Emotional Signs Research Articles

Chen Hongshou's Laments

AbstractHistorians of Chinese literature and philosophy have written extensively about the significance of emotion (qing 情) in late Ming times (1522–1644). But how did a pictorial image manifest emotion, and how were its visible signs of emotion conceptualized? This article considers the dilemma that painters faced in general when they represented an expressive body: How could the display of emotion in gesture and facial expression be contained within the bounds of propriety? The author examines, in particular, how Chen Hongshou 陳洪綬 (1598–1652) resolved this dilemma in two figural paintings, one of which represents a sorrowful woman, and the other, a worried drunkard. She argues that Chen's representation of sorrow and anxiety was inextricably tied to the pictorial conventions utilized by the print designers of his day to illustrate dramatic, emotionally charged moments in a story. Hence, Chen animated the actors in his paintings with emphatic gestures and poses, complementing their expressive bodies with more subtly shaped facial features. But Chen's incorporation into his painting of what was at the time readily identified as “print” disturbed his figural compositions. As much as the expressive figures aroused an empathetic response from his viewers, the juxtaposition of incompatible manners of representation also made his work seem strange and preposterous. However, Chen's visual laments were derived from poems and historical anecdotes. The author argues that the verbal texts to which he alluded not only enhanced and justified his viewers' empathetic response to his paintings but also enabled him to delineate emotions that were otherwise eschewed by the painters of his time.

The Role of Emotional Intelligence in Self-Actualization of Personality

The article is aimed to reveal the analysis of the emotional intelligence role in adult age personality self-actualization process. The relevance of emotional intelligence and self-actualization connection study in the context of modern scientific discourses and crisis conditions of society is described. The article summarizes the results of theoretical analysis of the problem of self-actualization. The most significant features of the self-actualization process from the point of view of humanistic psychology are presented. Also, methodological principles and basic aspects of self-actualization understanding in domestic psychology are described according to the methodological principles of the activity approach. The essential features of emotional intelligence of the personality, its structure are determined. It is substantiated that emotional intelligence is connected with the process of individual’s self-actualization through realization of the personality in the fullness of his own emotional life, ability to experience peak emotions, emotional sphere content control, etc. The methodological bases of the study, the specifics of the sample and the compared diagnostic groups are described. The empirical data of the person’s self-actualization study, its most significant parameters, expressiveness of different aspects of emotional intelligence are analyzed. The obtained empirical data are interpreted in accordance with classical and modern scientific views on the nature of the self-actualization processes and emotional intelligence. The emotional intelligence indicators expressiveness in intra- and interpersonal plane was interpreted in two groups – respondents who receive a second higher education in the specialty "Psychology" and those who aim to self-actualize. The predominance of interpersonal emotional intelligence and its components – understanding other people's emotions and managing other people's emotions – in the sample, which aim at their own self-actualization, is statistically substantiated and substantively analyzed. Also, the tendency towards identification of one's own emotional sphere content, its expression and indicator of emotional intelligence in general was expressed for both groups of the studied. On the basis of empirical data generalization the tendency of self-actualization and emotional intelligence signs combination in of personality’s functioning is revealed.

«Эмоциограмма» восприятия младшими школьниками исполнительских интерпретаций музыкальных произведений

In the article the results of an empirical express-research of features of impact of performing interpretation on the emotional sphere of primary school-age children are analyzed. The main coordinates of emotional experience of music – a modality, sign (valency), semantic space, intensity, dynamics, complexity level (monomodality – polymodality) and contents (intentionality), are considered. For the purpose of comparative analysis of perception results, performing versions of musical works С. Debussy’s Prelude “The wind on the plain” (electronic transcription in the arrangement of E. Artemyev and piano option of B. Lotar-Shevchenko) and Chopin’s Prelude in C major (treatments: R. Kerer and M. Pollini) are used. As a result of the analysis of empirical data, the principal effect of emotional influence of performing interpretation of the work is determined. It consists in the specific organization of emotional relationships, regrouping of emotional signs and estimates, emphasis of creative resources of the child and manifestation of the highest feelings – esthetic, hedonistic, romantic, and intellectual, etc. The model of empirical research, the differentiated structure of emotional relationships, the revealed features of the impact of the musical-performing image on the emotional sphere of junior schoolchildren not only determine the prospects for further research in the psychology of art, but also the possibility of integrating the experience of implementing this model in the process of forming the student competence in the field of music and performing culture and the development of the emotional sphere of children in the system music education.

Structure of information technology for the removal of emotional signs from a speech signal

The goal of the article is to describe the methods and algorithms of information technology for removal of emotional signs from the speech signal which has been proposed by the authors. Methods of extracting and transforming emotional features, as well as methods of classification of speech signals obtained after transformation are described. The task of removing emotions will be considered successful if, after the transformations, the emotion classifier assigns a speech signal to a class of emotionless speech. The scheme for solving the problem consists of the following steps: 1) extracting informative features and establishing the boundaries of conversion; 2) transforming input data informative features; 3) checking the effectiveness of the transformation. The first algorithm used for transformation is the PSOLA (Pitch-Synchronous OverLap and Add) algorithm designed to change the pitch of the main tone by stretching and compressing the signal on the timeline. The PSOLA algorithm can be used to shift the pitch of voice, retaining the formant position, and thus the identity of the vowels. The basic idea is to extend the time on pitch marks, while the shape of the audio wave of the segment does not change. The second method of transformation, the normalization of the dynamic range of the logarithm of energy, reduces the distribution of energy due to different levels of background noise [2]. The input parameter for the energy normalization unit is the frame energy. Energy is replaced by the energy logarithm based on the similarity to the logarithmic perception of sound by the human auditory system, and also due to the stability of the logarithm to the sharp changes in the energy level. To test the effectiveness of the transformation, the task of recognizing emotions in a language requires the building of a classifier. The input data for classifying and recognizing were emotional expressions, each of which was represented by a set of signs: the frequency of the main tone, the energy and the frequency of crossing zero. Global signs of the minimum, the maximum and the average of each of the sets of values are the vector of expressions. For the classification a model of a mixture of normal sections was used. Using the constructed statistical model of the speech signal, the a posteriori probability of belonging of the utterance to the emotionally neutral class was calculated. The output speech signal meets the set criterion of a successful solution of the problem as formal (result of classification) and perceptual signs, which allows to consider the task of removing emotional features solved.

Effect of l-theanine tablets in reducing stress-related emotional signs in cats: an open-label field study

BackgroundL-theanine is an aminoacid found in tea leaves which has relaxing effects in humans and animals. It is a structural analogue of glutamate which can bind glutamate receptors. Although the relaxing action of L-theanine has been shown in humans, laboratory animals and dogs, it has never been published in cats. The goal of this open-label, multicentre and prospective trial was to determine whether an L-theanine based oral supplement (Anxitane®, Virbac, France) could attenuate manifestations of stress in cats under field conditions.Case presentationThirty-three privately owned cats presenting signs associated with stress or fear (inappropriate urination/defecation, fear-induced aggressiveness, hypervigilance/tenseness or physical/functional manifestations of stress) for at least 1 month, were included in the study. They were given L-theanine (Anxitane®, 25 mg twice a day) for 30 days and 20 stress-related parameters were scored at Days 0, 15 and 30. The evolution of some parameters was also rated relative to Day 0. All median scores of the 20 parameters were significantly reduced at D30, and 30/33 cats (91%) had a reduced global score at the end of the study, including 21/33 with ≥50% score reduction. The median (IQR) global scores went from 18 (13–23) at D0 to 11 (8–13) at D15 and 5 (3–12) at D30 (p < 0.0001; Friedman test; significant reduction starting from D15). All the stress-related signs were significantly improved compared to D0, according to the owners, especially inappropriate elimination. Tablet palatability was judged good or very good in 94% of cases with spontaneous intake by cats when given by hand or in food. Tolerance was satisfactory as well, and no side effects were reported, so that most owners (27/33; 82%) were satisfied with the product.ConclusionsDespite the lack of a placebo group, it can be concluded that L-theanine (Anxitane®) helped to improve the undesirable manifestations of stress in cats in as soon as 15 days, though better results could be seen after 30 days of administration. These encouraging results show that L-theanine can help manage stress-related behaviour, but additional trials with a placebo group should be run to confirm this effect.

Emotional Processing In Patients with Ischemic Heart Diseases.

BACKGROUND:Cardiovascular disease is the most prevalent public health problem on a worldwide scale, and ischemic heart disease accounts for approximately one-half of these events in high-income countries. One of the most important risk factors for this disease is mental and psychological especially stressful experiences.AIM:This research was established to compare emotional processing, as a key factor in stress appraisal, between IHD patients and people with no cardiovascular disease.METHODS:Using simple sampling, fifty patients were selected from people who diagnosed as IHD in the hospital and referred for treatment after discharging care and treatment. Control group participants were selected as control group peoples, using neighbourhood controls selection. The Emotional Processing Scale was filled by all members of the two groups.RESULTS:There were significant differences between the two groups on the EPS-25 total scores, as well as on emotional processing dimensions of signs of unprocessed emotion, unregulated emotion; avoidance and impoverished. Also, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the dimension of Suppression. The final step of regression revealed a β of 10.15 and 1.05 for AVO and IEE subscales respectively.CONCLUSION:The result showed that patients with IHD are using more negative emotional processing styles.

Gambaran Coping Strategy pada Remaja Puteri yang Melakukan Pernikahan Dini

The adolescents usually spent time as a student. However, there were adolescents who married early which may cause them to lose one of the most important duties in their adolescences period, such as preparing for marriage and household. Adolescents who married in early age have a new role in their life as an adult. Marriage life came with its own problems that may cause stressors. Stressors can be solved by individual’s coping strategies. Coping is the way individual deal with stressful situation. The purpose of this study was to explore the coping used by married adolescents at the age of 15-16 years old in Bandung. This study used qualitative method and phenomenology research with three key informants. The results of this study show that three subjects used emotion-focused coping more dominant than problem-focused coping. The reason was the subjects mostly use feeling and show emotional signs when they have problems.

A Study on Premenstrual Syndromes of High School girl-students in Ilam City (western Iran), 2015

Introduction: Premenstrual syndromes are among the disorders associated with reproductive age that includes physical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral signs during the luteal phase that occurs periodically from 7 to 14 days before menstruation. These signs are not present at the begining of menstruation or during the first few days of bleeding. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of premenstrual syndromes in high school girls of Ilam during the year 2015. Materials & Methods: This descriptive-analytic study has been performed on 266 single girl- students aged from 15 to 18 years, with the average age of 16.34, considered to have regular and natural menstruation cycles (with gaps of 21 to 35 days between each two menstruations lasting for 3 to 7 days). To assess the frequency of premenstrual syndromes, the prospective questionnaires (Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool: PSST) was used for two consecutive cycles. In this research, statistical tests such as Chi-square, Variance analysis, and Logistic regression were applied to analyze the data. Findings: Based on our results, the frequency of medium or sever premenstrual syndromes was 36.84% and the frequency of premenstrual dysphoric disorder was 11.65%. According to logistic regression model, severe bleeding multiplies chances of the individuals suffering from dysphoric disorder by 5.1 times, while pain multiplies chances of the girls suffering from premenstrual syndrome about 4.1. There was a significant relation between the mild and severe premenstrual syndrome with pain, (P less-than 0.001), and also between premenstrual dysphoric disorder and volume of bleeding (P less-than 0.01). Investigating the mean for the 19 signs, the highest averages stood for fatigue, possession of physical signs, trouble or lack of concentration, reduction in interest of participation in normal routines, and anger; while the lowest average stood for over eating. Discussion & Conclusion: Our research concluded that prevalence of such syndromes among Ilami's high school girl-students was relatively high. Considering the negative effects of these syndromes on physical condition as well as psychological, emotional, and social wellbeing of teenagers, and the significance of this period from the educational point of view, more investigations and interventional moves are recommended to manage these signs.

Atlético Nacional-Millonarios. Comunicación emotiva y localismo en el discurso del diario El Colombiano

El presente artículo es producto del rastreo de elementos de comunicación emotiva contenida en textos informativos publicados en el periódico El Colombiano de Medellín (Colombia), acerca del clásico de fútbol entre Atlético Nacional de Medellín y Millonarios, de Bogotá (1). Para ello, esta indagación combinó metodológicamente el análisis del discurso y los modos retóricos en contextos de comunicación emotiva a partir de presupuestos teóricos de autores como Chaim Perelman, Christian Plantin y Teun Van Dijk para la localización no sólo de elementos directos de emoción sino también de indicios situacionales de emoción que se conectan con cuestiones identitarias de orden local. En general se estableció que el empleo de datos e informaciones relacionadas con la confrontación protagonizada por los actores directos del fútbol (jugadores, entrenadores, directivos), antes y después de cada juego, presenta sesgos discursivos que incentivan una visión particularista de la realidad en esta región. En otras palabras, los términos y alusiones emotivas en estos artículos periodísticos acuden, explícita o implícitamente, a lugares comunes que se encuentran en la consciencia protonacional de lectores del departamento de Antioquia.

Development of the Weight-Related Sign and Symptom Measure

BackgroundOverweight and obesity have been associated with physical and emotional signs & symptoms. Research has shown that modest weight loss can mitigate some symptoms in individuals with overweight or obesity. This study’s purpose was to conduct concept elicitation (CE) interviews to provide documented qualitative support for the development of the Weight-Related Sign and Symptom Measure (WRSSM) to assess weight-related signs/symptoms in U.S. adults with overweight or obesity, with or without type 2 diabetes (T2DM).Eight focus groups were conducted in the U.S. with adults with overweight or obesity to understand weight-related sign/symptom impact from the patient perspective. Individual interviews were conducted with clinical experts to understand the impact of overweight or obesity on patient signs and symptoms. Transcripts were analyzed to identify symptoms and observable signs. A clinical challenge was conducted with clinical experts to confirm the signs/symptoms were clinically relevant, important to patients, and would improve with modest weight loss. Cognitive debriefing (CD) was conducted with individuals with overweight or obesity to confirm readability and symptom relevance.ResultsCE interviews were conducted with four clinical experts, and 61 people, 32% of whom had T2DM, participated in the focus groups. Analyses identified two major areas of obesity impacts: weight-related physical signs/symptoms, and emotional impacts. The most frequently reported physical signs/symptoms were feeling tired (74%), shortness of breath (69%), and joint pain (64%). The most often reported emotional impacts included poor self-image (72%) and depression (51%). Twelve signs/symptoms were identified during item generation and included on the preliminary measure. Twelve adults with overweight/obesity, who were not part of the focus groups, participated in CD. After the CD, a validation-ready, 10-item WRSSM measure was generated.ConclusionsFindings provide evidence of content validity for the validation-ready WRSSM in U.S. adults with overweight or obesity, including people with and without T2DM.

The effects of goutweed (Aegopodium podagraria L.) tincture on the background of toxic doses of allopurinol with the excessive intake of purine derivatives and proteins

There is an increasing interest in the use of herbal preparations as part of the combined therapy, including cases of hyperuricemia and gout. Preparations of goutweed (Aegopodium podagraria L.) aerial part are characterized by organoprotective and favorable metabolic effects, including the effect on the uric acid metabolism largely related to hydroxycinnamic acids. Allopurinol continues to be the most widely used hypouricemic drug.Aim. To characterize the renal, metabolic, and psychotropic effects of goutweed tincture combined with allopurinol in rats under the conditions of the excessive intake of purine derivatives and proteins.Materials and methods. The experiments were performed on the background of the excessive intake of purine derivatives and proteins in rats (10-day administration of the yeast extract in the dose of 10 g/kg with addition of molybdenum in the amount of 0.3 mg per animal and i/p injection of inosine in the dose of 50 mg/150 g). Goutweed tincture (1 ml/kg), allopurinol (50 mg/kg) and their combination were administered intragastrically during the whole period of the studies. The state of the excretory renal function, biochemical parameters of the blood plasma, the activity of xanthine oxidase (CSR) and the content of uric acid in the liver and kidneys, as well as the state of the CNS in the combined open field and an elevated plus maze tests were studied. Results. The renal injury on the background of excessive purine derivatives and proteins was verified by the criteria of hyperfiltration with increased water reabsorption and reduced ability of the kidney to excrete water load, a decrease in urea clearance and an increase of proteinuria. The level of urea and nitrogen of amino groups of the low-molecular compounds in the blood plasma increased in the absence of changes in creatininemia and uricemia (with a marked increase of renal excretion of uric acid on the background of the liver xanthine oxidase increased activity). Under the conditions of the excessive intake of purine derivatives and proteins goutweed tincture provided effective excretion of potassium, normalized the total protein content in the blood, as well as urea clearance without affecting other parameters and not leading to toxic effects. It also did not change the uric acid content and the xanthine oxidase activity of the liver and kidneys. On the background of allopurinol, the severity of the kidney damage increased with the threefold increase in the relative kidney weight, hyperazotemia, an abrupt decrease in GFR and urea clearance, reabsorption decrease, a tendency to increase in natriemia and, especially kalemia, a significant increase of proteinuria, as well as an increase in the total protein content in the blood. Goutweed tincture did not enhance the toxicity of allopurinol and did not prevent xanthine oxidase inhibition. It exerted the marked antiproteinuric effect, maintained sodium reabsorption, leading to the decrease in its excretion, reduced natriemia on the background of normokalemia. The tincture reduced the anxiety of animals in the elevated plus maze test, this effect was evident when the tincture was combined with allopurinol; in this case the intensity of vegetative and emotional signs in the open field test was also reduced. Conclusions. Goutweed tincture does not enhance the toxicity of allopurinol under the conditions of the excessive intake of purine derivatives and proteins.

Emotional State Classification in Virtual Reality Using Wearable Electroencephalography

This paper presents the classification of emotions on EEG signals. One of the key issues in this research is the lack of mental classification using VR as the medium to stimulate emotion. The approach towards this research is by using K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Firstly, each of the participant will be required to wear the EEG headset and recording their brainwaves when they are immersed inside the VR. The data points are then marked if they showed any physical signs of emotion or by observing the brainwave pattern. Secondly, the data will then be tested and trained with KNN and SVM algorithms. The accuracy achieved from both methods were approximately 82% throughout the brainwave spectrum (α, β, γ, δ, θ). These methods showed promising results and will be further enhanced using other machine learning approaches in VR stimulus.

MENTAL IMAGE ENGINEERING, CREATIVE PROBLEMS, EMOTIONAL EVALUATIONS

This paper describes some results in the development and reflection of creative thinking and intuition of a specialist in the field of artificial intelligence systems. Problems of Jmage engineering, including the elicitation of main differences between image and concept; in particular, between image-based and concept-based mechanisms of information processing (problem solving) are considered. The leading role of neural networks and fuzzy models in the computer implementation of creative thinking is shown. The nature of creative tasks, characterized by the identification and resolution of contradictions in the conditions of the tasks being solved, is considered. A special attention is paid to the role of intuition and emotions in solving creative problems. Such important functions of emotions as instrument of behavior control, tools of activating creative resources and evaluation mechanism (an intra-systemic critic) are revealed. The algebra of emotions is introduced that allows us to calculate the sign and magnitude of a complex emotion by using simple operations over its components. A binary tree of emotions is built on the basis of reflexive estimates. The novelty of the paper is related to the algebra of emotions, entropic models of emotional states characteristics and the construction of emotion tree viewed as a way of specifying secondary human emotions by evaluating the performance of other people.

On the notion of metaphor in sign languages

Abstract Metaphors in sign languages have been an important research topic in recent years, and Taub’s (2001) model of metaphor formation in signs has been influential in the field. In this paper, we analyze metaphors in signs of cognition and emotions in Russian Sign Language (RSL) and argue for a modification of Taub’s (2001) theory of metaphor. We demonstrate that metaphor formation in RSL uses a number of mechanisms: a concrete sign can acquire metaphorical meaning without change, a part of a sequential compound can acquire a metaphorical meaning, and a morpheme within a productive sign or a simultaneous compound can acquire a metaphorical meaning. All these processes have parallels in spoken languages, so we argue for a modality-independent model of metaphor formation where metaphorical mapping is divorced from iconicity.

NOAEL-dose of a neonicotinoid pesticide, clothianidin, acutely induce anxiety-related behavior with human-audible vocalizations in male mice in a novel environment

Neonicotinoids are novel systemic pesticides acting as agonists on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) of insects. Experimental studies have revealed that neonicotinoids pose potential risks for the nervous systems of non-target species, but the brain regions responsible for their behavioral effects remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to assess the neurobehavioral effects of clothianidin (CTD), a later neonicotinoid developed in 2001 and widely used worldwide, and to explore the target regions of neonicotinoids in the mammalian brain. A single-administration of 5 or 50mg/kg CTD to male C57BL/6N mice at or below the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) induced an acute increase in anxiety during the elevated plus-maze test. In addition, mice in the CTD-administered group spontaneously emitted human-audible vocalizations (4–16kHz), which are behavioral signs of aversive emotions, and showed increased numbers of c-fos immunoreactive cells in the paraventricular thalamic nucleus and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. In conclusion, mice exposed to NOAEL-dose CTD would be rendered vulnerable to a novel environment via the activation of thalamic and hippocampal regions related to stress responses. These findings should provide critical insight into the neurobehavioral effects of neonicotinoids on mammals.

Behavioral and brain oscillatory correlates of affective processing in subclinical depression

ABSTRACTNamed among the most dangerous diseases of the modern era, depression is characterized primarily by distortions in the affective sphere. Despite extensive investigations of underlying the neural background, mechanisms of the distortion still remain unknown. The current study analyzed brain oscillatory dynamics in different frequencies during resting state and presentation of affective stimuli in nonclinical individuals with high Beck Depression Inventory–II (BDI–II) scores (HB) versus controls. Both behavioral and electrocortical “markers” of clinical depression were apparent at subclinical level. A resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) of HB revealed increased power in low frequencies, predominantly in the frontal cortical areas, that is in accordance with a “spatio-temporal dysfunction” model of depression. Related to that, transition from an eyes-closed to eyes-open condition was associated with diminished alpha blockade in HB, suggesting difficulties with the relocation of attention focus from inner processes toward environmental stimuli. Subsequently, independently of a sign of emotion, five out of six discrete emotions were evaluated as less valenced and four out of six as less intense by HB than by controls, corroborating the view of emotion context insensitivity (ECI) associated with depression. Underlying brain oscillatory dynamics revealed that depression was associated with deficits in the early, implicit, processing stages of emotional stimuli. Later processing stages were characterized by prominent power surges in low and alpha frequencies, presumably indicating emotion upregulation processes and increased engagement of cognitive mechanisms in affective tasks. The study provides brain oscillatory-based mechanisms of emotion processing distortions associated with depression.

“Those who care much, understand much.” Maternal perceptions of children's appetite: Perspectives from urban and rural caregivers of diverse parenting experience in Bangladesh

Appetite in children is an important determinant of nutritional intake and growth. The information used by caregivers to understand children's appetite can help inform infant and young child feeding promotion and appetite assessment. We conducted a qualitative study to (a) explore maternal perceptions and responses to children's appetite and (b) to identify how these factors differ by type of caregiver, level of maternal experience, and urban versus rural context. We used purposive sampling to recruit mothers and alternate caregivers into 14 total focus group discussions (six to eight participants in each group; N=95) in both urban and rural settings in Bangladesh. To understand children's appetite, caregivers monitor children's dietary patterns, emotional signs, and physical and verbal cues. Healthy appetite was observed by willingness to eat diverse foods, finish offered portions, and by acceptance of foods without excessive prompting. Child illness was cited for a cause of low appetite, which was manifested through fussiness, and avoiding commonly consumed foods. Mothers described a limited set of feeding practices (offering diverse foods, playing, and cheering children with videos) to encourage consumption when children lacked appetite. Mothers' stress related to work was noted as a barrier to identifying appetite cues. Urban mothers described a lower access to instrumental social support for child feeding but informational support than mothers in the rural setting. Understanding caregivers' perceptions of children's appetite may inform strategies to improve responsive feeding and tool development to assess changes in appetite as early indicators of change in health or nutrition status among high-risk children.

Preliminary behavioral assessment of cagemates living with conspecifics submitted to chronic restraint stress in mice.

The capacity of rodents to recognize and respond to emotional signs from a conspecific is a valuable adaptive behavior, which provides essential skills for species survival. However, repeated exposure to aversive situations may elicit maladaptive behavioral responses in subjects that experience noxious episodes and their colony members. Previous findings by our group demonstrated that living with a subject in neuropathic pain induces anxiogenic-like behaviors and hypernociception in mice. Whereas chronic pain may be considered a stressful stimulus, we extended our findings on stress-induced emotional transfer. For this purpose, we investigated whether cohabitation with a partner subjected to chronic restraint stress was able to promote alterations in anxiety-like behaviors, pain sensibility and defensive responses. Male Swiss mice were housed in pairs for 14days and then separated into control, stress, and cagemate groups. The stress group was subjected to 14days of restraint stress (1h/day) in the presence of the cagemates, while the pair-housed control group was left undisturbed. A day after last stress session control, stress, and cagemate groups were evaluated using elevated plus maze test, writhing test, and rat exposure test. Results demonstrated that chronic stress attenuated weight gain in the stress group. Moreover, cohabitation with mice subjected to chronic restraint stress induced anxiogenic-like behaviors, pain hypernociception, and alterations in defensive responses in both cagemate and stress groups. These preliminary findings suggest that chronic exposure to aversive stimulus may induce behavioral alterations even in observers.

Emotional intelligence features at a pathology of corpus callosum (CC)

IntroductionDependents of human behavior on the hemispheric interaction quality is extremely interesting question. The СС impairments are observed at schizophrenia, autism, Tourette syndrome, ADHD, etc. Difficulties in the sphere of emotional intelligence are typical at not only frontal zones disorders and right hemisphere of brain.AimsAnalyze the emotional intelligence of the patients with CC pathologies.MethodsMethod for the recognition of facial expression (faces and gestures); Video test “estimation of another person emotional condition”; Survey for the estimation of emotional intelligence (EmIn); ten people with different CC pathologies participated.ResultsResults of the person with the CC pathologies were different from normative indexes of the first two methods. They did not recognize the shown emotion: the sign of emotional expression was not identified, the gestures were not distinguished and three positive characteristics out of 24 suggested for the designation of emotion modality were used. The emotions of heroes from video test were recognized mistakenly. The indexes were normative for all scales of EmIn survey. However quite noticeable negative correlation of“emotion control” and “interpersonal emotional intelligence” survey indexes with the index of emotional recognition video test was obtained.ConclusionsWeak emotional tone, leading to incorrect estimation of the emotional sign, is observed at CC pathology. This doesn’t exclude the violation of face emotional expressions analyze criteria. The situational context does not help the another person condition recognition. The answers on the EmIn test questions are based on subjective visions of the patient about themselves, those witnesses about the criticism reduction.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Эмотивные коды в произведении Ф.М. Достоевского «Игрок»

This article is devoted to encoding and decoding the emotional image of F.M Dostoyevsky through the variant emotive deictic field with its emotive codes in the sphere. The object is the emotional speech of the characters in the works of F.M. Dostoyevsky. The subject of the study are the emotive signs in the emotional speech of the characters of F.M. Dostoyevsky. The aim of the article is to identify the most frequent emotive signs in Dostoevsky's "The Gambler", reflecting the emotional state of the characters, through which Russian writer expresses himself.