Emotional Resources Research Articles

Psychological reactions to the coronavirus pandemic: a comparative study of Holocaust survivors and other older adults in Israel

BackgroundThe current study examines psychological reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic among older adults living in Israel. Based on the ‘life events, stress, coping and health theory,’ we hypothesized that due to their traumatic early life history and dearth of emotional and physical coping resources, Holocaust survivors would be more vulnerable than other older adults to the negative effects of this difficult and prolonged life event on their mental health.MethodsBased on structured questionnaires with closed questions, we interviewed 306 Holocaust survivors and non-survivors aged 75 + during the COVID-19 pandemic.ResultsUnivariate data analysis showed that Holocaust survivors had fewer coping resources in terms of health status and educational level than non-survivors. As expected, Holocaust survivors also reported a greater extent of COVID-19-related anxiety, and more depression, which worsened during the pandemic. However, both groups did not differ in their will to live, which is an indicator of general well-being and commitment to continue living. In multivariate analyses conducted to explain COVID-19 anxiety in the entire sample and separately on each of the two groups, the best explanatory variables were other psychological variables especially increased depression.ConclusionsIt seems that Holocaust survivors are more emotionally vulnerable to the pandemic’s negative effects than other older adults, in support of the ‘life events, stress, coping and health theory,’ but despite this, they show resilience in their will to continue living. Policy makers and practitioners are recommended to identify Holocaust survivors and other vulnerable older people and investigate their specific needs. Interventions should include practices for maintaining and boosting resilience and well-being by increasing appropriate emotional and cognitive internal and external coping resources, especially during prolonged periods of hardship.

Digital Screening and Automated Resource Identification System to Address COVID-19-Related Behavioral Health Disparities: Feasibility Study.

BackgroundDigital mental health (DMH) tools use technology (eg, websites and mobile apps) to conveniently deliver mental health resources to users in real time, reducing access barriers. Underserved communities facing health care provider shortages and limited mental health resources may benefit from DMH tools, as these tools can help improve access to resources.ObjectiveThis study described the development and feasibility evaluation of the Emotional Needs Evaluation and Resource Guide for You (ENERGY) System, a DMH tool to meet the mental health and resource needs of youth and their families developed in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The ENERGY System offers a brief assessment of resource needs; problem-solving capabilities; and symptoms of depression, anxiety, trauma, and alcohol and substance use followed by automated, personalized feedback based on the participant’s responses.MethodsIndividuals aged ≥15 years were recruited through community partners, community events, targeted electronic health record messages, and social media. Participants completed screening questions to establish eligibility, entered demographic information, and completed the ENERGY System assessment. Based on the participant’s responses, the ENERGY System immediately delivered digital resources tailored to their identified areas of need (eg, relaxation). A subset of participants also voluntarily completed the following: COVID-19 Exposure and Family Impact Survey (CEFIS) or COVID-19 Exposure and Family Impact Survey Adolescent and Young Adult Version (CEFIS-AYA); resource needs assessment; and feedback on their experience using the ENERGY System. If resource needs (eg, housing and food insecurity) were endorsed, lists of local resources were provided.ResultsA total of 212 individuals accessed the ENERGY System link, of which 96 (45.3%) completed the screening tool and 86 (40.6%) received resources. Participant responses on the mental health screening questions triggered on average 2.04 (SD 1.94) intervention domains. Behavioral Activation/Increasing Activities was the most frequently launched intervention domain (56%, 54/96), and domains related to alcohol or substance use were the least frequent (4%, 4/96). The most frequently requested support areas were finances (33%, 32/96), transportation (26%, 25/96), and food (24%, 23/96). The CEFIS and CEFIS-AYA indicated higher than average impacts from the pandemic (ie, average scores >2.5). Participants were satisfied with the ENERGY System overall (65%, 39/60) as well as the length of time it took to answer the questions (90%, 54/60), which they found easy to answer (87%, 52/60).ConclusionsThis study provided initial support for the feasibility of the ENERGY System, a DMH tool capable of screening for resource and mental health needs and providing automated, personalized, and free resources and techniques to meet the identified needs. Future studies should seek direct feedback from community members to further improve the ENERGY System and its dissemination to encourage use.

Structural violence within communities and its impact on the well-being of people with HIV (PWH)

ABSTRACT Structural violence (SV) is the concept that there are often invisible and intangible structures in place, whether political, economic, legal, cultural, religious, or social, that can inhibit individuals from reaching their full potential. There is a need to better understand the influence of SV on the well-being of people with HIV (PWH) in the Deep South. To address this gap in the literature, we interpreted data using a Structural Violence framework. In this community-based participatory research, in-depth interviews (n = 40) were conducted with PWH who previously established HIV medical care. In our study, we found that SV can have a widespread impact in communities, negatively impacting access to key tangible and emotional resources. SV themes included community crime and instability, financial insecurity, and disparate access to numerous resources known to influence health. Structures exacerbating unequal access to resources appear engrained within communities and often went unrecognized by participants as disadvantageous to achieving optimal HIV health. Greater effort is necessary to elucidate the influence and role of violent structures on access to key resources for and by PWH. A clearer understanding of SV’s influence on HIV health can inform changes addressing these structural barriers to HIV health.

Использование мемов в рамках изучения будущими педагогами начальной школы дисциплин литературоведческого цикла

The purpose of the research is theoretical and empirical study of the educational value of a meme in designing learning materials for higher education. The article presents the arguments supporting the necessity to use hypertextuality, multimedia, interactivity, and edutainment technologies as the ways to transform learning materials in literature studies in the course of training primary school teachers. The study proves the necessity to supplement the linear verbal content of the lecturer with a multicultural visual support. The transition from passive to interactive learning is due to the implementation of a system-and-activity approach, the DIY principle (do-it-yourself or “self-activity”), which gives students an opportunity to model, create, develop, and design their own educational products. The article presents various definitions of the meme in scientific discourse: the meme as a unit of non-genetic cultural information (R. Dawkins); meme as a translator of the socio-cultural code (N. A. Zinovieva); meme as a media virus (D. Rushkoff); meme as an independent media genre (Danuta Kępa-Figura); meme as a media text (S. V. Kanashina); meme as a token (M. Coeckelbergh); meme as an object of cyber-laughter culture (M. B. Rotanova, M. V. Fedorova). Hypothesis: a meme as a semantic construct, an intellectual tool comprising a cognitive component, and visual and textual narrative keeps students’ attention alert in studying the material. It has a positive emotional resource and can be considered as an implicit tool to increase the reader’s interest and students’ literary literacy. The study was carried out on a sample of students of pedagogical classes, students and graduates of pedagogical university programmes (N = 130) aged 15 to 52 years old, including 78% (101 persons) of women and 22% of men (29 persons). The researcher used a questionnaire aimed at identifying attitudes to a meme as a means of the Internet communication and educational resource (T. G. Firsova). In the applied aspect, the presented materials can be used in the teaching practice of higher education. Implementation of the edutainment technology can be realized through the use of situational cases, multimedia, interactive game elements, new genres of mass culture, including memes, motivators, and demotivators, in the educational process.

Are They Created Equal? A Relative Weights Analysis of the Contributions of Job Demands and Resources to Well-Being and Turnover Intention.

Building upon the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model (Demerouti et al., 2001) and the extensive research on employee turnover intention and well-being, we examined various demands and resources in relation to these outcomes. This study examined the differential relationship between job demands, and personal and job resources, and two organizational outcomes: turnover intention and emotional exhaustion. The job demands were role overload, role conflict, role ambiguity, and work-life balance. The job resources were resilience, servant leadership, relatedness, autonomy, job opportunities, pay satisfaction, and person-organization fit. An online questionnaire was administered to full-time employees via Qualtrics panel (N = 364). Job demands were positively related to emotional exhaustion, and personal and job resources were negatively related to turnover intention. Using relative weights analysis, demands and resources were found to account for different amounts of variance in the outcome variables. This study informs our understanding of and contributes to the advancement of the JD-R model to encompass various job demands and personal and job resources and their differential relationship to emotional exhaustion and turnover intention.

Abstract LB169: Assessing the facilitators and barriers of a novel cancer care delivery model adapted for the care coordination of LGBTQ+ cancer survivors

Abstract Background: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) individuals experience health disparities at disproportionate rates that drive reduced cancer screenings and late-stage cancer diagnoses. Community health centers play critical roles in providing primary care services to LGBTQ+ patients with cancer. Patients diagnosed with cancer and referred to specialty care outside health centers, however, often experience disruptions to their primary care services due to gaps in communication between primary and oncology care providers. The © 4R Oncology Model (Right Information and Right Care for the Right Patient at the Right Time) is a novel, patient-centric care coordination tool developed to facilitate cancer planning and serves as a longitudinal primary care checklist for use by patients and their care team. Our project aims to assess the facilitators and barriers of 4R as a component of primary and specialized care delivered to LGBTQ+ cancer survivors. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with patients and their caregivers (n =12) and stakeholders (n=12) to assess facilitators and barriers to 4R implementation as a component of care delivered to LGBTQ+ cancer survivors. Research team members deductively identified initial themes from interview transcripts. Preliminary coding schemes were compared among three team members and refined by inductive coding to produce a higher-level study codebook. With this codebook, team members ultimately utilized ATLAS.ti, a qualitative data analysis software, to independently analyze interview transcripts, with discrepancies in coding resolved through team-wide discussions. Results: Patients, their caregivers, and stakeholders agree that the 4R model shows potential for use as a first-step intervention to address primary care gaps caused by inadequate care coordination. Suggested improvements to the model include a reduction of textual information and an increased emphasis on mental and emotional support resources on the model’s sequence of care form. Conclusions: Interim findings indicate that a lack of adequate research on solutions to the disruption of primary care services caused by the initiation of cancer care for LGBTQ+ cancer survivors is a significant barrier for this patient population. The 4R Oncology Model thus shows promise as a solution for initiating and sustaining more continuous communication between primary care and cancer care delivery for LGBTQ+ cancer survivors. Continued analysis of study interviews will further elucidate facilitators and barriers to cancer care coordination for LGBTQ+ individuals, while further informing iterations to the 4R model for the development of a national protocol aimed at improving access to care and outcomes for LGBTQ+ individuals and other underserved groups. Citation Format: Nihmotallahi Adebayo, Will Dunne, Sankirtana Danner, Juan A. Rivera, Elena Molina, Abbey Ekong, Elizabeth Adetoro, Cori Blum, Cassandra Osei, Julia Trosman, Christine Weldon, Melissa Simon. Assessing the facilitators and barriers of a novel cancer care delivery model adapted for the care coordination of LGBTQ+ cancer survivors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr LB169.

Emotional Capital and Its Uses in Lithuanian Middle-Class Fathers’ Narratives

The article examines Lithuanian middle-class fathers’ uses of emotional capital to learn which patterns of emotional engagement with children they employ in their fathering. Emotional capital is defined, in the article, as a type of interpersonal resource that consists of emotion-based knowledge and emotion-management abilities that can lead to social benefits. The 24 in-depth interviews with 35- to 48-year-old fathers show that males believe they are emotionally prepared to cope with their children’s concerns and challenges. The use of emotional capital is an attempt to strengthen their standing as fathers and gain pleasure. Emotional capital is activated by fathers regulating negative emotions and using positive emotions to speak with their children and form friendship bonds. Emotion-based knowledge, management abilities, and capacities to feel provide fathers with a sense of authority and pride. Importantly, in the interviews, it is indicated that men and women have similar emotional resources. Compared to their female partners or wives, men generally consider themselves capable of skillfully enacting emotional capital in their interactions with children.

The Lead up to Loss: How Context Shapes LGBTQ+ Experiences of Pregnancy Loss

While research into LGBTQ+ family formation is increasing, little is known about people with diverse genders and sexualities’ pregnancy loss experiences. We aimed to explore how the context in the lead up to loss was important for LGBTQ+ people when pregnancy loss occurred. Fourteen semi-structured interviews were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Within the superordinate theme—The context of societal attitudes to LGBTQ+ people and their efforts to conceive are essential to understanding LGBTQ+ peoples’ grief and support experiences after pregnancy loss—three themes were generated. The first theme—The complexity of non-normative decision-making—describes the complex decisions that couples needed to navigate in seeking to create their families, while the second theme—Outgroup distress and marginalization—expresses the frequent minority stressors and heteronormative assumptions about kinship to which participants were exposed. The third theme—Resource depletion– illustrates how the significant investment in family creation eroded physical, emotional, social, and financial resources. Findings, implications and areas for further research are discussed. Visible indicators of inclusivity and inclusive language in healthcare settings are practical actions that can assist LGBTQ+ people when forming and growing their families.

Israeli Parents’ Lived Experiences of Music Therapy With Their Preterm Infants Post-Hospitalization

In the current study, we aimed to explore the lived experience of Israeli parents who engaged in musical dialogues with their preterm infants during music therapy (MT) after being discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), as a part of the multinational LongSTEP RCT. Seven participants of the main trial were invited to engage in semi-structured in-depth interviews intertwining listening to audio recordings from their music therapy sessions in an adapted interpersonal process recall (IPR) procedure. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). We understood the participants' experiences to reflect two main themes: 1) Music therapy as a potential means of transformation in communication skills, resourcefulness and sense of agency; and 2) emotional and musical preconditions for parental engagement in MT. The findings illustrate how a specific group of Israeli parents experienced MT as offering them a means of expanding their relationship with their preterm infants after discharge. Based on our findings, we recommend that music therapists consider parents' musical and emotional resources during post-discharge MT to meet the individual needs of families.

BURNOUT, ENGAGEMENT AND PROFESSIONAL BEHAVIOR OF BUSINESS MANAGERS

The article is devoted to the analysis of the leading symptoms of burnout, caused by the specifics of managerial activity in the business environment. A survey of 149 managers and owners of commercial organizations was conducted using the "Professional burnout" method, the Utrecht Scale of Work Engagement, and the "Work-related Behavior and Experiences" questionnaire. The obtained results reveal the prevalence and internal structure of burnout of business managers in Ukraine, which is characterized by manifestations of exhaustion and depersonalisation along with high self-esteem of personal achievements and involvement in work. Among the manifestations of burnout, signs of exhaustion turned out to be the most common: almost half of managers constantly or often experience a state of exhaustion of emotional, motivational, and physical resources. Depersonalisation of managers is not a natural consequence of exhaustion and not the reason for the reduction of personal achievements; it is accompanied by energy, initiative, absorption in activity. We observed many "highly cynical" respondents with the highest scores on the scales of professional efficiency and involvement in work. The intercorrelations of the burnout scales contradict the theoretical causal model: there is no significant relationship between the indicators of exhaustion and depersonalization, while there is a strong direct correlation of the scales of depersonalization and professional effectiveness. These data expand knowledge about the professionally important qualities of managers and clarify the three-component theoretical model of burnout. A well-founded view of professional cynicism as a protective strategy of self-preservation, which is related to the manifestations of burnout, but is not an unambiguously negative symptom. Depersonalisation contributes to the saving of internal resources of managers at a high level of energy costs and involvement in activities. The optimal level of psychological distancing from work and some objectification of employees ensures the effective performance of managerial functions in a business environment. This is a kind of personal adaptation to professional challenges, which has both favorable and destructive sides.

Gewalt im Namen des Islam: Muslimische Fragen und Antworten

Abstract Distinguishing Islamism from „mainstream,“ non-Islamist Islam is not always an easy task as far as the basic assumptions concerning the nature of Islam and its normative foundations are concerned. It is with regard to strategy in general and the use of violence (especially against Muslims) in particular, that distinctions tend to become sharply drawn. Islamists aim to transform state, society, culture, and law in light of the normative texts of the Qur’an and Sunna, considering the early period of the prophet Muḥammad and his successors (the “pious ancestors”) as the definitive model of an Islamic order. Jihadist Islam pre-dates 9/11 but was propelled into new directions as a result of these acts of violence. The legitimate use of violence, and of Jihad, has always been a contentious issue among Muslims. Significantly, the religious status and affiliation of those involved (Muslims; recognized non-Muslim communities; non-Muslims living beyond the Islamic realm; self-declared Muslims not recognized as such by their enemies) have played a crucial role in these debates. At the core of contention is takfīr, the accusation of unbelief launched against self-declared Muslims, be they Sunni, Shi’i or other. Sayyid Qutb (1906-1966) elaborated the theological underpinnings of takfīr, but it was militant Islamist groups that took the concept to it extremes and put it into practice. Faced with a jihadist logic based on the Qur’an and Sunna, Islamic scholars and Muslim political authorities have propagated the principle of moderation (wasaṭ and wasaṭiyya) as the truly Islamic model of thought and behavior. While wasaṭiyya lacks the emotional and medial resources available to its militant opponents, and while it has been denounced as a strategy of containment employed by the powers-that-be, it seems to have been embraced by broad Muslim audiences.

Types of Social Media Use and Digital Stress in Early Adolescence

Evidence on how different types of social media use contribute to digital stress in early adolescence is lacking. In-depth interviews were conducted with 24 13–14-year-olds. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, coded and thematically analysed. Themes were generated based on digital stressors specific to passive social media use (time-wasting and digital guilt, and exposure to harmful content); private social media communication (expectations of availability and unsolicited contact by strangers); and social media broadcasting (expectations of perfection and sexualisation, fear of negative evaluation and risks to privacy). Several digital stressors appeared pervasive in everyday social media use. Bolstering social and emotional resources offline and encouraging effective implementation of privacy settings may improve resilience against several sources of digital stress.

Support and Satisfaction: Perspectives of Older Grandparent Caregivers About Faith-Based Communities

ABSTRACT Older grandparents raising adolescent grandchildren are a hidden caregiving population. Religion serves as a protective factor for many older adult caregivers. The caregiving and religion literature often excludes exploration of caregivers’ satisfaction with social support provided by faith-based communities. Nineteen older grandparents raising adolescent grandchildren participated in in-depth qualitative interviews regarding the lived experiences of their social support and satisfaction woth faith-based communities. Research questions were: (1) describe, if any, what types of support you receive from church or religious groups? and (2) how satisfied are you with the support from church or religious groups? The diverse sample of grandparents were White (n = 10), Black/African American (n = 7), Native American (n = 1), and Filipino (n = 1). Respondents were primarily married (58%), white/nonHispanic (53%), grandmothers (84%), with some college education or college graduate (79%). Older grandparent caregivers identified key people, situational circumstances, and tangible goods that enhanced their wellbeing and posed opportunities for more support. Five themes characterizing social support and satisfaction with older grandparent caregivers’ perspectives of their faith-based communities were emotional support, activities and resources, stopped attending church, attended church but did not seek support, and mixed satisfaction with religious support. Implications are presented for social work education and social work practice.

Strengthening Self-Efficacy in Nursing Students as Preparation for Admission to Clinical Practices at a university in Boyacá – Colombia

Introduction: Nursing students when entering clinical practices are faced with making use of all their personal and emotional resources to adapt to a challenging context. In this scenario, the concept of self-efficacy is essential to assertively assume this process. Objective: To describe the implementation of didactic strategies to strengthen self-efficacy in nursing students as preparation for entering clinical practices at a university in the department of Boyacá (Colombia). Methods: Reflection article derived from research, where five workshops with 44 fourth-semester Nursing students are documented, creating spaces for self-reflection and awareness in strengthening self-efficacy in the context of the development of an Action Participation Research study. Results: Self-efficacy is a skill that involves different internal and external characteristics and tools in its development; This is clearly influenced by the way in which students develop their autonomy, communicate, make decisions and apply them in daily life. The family, academic peers, and teachers are facilitators, guides and motivators in the development of personal and academic self-efficacy. Conclusions: Developing didactic activities as preparation for the beginning of clinical practices allows the strengthening of self-efficacy and contributes to the achievement of favorable academic results; thus, training must focus on both technical-scientific aspects and competencies related to decision-making and coping with academic, work and personal difficulties.

Going the Extra Mile (or Not): A Moderated Mediation Analysis of Job Resources, Abusive Leadership, Autonomous Motivation, and Extra-Role Performance

Abusive leadership is particularly prevalent in nursing and it can have multiple adverse effects on performance at work. However, little research has examined whether and under what conditions abusive leadership may be detrimental to nurses’ extra-role performance. This cross-sectional study explores whether abusive leadership intensifies the effects of emotional job resources on autonomous motivation, a psychological mechanism that could be responsible for extra-role performance. Data were collected from dyads of registered French-Canadian nurses and their immediate supervisors (n = 99 dyads). The models were tested with path analysis using Mplus. Our results show that extra-role performance is positively associated with nurses’ job emotional resources and autonomous motivation, but negatively associated with abusive leadership. Nurses’ cynicism is also negatively associated with autonomous motivation. Importantly, the indirect relation between emotional resources and extra-role performance through autonomous motivation is moderated by abusive leadership, providing support for a moderated mediation effect. These results add to those supporting a similar moderated mediation mechanism to explain employee attitudes and demonstrate the relevance of self-determination theory in a work context. These findings reinforce the need to focus on the quality of leadership practices as well as interventions aimed at promoting the performance of nurses at work.

A Moderated Mediation Model of Emotional Engagement in the Development of Emotional Exhaustion: The Moderating Role of Emotional Resources

A Moderated Mediation Model of Emotional Engagement in the Development of Emotional Exhaustion: The Moderating Role of Emotional Resources

How Trainees Come to Trust Supervisors in Workplace-Based Assessment: A Grounded Theory Study.

PurposeIn competency-based medical education, workplace-based assessment provides trainees with an opportunity for guidance and supervisors the opportunity to judge the trainees’ clinical practice. Learning from assessment is enhanced when trainees reveal their thinking and are open to critique, which requires trust in the assessor. If supervisors knew more about how trainees come to trust them in workplace-based assessment, they could better engender trainee trust and improve trainees’ learning experience.MethodFrom August 2018 to September 2019, semistructured interviews were conducted with 17 postgraduate anesthesia trainees across Australia and New Zealand. The transcripts were analyzed using constructivist grounded theory methods sensitized by a sociocultural view of learning informed by Wenger’s communities of practice theory.ResultsParticipants described a continuum from a necessary initial trust to an experience-informed dynamic trust. Trainees assumed initial trust in supervisors based on accreditation, reputation, and a perceived obligation of trustworthiness inherent in the supervisor’s role. With experience and time, trainees’ trust evolved based on supervisor actions. Deeper levels of trainee trust arose in response to perceived supervisor investment and allowed trainees to devote more emotional and cognitive resources to patient care and learning rather than impression management. Across the continuum from initial trust to experience-informed trust, trainees made rapid trust judgments that were not preceded by conscious deliberation; instead, they represented a learned “feel for the game.”ConclusionsWhile other factors are involved, our results indicate that the trainee behavior observed in workplace-based assessment is a product of supervisor invitation. Supervisor trustworthiness and investment in trainee development invite trainees to work and present in authentic ways in workplace-based assessment. This authentic engagement, where learners “show themselves” to supervisors and take risks, creates assessment for learning.

Moving across (Im)mobility categories: the importance of values, family and adaptation for migration

ABSTRACT The aspiration-capability framework introduces four (im)mobility categories – mobility, voluntary immobility, involuntary immobility and acquiescent immobility – which have received considerable attention. However, few studies have examined how people move across such categories. Drawing on the migration experiences of 17 self-identified Latin American gay individuals, this paper shows how prospective migrants can be pushed into a state of involuntary immobility by their families, and how they can adapt to overcome immobility and fulfill their migration aspirations. The article finds, firstly, that heteronormative values and familial expectations regarding sexuality shape the possibility of mobilizing the family’s economic, informative and emotional resources. Secondly, I discuss the adaptation strategies that individuals use to surpass involuntary immobility. To understand movement across (im)mobility categories, as well as the role of social boundaries for migration, this paper differentiates between individual and collective migration aspirations and capabilities. In doing so, the article introduces an approach to explore how interactions between social groups and their individual group members shape the (im)mobility projects of the latter.

You're draining me! When politically inept employees view organization-linked emotional exhaustion and unforgiveness as reasons for diminished job performance

PurposeThis study seeks to unpack the negative relationship between employees' political ineptness and their job performance, by proposing a mediating role of organization-induced emotional exhaustion and a moderating role of perceived organizational unforgiveness.Design/methodology/approachThe research hypotheses were tested with three-round survey data collected among employees and their supervisors across multiple industry sectors.FindingsPolitical ineptness diminishes the likelihood that employees undertake performance-enhancing work behaviors because they perceive that their employer is draining their emotional resources. This mediating role of organization-induced emotional exhaustion is particularly salient when they perceive that organizational authorities do not forgive mistakes.Practical implicationsThis study reveals a critical risk for employees who find it difficult to exert influence on others: They become complacent in their job duties, which then might further compromise their ability to leave a positive impression on others. This counterproductive process is especially prominent if organizational leaders appear unforgiving.Originality/valueThis study contributes to extant research by explicating an unexplored mechanism (organization-induced emotional exhaustion) and catalyst (organizational unforgiveness) related to the escalation of political ineptness into diminished job performance.

Resilience-Building for Mental Health among Early Childhood Educators: A Systematic Review and Pilot-Study towards an EEG-VR Resilience Building Intervention.

Resilience is a key factor that reflects a teacher’s ability to utilize their emotional resources and working skills to provide high-quality teaching to children. Resilience-building interventions aim to promote positive psychological functioning and well-being. However, there is lack of evidence on whether these interventions improve the well-being or mental health of teachers in early childhood education (ECE) settings. This review examined the overall effectiveness of resilience-building interventions conducted on teachers working in the ECE field. A systematic approach is used to identify relevant studies that focus on resilience-building in countering work stress among early childhood educators. Findings from this review observed a preference of group approaches and varying durations of interventions. This review highlights the challenges of the group approach which can lead to lengthy interventions and attrition amongst participants. In addition to the concerns regarding response bias from self-report questionnaires, there is also a lack of physiological measures used to evaluate effects on mental health. The large efforts by 11 studies to integrate multiple centres into their intervention and the centre-based assessment performed by four studies highlight the need for a centre-focused approach to build resilience among teachers from various ECE centres. A pilot study is conducted to evaluate the feasibility of an integrated electroencephalography–virtual reality (EEG-VR) approach in building resilience in teachers, where the frontal brain activity can be monitored during a virtual classroom task. Overall, the findings of this review propose the integration of physiological measures to monitor changes in mental health throughout the resilience-building intervention and the use of VR as a tool to design a unique virtual environment.