Emotional Abuse Research Articles

Comparing Rituximab and Cyclophosphamide in Induction Therapy for Childhood-Onset ANCA-Associated Vasculitis: An ARChiVe registry-cohort study.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) are chronic life-threatening vasculitides requiring substantial immunotherapy. Adult trials identified rituximab (RTX) as an alternative to cyclophosphamide (CYC) for remission-induction of GPA/MPA. Disease rarity has limited feasibility of similar trials in pediatrics. We aim to evaluate the relative efficacy and toxicity of CYC and RTX for childhood GPA/MPA through registry-based comparative evaluation. From A Registry of Childhood Vasculitis we identified GPA/MPA patients who received induction with RTX or CYC. Pediatric vasculitis activity score (PVAS) and pediatric vasculitis damage index (pVDI) evaluated disease activity and damage. Descriptive statistics summarized patient characteristics. RTX/CYC comparisons used logistic regression for primary outcomes of post-induction remission (PVAS=0) or low disease activity (PVAS<2). Hospital admission for adverse events and pVDI were compared using logistic regression and ordinal regression, respectively. Among 104 patients, 43% received RTX, 46% CYC, 11% both. Treatment groups did not significantly differ for diagnosis PVAS and onset age. There was no difference in remission between groups (63% overall; OR 1.07, 95% CI: 0.45, 2.52). Hospitalizations occurred in 22% of RTX patients versus 10% on CYC (OR 2.27, 95% CI: 0.73, 7.05). The median 12-month pVDI was one in both groups (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.43, 2.22). This is the first study comparing CYC and RTX for induction in pediatric GPA/MPA. No significant differences were shown in rates of remission, severe adverse events, or organ damage. Limitations included lack of standardized treatment regimens, retrospectivity, and lack of longitudinal adverse drug-related event data.

Domestic Violence in India- Issues and Challenges

Domestic violence is violence or abusive behaviour which is used by one partner to control another partner in any relationship. Domestic violence can be physical, sexual, emotional, and psychological or any pattern. For example, it may take the form of sexual assault psychological abuse or verbal abuse to anyone. It affects people of all socioeconomic backgrounds and education levels. Domestic violence not only affects those who are abused, but also affects family members, friends, co-workers, other witnesses, and the community at large. According to the National Family Health Survey (NFHS), 2019-2021, 29.3% of married Indian women between the ages of 18 and 49 have experienced domestic or sexual violence in India. That is only the number of cases reported by women, there are frequently many more that never make it to the police. According to NFHS data, 87% of married women are victims of marital violence. The National Commission for Women said in 2020-21, it received 26,513 complaints from women, an increase of 25.09%, compared with the 20,309 complaints registered in 2019-20. The Indian legal system has formed Section 498A of the Indian Penal Code according to the Criminal Law (Second Amendment) Act, 1983 (46 of 1983), especially for dealing with domestic violence. 498A IPC states that “Husband or relative of husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty. —Whoever, being the husband or the relative of the husband of a woman, subjects such woman to cruelty shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years and shall also be liable to a fine. Sec 498A IPC is cognizable, non-compoundable and non-bail able. Even though the law provides for the security of women, there is a big loophole; a lack of awareness among the victims, most of whom do not know that they have the option to approach the law. In this paper, the researchers have tried to explore the issue and challenges for stopping domestic violence in India.

Impact of caregiving stressors on elder abuse—examining the mediating role of caregiver coping strategies

Objectives Based on the Caregiving Stress Theory and Cognitive Theory of Stress and Coping, this study examined whether increase in caregiving stressors had an impact on subsequent increase in different forms of elder abuse. Additionally, this study evaluated how these relationships were influenced by caregiver (CG) coping strategies. Method A group of 800 Chinese primary family CGs and their care recipients (CRs) with mild cognitive impairment or mild-to-moderate dementia were analyzed. Participatory dyads were assessed and followed for 2 years. Structural Equation Models were used to test the associations among caregiving stressors, CG coping strategies, and elder abuse. Results Increase in caregiving stressors (ie CR decreased cognitive function, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and functional impairment) significantly increased the level of subsequent physical abuse, psychological abuse, and neglect. In addition, the associations between caregiving stressors and different forms of elder abuse as stated above was mediated by CG dysfunctional coping strategies. Conclusion This study highlights the varying impact of caregiving stressors on different types of elder abuse and emphasizes the role of CG coping strategies in mediating these relationships. The findings provide valuable insights for the development of intervention protocols targeting both caregiving stressors and CG coping strategies to prevent elder abuse.

Assessing the Content Relevance of Gender-based Violence News Articles in Tanzanian Newspapers on Reducing the Problem

Aims: The purpose of the study was to assess the content relevance of Gender-based Violence (GBV) news articles in Tanzanian newspapers on reducing the problem. The study applied Agenda setting theory (McCombs and Shaw, 1972) as a leading theory complemented by the Priming theory (Iyengar, Peters, and Kender, 1982) and Framing theory (Gregory Bateson, 1972). Study Design: The study adopted a triangulation approach where both quantitative and qualitative methods and tools were applied. The study was conducted between September 2022 and January 2023 in six regions of Tanzania Mainland (Dodoma, Iringa, Kigoma, Mtwara, Mwanza, and Tanga) and two main Islands of Zanzibar (Unguja and Pemba). Methodology: The study was cross-sectional and applied a triangulation approach whereby both qualitative and quantitative research methods were applied in data collection, analysis, and reporting. It involved 161 respondents and 297 copies of five daily newspapers for data. Findings: From the study, it was revealed that GBV content had little relevance. It was scarcely reported; that was, only 2% of GBV articles out of 14,618 were identified. There was also a significant variation in GBV reporting between newspapers - the highest percentage of articles in newspapers was 0.76% and the lowest was 0.06%. In addition, the study revealed sexual violence was reported more frequently 36% and psychological violence less frequently 11%. Furthermore, Kiswahili newspapers carried 80% of all GBV articles compared to 20% of English newspapers. GBV articles were geographically relevant but were not enough to motivate respondents to read newspapers. Hence the majority of the respondents 52% were not satisfied with the usefulness of GBV issues reported in newspapers. Conclusion: The study concluded that most of the contents of GBV articles in the Tanzanian newspapers had little relevance and thus low contribution to reducing GBV in the country. It was therefore recommended that media houses/outlets should think of establishing special GBV reporting desks, investing in investigative reporting of GBV, and considering the recruitment of specialized GBV editors and reporters.

Association of Childhood Abuse With Incident Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

A link between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), stressful life events, and psychological factors has previously been reported. Our objective was to examine the relationship between emotional, physical, and sexual abuse of childhood and risk of IBD using a large cohort of female health professionals. We included participants in the Nurses' Health Study II who completed the Physical and Emotional Abuse Subscale of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Sexual Maltreatment Scale of the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale in 2001. Diagnosis of IBD was determined by self-report and confirmed independently by 2 physicians through review of medical records. We used Cox proportional hazard modeling to estimate the risk of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) while adjusting for covariates. Among 68,167 women followed from 1989 until 2017, there were 146 incident cases of CD and 215 incident cases of UC. Compared with women with no history of abuse, the adjusted hazard ratios of CD were 1.16 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.67-2.02) for mild, 1.58 (95% CI 0.92-2.69) for moderate, and 1.95 (95% CI 1.22-3.10) for severe abuse ( Ptrend = 0.002). We did not observe an association between childhood abuse and risk of UC. Women who reported early life severe abuse had an increased risk of CD. These data add to the growing body of evidence on the critical role of early life stressors in development of CD.

Exploring factors associated with domestic violence among pregnant women in Pakistan and its implications for maternal and perinatal health

ABSTRACT Domestic violence during pregnancy is a critical health issue due to its significant implications for both maternal and fetal well-being. Women in South Asian countries are particularly at a higher risk of experiencing domestic violence. The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with domestic violence among pregnant women attending tertiary care antenatal services in Pakistan. The secondary aim was to evaluate the impact of domestic violence on maternal and perinatal outcomes. The study participants were 681 pregnant women registered for antenatal care and delivery at a tertiary care hospital in Islamabad, Pakistan. Data were collected through in-person surveys and medical chart reviews. Associations between domestic violence and study variables were examined by logistic regression analysis. Among the study participants, 31.4%experienced some form of domestic violence during pregnancy, with psychological abuse (16.4%) being the most prevalent followed by sexual abuse (9.5%) and physical violence (1.8%). Women whose husbands were unemployed were three times more likely to experience domestic violence (aOR; 3.3, 95%CI: 1.6, 7.0). Similarly, husband’s substance abuse was significantly associated with domestic violence during pregnancy (aOR: 120.8, 95%CI: 57.9, 252.2). Domestic violence was a significant predictor of adverse maternal outcomes, including anemia, preterm labor, and recurrent abdominal pain. Similarly, domestic violence was a significant predictor of NICU admission (aOR: 20.6, 95%CI: 12.6, 33.8) and low birthweight (aOR: 24.4, 95%CI: 10.2, 58.4). The study findings emphasize the urgent need for comprehensive interventions targeting domestic violence among women and preventing its cascading effects on pregnancies.

PO0242: The Dose-Effect Relationship for Vaginal Late Toxicity in Intracavitary Brachytherapy with Cylinder Applicator

PO0242: The Dose-Effect Relationship for Vaginal Late Toxicity in Intracavitary Brachytherapy with Cylinder Applicator

Colorectal cancer research priorities in Uganda: perspectives from local key experts and stakeholders.

The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing in Uganda but there is limited local research to guide policy and programming for CRC prevention and control. A stakeholder engagement workshop took place in Kampala on 19March 2024 to identify challenges and opportunities for CRC prevention and control in Uganda. A total of 30 stakeholders with expertise in CRC primary and secondary prevention, diagnosis, treatment, palliative care as well as cancer survivors participated in the workshop. Key challenges for primary prevention included low knowledge/awareness of CRC among the general population and health workers, and rising prevalence of CRC related risk factors. Limited CRC screening, diagnostic facilities and specialists were identified as barriers to diagnosis. Treatment related challenges included limited accessibility to surgical services and drugs, late-stage presentation leading to poor treatment response, treatment abandonment and drug related toxicity. Lack of universal health coverage policies, limited community-based cancer awareness programs, and lack of national cancer registries were cited as policy and economics challenges. Opportunities to address these challenges were discussed. Our findings highlight areas for further research and prioritization to address Uganda's growing CRC burden and may be applicable to other low-resource settings.

Investigation of 44-methylgambierone reactivity with periodate: Structural reassignment, solvent instability and formation of a furanoid analogue

Gambierones are sulfated polyethers produced by benthic dinoflagellates in the genera Gambierdiscus, Coolia and Fukuyoa. While relative toxicity data for gambierones suggests they are low compared with ciguatoxin analogues, gambierones have been suggested for use as marker compounds for environmental monitoring programs for the presence of Gambierdiscus in marine waters. The published structure of gambierone and analogues of it, including 44-methylgambierone (44-MeGAM), have been reported to possess 1,2- and 4,5-cis diols, while only the 1,2- diol unit has been shown to undergo periodate oxidation. An in-depth analysis of previously reported NMR data for 44-MeGAM in CD3OD showed that the C-4 stereochemistry of 44-MeGAM and other gamberiones was mis-assigned, that the 4-CH2-CHOH-CH2OH and OH groups are equatorially and axially oriented, respectively, rather than vice versa as previously reported. This re-examination of existing 44-MeGAM NMR data also showed that its C-12 and C-13 assignments (and those for other gambierones) should be reversed. In an effort to better understand the C-4 stereochemical and periodate reaction characteristics of gambierones (C-4 is an epimerizable hemiacetal carbon), additional NMR data was acquired in D6-DMSO. Unexpectedly, progressive conversion of 44-MeGAM to a long-term stable ring-A furanoid analogue was observed. A subsequent series of microscale stability trials identified several solvents that affected the solution-stability of 44-MeGAM, and these findings should be taken into consideration during isolation, handling, storage and bioassay evaluations of gambierones in future studies.

Childhood Emotional Trauma and Flourishing in Female College Students.

There are few studies that measure the effects of childhood emotional trauma on female college students' positive perceptions and attitudes toward their present lives. Therefore, this study analyzes how female college students' emotional trauma induced by child emotional abuse influences their flourishing as adults. To this end, a descriptive survey via an online platform was conducted from November 26 to December 3, 2022. The participants were 318 female college students aged 18 to 35 in South Korea, who experienced parental emotional abuse when they were younger than 18 years old. The survey was conducted to validate the moderating effects of resilience and cognitive emotion regulation strategies on the relationship between female college students' childhood emotional trauma and flourishing. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and Hayes' PROCESS macro. Self-blame, other-blame, and positive refocusing factors of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire were found to moderate the relationship between childhood emotional trauma and flourishing. Specifically, the self-blame strategy intensified the negative moderation effect. As flourishing depends on the degree of self-blame, fostering optimism by mitigating self-blame is necessary. The other-blame strategy attenuated the negative impact of childhood emotional trauma on flourishing. Nevertheless, this strategy can weaken emotions if individuals fail to regulate them independently. A positive refocusing strategy also effectively moderated the relationship between childhood emotional trauma and flourishing by alleviating the former's adverse effects. By contrast, resilience lacked a moderation effect. To overcome past emotional adversities and lead a flourishing life, interventions that actively utilize relational resources within the campus and regulate irrational beliefs, such as self-blame and blame toward others are necessary. These findings provide critical foundational data for the development of programs aimed at fostering a forward-thinking cognitive framework, thus enabling them to focus on future plans despite memories of emotional abuse.

Forgotten Violence: Social and Cultural Contexts of Sibling Abuse in Afghanistan (A Case Study of Students - District 6 of Kabul)

Background and Purpose: The probability of a person being subjected to violence in the family is much higher than outside the family. The purpose of this research is to examine family violence, especially sibling violence among families in Kabul province, Afghanistan. Methodology: This research was conducted using a simple accessible sampling method with several 370 boys and girls in the families of Kabul using a researcher-made questionnaire. Findings and Conclusions: Descriptive findings show that among the families of Kabul city, physical abuse by siblings is 26.4%, psychological abuse by siblings is 26.4%, and lastly, siblings are sexually abused by 10.2%. is placed the age of the victim of sibling abuse was more than 16 years old in boys and girls (54.5%) had the highest frequency. 28% had the most sibling abuse in children 4 and later, 54.5% of Tajiks and 41.5% of early education had high levels of sibling abuse in their families. On the other hand, 37.6% of unemployed families, 36% of low-income families, 50% of parents living alone, and 54.4% of families with vehicles had more frequency of sibling abuse. Analytical findings show that the cultural and social characteristics of families, such as the level of parental education, poverty, and unemployment, have an effect on the level of violence between siblings, and students who have a lower level of family background than They told others, violence has become more prevalent among them. The results show that social factors and cultural levels within families are effective in the level of violence among children; therefore, if a society can strengthen the normative and cultural components of families through education, it can improve the health of families.

Elucidating Heterogeneity of Intimate Partner Violence Among Women: Latent Class Analysis of Daily IPV, PTSD, and Substance Use Collected via Experience Sampling Methodologies.

The co-occurrence of physical, psychological, and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with heightened risk for deleterious mental and physical health outcomes, including PTSD symptoms and substance use. However, few studies have investigated the heterogeneity of experiences with respect to this co-occurrence among women who experience IPV as it unfolds naturally in women's daily lives. In this study, we developed a novel approach to classify and visualize daily patterns of IPV experiences, PTSD-related distress, and substance use among women who experience IPV. Women (N = 244, Mage = 37.1 years) who reported experiencing IPV and using substances were recruited from the community. Micro-longitudinal data were collected four times per day for 14 days using automated telephone-based data collection. Analyses included latent class analysis (LCA) and multilevel analysis (interval-, day-, and person-level), complimented by novel data visualization tool (EventFlow). We identified three classes that significantly differed in the prevalence of and patterns among IPV types, PTSD, and substance use. Based on examination of LCA results and visualization of the latent classes in EventFlow. Different patterns of associations among IPV types, PTSD symptoms, and substance use were identified within classes at the interval-, day-, and person-level. Results from this study provide greater insight into the heterogeneity of women's lived experiences than do studies solely relying on cross-sectional survey data. Findings with this type of data collection can inform the development of interventions to increase the precision in clinical practice, identify new avenues for future research, and have important policy implications.

The mediation role of gray matter volume in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and psychological resilience in adolescents with first-episode major depressive disorder

Previous studies have revealed morphologic alterations in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) with experiences of childhood trauma. However, the underlying neural mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study aims to explore the brain structural changes and their possible mediation role in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and psychological resilience in drug-naïve adolescents with first-episode MDD. A total of 57 adolescents with first-episode MDD and 36 healthy controls (HCs) completed the T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scan. The adverse childhood experiences and current psychological resilience were assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form and the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale, respectively. The voxel-based morphometry approach was applied to examine changes in the gray matter volume (GMV). Compared with the HCs, adolescents with MDD had significantly reduced GMV volumes in the left fusiform gyrus, right orbitofrontal gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus, right calcarine cortex, right middle frontal gyrus, left angular gyrus, right precuneus, right posterior cingulate gyrus, and right posterior central gyrus, as well as significantly increased GMV volumes in the left lenticular putamen and right lenticular pallidum. The GMV of the right calcarine cortex was found to be negatively correlated with the severity of emotional abuse and positively correlated with the level of psychological resilience. Moreover, the GMV of the right calcarine cortex might partially mediate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and psychological resilience. The present study provided further evidence for structural impairments in adolescents with MDD. Our findings also confirmed the important role of depression-related GMV changes in childhood growth experiences and psychological resilience characteristics during adolescent brain maturation.

The Prevalence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Fibromyalgia in Women with Borderline Personality Disorder and Their Association with Childhood Abuse

Childhood abuse is a significant factor in the development of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and many physical health disorders, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and fibromyalgia. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of PCOS and fibromyalgia in women with BPD compared to the general population. Additionally, it compared the prevalence of these conditions in women who experienced different types of childhood abuse (emotional, physical, or sexual). Participants were identified from the Multidisciplinary Alfred Psychiatry research centre’s Women’s Mental Health Clinic database, including 150 women diagnosed with BPD. Clinicians collected information on PCOS, fibromyalgia, and trauma history. Results showed higher rates of PCOS (17.3%) and fibromyalgia (8.7%) in women with BPD compared to general population samples. Emotional abuse was associated with the highest PCOS prevalence (22.8%), while co-occurring physical, sexual, and emotional abuse was linked to the highest fibromyalgia prevalence. These findings highlight the significant prevalence of PCOS and fibromyalgia in women with BPD and their association with childhood abuse.

“No one wants you back, you will stay here forever”: Exploring the story of the Israeli children who were held in captivity by Hamas

BackgroundRecent armed conflicts around the world have highlighted that child abduction and hostage-taking are pervasive, and of high concern for child rights, child development, and well-being. Little research exists on child hostages in specific conflict contexts. ObjectiveThis study was designed to examine child hostage stories conveyed by the Israeli children who were released from captivity in Gaza, post the October 7, 2023, Hamas-led attack on Israel. Child hostage stories, as published in Israeli media, were based on recorded interviews with the children. Participants and settingFifty-seven child interviews were identified, based on 18 children and youth who were aged 8 to 18. The child interviews in the media were in Hebrew. MethodsChild interviews were gathered from popular Israeli news channels, which were manually searched using systematic keywords. A search was also conducted through Google and YouTube. All of the included recorded interviews with the released child hostages were analyzed qualitatively, using inductive thematic analysis. ResultsThree main themes were generated: 1) the event of being kidnapped from Israel, with three sub-themes, including the kidnapping experience, atrocities witnessed, and entering the territory of Gaza; 2) the story of captivity, with four sub-themes including experiencing harsh environmental conditions, emotional abuse, medical neglect, physical and sexual abuse; and 3) the release from captivity, including experiencing the release, being put into a media show, separating from other hostages, experiencing fear during the exiting, and experiencing disbelief about their freedom. ConclusionsThe Israeli children held captive by Hamas in 2023 endured horrific experiences. Researching these children's experiences through their own words is essential for validating their stories, bearing witness, and deepening our current understanding of the trauma and the violation of these children's rights. This study acknowledges the limitations in its methodology, while also demonstrating the viability of collecting children's testimonies from the media when done ethically. This research advocates for future studies to examine children held captive in such contexts around the globe, and urges the implementation of children's rights paradigm and trauma-informed policy and practice in supporting these children.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gang Membership in a Brazilian Birth Cohort

There is no longitudinal evidence on risk factors for gang membership in low- and middle-income countries, despite organized crime groups posing major challenges, including high homicide rates in Latin America. Furthermore, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been largely overlooked in gang-related research worldwide. To examine the associations of ACEs up to 15 years of age with past-year gang membership at 18 years of age and to compare crime and criminal justice involvement between gang members and non-gang members. This cohort study assessed children from the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort-an ongoing population-based, prospective study. Assessments were undertaken perinatally (1993) and when the children were ages 11 (2004), 15 (2008), 18 (2011), and 22 (2015) years. All children born in 1993 were eligible (N = 5265), and 5249 (99.7%) were enrolled at birth. The study sample (N = 3794 [72.1%]) included those with complete data on ACEs. Data analyses were conducted from February to August 2024. Twelve ACEs were assessed up to 15 years of age via child self-report and/or maternal report, including physical neglect, physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, domestic violence, maternal mental illness, parental divorce, ever being separated from parents, parental death, poverty, discrimination, and neighborhood fear. These experiences were examined using a single adversity approach, cumulative risk, and latent classes. The main outcome was past-year gang membership at 18 years of age, assessed via self-report and analyzed using multivariate imputation. Of 3794 participants, 1964 (51.8%) were female and 1830 (48.2%) were male, and 703 (18.5%) were Black, 2922 (77.0%) were White, and 169 (4.5%) were coded as "other" race or ethnicity (no additional details are available to further disaggregate the other category). On the basis of the imputed data, 1.6% (SE, 0.2 percentage points) of participants reported gang membership at 18 years of age. Physical abuse (odds ratio [OR], 2.76; 95% CI, 1.27-5.98), emotional abuse (OR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.51-5.02), domestic violence (OR, 3.39; 95% CI, 1.77-6.48), parental divorce (OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.17-3.54), and separation from parents (OR, 3.13; 95% CI, 1.54-6.37) were associated with an increased risk of gang membership. A dose-response association was observed, with 4 or more ACEs increasing the risk (OR, 8.86; 95% CI, 2.24-35.08). In latent class analysis, the class with child maltreatment and household challenges was associated with a higher risk of gang membership than the low-adversities class (OR, 7.10; 95% CI, 2.37-21.28). There was no robust evidence that children exposed to household challenges and social risks were at increased risk of gang membership (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 0.46-11.25). In this prospective cohort study, ACEs, particularly child maltreatment and family conflict, were associated with gang involvement when examined individually, cumulatively, and as clusters in a high-crime environment in Brazil. These findings underscore the value of integrating the ACE framework into gang-related research and the potential to reduce gang-related crime by reducing ACEs.

The impact of adverse childhood experiences on adult physical, mental health, and abuse behaviors: A sex-stratified nationwide latent class analysis in Japan

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been reported to detrimentally impact physical and mental health. While experiencing multiple ACEs is common, previous research primarily assessed ACEs by their total count, neglecting the impacts of different experience types. Furthermore, sex-based differences in ACEs and their influences remain unclear. This study employed Latent Class Analysis (LCA) to uncover patterns of ACEs with consideration for sex differences, aiming to elucidate their effects on adult physical and mental health. A geographically nationally representative dataset from the “Japan COVID-19 and Society Internet Study (JACSIS)” conducted in 2022 was used. 13,715 men and 14,327 women retrospectively reported their experiences across fifteen ACEs. The analysis revealed four distinct ACE patterns for both sexes: a Multiple Adversities class with a wide range of severe ACEs, a Psychological Abuse class experiencing emotional abuse at home and bullying at school, a Poverty class facing economic hardships, and a Low Adversities class with the fewest ACEs. Multinomial logistic regression analysis indicated that more severe patterns of exposure correlated with heightened adverse adult outcomes. However, the extent of these impacts varied by sex and ACE pattern. For instance, men in Multiple Adversities and Psychological Abuse classes exhibited higher tendencies towards conducting physical and psychological abuse behaviors. While ACEs in men were linked to both underweight (in cases of psychological abuse) and obesity (across all classes), women with ACEs generally leaned towards higher body weight. These findings highlight the importance of developing support strategies sensitive to sex differences and the specific content of ACEs.

Sex-specific co-developmental trajectories of childhood victimization among elementary school students: Relations to social behavior

This study aimed to identify sex-specific co-developmental trajectories of multiple forms of childhood victimization: family maltreatment (FM), psychological maltreatment by teachers (PMT), and peer victimization (PV), and their relations to prosocial and delinquent behaviors among elementary school students. A total of 4378 Chinese elementary school students (Mage = 9.93; SD = 0.92; 55.14% boys) participated in assessments on five occasions, using six-month intervals. Parallel process latent class growth model analyses revealed three trajectories for boys: Congruent-low (75.64%), High-PV, Moderate-FM and PMT (14.62%), and Moderate-PV, High-FM and PMT (9.74%). Similarly, girls exhibited three trajectories: Congruent-low (81.11%), Moderate-PMT, High-FM and PV (10.54%), and High-PMT, Moderate-FM and PV (8.35%). The results indicated that boys were more susceptible than girls to three forms of childhood victimization. Furthermore, boys were especially vulnerable to co-occurring FM and PMT. In contrast, girls were more vulnerable to co-occurring FM and PV. Additionally, after experiencing childhood victimization, girls showed a greater hindrance in prosocial behavior development, whereas boys exhibited a more significant increase in delinquent behavior. These findings underscore the importance of considering sex differences in understanding multiple forms of childhood victimization and provide important insights for prevention and intervention efforts.

Linking early emotional abuse/neglect with young adolescents’ social (versus general) anxiety symptoms: A developmental cascade through emotion regulation

Despite the widely documented implications of childhood emotional abuse/neglect for subsequent anxiety symptoms, the implicated mechanisms remain under-revealed, especially the various transdiagnostic and specific pathways related to early experiences of emotional abuse versus emotional neglect and different types of subsequent anxiety symptoms (social versus general). Using three-wave data from 844 Chinese adolescents (Meanage = 13.21 at Wave 1, SD = 0.39; 53 % Boys), we tested emotion regulation strategies (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) as explanatory mechanisms underlying the links between childhood emotional abuse/neglect and subsequent social anxiety symptoms (SAS), while simultaneously considering general anxiety symptoms (GAS) for the identification of possible specificity. Results indicated that expressive suppression played a mediating role in the links between emotional neglect and both forms of anxiety symptoms, whereas cognitive reappraisal served as a linking mechanism only for the link between emotional neglect and GAS. No effects were identified for emotional abuse. All associations were identified after controlling for the baseline levels of anxiety symptoms, the baseline uses of emotion regulation strategies, and covariates (age, gender, and family socioeconomic status). Our findings re-confirm that emotion regulation is an important intermediate process accounting for anxiety-related sequelae of early emotional deprivation, suggesting that expressive suppression appears to be a more developmentally transdiagnostic process shaped particularly by early emotional neglect to contribute to different types of subsequent anxiety symptoms. Accordingly, educational and clinical practices on emotion regulation likely benefit the affective well-being of young adolescents whose childhood has been clouded with emotional neglect.

Psychological Maltreatment Impairs Children’s Automatic Response Inhibition in Implicit Emotion Regulation: Evidence from Event-Related Potentials

Psychological Maltreatment Impairs Children’s Automatic Response Inhibition in Implicit Emotion Regulation: Evidence from Event-Related Potentials