Emotional Research Articles

PERCEPÇÃO CORPORAL E EQUILÍBRIO DINÂMICO DE PACIENTES AMPUTADOS POR MEIO DE TÉCNICAS DE ENFAIXAMENTO DOS COTOS

Amputation, often caused by trauma, tumors or complications from vascular diseases such as diabetes mellitus, can lead to a series of emotional reactions in patients, including depression, imbalance and disorganization of the body's schema. Objectives: To evaluate amputee patients who use stump bandaging in terms of body perception and balance. Analyze the evolution of patients in relation to sensitivity, balance and body perception; identify the benefits or harms it may present and compare body perception with and without the aid of bandaging. Methods: Field research will be carried out, observational and descriptive, quantitative, longitudinal, exploratory and descriptive. with a sample of 10 amputee participants who answered a questionnaire about balance and body perception, which will be administered together with a professor from the institution. Results: Binding had a positive impact on the balance of amputee patients, with average scores of 21.9 points with bandaging, compared to 16.8 points without bandaging. Regarding functionality, patients with transfemoral amputation demonstrated greater ease in placing the prosthesis compared to patients with transtibial amputation. Conclusion: Berg Balance Scale has been shown to be effective in the results and qualification of functionality in patients with lower limb amputation. However, it is essential to highlight that the topic still requires further studies.

CUIDADOS PALIATIVOS NO ENFRENTAMENTO DE DOENÇAS QUE AMEACEM A CONTINUIDADE DA VIDA

This article aims to discuss the topic of palliative care, jointly comprising other issues that made up this work, such as: the possible emotional reactions of a chronic patient whose disease is no longer responsive to treatment; the systemic psychology approach, in which some action strategies include family involvement; active listening and communication; and psychoeducation, which is a guiding resource. The work was a bibliographical review of several authors with significant concepts adding positively to the construction of this article. Palliative care is a right of care for everyone, although its provision is still limited. The role of the psychologist within the multidisciplinary team is to offer adequate and humanized care.

The Effect of INSIGHTS on Developmental Trajectories of Children’s Self- Regulation

AbstractThe development of self-regulation is critical for children’s positive interactions with others and successful adjustment to school. Using their self-regulation skills, children can adapt their temperamental, emotional, and behavioral reactions to environmental stimuli. Greater self-regulation is advantageous in the classroom, as more regulated children have an easier time with basic behavioral expectations, and are more likely to persist with difficult tasks, work efficiently, and pay attention to instructions. INSIGHTS into Children’s Temperament (INSIGHTS) is a temperament-based intervention that improves kindergarten and first-grade children’s social-emotional development and academic learning. In the current study, we examined the effects of INSIGHTS on rural Midwestern children’s self-regulation development (i.e., attention, inhibitory control), compared to control classrooms. In addition, we explored the effects of children’s baseline self-regulation and the effects of the intervention on children’s developmental trajectories. Students (N = 147) from 61 classrooms were randomly assigned to INSIGHTS or control conditions by school. Children’s self-regulation skills whereas examined at four different times. Multiple regression models were fit, and results suggest that INSIGHTS participants exhibited greater self-regulation at Time 4 as compared to the control group. Additionally, latent growth curve models were used to model linear growth. Results suggest that INSIGHTS participants experienced increased growth rates for attention, inhibitory control, and sustained attention compared to the control group. Our study provides evidence for the positive effects of a social-emotional classroom intervention on the developmental trajectory of children’s self-regulation.

Emotion dysregulation in autism: Severity and correlates in early childhood

AbstractEmotion dysregulation (ED) is common and severe in older autistic youth, but is rarely the focus of early autism screening or intervention. Moreover, research characterizing ED in the preschool years (when autism is typically diagnosed) is limited. This study aimed to characterize ED in autistic children by examining (1) prevalence and severity of ED as compared to children without an autism diagnosis; and (2) correlates of ED in autistic children. A sample of 1864 parents (Mean child age = 4.21 years, SD = 1.16 years; 37% female) of 2–5 year‐old children with (1) autism; (2) developmental concerns, but no autism; and (3) no developmental concerns or autism completed measures via an online questionnaire. ED was measured using the Emotion Dysregulation Inventory‐Young Child, a parent report measure characterizing ED across two dimensions: Reactivity (fast, intense emotional reactions) and dysphoria (low positive affect, sadness, unease). Autistic preschoolers, compared to peers without developmental concerns, had more severe ED (+1.12 SD for reactivity; +0.60 SD for dysphoria) and were nearly four and three times more likely to have clinically significant reactivity and dysphoria, respectively. Autistic traits, sleep problems, speaking ability, and parent depression were the strongest correlates of ED in the autism sample. While more work is needed to establish the prevalence, severity, and correlates of ED in young autistic children, this study represents an important first step. Results highlight a critical need for more high‐quality research in this area as well as the potential value of screening and intervention for ED in young autistic children.

CONFLICT-GENERATING POTENTIAL OF GENDER NEOLOGISMS OF ENGLISH-LANGUAGE DISCOURSE

The current stage of development of society is characterised by high dynamism due to cultural transformation and the complication of social relations. At the top of the value space is the desire to equalise gender roles and the promotion of polygender affiliation. The vocabulary of a language undoubtedly responds to the rapid development of society. Continuous social contradictions have increased the level of tension in society. Due to a complete change in the culture of gender interactions and the construction of a new picture of the existence of men and women, the severity of gender contradictions began to be seen with particular clarity. This work is aimed at examining “risky” neologisms, analysing their conflict potential with the identification of evaluative semes and studying the features of gender stereotyping. Studying the conflict-generating potential of gender neologisms allows us to trace the sociocultural rhythm of transformations and study the essential features of the interaction between men and women in a specific historical and cultural space. Our research analysis allows us to conclude that gender neological nominations arise as a result of social demand, which acts as the main driving force of neologisation in language. The constant broadcast of gender-based sociocultural images, the visualisation of masculine and feminine identities in linguistic consciousness, and the ascription of stereotypical social roles act as a conflict-generating factor that can activate a mostly negative emotional reaction.

Navigating the Digital Divide for Sustainability: Emotional and Cognitive Pathways to Food Waste Reduction Through Social Media Advertising

Applying behavioral reasoning theory, this study examines the effect of social media food waste advertising on consumers’ intention not to waste food, with customer–brand communal engagement and awareness of food waste consequences acting as mediators, and fast-food customers’ altruism as a moderator. Structural equation modeling was applied to data from 422 customers of Malaysian retail fast-food chains. The findings reveal that social media food waste advertising positively affects customers’ intentions not to waste food directly and indirectly through two mediators: awareness of food waste consequences and customer–brand communal engagement. The stronger mediator was awareness, and it indicated that cognitive factors play a greater role in pro-environmental behaviors than emotional ones. Additionally, this study demonstrates that customer altruism moderates the cognitive pathway but not the emotional pathway. The results of these findings suggest that social media campaigns should focus on both cognitive and emotional dimensions as well as personal value to maximize effectiveness. The findings have implications for fast-food chains to design more effective social media campaigns that promote food waste reduction as part of broader sustainability goals in the food industry.

Do You See What I See? Emotional Reaction to Visual Content in the Online Debate About Climate Change

ABSTRACT This paper explores the visual echo chamber effect in online climate change communication. We analyze communication by progressive actors and counteractors involved in the public debate about climate change on Facebook, to address the possibility that visual content can bridge ideologically diverse communities. Specifically, we investigate whether visual content depicting protest serves this purpose. The findings reveal a small amount of shared visual content. Interestingly, the emotional reactions to this content for the most part diverge significantly, suggesting that pre-existing attitudes, such as climate ideological position, influence interpretation. Contrary to our expectations, however, we do not observe visual content representing protest activity bridging the two groups. This work posits the possibility of a two-fold (de)polarization around visual content that both connects and divides, which contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the social dynamics that create and sustain the echo chamber effect observed in online climate change debates. KEY POLICY HIGHLIGHTS Even when taking into account visual communication, the online debate around climate change is characterized by the presence of echo chambers with only a small fraction of content that circulates among both climate activists and climate skeptics. In cases where the same visual content circulates within the two groups, the emotional reactions are often opposed, with reactions that are more defined by the pre-existing climate ideological alignment than with an actual engagement with the content.

An emotional learning process? The role of socially induced and regulated emotions for the development of an entrepreneurial mindset

PurposeAlthough emotional dynamics (EDs) during the entrepreneurial learning (EL) process are acknowledged to promote the growth of an entrepreneurial mindset (EM), while having social causes, empirical research on learning mainly looks at emotions as socially isolated concepts. This study aims to investigate how socially induced and regulated emotions during the EL process affect EM development.Design/methodology/approachWe applied a qualitative, inductive approach related to interpretative phenomenological analysis to get deeply involved into individuals’ experienced emotions. We conducted semi-structured interviews with participants of two EL programs. Open-ended questions stimulated free narratives and detailed descriptions of experiences that were analyzed following a five-stage process.FindingsThere is a correlation between socially induced and regulated emotions and the development of EM elements. We suggest a framework for the EL process based on EDs, which triggers four main mechanisms that help individuals develop an EM: “re-assessment of individual emotions through EDs”, “EDs affected by facilitator intervention,” “sharing and co-creation of emotions,” and “sensemaking of experiences and emotions.”Originality/valueThis study adds to the knowledge on EDs during the EL process and contributes to the literature on EL and emotions in learning. Therewith, it helps to sensitize practitioners toward the complexity of emotions in the entrepreneurial process, allows to moderate individual emotional reactions and social Eds, and improves existing EE programs. Future research could investigate the interplay of specific personality traits, learning environments, and socioemotional team dynamics in EL.

Therapists’ emotional responses and their relation to patients’ experience of attunement and responsiveness

Objective Therapists’ emotional responses play a significant role in the therapeutic relationship and in the therapy process. The current study examined the associations between therapists’ emotional responses before and after therapy sessions, and patients’ experience of them as attuned and responsive. Method Forty patient-therapist dyads participated in 16 weekly sessions of Supportive Expressive Psychotherapy. Therapists’ emotions were assessed on the Feeling Word Checklist-58. We examined one positive feeling (Parental) and one negative feeling (Inadequate) Following each session, patients and therapists rated responsiveness on the Patient’s Experience of Attunement and Responsiveness. Results Feeling Parental before sessions was associated with patients’ post-session ratings of therapist empathy, but not with session helpfulness or sensed achievement. Therapists’ feelings of inadequacy before sessions were negatively associated with patients’ ratings of helpfulness and achievement, but not with empathy. Therapists’ Parental feelings after the session were positively associated with patients’ ratings and their own ratings on all 3 PEAR subscales. Feeling Inadequate after the session was negatively associated with patients’ ratings of helpfulness, achievement and empathy. Therapists’ ratings were only negatively associated only with helpfulness. Conclusion The study demonstrates that therapists’ emotional reactions play a role in their patients’ experience of their responsiveness.

Anthropomorphic Design in Mortality Salience Situations: Exploring Emotional and Non-Emotional Mechanisms Enhancing Consumer Purchase Intentions

This study investigates the role of anthropomorphic design in alleviating consumer anxiety induced by mortality salience and delves into the underlying emotional and non-emotional mechanisms. Through a series of meticulously designed experiments, we confirm that anthropomorphic design significantly enhances positive emotional responses in consumers, reduces negative emotions, and thereby increases their preference and willingness to purchase products. Even after the diminution of emotional reactions, anthropomorphic design continues to sustain consumer preference by enhancing psychological intimacy. These findings reveal the crucial role of anthropomorphic design as an effective emotional regulation strategy in consumer purchasing behavior, enriching the application of terror management theory and emotion regulation theory in consumer behavior research. Furthermore, our study provides valuable practical guidance for product design and marketing strategies, especially for consumer groups frequently facing high-pressure situations. Products with anthropomorphic designs may be more appealing to these consumers, helping to mitigate their death anxiety and enhance psychological well-being.

FaceReader Insights into the Emotional Response of Douro Wines

Understanding consumers’ emotional responses to wine is essential for improving marketing strategies and product development. Emotions play a pivotal role in shaping consumer preferences. This study investigates the emotional reactions elicited by different types of Douro wines (white, red, and Port) through facial expression analysis using FaceReader software, version 9.0 (Noldus Information Technology, Wageningen, The Netherlands). A total of 80 participants tasted six wine samples, and their facial expressions were recorded and analyzed. FaceReader quantified the intensity of emotions such as happiness, sadness, anger, surprise, fear, and disgust. Arousal levels were also assessed. The results were analyzed through principal component analysis (PCA) to identify patterns and groupings based on emotional responses. White wines evoked more sadness due to their acidity, while red wines were associated with lower levels of sadness and greater comfort. Port wines elicited surprise, probably due to their sweet and fortified nature. Additionally, female participants showed consistently higher arousal levels than males across all wine types. The study highlights distinct emotional profiles for each type of wine and suggests that demographic factors, such as gender, influence emotional responses. These insights can inform targeted marketing and enhance the consumer experience through better alignment of wine characteristics with emotional engagement.

The emotional effect of terrorism

Terrorism causes emotional reactions among public audiences, with downstream consequences for their well-being, attitudes and policy preferences. We utilise a novel approach which harnesses a unique dataset of Twitter activity from 324K users to precisely capture emotional responses to terrorism. Our results demonstrate that terrorist attacks induce dramatic spikes in various discrete emotions of a negative valence, which vary based on the characteristics of the attacks. Furthermore, we show that the terrorism-induced effects on emotions are accompanied by changes in feelings about immigration.

The hidden emotions of therapists: An autoethnographic exploration of working with clients who self‐injure

AbstractIntroductionThis paper explores how working with clients who self‐injure generates significant emotional reactions in therapists, often difficult to manage. Drawing on my clinical experience as a researcher and counsellor, I provide an evocative autoethnographic account, highlighting hidden, forbidden or taboo feelings. The aim was to deepen understanding of therapists' emotional realities and contribute to the limited literature on this subject.MethodThrough journaling, sketching, metaphor and field notes, I detail personal experiences with clients who self‐injure. This autoethnography explores my emotions and reactions. A case vignette illustrates my experiences, promoting critical and empathic consideration of how therapist emotions are experienced.Data AnalysisI use autoethnographic methods to analyse the emotional impact and existential reflections of working with clients who self‐injure, employing layers of qualitative interpretation from various personal data sources.ResultsFindings reveal that working with clients who self‐injure forces me to confront my mortality, evoking deep existential reflections and intense emotions like vulnerability and fear. This disrupts my sense of immortality, highlighting my role's limitations and evoking shame and self‐doubt about my ability to alleviate suffering.Implications for PracticeThis paper advances research on self‐injury and emphasises autoethnography as a valuable avenue for counsellors engaging in research. Grounded in PhD study, this paper makes an original contribution to knowledge. Integrating discussions on mortality and emotional vulnerability into supervision and training is crucial, alongside comprehensive training that addresses emotional and unconscious issues. Accessible supervision fosters growth, reduces stigma and supports therapists working with clients who self‐injure.

Evaluation of Virtual Education Experiences of Nursing Students: A Qualitative Study

Background: During the last two decades, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, virtual teaching methods have been widely utilized in nursing education. Objectives: To investigate the effectiveness of this method, this study was conducted to explore the experiences of nursing students regarding virtual education. Methods: This qualitative study employed a content analysis approach at Zanjan University of Medical Sciences over two academic semesters in 1400. Purposeful sampling included 20 nursing students from various academic semesters, both male and female. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured and in-depth interviews. Conventional content analysis was used to analyze the interviews, and data analysis was performed manually. Results: A total of 151 initial codes were extracted. After merging similar codes, 123 semantic units were ultimately organized into 21 subcategories and six main categories: Advantages and disadvantages, emotional reactions, teaching-learning process, responsibility and procrastination, motivation, and organizational factors related to virtual education based on the students' experiences. Conclusions: Given the widespread use of virtual education, it is essential to identify the strengths, problems, and inhibiting factors associated with this type of education, especially in the training of medical students. Educational planners should strive to enhance the effectiveness of virtual education.

Dismantling Discrimination: Breaking Down Systemic Inequities in Our Communities and Workplaces

This article explores the author's emotional reaction and reflections following the 2024 U.S. presidential election, in which an incumbent candidate secured both the electoral college and popular vote. As an educated, upper-middle class, straight, cisgender white man, the author grapples with his own privilege and the implications of the election result for marginalized communities. The piece delves into the concepts of "disparate impact" and "disparate treatment" discrimination, examining how these forms of systemic bias manifest not just in the workplace, but also in public policy and the legislative process, with examples provided across domains such as voting rights, criminal justice, environmental regulations, and education funding. The author outlines alternative policy, legislative, and legal approaches that could help address these complex issues of discrimination and inequality, concluding with a call to self-reflection and an urging of readers to consider their own complicity in perpetuating disparate impacts and to take concrete steps towards dismantling systemic inequities in society.

Embodying Tourette’s Syndrome in Young Adult Literature

The article foregrounds two protagonists with Tourette Syndrome (TS) from contemporary Young Adult (YA) novels written by authors with TS. Grounded in the interdisciplinary field of cultural disability studies in education (CDSE), each protagonist is analyzed for (1) physical manifestations of TS (external depiction), (2) emotional reactions about having TS (internal depiction), and (3) the response of parents and family members, friends, acquaintances, and strangers (societal depiction). Both main characters navigate a world in which they are viewed as abnormal, frequently working through internalized feelings of freakery as they struggle to become more self-accepting during their adolescent years. Such depictions “engage with disability as an isolating, hurtful, and joyful experience” (Bolt 11), allowing for the complexities, tensions, contradictions, and general messiness of embodying TS. These depictions suggest that the authors seek to provide readers with an empathetic understanding of TS, while allowing the simultaneous contemplation of ways in which the embodiment of TS informs us about our culture.

The effects of refugees’ emotional tears on felt emotions and helping behaviors

Tearful faces are frequent in mass media portraits of refugees, but the consequences of such depictions for different kinds of intergroup helping remain poorly understood. While existing research suggests that individuals tend to be more willing to support those who display tears, the impact of emotional tears on tangible helping behavior, such as monetary donations, has not been examined. Understanding these dynamics could have significant implications for fundraising strategies employed by civil society organizations. Across three experiments relying on nation-wide panel data (N = 2647) and a quasi-experimental citizen science study (N = 191) conducted in the Netherlands, we tested the effects of refugees’ tearful (vs. non-tearful) expressions on people’s emotional reactions, intentions to offer refugees both dependency- and autonomy-oriented help, as well as actual helping behavior (i.e., money donated to an organization supporting refugees). Data from three online experiments unveiled a positive relationship between exposure to emotional tears and both dependency- and autonomy-oriented intentions to help, as well as donation behavior (in Study 4, two initiatives encompassing both dependency- and autonomy-oriented help), via felt compassion. Across all studies, the visual representations of refugees with tears consistently resulted in more helping intentions and donations indirectly via the perceived sadness of the refugee(s) and the subsequent felt compassion. Our findings illuminate critical questions regarding visual representations of refugees that might motivate solidarity. They also encourage future collaborative research at the convergence of art, social and emotion science, and activism. Our research also provides a platform for initiating fundraising campaigns aimed at generating resources to support initiatives focused on sharing the narratives of displaced individuals and empowering the refugee community.

“Neither Side Really Knows… What an Abortion Is Like”: A Qualitative Analysis of Medical Students’ Experiences With Second-Trimester Procedural Abortions

ObjectivesMedical students value abortion education; however, there has been little study regarding participation in second-trimester procedures, which are less common yet receive significant societal attention. We aimed to explore medical students’ perceptions of participation in second-trimester procedural abortions to optimize this educational experience. Study DesignWe conducted qualitative semi-structured interviews with third- and fourth-year medical students who voluntarily participated in second-trimester dilation and evacuation cases. We coded interviews inductively and performed thematic content analysis until thematic saturation was reached. ParticipantsWe interviewed 25 medical students, including 16 third-year and nine fourth-year students. Most participants were female (64%) and white (58%) and had no prior abortion care experience (80%). ResultsFour major themes emerged: 1) students felt unprepared for second-trimester procedural abortions and were unable to find adequate educational resources for preparation; 2) students experienced complex emotional reactions to the procedures, often finding the experience more challenging than expected; 3) students observed implicit expectations and biases in the learning environment; and 4) students highly valued their involvement in abortion procedures, noting that participation was important for their future practice and allowed acquisition of essential clinical skills. ConclusionsMedical students value the educational opportunity to participate in second-trimester procedural abortions; however, most feel unprepared for the technical and emotional aspects, despite utilizing available educational resources. To maximize educational experience and psychological safety, educators should develop specialized training resources. This could strengthen physician knowledge and comfort with abortion care in the future, ultimately improving patient care.

Sights and Sounds of Respiratory Changes During Hospice Death Vigils: Hospice Caregivers Experience

ContextResearch has documented common respiratory changes at the end of life for hospice patients. Some studies have noted these symptoms as distressing and challenging for families, and as a potential reason for emergency room visits and hospice benefit revocation. However, the experiences and emotions of family members regarding these respiratory changes in the final days, particularly when they are alone in a home setting, are not well documented. A recent study found 51% caregivers identified abnormal breathing as a challenge during their vigil experience. ObjectivesThe study aimed to answer three research questions: 1) How do family members describe the sights and sounds of the respiratory changes experienced during the final days of life? 2) What are the emotions caregivers experience as a result of witnessing the sights and sounds of respiratory changes? 3) What interventions are caregivers using to manage respiratory changes? MethodsA secondary analysis of 22 hospice caregiver interviews from a larger study of family interviews focused analyzing in depth narratives related to respiratory changes during the vigil period. Results Caregiver narrativesDistressful sights and sounds related to respiratory symptoms during the final days were described by 27% and 77% of family narratives, respectively. Negative emotional reactions were reported by more than a third of those interviewed. Caregivers expressed frustration at not understanding the reasons behind respiratory changes, with 27% noting they wished for more information on what to expect and how to intervene. There were inconsistencies in the interventions provided by hospice teams in managing respiratory symptoms. ConclusionsOpportunities exist for hospice agencies to better address the caregiver distress caused by witnessing noisy breathing (death rattle), Cheyne-Stokes breathing, and agonal breathing. Further research is needed to identify standard definitions for these respiratory changes, their prevalence in the home hospice setting, and to develop practice standards and effective interventions to relieve caregiver distress.

The Effectiveness of Applying Artificial Intelligence in Sick Children’s Communication

Pediatric nursing students are required to be taught how to overcome their own psychological stress during their internship in order to understand sick children’s emotional reactions, as well as to be able to interact and communicate with such children. This quasi-experimental study proves that the application of AI image health education e-books by the nursing teacher is more effective than traditional paper handout teaching materials in improving nursing students’ self-efficacy when using therapeutic games to deal with and reduce sick children’s fears of medical examinations and treatments (p < 0.05). AI-driven tools can enable the development of personalized e-learning materials that target specific areas for cognitive improvement. This targeted approach can enhance knowledge retention and skill development, resulting in better-prepared healthcare professionals.