Emotional Profile Research Articles

Оценка влияния эмоциональной асимметрии на восприятие потребителями туристической видеорекламы (на примере Крымского полуострова)

Consumer perception of advertising media is a rather complex process of selection, organization and interpretation of signals coming in the consciousness of an individual from the senses. However, based on the main provisions of information theory, corresponding feedback is the result of advertising impact, i.e. advertising review or advertising effect, which causes a lot of discussion not only in the scientific, but also in the practical sphere. A survey was conducted to determine the profiles of emotions towards tourist areas and to identify the most visited areas and factors influencing consumer behavior when choosing tourist sites for visit. Evaluation of the emotional perception of video materials was made by the method of summary assessments. The calculation method and methodology of K. Izard were used to determine the dominant emotional state of consumers of a tourist product. The study took place in several stages. At the first stage in order to assess the emotional state of respondents, they watched advertisement videos. At the second stage we conducted a score assessment of the emotional perception of video materials. At the third stage we gave a total assessment of basic emotions. At the fourth stage generalized indicators were calculated for enlarged groups of emotions. At the final stage we interpreted the obtained data. The study showed that an average assessment of the emotion of “interest” in the resorts of the eastern and western Crimea is higher than in the Crimean foothills and the southern coast. In all areas of the peninsula, there is a weak degree of experience of acute negative and anxious-depressive emotions. Tourists and residents of Crimea are focused on visiting the southern coast of Crimea. The most unpopular areas for tourism are eastern and western parts of Crimea.

Analysis of the Behavioural and Emotional Profile of Adolescent Judo Practitioners

In recent decades, the number of social projects that use sports as a tool has been increasing dramatically, necessi- tating rigorous investigations into their immediate and long-term effects and the behavioural changes in children and adolescents who participate in these projects. This study aimed to assess the behavioural and emotional profile of adolescent judo practitioners. The participants of the Judo Social Project in São José do Rio Preto answered the Brazilian version of the “Youth Self-Report” (YSR/2001). In the analysis of scores, the borderline range was grouped with the clinical range to minimize the occurrence of false negatives, specifically, the number of adolescents with scores outside the clinical range on the YSR/11-18 scale (t scores ≥60 for the clinical range) who required psycholog- ical or psychiatric care. The scores on the anxiety and depression scale were significantly higher for female partici- pants (p=0.0431). On the total scale of emotional and behavioural problems, 34.4% (N=106) of the study population had mean scores considered in the clinical range. Of these, the scores were found to be in the clinical range in 24.8% (N=31) of the female participants and 41% (N=75) of the male participants. The comparison between the sexes indi- cated that internalization symptoms (anxiety and depression) were more frequent in female participants, whereas externalization problems (rule-breaking and behavioural problems) were more frequent in male participants.

Revealing semantic and emotional structure of suicide notes with cognitive network science

Understanding how people who commit suicide perceive their cognitive states and emotions represents an important open scientific challenge. We build upon cognitive network science, psycholinguistics and semantic frame theory to introduce a network representation of suicidal ideation as expressed in multiple suicide notes. By reconstructing the knowledge structure of such notes, we reveal interconnections between the ideas and emotional states of people who committed suicide through an analysis of emotional balance motivated by structural balance theory, semantic prominence and emotional profiling. Our results indicate that connections between positively- and negatively-valenced terms give rise to a degree of balance that is significantly higher than in a null model where the affective structure is randomized and in a linguistic baseline model capturing mind-wandering in absence of suicidal ideation. We show that suicide notes are affectively compartmentalized such that positive concepts tend to cluster together and dominate the overall network structure. Notably, this positive clustering diverges from perceptions of self, which are found to be dominated by negative, sad conceptual associations in analyses based on subject-verb-object relationships and emotional profiling. A key positive concept is “love”, which integrates information relating the self to others and is semantically prominent across suicide notes. The emotions constituting the semantic frame of “love” combine joy and trust with anticipation and sadness, which can be linked to psychological theories of meaning-making as well as narrative psychology. Our results open new ways for understanding the structure of genuine suicide notes and may be used to inform future research on suicide prevention.

An experience sampling investigation of emotion and worry in people with generalized anxiety disorder

Emotion-oriented theories (e.g., emotion dysregulation model, Mennin et al., 2005; contrast avoidance model; Newman & Llera, 2011) posit that people with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) have disturbances in emotion, experience negative emotion as aversive and in turn use maladaptive strategies, including worry, to regulate their distress. Much of what is known about emotion in the context of GAD is based on studies employing static methodologies. It is proposed that constructs and methodologies from the literature on emotion dynamics offer a complementary perspective. The principal aims of the study were to identify an emotion profile for people with GAD and to examine the direct effect of worry on subsequent negative and positive emotions via the experience sampling method. Participants included people with GAD (GAD group; n = 39) and people without GAD (nonclinical control [NCC] group; n = 41). Relative to the NCC group, the GAD group exhibited an emotion profile characterized by elevated mean intensity, greater instability and greater inertia of negative emotions and lower mean intensity, greater instability of positive emotions, but did not differ on inertia of positive emotions. People with GAD were found to have greater worry inertia and worry was also found to be associated with a subsequent increase in negative emotion, and this was more pronounced for the GAD group relative to the NCC group. The findings inform emotion-oriented models, provide unique insights into the dynamic emotional experiences of those with GAD and reinforce the benefits of the experience sampling methodology to study GAD-relevant processes.

Emotion profiles among adolescent female athletes: Associations with flourishing

Many girls who participate in sport struggle to negotiate the complex relationship between their desired appearance and maintaining a physique that facilitates performance. As a result, these athletes experience a range of emotions about their bodies that impact their psychological well-being. We examined appearance- and fitness-related emotions using latent profile analysis among 507 adolescent girls involved in organized sport and examined differences in flourishing across the resulting profiles. Four emotion profiles were identified: (i) Frequent Pride, (ii) Occasional Fitness Pride, (iii) Occasional Pride, Rare Guilt/Shame, and (iv) Occasional Emotions. Participants in the Occasional Emotions profile reported the lowest flourishing scores compared to every other profile while those in the Frequent Pride profile reported the highest levels of flourishing. There were no differences in flourishing between those in the Occasional Fitness Pride profile and those in the Occasional Pride, Rare Guilt/Shame profile. Our results demonstrate how subsets of athletes may characteristically experience distinct combinations of emotions that are differentially associated with flourishing. Increasing experiences of body-related pride while mitigating experiences of guilt and shame appear to be important contributors to flourishing. However, experiences of pride may do little to buffer against reductions in flourishing when guilt and shame are experienced.

Detailed Emotional Profile of Secondary Education Students Toward Learning Physics and Chemistry.

The present research arises from the need to identify the emotions that K-7 to K-10 students experience toward the learning of Physics and Chemistry, since it is a fact that there is a decrease in the number of students choosing itineraries related to Science. Different blocks of contents have been considered in each subject in order to identify emotions toward each one of them. The considered sample consisted of 149 K-8 students, 152 K-9 students and 130 K-10 students from several middle and high schools in Badajoz (Spain) during the 2014–2015 school year. Students experienced more positive emotions toward the content of Chemistry than toward those of Physics. A decrease was detected in the mean frequency of positive emotions such as joy, fun, and tranquility from K-8 to K-10, as well as an increase in negative emotions such as boredom, anxiety, disgust, fear, nervousness, worry, and sadness. It has also been found that positive emotions toward Chemistry contents are mainly related to teachers’ methods and attitudes, while negative emotions toward Physics contents are related to the exclusive use of the textbook, solving Physics problems, or giving oral presentations of the topics in class.

Getting worse or getting better? Understanding the antecedents and consequences of emotion profile transitions during COVID-19-induced organizational crisis.

While some organizations are thriving during the COVID-19 pandemic, many are experiencing a crisis-a threat to organizational longevity, time pressure, and inadequate resources. Building on prior work examining emotions during times of crisis and changes that people undergo during major life transitions, as well as media accounts suggesting that employees have had positive and negative emotions tied to aspects of working during COVID-19, we adopt a person-centric view to examine profiles of monthly emotions regarding organizational reopening. Additionally, we consider how employees transition from one profile of emotions to another across months. In so doing, we consider whether feelings of hope, gratitude, fear, and resentment co-occur for employees; how employees transition across profiles from one month to the next as a function of perceptions of organizational leaders' trustworthiness and their handling of the COVID-19 crisis; and how changes in profile membership relate to employee well-being, work outcomes, and prevention behaviors to avoid contracting COVID-19. Using 1,422 total measurements from August 2020 to November 2020 from employees at a single university during two monthly transitions with significant crisis-related events (i.e., return to in-person teaching, students living on campus, announcement of pay cuts and furloughs, and the subsequent announcement that some of those conditions would change), we identified four profiles of monthly emotions, with perceived leader trustworthiness and handling of the pandemic being critical features of why employees belonged to different profiles between August-September and October-November. Further, we found implications of monthly transitions for work and COVID-related outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Optimasi Ekstraksi Teh Hijau Berdasarkan Kandungan Polifenol, Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Profil Sensori

<em>Green tea contains polyphenols which are known as sources of antioxidants and contribute to a bitter and astringent taste. Optimization of green tea extraction to obtain sensory profiles that are acceptable for consumers is important. The study aimed to produce an optimal green tea extraction process based on polyphenols content and antioxidant activity, a sensory profile of the basic solution of green tea based on consumer expectations and preferences, and the ideal profile of green tea. This research was conducted by PT. XYZ – Jakarta and Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology IPB University – Bogor, West Java from October 2020 to April 2021. This study used data experiments on RSM by CCD method and consumer perception testing using Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) method. The selection of consumer panelists and FGD participants was conducted in conjunction with the consumer survey. Optimum condition of methode extraction of green tea based on RSM methode was temperature at 78,43 <sup>O</sup>C for 21 minutes. Total of polyphenols, antioxidant activity based on IC<sub>50</sub>, and preference score was 588,58 mg/kg – 750 mg/kg; 14,48μL – 27,03μL; and 4,0 – 5,2, respectively. Green tea extract profile based on consumers preferences had the following profile sensory: burned aroma, floral aroma, tobacco aroma, animalic aroma, umami test, green flavor, astringent aftertaste, straw-like aftertaste; emotional profile: peaceful, adventurous, calm and satisfied; and attribute profile: packaging design: cold color, illustrations image, images of people, combination, high quality and warm color.</em>

Effect of Disclosed Information on Product Liking, Emotional Profile, and Purchase Intent: A Case of Chocolate Brownies Containing Edible-Cricket Protein.

Edible insects, a sustainable and nutritious alternative to conventionally derived proteins, are unfamiliar to Westerners and often associated with negative sentiments. Edible-cricket protein (ECP) added to chocolate brownies (CB) [0% ECP = CBWO (without) vs. 6% w/w ECP = CBW (with)], and disclosed information [no ECP added = (−) vs. ECP with benefits = (+), ECP− and ECP+, respectively] yielded four CB treatments (CBWO−, CBWO+, CBW−, and CBW+). Subjects (n = 112 female and n = 98 male) rated liking, selected emotions before- and after-tasting, and determined consumption (CI) and purchase intent (PI) after tasting. Likings were analyzed with mixed-effects ANOVA and post hoc Tukey’s HSD test. Emotions were evaluated with Cochran’s-Q test and correspondence analysis. Emotions driving or inhibiting overall liking (OL) were assessed with penalty-lift analyses using two-sample t-tests. A random forest algorithm was used to predict PI and estimate variables’ importance. Female’s and male’s expected OL were higher for CBWO− than for CBWO+. Females’ actual OL was higher for CBWO than for CBW regardless of the disclosed information but males’ actual OL was the same across treatments. Females exhibited negative-liking disconfirmation for CBW−. In both tasting conditions, the disclosed information affected treatments’ emotional profiles more than formulation. After-tasting emotions “happy” and “satisfied” were critical predictors of PI.

Profiles of perfectionism, achievement emotions, and academic burnout in South Korean adolescents: Testing the 2 × 2 model of perfectionism

This study aimed to examine the relationship between the 2 × 2 model of perfectionism, academic burnout, and achievement emotions via a person-centered approach in a sample of 450 South Korean adolescents (64.7% female). Participants completed two perfectionism scales (i.e., the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the Almost Perfect Scale-Revised), the Achievement Emotions Questionnaire, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey. The results of the latent profile analysis offered support for the 2 × 2 model of perfectionism with four classes: adaptive (high perfectionistic strivings(PS)/low perfectionistic concerns(PC)), maladaptive (low PS/high PC), mixed (high PS/high PC), and non-perfectionists (low PS/low PC). Adaptive and mixed perfectionists experienced higher levels of positive-activating achievement emotions and lower levels of negative-activating/deactivating achievement emotions than maladaptive and non-perfectionists did.Regarding academic burnout, maladaptive perfectionist was the most maladaptive profile, whereas adaptive perfectionist was the most adaptive profile. Additionally, positive-activating emotions and negative-deactivating emotions negatively and positively predicted academic burnout, respectively. Among these relationships, only the relationship between positive-activating emotions and cynicism was moderated by perfectionism profile. Overall, the present findings may offer a useful framework for understanding the 2 × 2 model of perfectionism of adolescents in academic settings.

BLOCKCHAIN CNN DEEP LEARNING EXPERT SYSTEM FOR HEALTHCARE EMERGENCY

This paper relates to the field of Artificial Intelligence, specifically to image recognition, and provides an innovative method to take advantage of Blockchain Convolutional Neural Networks (BCNNs) in Emotion Recognitions (ERs) using audio–visual emotion patterns to determine a healthcare emergency to be attended. BCNN architectures were used to identify emergency patterns. The results obtained indicate that the proposed method is adequate for the classification and identification of audio–visual patterns using deep learning (DL) with Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs). It is concluded that it is sufficient to consider the audio–visible key features obtained from the patient’s face and voice of the proposed model to recognize a healthcare emergency for immediate action. “Sense of urgency” and “with urgency but with self-control” are the emotion profiles considered for a healthcare emergency, and user personal emotion profiles are stored in the Blockchain ecosystem since they are deemed sensitive data.

Relations Between Mood States and Eating Behavior During COVID-19 Pandemic in a Sample of Italian College Students.

The fear of contagion during the COVID-19 pandemic has been indicated as a relevant cause of psychological pathologies occurring in this period. Food represents a compensating experience, distracting from the experiences of uncertainty, fear and despair, causing alterations in eating habits and behaviors. The study aims at evaluating the relations between fear of a pandemic, mood states and eating disorders in Italian college students, taking into account gender differences. During the lockdown for the pandemic, a sample of 469 college students equally distributed by gender, was recruited online using a questionnaire including the FCV-19S for the assessment of fear of COVID-19, the profile of mood states (POMS) for the evaluation of different emotional states, the eating disorder inventory-2 (EDI-2) and the binge eating scale (BES) to evaluate the presence of the levels of eating disorders. As expected, all emotive states measured by POMS (tension, depression, anger, tiredness, confusion) resulted significantly correlated with the fear of COVID-19. Women were more exposed to fear of COVID-19 showing greater tension, fatigue, depression and confusion, and a significantly higher total mood disturbance score than males. Regarding the EDI-2 and BES variables, tension and anxiety resulted significantly correlated also with bulimic behavior, while depression with interoceptive awareness, impulsivity, and binge eating behaviors, without gender differences. In conclusion, the negative impact of the fear of COVID-19 on the emotional profile and eating behavior suggests the need to implement strategies against psychological distress during the pandemic emergency, and to design psycho-educational interventions aimed at modifying the lifestyle for preventing risks of mental disorders fostering health-oriented behaviors.

Chronic Isolation Stress Affects Central Neuroendocrine Signaling Leading to a Metabolically Active Microenvironment in a Mouse Model of Breast Cancer

Social isolation is a powerful stressor capable of affecting brain plasticity and function. In the case of breast cancer, previous data indicate that stressful experiences may contribute to a worse prognosis, activating neuroendocrine and metabolism pathways, although the mechanisms underlying these effects are still poorly understood. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that chronic isolation stress (IS) may boost hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis activity, leading to changes in the hypothalamic expression of genes modulating both mood and metabolism in an animal model of breast cancer. This centrally activated signaling cascade would, in turn, affect the mammary gland microenvironment specifically targeting fat metabolism, leading to accelerated tumor onset. MMTVNeuTg female mice (a model of breast cancer developing mammary hyperplasia at 5 months of age) were either group-housed (GH) or subjected to IS from weaning until 5 months of age. At this time, half of these subjects underwent acute restraint stress to assess corticosterone (CORT) levels, while the remaining subjects were characterized for their emotional profile in the forced swimming and saccharin preference tests. At the end of the procedures, all the mice were sacrificed to assess hypothalamic expression levels of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf), Neuropeptide Y (NpY), Agouti-Related Peptide (AgRP), and Serum/Glucocorticoid-Regulated Protein Kinase 1 (SgK1). Leptin and adiponectin expression levels, as well as the presence of brown adipose tissue (BAT), were assessed in mammary fat pads. The IS mice showed higher CORT levels following acute stress and decreased expression of NpY, AgRP, and SgK1, associated with greater behavioral despair in the forced swimming test. Furthermore, they were characterized by increased consumption of saccharin in a preference test, suggesting an enhanced hedonic profile. The IS mice also showed an earlier onset of breast lumps (assessed by palpation) accompanied by elevated levels of adipokines (leptin and adiponectin) and BAT in the mammary fat pads. Overall, these data point to IS as a pervasive stressor that is able to specifically target neuronal circuits, mastered by the hypothalamus, modulating mood, stress reactivity and energy homeostasis. The activation of such IS-driven machinery may hold main implications for the onset and maintenance of pro-tumorigenic environments.

Mixed feelings: Profiles of emotions among elementary mathematics students and how they function within a control-value framework

Mixed feelings happen in and outside of the classroom; yet prior research has focused on discrete emotions, essentially ignoring the interaction between emotions. We extend prior person-centered studies of achievement emotions by placing emotions within the Control-Value Theory framework to examine how patterns of emotions mediate the relation between motivation and achievement. We found four profiles of emotion in both fourth (n = 5228) and fifth graders (n = 5299)—two positive profiles, a negative profile, and a mixed emotions profile where frustrated and challenged were the primary emotions. All profiles mediated the relationship between math expectancy and achievement. However, only three of the four emotion profiles mediated the relation between math value and achievement.

The role of comprehensive geriatric assessment in the complex management of senior patients with hip fracture

The increased incidence of hip fracture in the frail elderly patients requires the development of differentiated care, adapted to their physical, psychological and emotional profile. Pre- and postoperative comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is the most accurate tool for developing a personalized therapeutic and care plan. Aim: To investigate the consequences of the surgical treatment of hip fractures on senior patients using CGA preoperatively and in the immediate postoperative period. Material and methods: The prospective study, from which we present the preliminary data, was conducted on a group of 95 patients admitted in the Trauma Clinic with hip fracture. Of these, only 59 underwent CGA preoperatively and 48 hours postoperatively. Particular attention was given to frailty - evaluated with Groningen Frailty Index (GFI), neurocognitive status - evaluated with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and psycho-emotional status - evaluated with Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Results: Analyzing the GFI scores (p = 0.014) it was found that of the preoperatively robust patients 71.4% became frail postoperatively. No statistically significant differences in cognitive and psycho-emotional status were found in the immediate postoperative compared to the initial preoperative assessment, probably due to the small sample size. Conclusions: The results of this study confirm the importance of evaluating the degree of frailty for the prediction of the postoperative evolution of hip fractures in senior patients.

Emotional and Behavioral Assessment of Youths With Visual Impairments Utilizing the BASC-2

Introduction: Few studies have examined the psychological and mental health effects of visual impairments (i.e., blindness and low vision) on youths. Our objectives were to describe the behavioral and emotional profile of students with visual impairments, compare the BASC-2 composite scores for youths with visual impairments with the normative data to determine if significant differences exist, and compare the BASC-2 scores of students categorized as having low vision with students categorized as being totally blind. Methods: A total of 63 students with visual impairments entering a state school for the deaf and blind between 2012 and 2017 had a parent complete the BASC-2 Parent Rating Scale as part of the intake procedure. A retrospective study was conducted to determine patterns of emotional and behavioral strengths and weaknesses in students with low vision and blindness. A Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) and Wilcoxon Rank Sums test were performed to test for differences between children who are blind and children with low vision. Results: Students with visual impairments showed higher levels of clinical symptoms such as anxiety and withdrawal. Statistically significant higher deficits were detected for the students with visual impairments on the Behavioral Symptoms Index and Internalizing Problems composites and significant lower differences for the Adaptive Skills and Externalizing Problems composites compared to the BASC-2 normative sample. When compared with youths with low vision, students who are blind had statistically significant scores (i.e., deficits) for adaptive skills and resiliency. Discussion: Our results suggest that a substantial proportion of students with visual impairments may experience more emotional and behavioral difficulties than the average youth while lacking the adaptive skills to manage their conduct adequately. Implications for practitioners: Professionals working with youths with visual impairments face a number of daunting challenges, since the conditions under the visually impaired umbrella are heterogeneous, and variation exists within a statistically low-incidence disability category. Therefore, those who work with youths with visual impairments have to apply various and unique methods to understand, train, teach, rehabilitate, or counsel these youths.

Relationship between Emotional Intelligence, Educational Achievement and Academic Stress of Pre-Service Teachers.

Emotional intelligence (EI) and stress are constructs that often characterize the teaching profession and are inversely related. There is evidence in the literature that suggests the importance of teachers working on EI in order to learn coping strategies and improve their teaching practices. This descriptive and correlational study had the purpose of examining the social–emotional profile of future teachers based on their EI and academic stress levels in order to provide guidance for future stressful situations that will affect their future professional development. For this purpose, we used a random sampling for convenience in a university population enrolled in degrees of education at Andalusian universities (Spain), getting a sample of 1020 pre-service teachers. The results pointed to a superiority in EI, academic stress, and academic achievement in favor of females compared to males. The relationship among EI, academic stress, and student teachers’ achievement was demonstrated. Furthermore, some components of EI were positioned as important factors to improve student achievement and reduce academic stress. Once the high incidence of these constructs on academic achievement was confirmed, the importance of developing EI and coping and stress skills training programs, aimed at improving academic success and their subsequent professional development, was demonstrated.

Emotion and cognition in personal and collective work-identity formation: variable- and person-oriented analyses

The aim of this study was to investigate emotional and cognitive processes involved in the formation of personal and collective work-identity by variable- and person-oriented analyses. A digitized questionnaire was answered by 768 participants. In line with an autobiographical (personal) memory view, we showed that: (1) emotional processes positively predicted cognitive processes (variable-oriented analyses), and (2) emotional profile had an effect on cognitive processes (person-oriented analyses), with regard to personal work-identity formation. Regarding collective work-identity formation, and in line with a social-identity and self-categorization perspective, we showed that: (1) cognitive processes positively predicted emotional processes (variable-oriented analyses), and (2) cognitive profile had an effect on emotional processes (person-oriented analyses). Our results indicate that emotion and cognition play different roles in personal- and collective work-identity formation; additionally, suggesting that the theoretical views of both personal and social psychology as well as analyses at different levels should be involved in order to gain a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of people-work bonding.

The hypothesis of anticipatory emotions as information for social risks: Examining emotional and cultural mechanisms of risky decisions in public

<p id=p00005>This research project explores the emotional mechanisms underlying prosocial and antisocial behaviors in public arenas. By synthesizing several influential theories concerning the roles of emotions in decision-making, we developed a hypothesis of anticipatory emotions as an information source for social risks. We define anticipatory emotions as any discrete emotions that are induced from anticipating expected choice outcomes and felt at the time of decision-making, and in turn, regulate the decision behavior. Risky events in social and public contexts are characterized by their destructive, emergent, transient, and unpredictable nature. Thus, the reactions to these risky events need to be quick and unambiguous. However, the probabilities of possible consequences associated with these reactions are usually hard to reckon with. Under such conditions, anticipatory emotions provide a prompt and overall risk assessment as a substitute for expected utility, reflecting both the likelihood and severity of expected choice outcomes. We view anticipatory emotions as mental representations of social risks. We predict that different profiles of anticipatory emotions collectively distinguish different types of social risks. Moreover, the combinations of anticipatory emotions are culturally specific. The more recent categorization of the face, dignity, and honor cultures allows us to make predictions about the emotional characteristics of each culture. Overall, the proposed four studies with multiple experiments will examine how anticipatory emotions influence reactions to public risks. We explore how dispositional, social, and cultural factors regulate prosocial and antisocial behaviors. The results of these studies will benefit the research in risk management, public policymaking, and provide scientific support to public education, counseling, and civil service training.

Two Pathways to Self-Harm in Adolescence

ObjectiveThe behavioral and emotional profiles underlying adolescent self-harm, and its developmental risk factors, are relatively unknown. We aimed to identify subgroups of young people who self-harm (YPSH) and longitudinal risk factors leading to self-harm.MethodParticipants were from the Millennium Cohort Study (N = 10,827). A clustering algorithm was used to identify subgroups who self-harmed with different behavioral and emotional profiles at age 14 years. We then traced the profiles back in time (ages 5−14 years) and used feature selection analyses to identify concurrent correlates and longitudinal risk factors of self-harming behavior.ResultsThere were 2 distinct subgroups at age 14 years: a smaller group (n = 379) who reported a long history of psychopathology, and a second, much larger group (n = 905) without. Notably, both groups could be predicted almost a decade before the reported self-harm. They were similarly characterized by sleep problems and low self-esteem, but there was developmental differentiation. From an early age, the first group had poorer emotion regulation, were bullied, and their caregivers faced emotional challenges. The second group showed less consistency in early childhood, but later reported more willingness to take risks and less security with peers/family.ConclusionOur results uncover 2 distinct pathways to self-harm: a “psychopathology” pathway, associated with early and persistent emotional difficulties and bullying; and an “adolescent risky behavior” pathway, whereby risk taking and external challenges emerge later into adolescence and are associated with self-harm. At least one of these pathways has a long developmental history, providing an extended window for interventions as well as potential improvements in the identification of children at risk, biopsychosocial causes, and treatment or prevention of self-harm.