errors were positively correlated with PTSD scores, specifically with hypervigilance symptoms in PTSD+ patients. There was a positive correlation between response reaction times in an aversive condition and PTSD scores: the more severe the PTSD symptoms, the faster the PWE identified stimuli in the angry face condition of the Go/No-Go task. Regarding perceived seizure control, we found correlations between alertness and PTSD symptoms associated with seizure anticipation during the inter- and peri-ictal periods. Patients with PTSD symptoms reported better seizure control.Our findings suggest that epilepsy patients with PTSD experience cognitive changes such as heightened executive attentional control, weakened emotional inhibition, and improved seizure control perception.

Mental health nurses' experience of resilience during COVID-19: Aqualitative inquiry.

The COVID-19 pandemic created unprecedented demands and additional stress for nurses in mental health settings. There is no prior evidence on nurses' experience of building and maintaining resilience in the context of work during COVID-19. The aim of this study was to explore the experience and impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the resilience of nurses in mental health settings. Data from semi-structured interviews with 20 nurses from an Australian mental health service were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Four main themes were generated: experiencing significant disruptions; making sense of shared chaos; having professional commitment; and growing through the challenges. Nurses' practice and teamwork were disrupted by COVID-19 related changes to care models and infection prevention policies. They successfully adjusted by having awareness of self and others' emotions, using mental and emotional self-regulatory strategies, engaging in self-care, using 'bricolage' to create different ways to provide care, and having mutually supportive relationships. Nurses connected to their sense of purpose and professional commitment to fuel their therapeutic work and sustain care delivery. They experienced personal and professional growth with an increased understanding of their strengths and resilience. In the post-pandemic period, although the challenges presented by the pandemic have lessened, there are ongoing negative impacts on nurses' wellbeing. To maintain and strengthen their wellbeing and practice, the findings indicate the importance of professional development in emotional regulation skills, and strategies to strengthen self-care and build collegial relationships in teams. Resilience education can be implemented to support nurses' resilient practice skills.

Emotional and Behavioral Response and Coping Strategies of Nursing Students During Covid-19 Epidemic: A Longitudinal Study

Introduction: Little is known about changes in levels of psychological and behavior impact and coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic among nursing students. This study investigated nursing students’ emotional and behavioral responses and coping strategies against COVID-19. Methods: A university online survey was used to collect demographic information, a history of contact with people who had the COVID-19 for 14 days, emotional and behavioural response scales, and to modify the Brief COPE to assess coping strategies. One-way ANOVAs were used to compare the mean emotional and behavioral responses and coping strategy scores. Results: A total of 396 valid and complete questionnaires were retrieved, with a response rate of 96.59%. The mean ages ranged from 19 to 45 years old (M = 24.14, SD ± 3.68), and the majority were female (n = 245, 61.9%). Nursing students have lower scores of problem-focused copings (M = 1.42, SD ± 0.30), emotional-focused coping (M = 2.00, SD ± 0.26), but higher scores of avoidant coping (M = 2.92, SD ± 0.51). The anxiety and fear were significantly different in relation to age, smoking, and drinking warm water habits, and there was no family history of chronic illness. Problem-focused coping proved to be the influencing factor (R2 = 0.381) for students’ anxiety (β = 0.045, p = 0.004), fear (β = 0.309, p = 0.000), and anger (β =- 0.273, p = 0.000). Conclusion: These results could serve as evidence that hospitals or nursing homes could provide psychological support to students by providing timely psychological assistance, training in coping strategies, and taking a variety of interventions to create an optimistic environment and guarantee personal safety for students.

The impact of emotional scaffolding on online teaching and learning in Palestinian English language classrooms during COVID-19

ABSTRACT The sudden global shift to online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic required teachers to place more emphasis on strategies that increased student engagement and supported their online learning. Emotional scaffolding is one such strategy that assisted learners by creating positive emotional experiences and representations during the learning process. Applying the lens of (Meyer, D. K., and J. C. Turner. 2007. “Scaffolding Emotions in Classrooms.” In Emotion in Education, edited by P. A. Schutz, and R. Pekrun, 243–258. Elsevier Academic Press) pedagogical goals for emotional scaffolding, this strategy was used in synchronous English language courses taught online at a Palestinian university. The aim was to mitigate pandemic and contextual stresses and overcome challenges associated with online learning by stimulating interactions that developed language skills. To understand students’ perceptions of how emotional scaffolding impacted their learning, data from 97 students enrolled in various English language courses were gathered over the fall, spring, and summer semesters of the academic year 2020/2021. The data included two case studies, field note observations, and an anonymized online questionnaire. Results indicated that students had positive attitudes towards the use of emotional scaffolding strategies to support their online learning. Recommendations for implementation are provided.

Burden of care and coping strategies among informal caregivers of people with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in rural south-western Uganda

BackgroundCaregiving is a draining role that inflicts a significant level of burden upon caregivers for older people with Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD). Caregiver burden is associated with poor health outcomes for both the people with BPSD and their caregivers. This study explored the burden of care and coping strategies used by informal caregivers of older people with BPSD in rural Southwestern Uganda.MethodsThis was a qualitative study among informal caregivers of older people with BPSD in Rubanda and Rukiga districts. We conducted in-depth interviews with a purposive sample of 27 caregivers using an interview guide. The interviews were conducted in the local language, audio recorded, transcribed, translated into English, and thematically analyzed.ResultsThere were two major themes: caregiver burden and coping strategies. Caregiver burden was described as financial, physical, psychological and social. Caregivers mainly used emotion-focused coping strategies (religious coping, acceptance and emotional support seeking). Problem-focused coping strategies (planning) and dysfunctional coping strategies (self-distraction) were used to a lesser extent.ConclusionInformal caregivers of people with BPSD adopted both emotional and problem-focused coping strategies to cope with the burden of care for people with BPSD. Such coping strategies seemed to lighten the burden of caring, in the long motivating the caregivers to continue with the caring role.

The impact mechanism and boundary conditions of tourists' restoration perception on destination attachment: A resource conservation perspective

Fast-paced lifestyle and complications caused by the current COVID-19 pandemic have enlightened the needs of people to seek restorative experiences. This study draws on the conservation of resources (COR) theory and establishes a moderated mediation model to examine how and when tourists' restoration perception affects destination attachment. Data were collected from 456 visitors to Hainan Island in China. The results show that tourists' restoration perception positively affects subjective well-being and self-congruity. Subjective well-being and self-congruity completely mediate the indirect relationship between tourists' restoration perception and destination attachment. Travel memory positively moderates the effects of subjective well-being and self-congruity on destination attachment. Our findings enrich the extant knowledge on the restorative effect of tourist destinations and people-place relationships and provide insights into emotional marketing strategies for tourism destination management.

Coping with Transgressions by the Romantic Partner: An Inventory Validation and its Correlation with Forgiveness

Almost every person has to deal with transgressions committed by a romantic partner and faces their negative psychological outcomes, and coping strategies might be key to understanding post-transgression dynamics and forgiveness. We tested the construct validity of the Inventory of Strategies for Coping with a Partner's Transgression which include the emotion (E-FCS), problem (P-FCS), and meaning-focused coping strategies (M-FCS) scales. Results replicated the factor structure of each of the three scales through confirmatory factor analysis techniques, tested its reliability with the McDonald’s omega coefficient, and then correlated the scales with forgiveness and resentment, strengthening its construct validity. In general, the validity and reliability of scales were confirmed. Emotion-focused strategies showed a negative correlation with forgiveness, while problem and meaning-focused strategies had a positive correlation. These findings were discussed in the context of theory and their practical implications.

Delivering Bad News: Emotional Perspective and Coping Strategies of Medical Students.

The aim of our study was to analyze students' emotional experiences and coping mechanisms regarding the situation of delivering bad news (DBN). 291 fifth- and sixth-year students from 14 medical universities took part in our study. Their responses were analyzed from the perspective of their experience - whether the individuals received bad news, delivered bad news themselves, witnessed bad news being delivered, or had no experience at all. We used content analysis (CA) to examine the responses and analyzed classified variables using χ2 tests, logistic regression, and predictive modeling with multiple correspondence analysis (MCA). Students who had experience as a deliverer were more likely to experience failure and guilt (p=0.005). Predictions of anxiety (59.3%), stress (41.9%), and sadness (33.7%) were the highest in the students with no DBN experience. These students were most likely to make statements suggesting lack of methods and strategies for coping with difficult emotions. Students, who were immersed in DBN experiences, more often expressed the need to talk about their emotions with an experienced doctor, a family member or a friend, and used those conversations as a coping strategy. The most important aspects that influence the quality of delivering bad news are both communication skills and emotional context. Training regarding DBN should not only contain those two elements, but also consider the development of coping mechanisms.