Emotional Load Research Articles

Animal Health Discourse during Ecological Crises in the Media-Lessons Learnt from the Flood in Thessaly from the One Health Perspective.

Due to the increasing risk of extreme events caused by climate change (i.e., floods, fires and hurricanes) or wars, European veterinary public health may need some improvement. Utilizing a mix of qualitative (participatory observation) and quantitative methods (Internet mining), we analyzed the Greek media's responses to the millennial flood in Thessaly (September 2023), focusing on animal health (including wild, companion animals and livestock) and public sentiment towards epizootic/epidemic threats. The study revealed a gap in crisis management plans regarding veterinary-related issues, emphasizing the need for comprehensive emergency response strategies. Our findings show how (i) the lay referral system is projecting the perception of epidemic threats into the population; (ii) the emotional load of images of animal carcasses is misused by media creators aiming for a big audience; and (iii) pets' owners are creating online communities for the searching and treatment of their pets. Our results stress the importance of integrating crisis communication in consecutive phases of the discourse, such as the following: (i) weather change; (ii) acute flood; (iii) recovery; and (iv) outbreaks, into veterinary practices to better prepare for such disasters.

The Dynamics of Resting-State EEG and Salivary Trace Elements in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

The study of salivary microelements and their neurophysiological and behavioral correlates in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a pressing issue in modern psychiatry, which, however, lacks adequate research at this time. In this study, we tested the dynamics of behavioral parameters, resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG), and salivary iron, copper, manganese, magnesium, and zinc in 30 healthy volunteers and 30 individuals with OCD before and after an emotional antisaccade task. The eye-movement data served as a measure of behavioral performance. Our research revealed consistently higher manganese concentrations in the OCD group compared to healthy volunteers associated with a higher EEG ratio of amplitude transformation and symptom severity. The dynamics of salivary microelements and resting-state EEG, possibly influenced by cognitive and emotional load during the anticsaccade task, differed between groups. In healthy volunteers, there was a decrease in salivary iron level with an increase in high-frequency power spectral density of EEG. The OCD group showed a decrease in salivary copper with an increased Hjorth mobility of EEG.

Exploring factors in Human Cognition that affect Human Performance during Takeover in Autonomous Driving

Driver's mental load is an important influence on the design of the human-machine interface (HMI) for self-driving cars. During the autopilot-forced takeover process, aspects of the user's cognition, decision-making, attention, and emotional state affect the takeover performance. Therefore, the cognitive and psychological states of drivers must be considered in the HMI design of self-driving cars. And a good HMI design will reduce the user's mental burden and improve the takeover performance. In this study, a model affecting drivers' takeover performance was designed through human factors. And we refine the analysis from three aspects of cognitive load, emotional load, and environmental load by making subjective likert-style-questionnaires, derive the main influencing factors through the reliability analysis of the data, factor analysis, and other methods. This work finds that the clarity, comprehensiveness, and level of humanization of takeover messages, as well as the driver's arousal level when receiving the message, have the greatest impact on the driver's workload.

Underground City: Archaeology of the Warsaw Ghetto in its academic, memorial and social context

Archaeological research in ​​the former Warsaw Ghetto conducted in 2021-2022 was the first scientific investigation undertaken in the area in a systematic and planned way. Non-invasive research took place in four locations, followed by excavation campaigns in two selected sites and revealed the cellars of the pre-war buildings and lots of artefacts. Especially interesting was the immediate vicinity of the so-called Anielewicz bunker, where the commander of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in 1943, Mordechai Anielewicz, fought his last battle. Very little is known about the bunker itself and the excavations have shed new light on the issue, possibly unearthing part of the bunker's extended structure. We have to be aware that in comparison to the typical problems of urban archaeology, the archaeology of the Warsaw Ghetto faces some specific issues. The post-war buildings in the area were constructed on the rubble of the ancient city, almost completely destroyed by the Nazis during World War II. Moreover, the former residential quarter of the murdered Jews carries a huge emotional load, and any archaeological find made here acquires symbolic significance. Thus the social reception of the research is extremely important.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): could we decide what is behind?

Functional visceral problems are frequently present nowadays in the medical practice probably due to the significant mental and emotional load on people. Although physicians and psychophysiologists are active on the field, still we are far from a complete knowledge, despite the fact that scientists like the Hungarian Professor György Ádám already had initiated a new approach called visceral psychophysiology already a long time ago. In this article, we commemorate Professor Ádám by analyzing one of the most frequent functional disorders, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), calling psychophysiology for help. First, we try to give a definition, then show the general descriptions and characteristics of IBS. Factors like stress, gender, and gastrointestinal pain are followed by the potential role of the immune system and the neuronal factors as well as the supposed brain mechanisms. We hope that this overview of the IBS-history would show how significant scientists can be decisive in certain fields of the science and practice.

Bereavement Counsellors' Experiences Supporting the Families of Deceased Children Within a German Bereavement Network- A Qualitative Interview Study.

Background: The "Bereavement Network Lower Saxony" (BNLS) provides professional bereavement support to families grieving for a child. The present study aimed at exploring the experiences of BNLS bereavement counsellors in providing bereavement support to affected families. Methods: 12 semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with bereavement counsellors of the BNLS between June and August 2022. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using qualitative content analysis, according to Mayring (2010). Results: Bereavement counsellors perceived that grief could be experienced very differently, and thus bereavement support must always be based on the individual needs and resources of bereaved family members. Bereavement counsellors appreciated exchange within the network and supervision to cope with emotional load that arises from compassion for those affected. Conclusions: Bereavement support within a network structure may improve the accessibility of individual support and enable exchange between counsellors, thus ensuring better bereavement support. Public outreach and strategic partnerships with clinics may amplify the positive impact of this support service.

Limitations and opportunities for the appropriation of the Mediterranean diet in Chilean adults with diagnostic elements of metabolic syndrome

Background: a healthy food intake pattern, specifically the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), is a factor associated with reduced risk, lower prevalence, and better management of chronic diseases. However, there is limited information regarding how patients integrate proposals for adherence to this food pattern in their daily lives. Objective: to identify factors and conditions that influence adherence to the MedDiet in Chile. Methods: an exploratory qualitative study was applied in 35 to 65-year-old patients of both sexes who presented at least one diagnostic criterion of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Through in-depth interviews and focal groups, knowledge, assessment, attitudes, and practices associated with changes and maintenance of healthy eating habits, with emphasis on the MedDiet, were investigated. Information analysis was carried out under the grounded theory approach using the ATLAS.ti software. Results: participants recognized the value of healthy eating, including the MedDiet, but declared low knowledge (identification of single foods items) together with facilitators (variety of ingredients) and limiting factors (taste, availability/cost of some items, family dynamics) for its routine adoption. In addition, change in eating habits generates a high initial cognitive and emotional load that requires not only individual but also relational effort as it implies modifications of family and collective practices. Conclusions: information obtained on barriers and opportunities to adhere to healthy eating such as the MedDiet is key to design and implement nutritional interventions based on this food pattern and that can be sustainable in time for chronic disease management in Chile.

Time Experiencing in Men Serving the Term of Imprisonment – a Semantic Differential Study

Abstract This paper proposes a semantic differential-based research method called Prison Time. The study with this tool was conducted on a group (N = 161) of men serving time in Polish prisons. The analysis revealed a two-factor structure accounting for 49.1% of the variance, with Cronbach’s alpha greater than 0.74. The Perceptual-Formal factor reflects formal aspects of perceiving time – pace, dynamics, and changeability. The Emotional-Valence factor captures both the emotional load and assessment related to experiencing imprisonment time. The measure is likely to be used by both academics and practitioners interested in assessing the subjective attitude to time as experienced in prison.

Physician’s conceptions of the decision-making process when managing febrile infants ≤ 60 days old: a phenomenographic qualitative study

BackgroundThe management of febrile infants aged ≤ 60 days and adherence to guidelines vary greatly. Our objective was to describe the process of decision-making when managing febrile infants aged ≤ 60 days and to describe the factors that influenced this decision.MethodsWe conducted 6 focus group discussions with 19 clinically active physicians in the pediatric emergency departments of 2 university hospitals in Skåne region, Sweden. We followed an inductive qualitative design, using a phenomenological approach. A second-order perspective was used, focusing on how physicians perceived the phenomenon (managing fever in infants) rather than the phenomenon itself. The transcribed interviews were analyzed using a 7-step approach.ResultsPerforming a lumbar puncture (LP) was conceived as a complex, emotionally and mentally laden procedure and dominated the group discussions. Three central categories emerged as factors that influenced the decision-making process on whether to perform an LP: 1) a possible focus of infection that could explain the origin of the fever, 2) questioning whether the temperature at home reported by the parents was a fever, especially if it was ≤ 38.2°C, and 3) the infant’s general condition and questioning the need for LP in case of well-appearing infants. Around these 3 central categories evolved 6 secondary categories that influenced the decision-making process of whether to perform an LP or not: 1) the physicians’ desire to be able to trust their judgement, 2) fearing the risk of failure, 3) avoiding burdensome work, 4) taking others into account, 5) balancing guidelines and resources, and 6) seeing a need to practice and learn to perform LP.ConclusionsThe difficulty and emotional load of performing an LP were important factors that influenced the decision-making process regarding whether to perform an LP. Physicians highlighted the importance of being able to rely on their clinical judgment and make independent decisions. Guidelines may consider allowing a degree of flexibility and independent thinking to take into account patients’ characteristics and needs.

Effects of Contextual Variables on Match Load in a Professional Soccer Team Attending to the Different Season Periods.

This study aimed to analyze the effects of contextual variables (i.e., match location and match outcome) and season periods on match load (i.e., internal and external load) in professional Brazilian soccer players. Thirty-six professional players from the same soccer team participated in this study. The season was split into four phases: matches 1-16 (i.e., Phase 1 = P1); matches 17-32 (i.e., Phase 2 = P2); matches 33-48, (i.e., Phase 3 = P3); matches 49-65 (i.e., Phase 4 = P4). Considering match outcome, when the team wins, Cognitive load, Emotional load, and Affective load were significantly higher in away vs. home matches (p < 0.05). Considering season phases, in P3, Mental Fatigue was significantly higher in drawing than in losing matches (p < 0.05). Additionally, considering the match outcome, when the team lost, Total Distance (TD)/min and TD > 19 km·h-1/min were significantly lower in P1 than P2 (p < 0.001), P3 (p < 0.001), and P4 (p < 0.001). These results suggest to strength and conditioning coaches the need to consider the outcome and location of the previous game when planning the week, as well as the phase of the season they are in to reduce fatigue and injury risk.

Analisis Beban Kerja Mental Menggunakan Metode NASA-TLX pada Engineering Departement (Studi Kasus PT. Muliaglass Float Division)

PT Muliaglass Float Division, a subsidiary of PT Mulia Industrindo, operates in the glass and ceramic industry with a large production capacity every day. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the extent of psychological stress and what factors affect it. One way to measure mental workload is NASA-TLX. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) is used to assess emotional mental load. The NASA TLX method is a mental workload measurement method that measures workload by dividing it into six aspects of work elements. NASA-TLX is divided into two phases. That is, comparing each scale and rating job performance. A total of 20 employees of the Engineering Department will be included in the study by distributing questionnaires. The results of the research calculations show an average Weight Work Load (WWL) score of 62.67 which falls into the high category. Further evaluation revealed influencing variables, including lack of rest time, lack of work office, and lack of inspiration at work that affect employee performance.

Procrastination and Precrastination from the Perspective of Self‐Control

AbstractProcrastination is defined as postponing a task, anticipating adverse consequences in the future. In contrast, D. A. Rosenbaum and colleagues introduced the concept of “precrastination” in 2014, defining it as people doing a task early even when involving physical cost because they desire to minimize their cognitive load. This study aimed to organize and expand the new concept and advance understanding of precrastination in everyday situations and of the associations between precrastination and self‐control. Using the scenario assumption method, we examined whether people would precrastinate or procrastinate a task to remove cognitive load and clear their mind even if there was physical cost/burden (Study 1), and whether they would precrastinate or procrastinate a painful event to remove emotional load stemming from a fear of pain (Study 2). The results showed that (a) people start tasks early in order to remove cognitive and emotional load; (b) people do not start tasks early when they involve physical cost, burden, or fear; (c) people with high self‐control start tasks early to remove cognitive load even when involving physical cost; and (d) people with high self‐control and low fear start tasks earlier to remove emotional load.

Veterinary High-Stakes Immersive Simulation Training With Repeat Practice Following Structured Debriefing Improves Students' Ability to Cope With High-Pressure Situations.

Immersive simulation is used increasingly in medical education, and there is increasing awareness of the impact of simulation scenarios on emotional state and cognitive load and how these impact learning. 1 There is growing awareness of the requirement to equip veterinarians with skills for managing high-pressure environments and provide training on human factors. Veterinary students participated in a high-fidelity immersive simulation of a road traffic collision involving multiple casualties. The students took part in the same simulation twice, the second time after a debrief. Each participant's emotional state and cognitive load were assessed after participating in each simulation. Each participant was asked to score the effect of pressure on their performance. One hundred twenty-five students participated and demonstrated a higher cognitive load with more positive emotional states during the second scenario after the completion of a structured debrief and discussion focusing on pressure relief techniques (cognitive load - ¯ μ Scenario run 1 = 4.44 ± 1.85 [SD], ¯ μ Scenario2 = 5.69 ± 1.74 [SD]). Most (63%) participants described being in a low-performance state of frazzle during the first scenario compared with most (61%) who described being in a high-performance state of flow during the second. Immersive simulation scenarios, with structured debriefing, may allow the measurement of emotional state and cognitive load in participants. Furthermore, this study suggests that curriculum training in human factors and pressure relief techniques, coupled with immersive simulation and debrief, may improve future performance in high-stakes and high-pressure scenarios.

A retrospection in the poem “Doroshenko” by I. Kalynets

In the poem “Doroshenko”, Iryna Kalynets actualises both the issue of the struggle for territorial unity and the disclosure of the problems of social inequality as one of the sources of disagreement between people. The article considers the historical events of Ruina and the image of Petro Doroshenko as interpreted by the Ukrainian poetess Iryna Kalynets. The analysis of the author’s interpretation of the historical personality from the historical and family points of view was carried out. Ity could be argued that the historical events of the 17th century resonate with events of our time. The purpose of the study is to analyse the author’s ways of displaying retrospective elements in the poem “Doroshenko” by Iryna Kalynets. The structure of the retrospective category and its organisation in the poem are analysed. To achieve the goal of the research, the following methods of literary analysis were applied: biographical, contextual, historical and ethnographic. An attempt was made to single out the variations in the meaning of the term-concept “retrospection”. It is indicated that when using retrospection, a purposeful and weighted selection of historical episodes takes place. Retrospective episodes receive an additional semantic and emotional load, they are presented artistically processed by the imagination of the poetess. Retrospection in the poem “Doroshenko” by Iryna Kalynets can be characterized as suggestive, as it is based on associations, additional semantic and intonation shades, hints, vagueness. The article notes one of the stages of the poem’s existence. The poem was presented to Vasyl Stus for his birthday. In response, the author received “feedback” — comments on a separate section. It is noted that a characteristic feature of the presentation of the image of Hetman Doroshenko is the absence of portrait details. Instead, emotions, actions, toponymy, and historical background are important. I. Kalynets is worried about the problem of betrayal (at the household and state levels). The poet is interested in the issue of social inequality. The article emphasizes the methods of modeling the image of a Cossack elder. Research attention is also focused on the lack of clarity in the presentation of Cossacks. The functioning of lexemes denoting the concept of “denunciation” is analyzed. An attempt is made to interpret Christmas attributes.

ТОЧНІСТЬ СЛОВОВЖИВАННЯ В МЕДІАТЕКСТІ ЯК ОДИН ІЗ ЧИННИКІВ ЕФЕКТИВНОЇ КОМУНІКАЦІЇ

Media text is a type of text directly connected with reality. The method of verbal representation of reality depends on the journalist’s language competence, the ability to choose the appropriate word to denote a subject, process or phenomenon, the ability to combine words into phrases and sentences based on semantic and logical compatibility. At the level of the text, the corresponding feature is the preciseness of word usage. Texts which do not comply with the principle of preciseness of word usage, contain incorrect code and cannot be correctly decoded, therefore they are ineffective, as they are not able to inform the recipient and to influence him. The analysis of media texts revealed that non-compliance with the requirement of preciseness of word usage causes various communicative barriers. An incorrectly chosen word can create an emotional load of the text that does not correspond to the content of the message. On the other hand, the flaw is emotionlessness, neutral expressive tone, indifference, lack of empathy contrary to the facts reflected in the media text. In both cases, the media text will dissonance with the emotions caused by its content, because a false code of pragmatic information is embedded here. Comprehension of the media text can be complicated due to incorrect coding of subject-logical information: using a word or a idioms in improper context; confusion of the word meanings and not only linguistic and logical, but also factual errors as a result; logical deviations due to incorrectly selected or redundant conjunctions, excessive or insufficient word usage; not taking into account the meanings that arise at the word combination level; errors of automatic translation. Non-observance of the principle of preciseness of word usage can lead to non-textual communicative barriers: the recipient may lose confidence in the journalist’s language and even professional competence, lose confidence in the publication or the media in general.

Bloody Christmas Eve in Ochotnica Dolna. Remembrance Practices of the Pacification of Ochotnica Dolna, Poland, on 23 December 1944 from an Anthropological Perspective

This paper concerns the contemporary practices held in the village of Ochotnica Dolna, Poland, to commemorate the pacification that took place on 23 December 1944. Both the accounts provided by the residents of the village and their practices of sharing the memory of the pacification with the next generation show the strong presence of contemporary imaginings of the Second World War. An interpretation of these imaginings from the perspective of memory studies and anthropology indicates the influence of images related to this dramatic event. The emotional load of some of these accounts and their threads lends itself to sharing and copying. The fluent boundaries between the witness accounts, historical and amateur analyses and the places of memory in Ochotnica Dolna create a complex and multithreaded set of imaginings of the past. At the same time, this difficult memory of the pacification is part of the village residents’ identity, as well as being part of the local concept of the “Little Motherland.”

Нові підходи до оплати праці державних службовців в Україні

Нові підходи до оплати праці державних службовців в Україні

Measuring the knowledge and attitudes of physicians towards patients with HIV/AIDS: study of Anatolian group

PurposeThis paper aims to determine the knowledge and attitudes of the physicians regarding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), to emphasize that these patients exist and they will exist in the future and to raise awareness so as to prevent that their rights to treatment are revoked.Design/methodology/approachThe survey was conducted via a link sent through an online system. Random physicians from 81 cities of the country were invited to the survey. The survey has 41 questions regarding knowledge and attitudes in total, including epidemiological information such as age, gender and title.FindingsA total of 3,107 physicians has voluntarily participated in the study. In total, 2,195 (70.7%) are internal physicians and 912 (29.3%) are surgical physicians among the participant physicians. In total, 1,452 (46.7%) of the participants are specialist physicians, 608 (19.6%) of the participants are practising physician and the rest of it is physician assistants, academicians and dentists, respectively.Originality/valueIn this study, it has been found out that the physicians have a lack of knowledge on HIV/AIDS and they adopt a discriminatory attitude towards HIV-positive persons. HIV-positive patients who are exposed to discrimination and scared of being uncovered refrain from applying to hospitals for treatment, which puts public health into jeopardy due to the high viral load and these patients are faced with difficulties in coping with both medical and emotional load of the disease.

Cognition as a part of mental health in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic: impacts on the elderly

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented challenges, and one of the most critical aspects of this global crisis is its impact on the mental and cognitive health of people, particularly the elderly. This analysis delves into the intricate relationship between the pandemic and mental and cognitive health, emphasizing the importance of understanding and addressing these effects in a demographic group often more vulnerable to the consequences of the disease and social distancing measures. Throughout the exposition, various key aspects of mental health are addressed, from its definition as a state of holistic well-being to its connection with social, economic, and cultural factors. It is stressed that mental health extends beyond the mere absence of mental disorders and influences not only the individual but also the community as a whole. The article presents evidence on the impact of social distancing, particularly confinement, as an essential measure to control the virus's spread. While effective in terms of physical health, it has also been shown to be a source of concern for the mental health of the population, especially among the elderly. The analysis suggests that confinement has led to increased sedentary behavior and physical inactivity, which can have negative effects on both physical and mental health, particularly in vulnerable groups. Additionally, concerns and anxieties related to one's own health and that of loved ones in the context of a pandemic are highlighted. Excessive focus on bodily vigilance and constant worry about possible symptoms have contributed to widespread psychological distress, further underscoring the need to address mental health during a pandemic. The article takes a pedagogical and didactic approach by dividing human development into physical, emotional, and cognitive aspects, with a focus on cognitive aspects as the core of the analysis. It explores cognition and its relation to information processing and knowledge acquisition, leading to an understanding of the human mind and the importance of its adaptability. Research on memory loss in the elderly, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, sheds light on the complexity of cognition and how factors like attention, motivation, emotional load, and lifestyle can influence memory. While changes in short-term memory are observed, it is emphasized that semantic memory tends to remain stable, highlighting the multifaceted nature of cognition. The analysis also explores gender differences in mental and cognitive health, noting that elderly women may be more prone to experiencing mental disorders, while mortality-related impacts are more severe in elderly men. However, it is emphasized that these patterns vary by country and other social contexts, highlighting the need to address mental health in a contextualized manner. Finally, the article addresses the relationship between chronic diseases and cognitive effects, with current evidence being diverse. Some studies suggest a positive association, while others do not find a significant relationship. Additionally, the importance of physical activity in maintaining the mental and cognitive health of the elderly is emphasized. In conclusion, the analysis provides a comprehensive view of mental and cognitive health during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting its importance and the various factors that influence it. Furthermore, it underscores the need to address these aspects holistically to ensure better well-being for the elderly, both during and after the pandemic.

Is there a felt need from head teachers to support their wellbeing through the offer of professional reflective supervision? If so, what model would suit them best?

RationaleSchools provide direct support to a range of pupils, many of whom have social/emotional needs or are vulnerable due to their economic status or family circumstances. Teaching can therefore be considered a profession with a high level of emotional demand, that requires the need for reflection, support, and a consideration of the emotional and psychological impacts on children, their families, and other colleagues within schools. The provision of supervision has been found to support the emotional wellbeing of education staff who engage with it, but this offer is not made to all. In addition, the model of supervision used in schools is often one ‘borrowed’ from another discipline and may not be completely suited to meeting the wellbeing needs of HTs who carry a significant emotional load in schools.AimThis small-scale research study was undertaken with a group of twelve head teachers (HTs) and eight educational psychologists (EPs) in one Scottish local authority. The research considered whether professional reflective supervision (PRS) could have a role in supporting HT wellbeing and if so, what form this should take.MethodBoth qualitative and quantitative information was gathered from questionnaires and from four workshops. HTs discussed whether PRS could be a helpful support to them. This was then offered by EPs, based on a model created by the HTs and was evaluated through an end of trial questionnaire and two workshops.FindingsHTs agreed that PRS could support their wellbeing but that a bespoke model was required. Both HTs and EPs provided positive feedback on their experience of this model, where the wellbeing of HTs was central. This led to the creation of guidance, training and the ongoing offer of supervision for all HTs within the local authority, delivered by the EP Service.LimitationsThis research was context specific and small scale and so no causal claims are made from the patterns and trends emerging from the findings.